EP0468458A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auswechseln eines Messers in einem Disk-Zerspaner - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auswechseln eines Messers in einem Disk-Zerspaner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0468458A1
EP0468458A1 EP91112347A EP91112347A EP0468458A1 EP 0468458 A1 EP0468458 A1 EP 0468458A1 EP 91112347 A EP91112347 A EP 91112347A EP 91112347 A EP91112347 A EP 91112347A EP 0468458 A1 EP0468458 A1 EP 0468458A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
knife
disc
releasing device
fixing elements
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91112347A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0468458B1 (de
Inventor
Sven Ake Svensson
Pekka Kokko
Ari Hannimäki
Matti Kahilahti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Andritz Patentverwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Andritz Patentverwaltungs GmbH
Kone Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Andritz Patentverwaltungs GmbH, Kone Corp filed Critical Andritz Patentverwaltungs GmbH
Publication of EP0468458A1 publication Critical patent/EP0468458A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0468458B1 publication Critical patent/EP0468458B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/005—Tools therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
    • B27G13/00—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools
    • B27G13/02—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools in the shape of long arbors, i.e. cylinder cutting blocks
    • B27G13/04—Securing the cutters by mechanical clamping means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a procedure for replacing a knife in a disc chipper provided with a disc which rotates about its center axis and on which several knives are fixed by means of knife holders and knife fixing elements.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for replacing a knife in a disc chipper as described above.
  • a drawback with the solutions used for the fixing of chipper knives in previously known techniques is the use of a large number of fastening bolts. Each time a knife is replaced, these bolts have to be unscrewed and tightened again. The knives are replaced every eight hours, and because of the numerous bolts in the case of a chipper with multiple knives this takes plenty of effective working time.
  • One disc has usually 12 or 16 knives.
  • the knife holding bolts are perpendicular to the flat surfaces of the disc and the knife holders are so mounted that the tightening force partly presses the knife outwards during the fastening operation.
  • a drawback in this case is that the knife is not in touch with its guide surface immediately after mounting. It is only after the first chipping jobs that the knives are pressed against their guide surfaces, but at the same time the knife play increases. Increased knife play has a deteriorating effect on chip quality because the proportion of fine fractions increases. To avoid the deterioration of chip quality, the knife play has to be readjusted immediately after the first chipping operation. Thus, the problem is laborious and repeated adjustment of knife play.
  • the object of the procedure and apparatus of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks referred to and to achieve a fast and reliable procedure and apparatus for replacing the knives of a disc chipper.
  • the invention is characterized by what is presented in the claims.
  • the procedure and apparatus of the invention have the advantage that they enable the knives to be repalced quickly. To unscrew the bolts holding the knife, only one operation is needed. Similarly, the bolts can be tightened by a single operation. A further advantage is that the knives can be easily replaced and that the replacement is safe because there are no separate fastening bolts that could be left out altogether or tightened to a different tightness. Yet another advantage is that, as the motion needed for the tightening of the knife is directed inwards, knife play can be easily adjusted and the knife is at once reliably mounted in its proper and final position.
  • the disc 1 of a disc chipper is a round plate rotating about an essentially horizontal center axis.
  • the disc 1 of a disc chipper placed at the level of each knife, has a radial or nearly radial knife aperture 20 through which the chips produced during chipping are removed for further treatment.
  • a knife holding slot consisting of surfaces 7, 8 and 9.
  • the knife holding slot tapers in a wedge-like manner towards the bottom 8 of the slot. In the embodiment illustrated by Fig. 1, this slot is a cut-out in the disc itself, whereas in the embodiment in Fig. 2 the knife holding slot is incorporated in a separate wearing plate attached to the disc.
  • the knife 3 is a body of a narrow, elongated shape and a length nearly equal to that of the knife aperture 20.
  • the knife is depicted in cross-section.
  • the rear surface of the knife rests against the first wedge surface 7 of the knife slot, and its lower end rests against the bottom 8 the knife slot, either directly or via adjustment screws 28.
  • the rear surface of the knife is defined as the hindmost one of the flat surfaces of the knife as seen in the direction of rotation of the disc 1.
  • the other flat surface is the front surface of the knife.
  • a disc usually has 12 knives mounted at even distances in a radial or nearly radial arrangement, but the number of knives may also be other than 12, e.g. 16.
  • the knife slot accommodates a knife holder 2, which is of a length essentially corresponding to that of the knife.
  • the knife holder is a wedge-shaped body tapering towards the bottom of the knife slot.
  • the rear surface of the knife holder rests against the front surface of the knife, either directly or via a connectors 4 and 6.
  • the other wedge surface of the knife holder rests against the other wedge surface 9 of the knife slot, either directly or via a connector 5. Since the knife is a body of uniform thickness, the wedge angles of the knife slot and knife holder 2 must correspond to each other, unless such correspondence is ensured by using additional wedge-shaped connectors.
  • the knife holder 2 used in the solutions of the invention has a small wedge angle. This provides the advantage of rendering the wedge-shaped knife holder 2 completely or at least partially self-retaining. Because of its small wedge angle, the knife holder has a structure that enables most of the forces received by it from the knife during chipping to be transmitted directly through the knife holder to its opposite side, where the friction causes the forces to be transmitted to the disc 1. Therefore, the only function of the knife fixing elements is to perform the fastening movement when the knife is replaced and to ensure that the knife holder remains in place when the chipper is in operation.
  • the wedge angle value required for the knife holder is self-retaining at a given friction coefficient value.
  • a suitable friction coefficient value is between 0.2 - 0.3, depending on lubrication.
  • the required wedge angle is between 11.3 16.7°.
  • a preferable knife holder wedge angle is between 150 - 25 ⁇ .
  • the bottom side of the knife holder 2 is provided with threaded holes arranged in a straight row essentially over the whole length of the knife holder. Fitted in each threaded hole is a tightening pin 29 provided with a threaded part of suitable length at each end.
  • the disc 1 or the separate wearing plate 21 is provided with borings corresponding to the threaded pins, said borings being of a size permitting the shanks of the threaded pins to move in them.
  • Each boring is followed by a larger cut-out 26 in the disc 1 or the wearing plate 21, which may have a round, rectangular or other suitable crossectional form.
  • the cut-out 26 is of a circular cross-section and concentric with the boring made for the tightening pin.
  • the cut-out 26 opens in a direction away from the knife, either in the widthwise direction of the knife or in some other suitable direction.
  • the cut-out opens to the side opposite to the knife, i.e. to the backside of the disc. In these cases, the cut- out continues to the backside of the disc without any change in its dimensions and direction.
  • the cut-out continues for some distance from the knife without any change in its dimensions and direction, but it then widens out in the longitudinal direction of the knife into a transverse cavity 30 extending nearly over the whole length of the knife and interconnecting all the collateral cut-outs 26.
  • a set of springs 10 acting as a knife fixing element preferably consisting of a number of successive cup springs.
  • the set of springs 10 is so placed around the tightening pin 29 that the springs 10 are compressed between the cut-out end facing the knife and the adjustment nuts 11 or spacers 25, producing a pressing force which is transmitted via the tightening pin to the knife holder 2 so as to pull it in the direction of the pin.
  • the knife 3 is firmly pressed in position.
  • the free end of the cut-out constitutes a cylinder with a movable piston 12 inside it.
  • the piston is used for releasing the knives.
  • the piston is provided with seals 13 to seal the gap between the cut-out and the sliding surface of the piston.
  • the free end of the cut-out is provided with a backplate 15 locked in place by means of threads to close the cut-out end tightly. Attached to the backplate is a stopper pin 14 extending from the backplate into the piston 12, permitting the latter to move in the cut-out through a limited distance.
  • the travel of the piston is so adjusted that the stopper pin will stop the piston after the latter has reached the end of the tightening pin 29 and pushed the knife holder 2 clear of the knife. In this way, the piston is prevented from completely flattening the springs 10.
  • the part of the cut-out between the piston 12 and the backplate 15 forms a circular pressure space 16.
  • This space communicates with a pressure channel 17, which may run from the front side of the disc as in Fig. 1, or equally well from the backside or the circumference of the disc.
  • the starting end of the pressure channel is provided with a quick-disconnect fitting 18 placed in a cut-out 19 in the disc to protect it against damage.
  • the other end of the pressure channel branches out into all of the collateral cut-outs 26 so that the pressure fed in through the quick-disconnect fitting 18 acts with equal force in all of them.
  • the pressure system may be hydraulic or pneumatic, so the pressure medium used depends on the system.
  • the transverse cavity 30 accommodates a hose 22 made of an elastic material and used as a means of releasing the knives.
  • the bearing surfaces for the hose consist of a backplate 24 placed behind the hose and a support plate 23 placed between the hose and the tightening pin 29. A pressure is fed into the hose via a quick-disconnect fitting as described above.
  • the wearing plate 21 is provided with a bearing element 27 placed at the knife- holding end of the plate.
  • a pressure e.g. hydraulic pressure
  • the piston 12 or hose 22 moves within a limited travel towards the tightening pin 29, pressing it against the spring force.
  • the knife holder 2 now moves in the same direction with the tightening pin, releasing the knife.
  • the worn-out knife is removed from its slot and a new one is inserted, whereupon the extra pressure is let out from the system.
  • the depressurization is not described separately, but it may occur via the same quick-disconnect fitting 18 through which the pressure is fed into the system.
  • the set of springs 10 pulls the knife holder 2 back to its tightening position and pushes the piston 12 or hose 22 back to its original position.
  • the knife has been firmly secured and another one can be replaced.
  • a mechanical wabbler shaft instead of a hose 22 and a pressure system.
  • a shaft provided with eccentric cams is mounted in place of the hose 22 and one end of the shaft is provided with a nut or other suitable element by which the shaft can be rotated with a sufficient power.
  • the eccentric cams act against the spring force, thereby releasing the knife.
  • the wabbler shaft is turned back to a position where the eccentric cams are disengaged from contact with the tightening pin or equivalent and the springs cause the knife to be tightened in position.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Accessories And Tools For Shearing Machines (AREA)
EP19910112347 1990-07-26 1991-07-23 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auswechseln eines Messers in einem Disk-Zerspaner Expired - Lifetime EP0468458B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI903733A FI87159C (fi) 1990-07-26 1990-07-26 Foerfarande och anordning foer byte av kniven i en skivhugg
FI903733 1990-07-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0468458A1 true EP0468458A1 (de) 1992-01-29
EP0468458B1 EP0468458B1 (de) 1994-11-30

Family

ID=8530841

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19910112347 Expired - Lifetime EP0468458B1 (de) 1990-07-26 1991-07-23 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auswechseln eines Messers in einem Disk-Zerspaner

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0468458B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2047789A1 (de)
DE (2) DE468458T1 (de)
FI (1) FI87159C (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2783725A1 (fr) * 1998-09-28 2000-03-31 Dimetal Machine pour fragmenter des blocs d'une matiere organique naturelle ou synthetique, telle que du bois
WO2006058759A1 (de) * 2004-12-04 2006-06-08 Sms Demag Ag Vorrichtung zum klemmen eines messers bei einer schere zum querteilen von bändern
US7584772B2 (en) 2002-06-26 2009-09-08 Metso Paper, Inc. Method for clamping a knife in a disc chipper and a knife clamp for a knife assembly

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI90322C (fi) * 1992-11-18 1994-01-25 Andritz Patentverwaltung Menetelmä ja laite kiekkohakun terän vaihtamiseksi

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3014511A (en) * 1959-03-12 1961-12-26 Kirsten Paul Arthur Rotary tool for woodworking and woodcutting machines
DE1154613B (de) * 1961-01-04 1963-09-19 Hombak Maschinenfab Kg Messerwelle fuer Holzzerspanungsmaschinen
DE1653094A1 (de) * 1967-01-31 1971-09-16 Hombak Maschinenfab Kg Einrichtung zum Entspannen federbelasteter Spannkeile an Zerspannungswerkzeugen
FR2198814A1 (de) * 1972-09-08 1974-04-05 Koster Hermann
FR2229516A1 (en) * 1973-05-18 1974-12-13 Duffour Gilbert Rotary wood cutting tool - radial blades trapped between circumferential segments, released hydraulically
DE2405000A1 (de) * 1974-02-02 1975-08-07 Hombak Maschinenfab Kg Messerwelle fuer holzzerspanungsmaschinen

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3014511A (en) * 1959-03-12 1961-12-26 Kirsten Paul Arthur Rotary tool for woodworking and woodcutting machines
DE1154613B (de) * 1961-01-04 1963-09-19 Hombak Maschinenfab Kg Messerwelle fuer Holzzerspanungsmaschinen
DE1653094A1 (de) * 1967-01-31 1971-09-16 Hombak Maschinenfab Kg Einrichtung zum Entspannen federbelasteter Spannkeile an Zerspannungswerkzeugen
FR2198814A1 (de) * 1972-09-08 1974-04-05 Koster Hermann
FR2229516A1 (en) * 1973-05-18 1974-12-13 Duffour Gilbert Rotary wood cutting tool - radial blades trapped between circumferential segments, released hydraulically
DE2405000A1 (de) * 1974-02-02 1975-08-07 Hombak Maschinenfab Kg Messerwelle fuer holzzerspanungsmaschinen

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2783725A1 (fr) * 1998-09-28 2000-03-31 Dimetal Machine pour fragmenter des blocs d'une matiere organique naturelle ou synthetique, telle que du bois
EP0990494A1 (de) * 1998-09-28 2000-04-05 Dimetal Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von synthetischen oder natürlichen organischen Materialien, wie z.B. Holz
US7584772B2 (en) 2002-06-26 2009-09-08 Metso Paper, Inc. Method for clamping a knife in a disc chipper and a knife clamp for a knife assembly
WO2006058759A1 (de) * 2004-12-04 2006-06-08 Sms Demag Ag Vorrichtung zum klemmen eines messers bei einer schere zum querteilen von bändern

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI903733A (fi) 1992-01-27
DE69105389D1 (de) 1995-01-12
FI903733A0 (fi) 1990-07-26
DE69105389T2 (de) 1995-04-20
FI87159B (fi) 1992-08-31
CA2047789A1 (en) 1992-01-27
FI87159C (fi) 1992-12-10
EP0468458B1 (de) 1994-11-30
DE468458T1 (de) 1992-05-21

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