EP0466618B1 - Hybrid yarn for composite materials made from thermoplastic matrix and process for producing the same - Google Patents
Hybrid yarn for composite materials made from thermoplastic matrix and process for producing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0466618B1 EP0466618B1 EP91420232A EP91420232A EP0466618B1 EP 0466618 B1 EP0466618 B1 EP 0466618B1 EP 91420232 A EP91420232 A EP 91420232A EP 91420232 A EP91420232 A EP 91420232A EP 0466618 B1 EP0466618 B1 EP 0466618B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibres
- thermoplastic
- matrix
- fibers
- thermoplastic material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 55
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920012266 Poly(ether sulfone) PES Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- YFXPPSKYMBTNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bensultap Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)SCC(N(C)C)CSS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YFXPPSKYMBTNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/40—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads
- D02G3/402—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads the adhesive being one component of the yarn, i.e. thermoplastic yarn
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/38—Threads in which fibres, filaments, or yarns are wound with other yarns or filaments, e.g. wrap yarns, i.e. strands of filaments or staple fibres are wrapped by a helically wound binder yarn
- D02G3/385—Threads in which fibres, filaments, or yarns are wound with other yarns or filaments, e.g. wrap yarns, i.e. strands of filaments or staple fibres are wrapped by a helically wound binder yarn using hollow spindles, e.g. making coverspun yarns
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2936—Wound or wrapped core or coating [i.e., spiral or helical]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
- Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
- Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
- Y10T428/2969—Polyamide, polyimide or polyester
Definitions
- the hybrid yarn which it concerns of the type comprising an intimate mixture of yarns of reinforcing fibers and yarns of thermoplastic matrix fibers, each of the yarns of fibers having been obtained by cracking according to a slow and progressive drawing of multifilaments , is characterized in that, after stretching, the parallel fibers are covered by a continuous filament of thermoplastic material, of the same nature as the matrix fibers of thermoplastic material, the covering thermoplastic filament represents between 10 and 25% of the total volume of thermoplastic material that the wire contains.
- the yarn according to the invention contains reinforcing fibers which are designated by the general reference 2, and matrix fibers of thermoplastic material designated by the general reference 3.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention a pour objet un fil hybride pour matériaux composites à matrice thermoplastique, constituée de fibres thermoplastiques, ainsi que son procédé d'obtention selon le préambule de la revendication 1 et selon le préambule de la revendication 5.The subject of the present invention is a hybrid yarn for composite materials with a thermoplastic matrix, consisting of thermoplastic fibers, as well as the process for obtaining it according to the preamble of
Dans les procédés actuels utilisés pour la fabrication de ces types de matériaux composites, les fibres de renfort (carbone, aramide ou verre), qui se trouvent généralement sous forme de multifilaments, sont tissées alternativement avec des multifilaments de fibres matrices thermoplastiques.In the current processes used for the manufacture of these types of composite materials, the reinforcing fibers (carbon, aramid or glass), which are generally found in the form of multifilaments, are woven alternately with multifilaments of thermoplastic matrix fibers.
Ces fibres matrices thermoplastiques appartiennent aux familles classiques :
- Polyéther éther cétone (PEEK),
- Polysulfure de phénylène (PPS),
- Polyétherimide (PEI),
- Polyéthersulfone (PES),
- Polyamide.
- Polyether ether ketone (PEEK),
- Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS),
- Polyetherimide (PEI),
- Polyethersulfone (PES),
- Polyamide.
Cette technique de fabrication présente de multiples inconvénients parmi lesquels on peut citer :
- une mauvaise mouillabilité,
- un taux de vide important,
- un délaminage des fibres de renfort.
- poor wettability,
- a high vacuum rate,
- delamination of the reinforcing fibers.
Une autre technique consiste à entremêler le multifilament de fibres de renfort avec le multifilament de fibres thermoplastiques, selon un procédé nommé COMINGLED.Another technique consists in intermingling the multifilament of reinforcing fibers with the multifilament of thermoplastic fibers, according to a process called COMINGLED.
Il existe également d'autres procédés, qui consistent à charger les fibres de renfort par une matrice pulvérulente thermoplastique, dont l'extérieur comporte une gaine fondue qui contient la poudre. On trouve également des procédés d'imprégnation par voie solvant, dont la mise en oeuvre est problématique, en particulier pour la sécurité des travailleurs et de l'environnement. Des inclusions de solvants résiduels dans le composite sont également préjudiciables à une bonne tenue au feu.There are also other methods, which consist of loading the reinforcing fibers with a thermoplastic pulverulent matrix, the exterior of which comprises a molten sheath which contains the powder. There are also solvent impregnation methods, the implementation of which is problematic, in particular for the safety of workers and the environment. The inclusion of residual solvents in the composite is also detrimental to good fire resistance.
Ces différentes techniques possèdent en commun des inconvénients importants dans différents domaines :
- Coût de réalisation des fils,
- Difficultés au tissage ou tressage ou U.D.,
- Impossibilité de réaliser des pièces de formes complexes, car indéformabilité du réseau de fibres de renfort continues.
- Cost of making the wires,
- Difficulties in weaving or braiding or UD,
- Impossibility of producing parts of complex shapes, because the network of continuous reinforcing fibers is indeformable.
Il est connu, par le brevet français 2 634 799 (EP-A-0 354 139) au nom de la Demanderesse, de réaliser un fil hybride pour matériaux composites à matrice thermoplastique, par un mélange intime de fibres de renfort et de fibres matrices thermoplastiques, qui ont préalablement subi indépendamment les unes des autres une opération de craquage selon un étirage lent et progressif de multifilaments.It is known, from French patent 2,634,799 (EP-A-0 354 139) in the name of the Applicant, to produce a hybrid yarn for composite materials with a thermoplastic matrix, by an intimate mixture of reinforcing fibers and matrix fibers thermoplastics, which have previously undergone, independently of each other, a cracking operation according to a slow and progressive drawing of multifilaments.
Le ruban final obtenu est ensuite soumis aux opérations classiques de filature de fibres longues : passage sur banc à broches, filature proprement dite, bobinage, assemblage et retordage.The final ribbon obtained is then subjected to the conventional operations of spinning long fibers: passage on a bench with spindles, actual spinning, winding, assembly and twisting.
Les filés ainsi obtenus sont aptes à être transformés par tissage, tricotage ou tressage pour l'obtention de matériaux composites présentant de nombreux avantages par rapport aux matériaux du même type obtenus selon les procédés de la technique antérieure.The yarns thus obtained are capable of being transformed by weaving, knitting or braiding to obtain composite materials having numerous advantages compared to materials of the same type obtained according to the processes of the prior art.
Ces avantages sont les suivants :
- une très bonne mouillabilité des fibres de renfort,
- un très faible taux de vide,
- une drapabilité des surfaces textiles permettant le moulage des surfaces développables ou non ;
- une très bonne isotropie du matériau dans la direction des fibres de renfort,
- une excellente résistance au délaminage. En fait, le matériau se présente comme un solide monolithique qui a "oublié" sa structure initiale stratifiée.
- very good wettability of the reinforcing fibers,
- a very low vacuum rate,
- drapability of textile surfaces allowing the molding of developable surfaces or not;
- a very good isotropy of the material in the direction of the reinforcing fibers,
- excellent resistance to delamination. In fact, the material is presented as a monolithic solid which "forgot" its initial stratified structure.
Le composite obtenu présente, en outre, de très bonnes aptitudes à l'estampage à chaud.The composite obtained also has very good hot stamping skills.
Le document DE-A-2 407 357 décrit un fil destine au textile d'habillement obtenu à partir d'un faisceau de fibres végétales ou animales (coton, laine) en mélange intime avec du polyester ou du polyamide. La technique de filature par guipage est ici utilisée pour améliorer de façon très sensible la vitesse de production. Ce fil comporte un filament de guipage qui est de même nature que la fibre synthétique en mélange pour des raisons d'affinité de teinture. Ce filament de guipage qui fait partie intégrante du fil et reste présent dans le vêtement obtenu, a également pour fonction de conférer une stabilité dimensionnelle au vêtement et de limiter le froissement du tissu.Document DE-A-2 407 357 describes a yarn intended for clothing textiles obtained from a bundle of vegetable or animal fibers (cotton, wool) in intimate mixture with polyester or polyamide. The gimp spinning technique is used here to significantly improve the speed of production. This yarn comprises a covering filament which is of the same nature as the synthetic fiber in mixture for reasons of dye affinity. This covering filament which is an integral part of the thread and remains present in the garment obtained, also has the function of imparting dimensional stability to the garment and of limiting the wrinkling of the fabric.
Le but de l'invention est de fournir un fil hybride possèdant toutes les qualités du fil du document FR-A-2 634 790, mais possèdant en outre une excellente déformabilité permettant la réalisation, à partir d'une nappe textile obtenue avec le fil selon l'invention, de pièces embouties à chaud présentant des formes profondes, sans rupture et sans formation de plis préjudiciables à l'homogénéité de telles pièces.The object of the invention is to provide a hybrid wire having all the qualities of the wire of document FR-A-2 634 790, but also having a excellent deformability allowing the production, from a textile web obtained with the yarn according to the invention, of hot stamped parts having deep shapes, without rupture and without the formation of folds detrimental to the homogeneity of such parts.
A cet effet, le fil hybride qu'elle concerne, du type comprenant un mélange intime de filés de fibres de renfort et de filés de fibres matrices thermoplastiques, chacun des filés de fibres ayant été obtenu par craquage selon un étirage lent et progressif de multifilaments, est caractérisé en ce que, après étirage les fibres parallèles sont guipées par un filament continu de matière thermoplastique, de même nature que les fibres matrices de matière thermoplastique, le filament thermoplastique de guipage représente entre 10 et 25 % du volume total de matière thermoplastique que contient le fil.To this end, the hybrid yarn which it concerns, of the type comprising an intimate mixture of yarns of reinforcing fibers and yarns of thermoplastic matrix fibers, each of the yarns of fibers having been obtained by cracking according to a slow and progressive drawing of multifilaments , is characterized in that, after stretching, the parallel fibers are covered by a continuous filament of thermoplastic material, of the same nature as the matrix fibers of thermoplastic material, the covering thermoplastic filament represents between 10 and 25% of the total volume of thermoplastic material that the wire contains.
La structure du fil selon l'invention permet d'utiliser un faisceau de fibres organiques ou inorganiques de très haut module pour constituer un fil dont chaque élément fibreux reste rectiligne, ce qui évite de mettre en oeuvre une torsion induisant des contraines internes dans les fibres. En outre, l'utilisation d'un filament de fibre thermoplastique pour réaliser le guipage, permet d'assurer la tenue du fil pendant l'opération de transformation du fil en surface textile, par tissage ou tricotage par exemple, tandis que lors de la transformation de la surface textile en composite, le filament de guipage ainsi que les fibres thermoplastiques du noyau fondent en libérant la masse de fibres de haut module qui constitue un renfort parfaitement libre de toute contrainte. Il ne subsiste plus dans le composite qu'un reseau de ces fibres de renfort, noyé dans la matière organique qui a fondu. On ne trouve donc pas trace du filament de guipage dans le composite final.The structure of the yarn according to the invention makes it possible to use a bundle of organic or inorganic fibers of very high modulus to form a yarn in which each fibrous element remains rectilinear, which avoids using a twist inducing internal stresses in the fibers. . In addition, the use of a thermoplastic fiber filament to make the covering, ensures the holding of the thread during the operation of transforming the thread into a textile surface, by weaving or knitting for example, while during the transformation of the textile surface into a composite, the covering filament as well as the thermoplastic fibers of the core melt, releasing the mass of high modulus fibers which constitutes a reinforcement perfectly free from any constraint. There remains in the composite only a network of these reinforcing fibers, embedded in the organic material which has melted. There is therefore no trace of the covering filament in the final composite.
Il est à noter que dans le fil dans l'invention les fibres sont traitées par craquage, tandis que dans les techniques traditionnelles les fibres organiques subissent une opération de coupage.It should be noted that in the yarn in the invention the fibers are treated by cracking, while in traditional techniques the organic fibers undergo a cutting operation.
Selon une autre caractéristique, ce fil comprend de 50 à 55 % de fibres de renfort pour 50 à 45 % de fibres thermoplastiques.According to another characteristic, this yarn comprises from 50 to 55% of reinforcing fibers for 50 to 45% of thermoplastic fibers.
Les fibres de renfort sont choisies parmi les fibres de carbone, d'aramide ou de verre tandis que les fibres matrices thermoplastiques sont choisies parmi les fibres de polyéther éther cétone (PEEK), polysulfure de phénylène (PPS), polyéthersulfone (PES), polyétherimide (PEI), ainsi que parmi les autres fibres connues dans ce but, telles que polyamides et polyimides.The reinforcing fibers are chosen from carbon, aramid or glass fibers while the thermoplastic matrix fibers are chosen from polyether ether ketone (PEEK), phenylene polysulfide (PPS), polyethersulfone (PES), polyetherimide fibers (PEI), as well as among the other fibers known for this purpose, such as polyamides and polyimides.
La déformabilité d'un matériau composite obtenu à partir de ce fil est exellente, compte tenu de la très grande faculté de glissement des fibres de renfort entre elles, pendant le moulage, c'est-à-dire lorsque les fibres thermoplastiques ont fondu.The deformability of a composite material obtained from this wire is excellent, given the very great sliding ability of the reinforcing fibers therebetween, during molding, that is to say when the thermoplastic fibers have melted.
Cet avantage résulte de la discontinuité des fibres de renfort et du non-liage entre elles par une torsion sur le fil d'origine. Ces caractéristiques de déformabilité sont obtenues sans nuire aux autres caractéristiques, et notamment aux caractéristiques mécaniques.This advantage results from the discontinuity of the reinforcing fibers and from the non-bonding between them by a twist on the original wire. These deformability characteristics are obtained without harming the other characteristics, and in particular the mechanical characteristics.
Un tel fil est donc particulièrement adapté pour la réalisation de pièces complexes dans les domaines de l'industrie, de l'automobile et de l'aéronautique notamment pour les pièces d'habillage intérieur des cabines d'avions et d'hélicoptères.Such a wire is therefore particularly suitable for the production of complex parts in the fields of industry, the automobile and aeronautics, in particular for the interior trim parts of aircraft and helicopter cabins.
Un procédé d'obtention de ce fil hybride consiste tout d'abord à soumettre des multifilaments de fibres de renfort et des multifilaments de fibres matrices à des processus séparés de craquage par étirage lent et progressif, à assembler les rubans de fibres discontinues ainsi obtenus sur une machine d'étirage de type intersecting, le ruban sortant de cette machine d'étirage étant assemblé sur une autre machine d'étirage avec des rubans identiques, cette opération étant répétée à plusieurs reprises, afin d'obtenir le mélange le plus intime possible, à soumettre le ruban obtenu à un étirage dans un système de laminage, et enfin à faire passer le faisceau de fibres discontinues, mélangées et parallèles, à l'intérieur d'une broche creuse portant un filament continu de matière thermoplastique de même nature que les fibres matrices de matière thermoplastique, le filament thermoplastique répresente entre 10 et 25% du volume total de matière thermoplastique que contient le fil, pour réaliser le guipage du faisceau de fibres par le filament continu.A process for obtaining this hybrid yarn consists first of all in subjecting multifilaments of reinforcing fibers and multifilaments of matrix fibers to separate cracking processes by slow and progressive drawing, in assembling the ribbons of staple fibers thus obtained on an intersecting type stretching machine, the ribbon leaving this stretching machine being assembled on another stretching machine with identical ribbons, this operation being repeated several times, in order to obtain the most intimate mixture possible , subjecting the ribbon obtained to drawing in a rolling system, and finally passing the bundle of staple fibers, mixed and parallel, inside a hollow spindle carrying a continuous filament of thermoplastic material of the same kind as matrix fibers of thermoplastic material, the thermoplastic filament represents between 10 and 25% of the total volume of thermoplastic material that e contains the yarn, to cover the bundle of fibers with the continuous filament.
Compte tenu de la faible cohésion des fibres, il est procédé à un laminage à une zone avec appui des fibres sur une seule lanière, avec un taux d'étirage inférieur a 50 et une vitesse de défilement réduite de 50 % par rapport aux valeurs mises en oeuvre pour la transformation des fibres organiques.In view of the low cohesion of the fibers, a zone is laminated with the fibers supported on a single strip, with a drawing rate less than 50 and a running speed reduced by 50% compared to the values set. used for the transformation of organic fibers.
De toute façon l'invention sera bien comprise à l'aide de la description qui suit d'un procédé d'obtention du fil hybride pour matériaux composites selon l'invention, en référence au dessin schématique annexé dans lequel :
- Figure 1 est une diagramme de longueurs des fibres ayant été soumises à l'opération de craquage ;
- Figure 2 est une vue très schématique de l'installation de craquage des fibres ;
- Figure 3 est une vue très schématique d'une installation de mélange des fibres craquées conduisant à l'obtention d'un ruban de filés de fibres hybrides selon l'invention ;
- Figure 4 est une vue schématique de la structure du fil selon l'invention ;
- Figure 5 est une vue du dispositif de filage.
- Figure 1 is a length diagram of the fibers having been subjected to the cracking operation;
- Figure 2 is a very schematic view of the fiber cracking installation;
- Figure 3 is a very schematic view of a mixing installation cracked fibers leading to the production of a ribbon of hybrid fiber yarns according to the invention;
- Figure 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the wire according to the invention;
- Figure 5 is a view of the spinning device.
Le fil selon l'invention contient des fibres de renfort qui sont désignées par la référence générale 2, et des fibres de matrice en matériau thermoplastique désignées par la référence générale 3.The yarn according to the invention contains reinforcing fibers which are designated by the
Des multifilaments de fibres matrices sont soumis a une opération de craquage à l'aide d'une installation schématisée à la figure 2. Des multifilaments de fibres de renfort sont également soumis à une opération de craquage à l'aide d'une installation de même type. Cette installation représentée à la figure 2 comprend des bobines 10 destinées à l'alimentation en câbles de multifilaments. Ces câbles sont soumis à une opération de craquage par étirage et rupture contrôlés, par passages successifs dans des zones 11, 12, 13 et 14, les vitesses des zones d'étirage 11, 12 et des zones de craquage 13, 14 augmentant progressivement de la zone 11 à la zone 14 ce qui permet d'obtenir à la sortie un ruban de libres discontinues dont la longueur moyenne est parfaitement maîtrisée. Cette longueur est illustrée sur le diagramme de la figure 1 dans lequel figurent en ordonnées les longueurs de fibres en millimètres, et en abscisses la population des fibres, exprimée en pourcentage du nombre de fibres de cette population. Des installations distinctes du type de celles représentées à la figure 2 sont utilisées pour obtenir d'une part des rubans de fibres discontinues de renfort 2 et d'autre part, des rubans de libres discontinues de matrice thermoplastique 3.Multifilaments of matrix fibers are subjected to a cracking operation using an installation shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2. Multifilaments of reinforcing fibers are also subjected to a cracking operation using an installation similarly type. This installation shown in FIG. 2 comprises coils 10 intended for supplying cables with multifilaments. These cables are subjected to a cracking operation by controlled stretching and breaking, by successive passages in
Ces rubans 2 et 3 sont ensuite amenés, par des moyens connus en soi à un dispositif de mélange représenté à la figure 3. Ce dispositif consiste en une installation comportant une zone d'étirage 15 du type intersecting, qui permet d'obtenir, à la sortie, un ruban non homogène 4 de fibres de renfort 2 et de fibres matrice 3 mélangées, qui comporte des "traces" de chacun des composants.These
Chaque ruban 4 ainsi obtenu est, à la sortie de cette machine, assemblé sur une machine similaire avec dix autres rubans identiques. Cette opération est répétée à plusieurs reprises, généralement quatre fois, ce qui permet d'obtenir des filés de fibres hybrides dans des proportions finales désirées de fibres de renfort et de fibres thermoplastiques. Ces proportions varient en fonction des caractéristiques des libres matrices thermoplastiques, et en particulier de leur viscosité à chaud. Toutefois les proportions respectives de fibres de renfort et de fibres matrices thermoplastiques sont de l'ordre respectivement de 53 % et de 47 %.Each ribbon 4 thus obtained is, on leaving this machine, assembled on a similar machine with ten other identical ribbons. This operation is repeated several times, generally four times, which makes it possible to obtain yarns of hybrid fibers in desired final proportions of reinforcing fibers and of thermoplastic fibers. These proportions vary according to the characteristics of the free thermoplastic matrices, and in particular their hot viscosity. However, the respective proportions of reinforcing fibers and thermoplastic matrix fibers are of the order of 53% and 47% respectively.
Le ruban obtenu est ensuite soumis à une opération de filature dite filature par guipage sur un système de laminage fibres longues, tel que montré à la figure 5. Les fibres de renfort et de matrice, mélangées intimement sont soumises à un étirage dans un système de laminage conventionnel, 16, 17, de type S.K.F. ou SUESSEN. Au point de délivraison 18, les fibres parallèles sont guipées par un multifilament continu 19 de même nature que la fibre matrice utilisée. Le filament 19 est porté par une broche creuse 20, à l'intérieur de laquelle passe le faisceau de fibres discontinues mélangées parallèles, guipé par le filament de résine. Le fil complet guipé 22 est alors pris en charge dans des cylindres de réception 23. La structure du fil guipé 22 ressort notamment de la figure 4.The ribbon obtained is then subjected to a spinning operation called spinning by wrapping on a long fiber laminating system, as shown in FIG. 5. The reinforcement and matrix fibers, intimately mixed, are subjected to drawing in a system of conventional rolling, 16, 17, type SKF or SUESSEN. At the
Dans ces conditions, est obtenu un réseau de fibres discontinues de renfort et de matrice parfaitement rectiligne. Ce fil possède un avantage très important si on le compare à la technique de filature base fils tordus. En effet, dans cette dernière technique les fibres sont déformées en hélices, et sont donc soumises à une contrainte composée, cisaillement et traction, qui altére très sensiblement les propriétés mécaniques des composites obtenus.Under these conditions, a network of discontinuous reinforcing fibers and a perfectly straight matrix is obtained. This yarn has a very important advantage when compared to the spinning technique based on twisted yarns. Indeed, in this latter technique the fibers are deformed into helices, and are therefore subjected to a compound stress, shear and traction, which very significantly alters the mechanical properties of the composites obtained.
Les filés selon l'invention sont aptes à être transformés par tissage, tricotage ou tressage pour l'obtention de matériaux composites présentant d'excellentes caractéristiques de mouillabilité, un très faible taux de vide, une très bonne isotropie dans la direction des fibres de renfort, une excellente résistance au délaminage, et une excellente capacité de déformation par glissement des fibres de renfort entre elles, après ramollissement des fibres thermoplastiques.The yarns according to the invention are suitable for being transformed by weaving, knitting or braiding in order to obtain composite materials having excellent wettability characteristics, a very low void ratio, a very good isotropy in the direction of the reinforcing fibers , excellent resistance to delamination, and excellent capacity for deformation by sliding of the reinforcing fibers therebetween, after softening of the thermoplastic fibers.
Le tableau I compare les propriétés de différents matériaux composites réalisés à partir d'un mélange de fibres de renfort à base de carbone, et de fibres matrices thermoplastiques à base de polysulfure de phénylène (PPS).Table I compares the properties of different composite materials produced from a mixture of carbon-based reinforcing fibers and thermoplastic matrix fibers based on phenylene polysulphide (PPS).
Les échantillons portant les références une à six, appartiennent à la famille des composites à renfort discontinu, en technique fibres longues craquées et tordues. Les références SAMPE et composites n° 3 correspondent à la technique fil continu entremêlé (COMINGLED).The samples bearing the references one to six belong to the family of discontinuous reinforcement composites, in long cracked and twisted fiber technique. The SAMPE and composites n ° 3 references correspond to the intermingled continuous wire technique (COMINGLED).
Ce tableau montre l'existence de légères différences dans les taux de fibres. Les densités sont également très voisines. Par contre on note un taux de vide très bas pour le fil hybride selon l'invention ce qui montre que le composite obtenu est très homogène. Les caractéristiques mécaniques du fil selon l'invention sont très voisines de celles des autres fils que ce soit au niveau module et contrainte de rupture en flexion ou en traction.This table shows the existence of slight differences in fiber levels. The densities are also very close. On the other hand, there is a very low void rate for the hybrid wire according to the invention, which shows that the composite obtained is very homogeneous. The mechanical characteristics of the wire according to the invention are very close to those of other wires, whether at the module level and breaking stress in bending or in tension.
Les tests de déformabilité font, pour leur part apparaître un avantage très net pour le fil selon l'invention.For their part, the deformability tests show a very clear advantage for the wire according to the invention.
Comme il ressort de ce qui précéde l'invention apporte une grande amélioration à la technique existante en fournissant un fil hybride possédant non seulement d'excellentes caractéristiques mécaniques, mais encore une parfaite déformabilité.
Claims (5)
- Hybrid wire for composite materials with a thermoplastic matrix, of the type comprising an intimate mixture of threads of reinforcing fibres and threads of thermoplastic matrix fibres, each of the threads of fibres having been obtained by cracking by means of slow, progressive drawing of multifilaments, characterised in that, after drawing, the parallel fibres (2, 3) are covered by a continuous filament (19) of thermoplastic material, of the same nature as the matrix fibres (3) of thermoplastic material, and the covering thermoplastic filament (19) represents between 10% and 25% of the total volume of thermoplastic material contained in the wire.
- Hybrid wire according to Claim 1, characterised in that it comprises from 50% to 55% of reinforcing fibres (2) with 50% to 45% of thermoplastic fibres (3).
- Hybrid wire according to either one of Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the reinforcing fibres (2) are chosen from amongst carbon, aramid or glass fibres.
- Hybrid wire according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the thermoplastic matrix fibres (3) are chosen from amongst the fibres of polyether ether ketone (PEEK), phenylpolysulphide (PPS), polyethersulphone (PES) and polyetherimide (PEI), and from amongst other known fibres used for this purpose, such as polyamides and polyimides.
- Process for obtaining a hybrid wire for composite materials with a thermoplastic matrix according to Claim 1, characterised in that it consists first of all of subjecting multifilaments of reinforcing fibres and multifilaments of matrix fibres to separate cracking processes by slow and progressive drawing, assembling the strips of discontinuous fibres (2, 3) thus obtained on a drawing machine of the intersecting type, the strip (4) emerging from this drawing machine being assembled on another drawing machine with identical strips, this operation being repeated several times, in order to obtain the most intimate mixture possible, subjecting the strip obtained to a drawing in a rolling system (16, 17), and finally causing the bunch of discontinuous, mixed, parallel fibres to pass inside a hollow spindle (20) carrying a continuous filament (19) of thermoplastic material of the same nature as the matrix fibres (3) of thermoplastic material, the thermoplastic filament (19) representing between 10% and 25% of the total volume of thermoplastic material contained in the wire, in order to cover the bunch of fibres (2, 3) with the continuous filament (19).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9009398A FR2664621B1 (en) | 1990-07-13 | 1990-07-13 | HYBRID WIRE FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS WITH THERMOPLASTIC MATRIX AND PROCESS FOR OBTAINING SAME. |
FR9009398 | 1990-07-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0466618A1 EP0466618A1 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
EP0466618B1 true EP0466618B1 (en) | 1995-02-22 |
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EP91420232A Expired - Lifetime EP0466618B1 (en) | 1990-07-13 | 1991-07-08 | Hybrid yarn for composite materials made from thermoplastic matrix and process for producing the same |
Country Status (8)
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US (1) | US5910361A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0466618B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE118827T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69107535T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0466618T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2068546T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2664621B1 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3015636T3 (en) |
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- 1991-07-08 ES ES91420232T patent/ES2068546T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1991-07-15 US US07/730,199 patent/US5910361A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1995
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EP0466618A1 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
ES2068546T3 (en) | 1995-04-16 |
DE69107535D1 (en) | 1995-03-30 |
FR2664621A1 (en) | 1992-01-17 |
GR3015636T3 (en) | 1995-06-30 |
ATE118827T1 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
US5910361A (en) | 1999-06-08 |
DE69107535T2 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
FR2664621B1 (en) | 1994-08-26 |
DK0466618T3 (en) | 1995-05-08 |
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