EP0464924B1 - High voltage transformer, particularly for an X-ray apparatus - Google Patents
High voltage transformer, particularly for an X-ray apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- EP0464924B1 EP0464924B1 EP91201633A EP91201633A EP0464924B1 EP 0464924 B1 EP0464924 B1 EP 0464924B1 EP 91201633 A EP91201633 A EP 91201633A EP 91201633 A EP91201633 A EP 91201633A EP 0464924 B1 EP0464924 B1 EP 0464924B1
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- Prior art keywords
- voltage transformer
- winding
- insulating
- coil
- voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/16—Cascade transformers, e.g. for use with extra high tension
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
- H01F2027/408—Association with diode or rectifier
Definitions
- the invention relates to a high-voltage transformer, in particular for an X-ray device, with a high-voltage winding which contains at least one winding held by an insulating body, the winding lying against and being connected to the insulating body with a small part of its surface, and the major part the surface of the winding is arranged at a clear distance from the walls of the insulating body.
- converter generators are used to generate the high voltage required, for which high-voltage transformers operated at frequencies of, for example, 10 kHz are required.
- Such transformers require considerably less effort for materials and production than 50 Hz transformers.
- the aim is to achieve the highest possible power densities in order to achieve higher continuous outputs for a given volume or to reduce the construction volume with the same output. Effective cooling measures must therefore be provided. Increased losses also arise when the operating frequencies are increased as additional copper losses due to power displacement.
- a winding known from FR-A-12 59 104 is completely enclosed by an insulating body. Intermediate insulations are also provided between the wires of the winding. Therefore, heat generated in the winding can be dissipated poorly.
- the invention has for its object to design an arrangement of the type mentioned in such a way that the heat can be dissipated better, so that a higher continuous output is made possible.
- the solution is achieved in that the winding is self-supporting and dimensionally stable, free of holding bodies and / or intermediate insulation elements.
- a winding designed according to the invention need not be held on all sides by walls of the insulating body.
- the winding according to the invention is held on small-area receiving areas of an insulating body, so that a considerably larger proportion of the surface of the winding remains freely accessible to coolants such as oil, a high degree of stability is obtained.
- the heat can be easily dissipated because the winding contains only a small amount of insulation.
- windings are directly wrapped in specified winding spaces of an insulating body, irregular winding structures are created due to the considerable dimensional tolerances of the winding bodies. This causes considerable variations in the winding capacities. In particular, however, turns of a layer can be pressed into an underlying layer. As a result, the layer tension acting on such a turn can multiply. In order to prevent this, intermediate insulation layers between the winding layers have hitherto been provided. This is particularly disadvantageous if relatively high operating frequencies are used, at which the secondary high voltage is distributed over considerably fewer turns. There are high winding voltages between two in a layer of adjacent windings and correspondingly higher layer voltages between the windings of layers lying one above the other. Therefore, to increase the insulation strength of the high-voltage winding, it is provided that the winding is wound orthocyclically.
- orthocyclic winding In the case of an orthocyclic winding, the individual turns run for most of their length in a plane orthogonal to the winding axis and are guided into the plane of the next turn over a small circumferential area. Appropriate winding technology ensures that each turn assumes an exactly predetermined position (cf. Philips Technische Rundschau 1962, No. 12, pages 401 to 404).
- orthocyclic coils are produced in a self-supporting manner using narrowly tolerated wrapping tools, from which they can be removed in a dimensionally stable manner after an impregnation process. It is therefore ensured that the windings have an ideally uniform structure even after integration into the high-voltage transformer. Breakdowns due to uncontrolled turns are avoided.
- the winding capacities and also the leakage inductances are practically the same for the series production units, so that these values can be included in the interaction with external capacitors used for high-voltage generation as tolerance-free fixed values.
- the winding can be held frictionally on a mandrel of an insulating body. Attachment by gluing is also possible.
- the windings are positively connected to the insulating bodies.
- a suitable positive connection can be achieved by thermal deformation of the receiving cams of the insulating body.
- An advantageous solution is characterized in that the positive connection is designed in such a way that the major part of the surface of the winding is arranged at a clear distance from adjacent walls of the insulating body. The major part of the winding surface is then exposed in contact with a coolant such as oil, so that a particularly effective cooling results.
- a coolant such as oil
- a stable self-supporting structure of the winding is achieved in that the turns of the winding are glued to adjacent turns. No glue needs to be applied during the winding process if the winding is wound from baked enameled wire, the outer insulating layer of which is made of a plastic that melts when exposed to heat and which "cakes" with the outer insulating layer of the neighboring turns.
- the high-voltage winding comprises a plurality of windings, which are held by separate insulating bodies of the same type. Then only a corresponding fraction of the total high voltage needs to be taken into account for the insulation of each winding. Narrow and high windings are particularly favorable with regard to insulation strength and heat dissipation.
- the high-voltage winding is constructed from a plurality of windings, these and the associated insulating bodies can be designed as standardized components which are suitable for a whole series of high-voltage transformers.
- the assembly of high-voltage transformers of different voltage and power series can be carried out with similar components and with a few simple steps.
- two windings are provided on an insulating body. If the two windings are arranged on both sides of a separating flange of the insulating body, the two windings are separated in terms of insulation and only need to be insulated with regard to the voltage applied to each winding.
- the high-voltage winding is made up of several identical windings, their voltages can be connected in series directly or after rectification.
- the required electrical connections can be made particularly simply in that the insulating bodies have plug-in connection elements for the electrical connection with similar neighboring insulating bodies.
- the insulating bodies have projections arranged radially on the outside, on which electrical components such as capacitors, resistors and rectifiers are fastened and connected to windings carried by the insulating body.
- the components to be electrically connected with a winding or a pair of windings are then in the immediate vicinity of the windings, so that there are short connection paths.
- the outlay on insulation is reduced because the insulation sections dimensioned for the windings are also sufficient for the components which are stressed in the same way.
- the radial lugs can be components of the insulating body or else separate components such as, in particular, printed circuit boards.
- the electrical components can be designed conventionally or as SMD elements.
- a damping resistor to be arranged in the circuit of an X-ray tube is arranged in the form of partial resistors distributed over the approaches of the individual insulating bodies.
- the material, the shape and the production method of the insulating body can be chosen freely with regard to good insulation strength.
- Insulating bodies with windings can easily be assembled as modules of the same type to form a high-voltage winding if the insulating bodies have interlocking elements for mutual, in particular latching, connection.
- One leg of the two-part ferromagnetic core 1 carries the primary winding 3 wound on an injection-molded bobbin 2 and the secondary high-voltage winding 4, which comprises a plurality of coils 5 of the same structure.
- Two windings 5 each form a winding module 7 with an insulating body 6 carrying them.
- a number of winding modules 7 of the same structure are lined up on an insulating support sleeve 9, separated by intermediate insulating washers 8.
- the electrical switching elements 13 are assigned to the windings 5 of each insulating body 6 which are connected in series. These are in particular diodes for rectifying the alternating voltage of the winding 5 and any smoothing capacitors that may be required.
- the Direct voltages of the modules 7 form the secondary direct high voltage for operating an X-ray tube in series connection.
- partial damping resistors are also arranged on the support segment 12.
- the damping resistance required in the circuit of an X-ray tube to prevent excessive anode currents is divided into a number of partial resistors corresponding to the number of modules 7, the insulation of which must only be measured for a fraction of the total high voltage. While previously there had to be space for a single damping resistor which was dimensioned to be complex and of large volume, in the case of the inexpensive embodiment according to the invention only a minimal installation space is required. External and high-voltage-proof switching connections are not required.
- FIG. 1a shows, on an enlarged scale, a cross section through a support body 6 and the windings 5 arranged thereon in the region of the transformer core window (on the left in FIG. 1).
- the cross section of the support body is double-T-shaped and forms two ring segment chambers which accommodate the winding 5.
- the windings 5 are self-supporting and orthocyclically wound according to the invention. They were wrapped out of baked enamel wire in a dimensionally accurate winding tool with precisely specified winding routing. The caking can take place during the winding, for example by hot air or infrared radiation, or after the winding by heating. The windings 5 were then removed from the winding form as dimensionally stable units.
- the windings are pushed onto three narrow support cams 14 of the insulating body 6 molded from thermoplastic material and fixed by melting the material of the supporting cams (elevation 15) at a free distance from the walls of the insulating body 6. In this way, almost the entire surface of the winding 5 is free for circulating oil which cools by convection.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
- Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Hochspannungstransformator, insbesondere für ein Röntgengerät, mit einer Hochspannungswicklung, welche mindestens einen von einem Isoliekörper gehaltenen Wickel enthält, wobei der Wickel mit einem geringen Teil seiner Oberfläche am Isolierkörper anliegt und mit ihm verbunden ist, und wobei der überwiegende Teil der Oberfläche des Wickels mit freiem Abstand zu Wandungen des Isolierkörpers angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a high-voltage transformer, in particular for an X-ray device, with a high-voltage winding which contains at least one winding held by an insulating body, the winding lying against and being connected to the insulating body with a small part of its surface, and the major part the surface of the winding is arranged at a clear distance from the walls of the insulating body.
Insbesondere für Röntgengeräte werden zur Erzeugung der benötigten Hochspannung sogenannte Konvertgeneratoren verwendet, für welche mit Frequenzen von beispielsweise 10 kHz betriebene Hochspannungstransformatoren benötigt werden. Solche Transformatoren erfordern erheblich weniger Aufwand für Material und Fertigung als 50 Hz-Transformatoren. Man strebt möglichst hohe Leistungsdichten an, um bei gegebenem Volumen höhere Dauerleistungen zu erzielen oder das Bauvolumen bei gleicher Leistung zu verkleinern. Deshalb müssen effektive Maßnahmen zur Kühlung vorgesehen werden. Erhöhte Verluste entstehen auch bei Erhöhung der Betriebsfrequenzen als Kupfer-Zusatzverluste infolge Stromverdrängung.In particular for X-ray devices, so-called converter generators are used to generate the high voltage required, for which high-voltage transformers operated at frequencies of, for example, 10 kHz are required. Such transformers require considerably less effort for materials and production than 50 Hz transformers. The aim is to achieve the highest possible power densities in order to achieve higher continuous outputs for a given volume or to reduce the construction volume with the same output. Effective cooling measures must therefore be provided. Increased losses also arise when the operating frequencies are increased as additional copper losses due to power displacement.
Bei einem durch die EP-A 84 912 bekannten Hochspannungstransformators sind Drahtwindungen der Wickelkörper direkt in Wickelkammern von Isolierkörpern eingewickelt. Solche Isolierkörper werden üblicherweise aus Gießharz hergestellt. Nahezu der gesamte Wickel ist von schlecht Wärme leitendem Material umschlossen. Infolgedessen entsteht bei hoher Verlustleistungsdichte ein Wärmestau im Wickel und im Isolierkörper, welche deshalb thermisch hoch beansprucht werden.In a high-voltage transformer known from EP-A 84 912, wire windings of the winding bodies are directly wrapped in winding chambers of insulating bodies. Such insulating bodies are usually made of cast resin. Almost the entire winding is surrounded by poorly heat-conducting material. As a result, with high power loss density, heat build-up in the winding and in the insulating body, which is therefore subject to high thermal stress.
Ein durch die FR-A-12 59 104 bekannter Wickel ist vollständig von einem Isolierkörper eingeschlossen. Auch zwischen Drähten des Wickels sind Zwischenisolierungen vorgesehen. Deshalb kann im Wickel entstehende Wärme schlecht abgeführt werden.A winding known from FR-A-12 59 104 is completely enclosed by an insulating body. Intermediate insulations are also provided between the wires of the winding. Therefore, heat generated in the winding can be dissipated poorly.
Eine Anordnung der eingangs genannten Art ist durch SU-A-13 72 391 bekannt. Über den Aufbau eines dort schematisch angedeuteten Wickels ist nichts ausgesagt.An arrangement of the type mentioned is known from SU-A-13 72 391. Nothing is said about the structure of a winding schematically indicated there.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Anordnung der eingangs genannten Art derart zu gestalten, daß die Wärme besser abgeführt werden kann, so daß eine höhere Dauerleistung ermöglicht wird.The invention has for its object to design an arrangement of the type mentioned in such a way that the heat can be dissipated better, so that a higher continuous output is made possible.
Die Lösung gelingt dadurch, daß der Wickel frei von Haltekörpern und/oder Zwischenisolationselementen selbsttragend und formstabil gewickelt ist.The solution is achieved in that the winding is self-supporting and dimensionally stable, free of holding bodies and / or intermediate insulation elements.
Ein erfindungsgemäß gestalteter Wickel braucht nicht allseitig von Wandungen des Isolierkörpers gehalten zu werden. Obgleich der erfindungsgemäße Wickel an kleinflächigen Aufnahmebereichen eines Isolierkörpers gehalten ist, so daß ein erheblich größerer Anteil der Oberfläche des Wickels frei für Kühlmittel wie z.B. öl zugänglich bleibt, ergibt sich eine hohe Stabilität. Da der Wickel nur wenig Isoliermaterial enthält, kann die Wärme gut abgeführt werden.A winding designed according to the invention need not be held on all sides by walls of the insulating body. Although the winding according to the invention is held on small-area receiving areas of an insulating body, so that a considerably larger proportion of the surface of the winding remains freely accessible to coolants such as oil, a high degree of stability is obtained. The heat can be easily dissipated because the winding contains only a small amount of insulation.
Wenn Windungen in vorgegebene Windungsräume eines Isolierkörpers direkt eingewickelt werden, entstehen wegen der erheblichen Abmessungstoleranzen der Wickelkörper unregelmäßige Wicklungsaufbauten. Dadurch werden erhebliche Streuungen der Wicklungskapazitäten verursacht. Insbesondere können aber Windungen einer Lage in eine darunterliegende Lage gedrückt werden. Dadurch kann sich die auf eine solche Windung wirkende Lagenspannung vervielfachen. Um das zu verhindern, wurden bisher Zwischenisolationsschichten zwischen den Windungslagen vorgesehen. Das wirkt sich insbesondere dann nachteilig aus, wenn relativ hohe Betriebsfrequenzen verwendet werden, bei welchen sich die sekundäre Hochspannung auf erheblich weniger Windungen verteilt. Es ergeben sich hohe Windungsspannungen zwischen zwei in einer Lage benachbarten Windungen und entsprechend auch höhere Lagespannungen zwischen den Windungen übereinanderliegender Lagen. Deshalb ist zur Erhöhung der Isolationsfestigkeit der Hochspannungswicklung vorgesehen, daß der Wickel orthozyklisch gewickelt ist.If windings are directly wrapped in specified winding spaces of an insulating body, irregular winding structures are created due to the considerable dimensional tolerances of the winding bodies. This causes considerable variations in the winding capacities. In particular, however, turns of a layer can be pressed into an underlying layer. As a result, the layer tension acting on such a turn can multiply. In order to prevent this, intermediate insulation layers between the winding layers have hitherto been provided. This is particularly disadvantageous if relatively high operating frequencies are used, at which the secondary high voltage is distributed over considerably fewer turns. There are high winding voltages between two in a layer of adjacent windings and correspondingly higher layer voltages between the windings of layers lying one above the other. Therefore, to increase the insulation strength of the high-voltage winding, it is provided that the winding is wound orthocyclically.
Bei einer orthozyklischen Wicklung verlaufen die einzelnen Windungen auf dem größten Teil ihrer Länge in einer zur Wickelachse orthogonalen Ebene und werden auf einem kleinen Umfangsbereich in die Ebene der nächsten Windung geführt. Durch entsprechende Wickeltechnik wird erreicht, daß jede Windung eine genau vorbestimmte Lage einnimmt (vgl. Philips Technische Rundschau 1962, Nr. 12, Seiten 401 bis 404). Erfindungsgemäß werden orthozyklische Wickel selbsttragend unter Verwendung von eng tolerierten Einwickelwerkzeugen hergestellt, aus welchen sie beispielsweise nach einem Tränkvorgang formstabil entnommen werden können. Es ist deshalb sichergestellt, daß die Wickel auch nach der Integration in den Hochspannungstransformator einen ideal gleichmäßigen Aufbau haben. Durchschläge infolge unkontrolliert verlaufender Windungen sind vermieden. Die Wicklungskapazitäten und auch die Streuinduktivitäten sind bei den Exemplaren einer Serienfertigung praktisch gleich, so daß diese Werte im Zusammenwirken mit zur Hochspannungserzeugung verwendeten externen Kondensatoren als toleranzlose Festwerte eingerechnet werden können.In the case of an orthocyclic winding, the individual turns run for most of their length in a plane orthogonal to the winding axis and are guided into the plane of the next turn over a small circumferential area. Appropriate winding technology ensures that each turn assumes an exactly predetermined position (cf. Philips Technische Rundschau 1962, No. 12, pages 401 to 404). According to the invention, orthocyclic coils are produced in a self-supporting manner using narrowly tolerated wrapping tools, from which they can be removed in a dimensionally stable manner after an impregnation process. It is therefore ensured that the windings have an ideally uniform structure even after integration into the high-voltage transformer. Breakdowns due to uncontrolled turns are avoided. The winding capacities and also the leakage inductances are practically the same for the series production units, so that these values can be included in the interaction with external capacitors used for high-voltage generation as tolerance-free fixed values.
Der Wickel kann reibschlüssig auf einem Dorn eines Isolierkörpers gehalten sein. Weiterhin ist eine Befestigung durch Kleben möglich.The winding can be held frictionally on a mandrel of an insulating body. Attachment by gluing is also possible.
Bei einer bevorzugten einfachen Ausführungsart ist vorgesehen, daß die Wickel formschlüssig mit den Isolierkörpern verbunden sind. Ein geeigneter Formschluß kann durch thermische Verformung von Aufnahmenocken des Isolierkörpers erreicht werden.In a preferred simple embodiment, it is provided that the windings are positively connected to the insulating bodies. A suitable positive connection can be achieved by thermal deformation of the receiving cams of the insulating body.
Eine vorteilhafte Lösung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die formschlüssige Verbindung derart gestaltet ist, daß der überwiegende Teil der Oberfläche des Wickels mit lichtem Abstand zu benachbarten Wandungen des Isolierkörpers angeordnet ist. Der überwiegende Teil der Wickeloberfläche liegt dann frei im Kontakt mit einem Kühlmittel wie insbesondere Öl, so daß sich eine besonders wirksame Kühlung ergibt.An advantageous solution is characterized in that the positive connection is designed in such a way that the major part of the surface of the winding is arranged at a clear distance from adjacent walls of the insulating body. The major part of the winding surface is then exposed in contact with a coolant such as oil, so that a particularly effective cooling results.
Ein stabiler selbsttragender Aufbau des Wickels wird dadurch erreicht, daß die Windungen des Wickels mit benachbarten Windungen verklebt sind. Beim Wickelvorgang braucht kein Kleber aufgetragen zu werden, wenn der Wickel aus Backlackdraht gewickelt wird, dessen äußere Isolierschicht aus einem bei Wärmeeinwirkung schmelzenden Kunststoff besteht, welcher mit der äußeren Isolierschicht der Nachbarwindungen "verbackt". Vorzugsweise ist vorgesehen, daß die Hochspannungswicklung mehrere Wickel umfaßt, welche von separaten gleichartigen Isolierkörpern gehalten sind. Dann braucht für die Isolation jedes Wickels nur ein entsprechender Bruchteil der gesamten Hochspannung berücksichtigt zu werden. Schmale und hohe Wickel sind hinsichtlich Isolationsfestigkelt und Wärmeabfuhr besonders günstig.A stable self-supporting structure of the winding is achieved in that the turns of the winding are glued to adjacent turns. No glue needs to be applied during the winding process if the winding is wound from baked enameled wire, the outer insulating layer of which is made of a plastic that melts when exposed to heat and which "cakes" with the outer insulating layer of the neighboring turns. It is preferably provided that the high-voltage winding comprises a plurality of windings, which are held by separate insulating bodies of the same type. Then only a corresponding fraction of the total high voltage needs to be taken into account for the insulation of each winding. Narrow and high windings are particularly favorable with regard to insulation strength and heat dissipation.
Wenn die Hochspannungswicklung aus mehreren Wickeln aufgebaut ist, können diese und die zugehörigen Isolierkörper als standardisierte Bauelemente ausgebildet sein, die für eine ganze Baureihe von Hochspannungstransformatoren geeignet sind. Die Montage von Hochspannungstransformatoren verschiedener Spannungs- und Leistungsreihen kann mit gleichartigen Bauteilen und mit wenigen Handgriffen durchgeführt werden.If the high-voltage winding is constructed from a plurality of windings, these and the associated insulating bodies can be designed as standardized components which are suitable for a whole series of high-voltage transformers. The assembly of high-voltage transformers of different voltage and power series can be carried out with similar components and with a few simple steps.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Lösung sind auf einem Isolierkörper zwei Wickel vorgesehen. Wenn die beiden Wickel beidseitig eines Trennflansches des Isolierkörpers angeordnet sind, sind beide Wickel isolationsmäßig getrennt und brauchen nur im Hinblick auf die an jeden Wickel anliegende Spannung isoliert zu werden.According to an advantageous solution, two windings are provided on an insulating body. If the two windings are arranged on both sides of a separating flange of the insulating body, the two windings are separated in terms of insulation and only need to be insulated with regard to the voltage applied to each winding.
Wenn die Hochspannungswicklung aus mehreren gleichartigen Wickeln aufgebaut ist, können deren Spannungen direkt oder nach Gleichrichtung in Reihe geschaltet werden. Die erforderlichen elektrischen Verbindungen können dadurch besonders einfach hergestellt werden, daß die Isolierkörper Steckanschlußelemente zur elektrischen Verbindung mit gleichartigen benachbarten Isolierkörpern aufweisen.If the high-voltage winding is made up of several identical windings, their voltages can be connected in series directly or after rectification. The required electrical connections can be made particularly simply in that the insulating bodies have plug-in connection elements for the electrical connection with similar neighboring insulating bodies.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß die Isolierkörper radial außen angeordnete Ansätze aufweisen, auf denen elektrische Bauelemente wie Kondensatoren, Widerstände und Gleichrichter befestigt und mit vom Isolierkörper getragenen Wickeln verschaltet sind. Die mit einem Wickel oder einem Paar von Wickeln elektrisch zu verbindenen Bauelemente befinden sich dann in unmittelbarer Nähe der Wickel, so daß sich kurze Verbindungswege ergeben. Der Isolationsaufwand ist verringert, weil die für die Wickel bemessenen Isolierstrecken ebenfalls für die in gleicher Weise spannungsbeanspruchten Bauelemente genügen.In an advantageous development of the invention it is provided that the insulating bodies have projections arranged radially on the outside, on which electrical components such as capacitors, resistors and rectifiers are fastened and connected to windings carried by the insulating body. The components to be electrically connected with a winding or a pair of windings are then in the immediate vicinity of the windings, so that there are short connection paths. The outlay on insulation is reduced because the insulation sections dimensioned for the windings are also sufficient for the components which are stressed in the same way.
Die radialen Ansätze können Bestandteile der Isolierkörper oder auch separate Bauteile wie insbesondere Leiterplatten sein. Die elektrischen Bauelemente können konventionell oder als SMD-Elemente ausgeführt sein.The radial lugs can be components of the insulating body or else separate components such as, in particular, printed circuit boards. The electrical components can be designed conventionally or as SMD elements.
Gemäß einer besonders vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß ein im Stromkreis einer Röntgenröhre anzuordnender Dämpfungswiderstand in Form von Teilwiderständen auf die Ansätze der einzelnen Isolierkörper verteilt angeordnet ist. Bisher war es üblich, einen einzigen Dämpfungswiderstand vorzusehen, dessen Isolation dann für die gesamte Hochspannung bemessen werden mußte. Es ergaben sich aufwendige und voluminöse Dämpfungswiderstände. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wirkt auf die Teilwiderstände nur ein entsprechender Anteil der Hochspannung. Deren Isolation kann schwächer bemessen sein. Wegen der geringen Baugröße lassen sie sich problemlos in an den Isolierkörpern angeordneten Halterungen unterbringen, da die vorhandenen Isolierstrecken gemeinsam genutzt werden können.According to a particularly advantageous development of the invention, it is provided that a damping resistor to be arranged in the circuit of an X-ray tube is arranged in the form of partial resistors distributed over the approaches of the individual insulating bodies. Until now it was common to provide a single damping resistor, the insulation of which then had to be dimensioned for the entire high voltage. There were complex and voluminous damping resistances. In the solution according to the invention, only a corresponding proportion of the high voltage acts on the partial resistors. Their insulation can be weaker. Because of their small size, they can be easily accommodated in brackets arranged on the insulating bodies, since the existing insulating sections can be shared.
Das Material, die Form und die Herstellungsweise der Isolierkörper können frei im Hinblick auf gute Isolationsfestigkeit gewählt werden.The material, the shape and the production method of the insulating body can be chosen freely with regard to good insulation strength.
Isolierkörper mit Wickeln können als gleichartige Module einfach zu einer Hochspannungswicklung zusammengesetzt werden, wenn die Isolierkörper Formschlußelemente zur gegenseitigen, insbesondere rastenden Verbindung aufweisen.Insulating bodies with windings can easily be assembled as modules of the same type to form a high-voltage winding if the insulating bodies have interlocking elements for mutual, in particular latching, connection.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der Beschreibung eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.
- Fig. 1
- zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch eine auf einen U-Kern aufgebrachte Wicklung eines Hochspannungstransformators für ein Röntgengerät.
- Fig. 1a
- zeigt in vergrößertem Maßstab einen Querschnitt durch einen mit Wickeln versehenen Isolierkörper.
- Fig. 2
- zeigt einen Querschnitt A-A durch die Anordnung nach Fig. 1.
- Fig. 1
- shows a longitudinal section through a winding of a high-voltage transformer for an X-ray device applied to a U-core.
- Fig. 1a
- shows on an enlarged scale a cross section through an insulated body provided with coils.
- Fig. 2
- shows a cross section AA through the arrangement of FIG. 1st
Ein Schenkel des zweiteiligen ferromagnetischen Kerns 1 trägt die auf einen Spritzgußspulenkörper 2 gewickelte Primärwicklung 3 und die sekundäre Hochspannungswicklung 4, welche eine Mehrzahl von gleich aufgebauten Wickeln 5 umfaßt. Je zwei Wickel 5 bilden mit einem sie tragenden Isolierkörper 6 ein Wicklungsmodul 7. Eine Anzahl von gleich aufgebauten solchen Wicklungsmodulen 7 ist, getrennt durch Zwischenisolierscheiben 8, auf einer isolierenden Traghülse 9 aufgereiht.One leg of the two-part
An die Isolierkörper 6 sind radial außen Ansätze 10 angeformt, welche eine Ringsegmentkammer 11 bilden, in welcher ein elektrische Schaltelemente 13 aufnehmendes Tragsegment 12 befestigt ist. Die Schaltelemente 13 sind in Fig. 2 nicht eingezeichnet.On the insulating
Die elektrischen Schaltelemente 13 sind den in Reihe geschalteten Wickeln 5 eines jeden Isolierkörpers 6 zugeordnet. Es handelt sich insbesondere um Dioden zur Gleichrichtung der Wechselspannung der Wickel 5 und um gegebenenfalls erforderliche Glättungskondensatoren. Die Gleichspannungen der Module 7 bilden in Reihenschaltung die sekundäre Gleich-Hochspannung zum Betrieb einer Röntgenröhre.The
Zusätzlich sind auf dem Tragsegment 12 auch Dämpfungs-Teilwiderstände angeordnet. Der im Stromkreis einer Röntgenröhre zur Verhinderung zu hoher Anodenströme erforderliche Dämpfungswiderstand ist auf eine der Anzahl der Module 7 entsprechende Anzahl von Teilwiderständen aufgeteilt, deren Isolationen jeweils nur für einen Bruchteil der gesamten Hochspannung bemessen werden müssen. Während bisher Platz vorhanden sein mußte für einen einzigen aufwendig und großvolumig dimensionierten Dämpfungswiderstand, wird bei der erfindungsgemäßen kostengünstigen Ausführung nur noch ein kaum ins Gewicht fallender Einbauraum benötigt. Externe und hochspannungsfeste Schaltverbindungen entfallen.In addition, partial damping resistors are also arranged on the
Fig. 1a zeigt in vergrößertem Maßstab einen Querschnitt durch einen Tragkörper 6 und die darauf angeordneten Wickel 5 im Bereich des Transformatorkernfensters (links in Figur 1).
Der Querschnitt der Tragkörper ist doppel-T-förmig und bildet zwei die Wickel 5 aufnehmende Ringsegmentkammern. Die Wickel 5 sind erfindungsgemäß selbsttragend und orthozyklisch gewickelt. Sie wurden aus Backlackdraht in ein maßgenaues Wickelwerkzeug mit präzise vorgegebener Windungsführung eingewickelt. Die Verbackung kann während des Wickelns, beispielsweise durch Heißluft oder Infrarotstrahlung, oder nach dem Wickeln durch Erwärmung erfolgen. Anschließend wurden die Wickel 5 der Wickelform als formstabile Einheiten entnommen.1a shows, on an enlarged scale, a cross section through a
The cross section of the support body is double-T-shaped and forms two ring segment chambers which accommodate the winding 5. The
Die Wickel sind auf drei schmale Tragnocken 14 des aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff gespritzten Isolierkörpers 6 aufgeschoben und durch Anschmelzen des Materials der Tragnocken (Erhöhung 15) in freiem Abstand zu Wandungen des Isolierkörpers 6 fixiert. Derart ist nahezu die gesamte Oberfläche des Wickels 5 frei für umströmendes, durch Konvektion kühlendes Öl.The windings are pushed onto three
Claims (13)
- A high-voltage transformer, particularly for an X-ray apparatus, comprising a high-voltage winding (4) which comprises at least one coil (5) which is supported by an insulating member (6), a small part of the surface of the coil contacting the insulating member (6) and being connected thereto, the major part of the surface of the coil being arranged so as to be clear from walls of the insulating member (6) characterized in that the coil (5) is wound so as to be self-supporting and have a stable shape without requiring the use of supporting members and/or intermediate insulating elements.
- A high-voltage transformer as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the coil (5) is orthocyclically wound.
- A high-voltage transformer as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coil (5) is form-locked to the insulating member (6).
- A high-voltage transformer as claimed in any one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the turns of the coil (5) are bonded to neighbouring turns.
- A high-voltage transformer as claimed in Claim 4, characterized in that the coil (5) is wound using baking enamelled wire.
- A high-voltage transformer as claimed in any one of the Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the high-voltage winding (4) comprises a plurality of coils (5) which are supported by separate, similar insulating members (6).
- A high-voltage transformer as claimed in any one of the Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that two coils (5) are provided on one insulating member (6).
- A high-voltage transformer as claimed in Claim 7, characterized in that the two coils (5) are situated one to each side of a separating flange (16) of the insulating member (6).
- A high-voltage transformer as claimed in any one of the Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the insulating members comprise connector elements for electrical connection to similar, neighbouring insulating members (6).
- A high-voltage transformer as claimed in any one of the Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the insulating members (6) comprise radially extending, external projections (12) on which electrical components (13) such as capacitors, resistors and rectifiers, are mounted and wired to coils (5) supported by the insulating member (6).
- A high-voltage transformer as claimed in Claim 10, characterized in that a damping resistor which is to be included in the circuit of an X-ray tube is distributed in the form of sub-resistors which are mounted on the projections (10) of the individual insulating members (6).
- A high-voltage transformer as claimed in any one of the Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the insulating members (6) are injection-moulded components.
- A high-voltage transformer as claimed in any one of the Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the insulating members (6) comprise form-locking elements for interconnection, notably a latching connection.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4021585A DE4021585A1 (en) | 1990-07-06 | 1990-07-06 | HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER, ESPECIALLY FOR A X-RAY DEVICE |
| DE4021585 | 1990-07-06 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0464924A1 EP0464924A1 (en) | 1992-01-08 |
| EP0464924B1 true EP0464924B1 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
Family
ID=6409804
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91201633A Expired - Lifetime EP0464924B1 (en) | 1990-07-06 | 1991-06-27 | High voltage transformer, particularly for an X-ray apparatus |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5225803A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0464924B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3490098B2 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4021585A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5576681A (en) * | 1990-12-10 | 1996-11-19 | Deutsche Thomson-Brandt Gmbh | High voltage transformer |
| EP0585597B1 (en) * | 1992-08-04 | 1999-05-12 | Deutsche Thomson-Brandt Gmbh | High voltage line transformer for a TV receiver |
| DE4343930C2 (en) * | 1993-05-04 | 1996-07-18 | Siemens Ag | X-ray generator |
| US5594402A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 1997-01-14 | International Power Group, Inc. | High voltage isolating transformer module |
| FR2752642B1 (en) * | 1996-08-20 | 1998-11-06 | Thomson Csf | TRANSFORMER-RECTIFIER T.H.T. FOR SURFACE MOUNTING |
| US6760206B2 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2004-07-06 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Current sensor supporting structure |
| EP1794765A1 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2007-06-13 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards GmbH | Transformer |
| RU2435242C2 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2011-11-27 | Конинклейке Филипс Электроникс Н.В. | High-voltage transformer |
| US7903432B2 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2011-03-08 | General Electric Company | High-voltage power generation system and package |
| WO2012000984A1 (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2012-01-05 | Abb Technology Ag | Coil for transformers made from coil segments with locking means |
| JP6400710B2 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2018-10-03 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェＫｏｎｉｎｋｌｉｊｋｅ Ｐｈｉｌｉｐｓ Ｎ．Ｖ． | High voltage transformer including a coil bobbin for carrying a high voltage winding |
| CN106328344B (en) | 2014-06-23 | 2018-08-31 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | Ct apparatus |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1259104A (en) * | 1960-05-03 | 1961-04-21 | Philips Nv | Winding and its manufacturing process |
| US3665288A (en) * | 1970-09-02 | 1972-05-23 | Zenith Radio Corp | Television sweep transformer |
| BE791522A (en) * | 1971-11-18 | 1973-03-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER ASSOCIATED WITH A HORIZONTAL DIVIATION CIRCUIT |
| US4338657A (en) * | 1974-05-21 | 1982-07-06 | Lisin Vladimir N | High-voltage transformer-rectifier device |
| NL7713118A (en) * | 1977-11-29 | 1979-05-31 | Philips Nv | HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER. |
| NL8200233A (en) * | 1982-01-22 | 1983-08-16 | Philips Nv | HIGH-VOLTAGE GENERATOR FOR AN X-RAY GENERATOR. |
| DE3311775C1 (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1984-06-20 | Deutsche Thomson-Brandt Gmbh, 7730 Villingen-Schwenningen | Electron beam deflection transformer |
| US4609900A (en) * | 1984-06-26 | 1986-09-02 | Bruno Bachhofer | High-voltage transformer with liquid cooling |
| DE3605629A1 (en) * | 1986-02-21 | 1987-09-03 | Koch & Sterzel Kg | HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER |
| SU1372391A1 (en) * | 1986-07-30 | 1988-02-07 | Ленинградское научно-производственное объединение "Буревестник" | Cascade voltage multiplier |
| US4967121A (en) * | 1987-05-27 | 1990-10-30 | Rca Licensing Corporation | Isolating high voltage transformer for video apparatus |
| US4982498A (en) * | 1987-12-03 | 1991-01-08 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of making a high-voltage transformer |
| DE3929888A1 (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1991-03-14 | Philips Patentverwaltung | X-RAY GENERATOR FOR THE OPERATION OF AN X-RAY TUBE WITH TUBE PARTS CONNECTED TO GROUND |
-
1990
- 1990-07-06 DE DE4021585A patent/DE4021585A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-06-27 DE DE59104941T patent/DE59104941D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-06-27 EP EP91201633A patent/EP0464924B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-03 US US07/725,149 patent/US5225803A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-07-03 JP JP16269191A patent/JP3490098B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4021585A1 (en) | 1992-01-09 |
| EP0464924A1 (en) | 1992-01-08 |
| JPH04233206A (en) | 1992-08-21 |
| US5225803A (en) | 1993-07-06 |
| JP3490098B2 (en) | 2004-01-26 |
| DE59104941D1 (en) | 1995-04-20 |
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