EP0464441A1 - Method and apparatus for cleaning cotton fibres - Google Patents

Abstract

The method described makes it possible to adapt the fibre cleaning process in a fibre cleaning machine in which fibre tufts move in a stream around a rotating cleaning roller, which cleans and opens out the tufts, to fibres of differing provenance and to the increasing degree of opening of the tufts as the process continues; to render the stream of fibres being cleaned largely controlled and controllable by decoupling it from the dynamics of the transport streams, which supply material to and remove it from the cleaning process; and to compensate fluctuations in this stream of fibres being cleaned and in the material being supplied for cleaning by controlling the intensity of cleaning as largely as possible, so that the tufts of fibre emerging from the cleaning process are of constant quality in having been optimally cleaned and opened. The invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method described. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention is in the field of textile technology and relates to a method for cleaning cotton fibers and for guiding a good fiber flow, the guiding of the good fiber flow to increase the process performance with regard to cleaning and to reduce the disturbances in the flow. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device according to the preamble of the main device claim for carrying out the method, which increases the process intensity, extends the process path (with the same machine dimensions) and reduces the process-inherent disturbances. The term process means the cleaning and good fiber guidance as well as the contamination discharge process.

Cotton fiber cleaning machines nowadays generally work pneumatically / mechanically, in that they guide the fiber flakes in an air stream around a roller equipped with mechanical cleaning elements (cleaning or opening roller) and at the same time past stationary mechanical cleaning elements. This means that the cotton fibers are conveyed by pneumatic means, brought to the cleaning elements and conveyed away from there again, and the cotton fibers are cleaned in between by mechanical means. This interaction between pneumatics and mechanics can be mastered under certain conditions in the operation of the conveying pneumatics, but has the disadvantage of combining the conveying function with the cleaning function in that the air flow with unpurified fibers moves from a section in which the conveying function predominates into a section reached, in which the function of cleaning predominates and the function of funding disappears in a common process function until it changes back to the function of funding in a subsequent section.

The task now is that the transition points from one function to the other must be designed in such a way that the funding does not interfere with the intended process function of cleaning, that is, any disturbance behavior from the funding function must be "filtered out". This also applies to the transition from the process function back to the conveying function and also to the discharge of contaminants from the process function.

The process function extends over a section that can be called a performance path. The performance path is linked to the length of time or dwell time of the process goods in the process section. The process performance thus results from the length of the performance path and the process intensity along this performance path. It is not necessary for the process intensity to be the same over the entire performance path, it can rather decrease or increase or remain the same. In this way, a variable cleaning power (cleaning intensity) can be achieved, which can be more or less intensive depending on the provenance of the goods.

• - Mittel zur Führung des Reinigungsstromes im Prozessabschnitt müssen geschaffen werden, welche eine Verlängerung der Verweilzeit des Fasergutes im Prozessabschnitt erlauben.
• - Mittel zur Anpassung der Reinigungsintensität bzw. der Auflösewirkung an dem zu reinigenden Fasergut und an dem auf dem Reinigungsweg fortschreitenden Auflösegrad des zu reinigenden Fasergutes müssen geschaffen werden.
• - Mittel zur Feineinstellung der Reinigungsintensität müssen geschaffen werden, um dadurch beispielsweise während dem Ablauf des Verfahrens die Reinigungsintensität und die Auflösewirkung verändern zu können.
• - Austragskammern für den Verunreinigungsaustrag müssen geschaffen werden, welche Störeinflüsse derart "aussieben", dass der optimal ablaufende Reinigungsvorgang stets erhalten bleibt.
• - Eine Einleitkammer für den Prozesseingang und eine Ausleitkammer für den Prozessausgang müssen geschaffen werden. Diese Kammern müssen Störeinflüsse "aussieben" und die Reinigung nach Möglichkeit auch noch unterstützen durch beispielsweise Abscheidung feiner, staubförmiger Verunreinigungen vom Fasermaterial.

This results in a number of individual tasks that have to be solved by the invention combined to form an overall task or overall function or that have to be mastered in terms of the process. These individual tasks to improve the dissolving and cleaning function on the fiber flakes are as follows:

• - Means for guiding the cleaning flow in the process section must be created, which allow an extension of the dwell time of the fiber material in the process section.
• - Means for adapting the cleaning intensity or the dissolving effect on the fiber material to be cleaned and on the progressive degree of dissolution of the fiber material to be cleaned must be created.
• - Means for fine adjustment of the cleaning intensity must be created in order to be able to change the cleaning intensity and the dissolving effect, for example, during the course of the method.
• - Discharge chambers for the discharge of impurities must be created, which "screen out" interferences in such a way that the optimally running cleaning process is always maintained.
• - An inlet chamber for the process inlet and an outlet chamber for the process outlet must be created. These chambers must "screen out" interferences and, if possible, also support cleaning by, for example, separating fine, dust-like impurities from the fiber material.

The overall problem is solved by the invention.

• Figur 1 zeigt schematisch den Reinigungsprozess in Black-box-Darstellung mit einem Eingang "Faserstrom ungereinigt", mit einem Ausgang "Faserstrom gereinigt" und einem weiteren Ausgang "Verunreinigungsaustrag".
• Figuren 2. und 2.1 a/b zeigen schematisch den Reinigungsprozess in Verfahrensstufen aufgegliedert und eine schematische Lokalisierung der entsprechenden Verfahrensstufen in einer Faserreinigungsmaschine sowie deren Antrieb.
• Figuren 3, 3.1 und 3.2 zeigen vorrichtungsmässige Massnahmen zur Führung des Reinigungsstromes um die Walze (Obj. 846, Figuren 2, 1 und 3),
• Figuren 4, 4.1 und 4.2 zeigen vorrichtungsmässige Massnahmen zur Erzielung von zu- oder abnehmender Reinigungsintensität im Reinigungsstrom,
• Figuren 5 und 5.1 zeigen vorrichtungsmässige Massnahmen zur Steuerung der Reinigungsintensität im Reinigungsstrom (beispielsweise während des Reinigungsprozesses,
• Figuren 6 und 6.1 zeigen vorrichtungsmässige Massnahmen am Ausgang des Verunreinigungsaustrags im unteren Teil der Maschine,
• Figuren 7, 7.1 und 7.2 zeigen vorrichtungsmässige Massnahmen am Ausgang des Verunreinigungsaustrages im oberen Teil der Maschine und vorrichtungsmässige Massnahmen für Ein-und Auslass des Fasergutes.
• Figur 7.3 zeigt eine Variante der Vorrichtung der Figuren 7,71 und 7.2.
• Figuren 8 bis 11 zeigen weitere erfindungsgemässe verfahrens- und vorrichtungsmässige Massnahmen zur Steuerung der Reinigungsintensität im Reinigungsstrom und zum Vollzug der Schnittstelle am Eingang und Ausgang der Maschine.

The inventive procedure is now discussed in detail with the aid of the figures listed below.

• Figure 1 shows schematically the cleaning process in a black box representation with an input "fiber stream uncleaned", with an output "fiber stream cleaned" and a further output "contamination discharge".
• Figures 2. and 2.1 a / b show schematically the cleaning process broken down into process steps and a schematic localization of the corresponding process steps in a fiber cleaning machine and their drive.
• Figures 3, 3.1 and 3.2 show device-like measures for guiding the cleaning current around the roller (Obj. 846, Figures 2, 1 and 3),
• Figures 4, 4.1 and 4.2 show device-like measures to achieve increasing or decreasing cleaning intensity in the cleaning stream,
• FIGS. 5 and 5.1 show device-like measures for controlling the cleaning intensity in the cleaning stream (for example during the cleaning process,
• FIGS. 6 and 6.1 show device-like measures at the outlet of the contamination discharge in the lower part of the machine,
• FIGS. 7, 7.1 and 7.2 show device-like measures at the outlet of the contamination discharge in the upper part of the machine and device-like measures for the inlet and outlet of the fiber material.
• Figure 7.3 shows a variant of the device of Figures 7, 71 and 7.2.
• FIGS. 8 to 11 show further measures according to the invention in terms of method and device for controlling the cleaning intensity in the cleaning stream and for executing the interface at the entrance and exit of the machine.

Figure 1 shows schematically the cleaning process in black box representation. The RP box (cleaning process) has an input F.1 for the unpurified fiber material, an output F.2 for the cleaned fiber material and an output V for the contamination detached from the fibers in the process. These three interfaces between the box and the outside world are designed so that the cleaning process in the box can proceed undisturbed. For this purpose, the actual cleaning process RP is shielded from the actual transport processes for fiber material and impurities by special "interface measures" SF.1, SF.2 and SV described later.

A complex dynamic process is kept going within the RP box, which uses kinetic energy, that is to say changes in acceleration, to separate fibers and impurities from one another, as well as separating fibers, that is, breaking up fiber flakes. The processes of cleaning and separation should not damage the fiber material, so the intensity is adjustable and controllable.

The process is as follows: The uncleaned fiber material is fed from a pure flow, to which no other requirements are made than that it is loaded with fibers from one place to another, to a cleaning stream that develops as many local transverse forces as possible in the fiber flake The total length of which can be changed over its entire length, and then passed back to an outgoing, pure conveying stream, the cleaning stream having to be open over its entire length for (impurity) particles, since such particles are continuously removed from the cleaning stream in the form of impurities have to. In the cleaning flow, the incoming flow rate FS.1 is functionally partially taken over with a current share FS.3, respectively. the cleaning flow is partly taken over with a flow component FS from the outgoing flow FS.5, the balance of the supply air and the exhaust air from the cleaning flow must of course be correct, since nothing disappears in the box if the air loss due to the dirt is primarily avoided, this means FS.1 = FS.2 + FS.3 and FS.5 = FS.3 + FS.4, where FS.2 is the part of the corresponding flow that goes into the atmosphere and FS.4 is the part that comes from the atmosphere ( see also Fig. 2.1 and 2.1b). However, an essential condition of the operation is that the cleaning flow is not disturbed either by the flow or by the continuous particle separation.

The baffles for the disintegration and cleaning of the fiber flakes are, for example, sets or striker pins on the roller, grate bars, lattice or screen works, etc., all elements known per se, but in a new composition to achieve an adaptable cleaning flow.

Figure 2 now shows the cleaning process broken down into individual process steps. One recognizes a material input (F.1), two material outputs (F.2 and V) and two control inputs (St). The control intervention St (SV) influences the balance between the two material outlets F.2 and V. The control intervention St (RI) influences the cleaning intensity and at the same time the fiber resolution and impairment. At the material entrance and at the material exits, procedural "interface measures" are provided (SF.1, SF.2 and SV), in the main line of the process procedural measures for the cleaning flow control (SF) and the cleaning intensity (RI) are provided. Of course, the cleaning process itself does not run in this structured form, but simultaneously; a functional balance of all measures is formed, which can be shifted accordingly by the control interventions St.

Figures 2.1 a and b again show the process steps shown in Figure 2 but together with the machine, which for this purpose in a very schematic manner as a section (Figure 2.1 a) perpendicular to the axis of the cleaning roller and as a section (Figure 2.1 b) parallel to Axis of the cleaning roller is shown. The fiber cleaning machine comprises a cleaning or opening roller 1, which is rotated in a housing 2 about a horizontal axis. The actual cleaning pro zess runs in the cleaning gap 3, on the one hand through the roller 1, on the other hand through stationary cleaning elements 4, for example cleaning bars arranged as grates, below the roller and through at least partially permeable walls 5 and 5 respectively. 80 over resp. is formed next to the roller. Through this gap, the cleaning stream is guided helically around the roller 1 by appropriate measures SF, which flows around it several times. The current is deflected and the fiber flakes are turned by conveying and dissolving elements 6, for example striking pins, on the roller surface, by the stationary cleaning elements 4 protruding into the current and by the elements limiting and conducting the current, for example 5. By arranging all of them appropriately of these elements, the turbulence of the cleaning flow and thereby the cleaning intensity is determined, which is the process step RI. The fiber material is brought into the machine at the input end E of the roller 1 through an inlet chamber in which the procedural interface measures SF.1 act on the fiber stream. At the outlet end A of the roller 1, the fiber material is brought out of the machine through a corresponding outlet chamber in which the interface measures SF.2 come into effect. Discharge chambers for the discharge of the impurities are located both under the roller 1 and above or next to it. Interface measures SV.1 and SV.2 also act in these two chambers, which ensure that the pollution streams V.1 and V.2 do not interfere with the cleaning stream.

Dissolution and cleaning-promoting guidance of the cleaning flow.

It has been found that the fiber flakes, which have already been partially dissolved in the cleaning machine, occasionally collect again in the transfer chambers, which are attached above the roller and whose function it is to guide the cleaning stream helically around the roller, to form fiber clumps which then again have to be dissolved by the roller. Such disadvantages are largely avoided by guiding the fibers in the transfer chambers according to the invention. This guidance is determined by the limitations of the transfer chambers according to the invention in the axial and in the radial direction.

The axial delimitation of the transfer chambers is formed by the guide means, the number of which determines the number of transfer chambers and thus the number of passes of the fiber material around the roller. A larger number of transfer chambers makes the pitch angle a, which the guide means, for example guide plates, form with a plane perpendicular to the roll axis, smaller, and it has been shown that the tendency towards clumping in the transfer chambers decreases with a decreasing pitch angle. However, the pitch angle should not be chosen too small in order to enable conveyance in the axial direction at all. A larger number of transfer chambers (for a given roll length) also reduces the axial width bt of the individual transfer chambers, which also counteracts the accumulation of larger quantities of flakes in the transfer chambers. The width b corresponds to an axial stroke per handling of the material around the roller 1 and the width bt to the width of a transfer chamber, the width bt being chosen between 1/1 and 1/5 of the width b depending on the angle of increase a and the diameter of the roller becomes.

Since the transfer chambers are longer than optimal for long rollers, even with a minimal pitch angle a that still provides good flow properties, in such cases, at least one additional parallel guide means is advantageously additionally installed within the transfer chambers, which then divides the cleaning stream into two (or more) partial streams of a width bt that is closer to the optimum.

By using such means, the cleaning stream can be brought into a helical path, the limiting means of which support the dissolving and cleaning process in any case and which allows a variable, for example increased residence time (due to an extended cleaning path) of the goods to be cleaned in the cleaning stream and the cleaning thereby improved.

The radial delimitation of the transfer chambers determines the width of the cleaning gap above the roller, with "width of the cleaning gap" generally the radial distance between the roller surface (from which the striking elements protrude) and a wall distant from it, which together limit the "width" of the cleaning stream, is understood. This distance and its geometric shape also have an influence on the flow properties in the transfer chambers.

FIGS. 3, 3.1 and 3.2 (FIGS. 2, 1 and 3, CH-00319 / 89-2) schematically show an exemplary fiber cleaning machine corresponding to the principle shown in FIG. 2.1 as a top view without the cover and in a section perpendicular to the axis of the Roller and another variant of the same machine also as a top view without a cover. In all these figures the transfer chambers and the means limiting them are visible, which guide the cleaning flow over the upper part of the roller.

The transfer chambers 30.1-5 (Fig. 5) between an inlet port 31 and an off run connection piece 32 are axially limited by the guide means 33.1-6, the number of each given length L determines the pitch angle a and the width b of the transfer chambers. The pitch angle can be, for example, between 8 and 30 °, but is advantageously chosen between 15 and 20. FIG. 3.2 shows an embodiment with a longer roller, which comprises intermediate guide means 34.1-5 between guide means 33.1-6, by means of which the effective chamber width is reduced from b (entire transfer chamber, corresponds to stroke b) to bt according to the subdivision mentioned.

The transfer chambers are radially delimited by the cover 35, which advantageously consists of several, for example five cover plates 35.1-5, of which the two outer 35.1 and 35.5 are, for example, vertical and the middle three 35.2-4 are arranged like a terrace roof. The obtuse angles β, 0, ₇ and _E between the cover plates can be in the range from 120 ° to 149 ° and the uppermost cover plate 35.3 can have a distance H of 1/12 to 1/5 of the circumferential surface of the roller Corresponds to the diameter of the roller. A radial boundary of the transfer chambers arranged in this way gives the advantage of such a flake guidance, given a given air flow rate that is adapted to the machine, that the flakes are guided against the cover walls without lump formation and with a desired impact, thereby ensuring that the flakes are turned.

For example, with a roller diameter D of 650 mm and an impact circle diameter DS of 750 mm, an angle a of 18 °, a width bt of 80 mm and a height H of 175 mm are selected.

Figures 3, 3.1 and 3.2 and the corresponding description of the transfer chambers and their limiting means only give a schematic image of the sub-device, the function of which is to spiral the cleaning stream around the cleaning roller and thereby achieve the highest possible resolution of the flakes and the cleaning to optimally support itself. Details and further exemplary design variants can be found in the corresponding CH patent application No. 00 319 / 89-2), the content of which is incorporated here as an integral part.

Adaptation of the cleaning intensity to the fiber material and to the degree of dissolution that changes via the cleaning path (process step RI, CH 00 320 / 89-9).

The cleaning and dissolving effect but also the intensity of the cleaning process described are dependent, among other things, on the width of the cleaning gap mentioned, on the depth of penetration of the mechanical cleaning elements mounted on the roller into the stream of flakes, i.e. on the ratio of the length of the cleaning elements to the gap width mentioned, and also on the thickness, shape and density of the cleaning elements. The optimal cleaning and dissolving effect depends not only on the properties of the fiber material to be cleaned, but also on the degree of dissolution of the fiber flakes. However, since this degree of resolution within the cleaning machine between the input and output ends of the roller increases continuously, it is advantageous to change the cleaning and dissolving effect over the roller length accordingly, for example by the roller diameter, length, thickness, shape and density of those attached to the roller Cleaning elements between the input and the output end of the roller are designed continuously or changed in stages.

In the same way that the cleaning intensity is dependent on the length, the thickness, the density and the shape of the cleaning elements mounted on the roller, it is also dependent on the same parameters of the stationary cleaning elements below the roller. Since some of these parameters can be controlled for an optimal cleaning process, that is to say can also be set when the machine is running, they are described in the next section, “Controllable Cleaning Intensity”.

Figures 4, 4.1 and 4.2 (Fig. 3, 2 and 7, CH 00 320 / 89-9) schematically show an exemplary fiber cleaning machine in a section parallel to the axis of the roller and as a top view after removal of the cover, as well as a further embodiment on average parallel to the axis of the roller. In both embodiments, the roller has a variable diameter over the length and the cleaning elements attached to the roller have different lengths.

The flock flow is fed into the machine through the inlet nozzle 31 at the inlet end E of the roller 1 and leaves it again through the outlet nozzle 32 at the outlet end A of the roller 1. The cleaning gap is formed by the surface of the roller 1 and by the cover 35 (see also Figure 3) above the roller 1 and the stationary cleaning elements 4 below the roller 1. The width of the cleaning gap narrows from the input end E of the roller to the output end A in that the roller diameter increases, but the limiting means are arranged parallel to the roller axis. The embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 and 4.1 are provided with cleaning elements 6, for example striking pins, which become shorter from the input end of the roller to the output end Density does not vary. Since the immersion depth of the cleaning elements and the cleaning gap decreases over the entire length of the roller, the density of the cleaning elements does not change, and although their thickness and shape do not change, the aggressiveness of cleaning and dissolution should be approximately constant over the length of the roller. The immersion depth of the cleaning elements is understood to mean that percentage of the length of the striking pins which detects and accelerates the fiber flakes, this depth not being able to be determined exactly, but rather having to be estimated.

The embodiment variant shown in Figure 4.2 produces a significantly increasing intensity between the input end E of the roller 1 and the output end A. The gap width decreases in the same way as shown in FIGS. 4 and 4.1, but the length and (optionally also) the density of the cleaning elements increase significantly. If the thickness of the cleaning elements also decreases and their shape changes accordingly, all changes result in an increase in the dissolving and cleaning effect, but also in the intensity between the input end E of the roller and the output end A.

The embodiment variant shown in FIG. 4.2 is particularly suitable for long-fiber cotton, which must be treated very gently in the initial stage, since the risk of nits forming at this stage is very high, but decreases with progressive dissolution.

Typical dimensions of a roller and the cleaning elements are, for example (first number for the input end, second number for the output end of the roller): roller length 1.6 m, roller diameter 65/70 cm, length of the cleaning elements 5 / 2.5 cm, thickness of the cleaning elements 1.2 / 0.8cm, distance between adjacent cleaning elements 3 / 2cm.

Figures 4, 4.1 and 4.2 and the corresponding description of the design of the roller and cleaning elements give only a schematic image of the sub-device, the function of which is to adapt the cleaning process to the fiber material to be cleaned and, over the roller length, to the progressive degree of dissolution of the fiber flakes. Details and further exemplary design variants can be found in the corresponding CH patent application No. 00 320 / 89-9, the content of which is incorporated here as an integral part.

Controllable cleaning intensity (process step RI, CH-00 321 / 89-0.

Setting options for the cleaning and dissolving effect of the machine are, as described in the previous sections, possible by appropriate design of the roller and the cleaning elements attached to it, but also by appropriate design of the stationary cleaning elements which are attached below the roller. These cleaning elements can be designed, for example, as grate bars arranged in groups with a triangular cross section, for example. Variable parameters are in turn the width of the cleaning gap, that is to say the distance between the roller and cleaning elements, the number of cleaning elements on the cleaning path and their shape, which projects into the floc stream. A known, further adaptation to the flake material to be cleaned can be brought about by using a corresponding number of grate bars with a corresponding cross-sectional shape in a corresponding position relative to the roller.

A better adaptation of the cleaning effect to different textile fiber materials in a wide range of properties can, however, be achieved in that at least some of the grate bars, which are arranged under the roller, can be adjusted differently with respect to the roller, on the one hand to adjust the distance between grate bar and roller and / or just change the position of the grate bars in relation to the roller. For this purpose, the grate bars can also each be pivoted to different degrees to one another about an axis parallel to their longitudinal axis. The two axial ends of the grate bars can also be adjusted differently with respect to the roller. Furthermore, in the case of a group of grate bars lying next to one another in the circumferential direction of the roller, the grate bars at one end of the group (viewed in the circumferential direction) can be different, adjustable with respect to the roll and, if appropriate, also pivotable differently from the grate bars at the other end of the group. Such an arrangement enables not only a finer adjustment, but also an adjustment that can be carried out without having to convert the machine, at least as far as the position of the grate bars is concerned, even while they are in operation.

Figures 5 and 5.1 (Fig. 4 and 3, 321 / 89-0) show a cross section through a grate bar to illustrate the effect of its pivoting relative to the roller and the flake flow and an exemplary device for corresponding adjustment of the grate bars in a fiber cleaning machine for a Control of cleaning intensity.

5 shows how the cleaning properties of a grate bar with an approximately triangular cross section can be changed by pivoting about its axis. The grate bar has an edge facing the flock flow (solid arrow), the cutting edge 12, which is formed by the free surface 10 and the contact surface 11, which enclose the wedge angle _T '. The angle of attack β 'is formed det by the contact surface 11 and the radial plane 13, in which the cutting edge 12 and the axis of the roller (not shown in the figure). The clearance angle a 'is formed by the clearance surface 10 and by the tangential plane 14, which perpendicularly intersects the radial plane along the cutting edge 12. The wedge angle _T 'is given by the cross section of the grate bar, clearance angle a' and angle of attack β 'can be changed by pivoting the grate bar.

Each stationary cleaning element, as shown in cross section in FIG. 5, separates a contaminant stream (dashed arrow) from the cleaning stream (solid arrow). The separation is optimal if as many impurities as possible, already collected on the lower side of the cleaning stream by centrifugal and gravity, and as little fiber material as possible get into the impurity stream and if possible no fibers on the cutting edge 12 are damaged. The relationship between these requirements for different fibers with different degrees of contamination is complex and has to be determined empirically. For this reason, it is advantageous if at least some of the parameters for fine adjustment can also be set while the fiber cleaning machine is in operation.

As a general recommendation: clearance angle a 'between 0 (clearance 10 lies on tangential plane 14) and 30`.

The grate bars can e.g. be arranged in four groups, two groups being arranged next to each other around the lower circumferential part of the roller and two groups one behind the other over the length of the roller.

Figure 5.1 shows an exemplary device for adjusting the distance to the roller and the pivoting position of the grate bars of two such groups of grate bars arranged circumferentially next to one another. A corresponding device is attached to both ends of the grate bars and the adjustability of the distance to the roller is advantageously at the Both ends are independent, so that the distance can be adjusted to increase or decrease over the length of the roller.

The device is shown in a plan view against the grate bars, which one must imagine on the back from the paper plane projecting vertically. The device consists of two sub-devices, each of which is assigned to a group of grate bars and which are arranged laterally next to one another. In the following description, only the sub-device in the figure on the left is to be dealt with, wherein all that has been said also applies to the right sub-device. The ends of the grate bars (the group comprises, for example, 11 grate bars) lie in the holes 50.1 of a distance control template 51. The distance control template 51 can be adjusted with respect to the machine frame and the roller by means of two independently actuable adjusting devices. The adjustment devices each consist of a two-armed lever (52 and 53 or 52.1 and 53.1), each around a fixed axis 54 or. 54.1 is pivotable. The lever arm 52, respectively. 52.1 engages in a recess of the distance control template 51, while on the other lever arm 53 or. 53.1 one end of a Bowden cable 55 respectively. 55.1 attacks. The other end of the Bowden cable 55, respectively. 55.1 is a frame-fixed linear motor 56, respectively. 56.1 actuated.

Instead of the adjustment by linear motors, manual adjustment can take place if there is no need to adjust the template 51 remotely. An example of a manual adjustment is shown in FIG. 5.2, in which the distance control template 151 and angle control template 159 shown in FIG. 5.1 on the right half of this figure are shown reduced. The distance control template 151 is adjusted in Fig. 5.2 by the levers 152 and 153, which can be pivoted about the axis fixed to the frame 154, and by means of the levers 152.1 and 153.1, which can be pivoted about the axis fixed to the frame 154.1, adjustable to the same extent as for the distance control template 51 described earlier.

For the manual pivoting of the levers 153 and 152, the lever 153 has a handle 100 and, in order to fix the position of the lever 153, it is provided with a tooth 103 which engages in a tooth catch 101. So that the tooth 103 can engage in adjacent tooth incisions, the lever 153 is made, for example, of spring steel, so that with the aid of the handle 100 the tooth 103 can be lifted out of the catch 101 and the lever 153 can be pivoted.

The same happens by means of the levers 153.1 and 152.1 on the left side (seen with a view of Figure 5.2), the distance control template 151.

The tooth catch 101 is part of a tooth element 102 and the tooth catch 101.1 of a tooth element 102.1, these tooth elements being arranged stationary in the machine frame (not shown).

The angle control template 159 can be adjusted in the same way as the angle control template 59 in FIG. 5.1. However, there is also the possibility of carrying out this adjustment manually by removing the Bowden cables and fixing the corresponding levers in their position by means of grids which would be arranged stationary on the angle control template 159 respectively to provide these levers with a handle analogous to the aforementioned handles, in order to adjust these levers in the same way as previously described.

The ends of the grate bars are each articulated via a crank arm 57 (indicated in the figure only on the first grate bar with a dash-dotted line) by means of pins 58.1 to a common angle control template 59. The angle control template 59 is adjustable with respect to the distance control template 51 by means of two independent adjustment devices which are configured in the same way as the adjustment devices of the distance control template 51, the axes (e.g. 60) of the two-armed levers being fixed on the distance control template 51.

Such a device for adjusting the distance to the roller and the pivoting position of the grate bars allows adjustment of a distance from the grate bar to grate bar in the group that changes. It also allows adjustment of a pivot position changing from grate bar to grate bar in the group.

Figures 5 and 5.1 and the corresponding description of the control device for the stationary cleaning elements give only a schematic image of the sub-device, the function of which is to control the intensity of the cleaning process even during operation of the fiber cleaning machine.

Details and further exemplary design variants can be found in the corresponding CH patent application No. 00321 / 89-0, the content of which is incorporated here as an integral part.

Trouble-free discharge of the contamination in the lower part of the machine (process step SV.1, CH-002613/89).

In cleaning machines, the flakes are mainly broken down into ever smaller fiber accumulations, whereby loosely stored foreign particles separate from the composite and fall out and are transported away as a waste. The loosening is done by a kind of plucking and striking process, which is accomplished by means of rapidly rotating, toothy rollers and striking pins. These rapid circulating movements, together with the inlet and outlet flows, cause dynamically generated air flows (eddy currents), which are probably included in the cleaning process. Depending on the system and setting, a relatively large amount of good fibers can be removed from the process together with the foreign particles and may have to be recycled.

The cleaning process must not be significantly affected by the discharge of the outlet that is required from time to time. For this purpose, a device is provided which reduces the good fiber discharge into the outlet discharge device, in which the discharge process of the separated dirt particles is controlled in such a way that only controlled amounts of good fibers go away with the outlet.

According to the state of the art, the space under the roller of the fiber cleaning machine comprises a collecting trough in which the contamination separated by the stationary cleaning elements is collected. When disposing of the outlet, a pressure difference must be overcome without essentially influencing the flow conditions that form in the upper part of the cleaning machine. If, for example, the machine were opened to eject the outlet, this process created a sudden pressure difference that would propagate into the cleaning stream and interfere with its flow. This disruption then caused a disruption of the main flow on the grate bars, so that flakes could fall into the collecting trough, which should have been conveyed into the flock outlet. An attempt must therefore be made to discharge in such a way that the pressure conditions which are stable during operation are essentially always maintained. To accomplish this, a variant of the material of the outlet is used as a flow buffer filter in a variant.

The aerodynamic perturbation of the cleaning flow does not occur due to the difference that exists from the side with higher pressure to the side with lower pressure, but through its dynamics, that is, its acceleration and flow speed. So you have to try to make the dynamics of this disturbance negligible compared to the dynamics of the cleaning process. If the false air dynamics are kept correspondingly small, ie represented graphically in the form of a soft bell pulse instead of a rectangular pulse, the disturbance is significantly less. The relatively light, somewhat flaky outlet is then briefly and slightly compressed into a filter mat by the false air flow towards the exit, so that the false air flow is delayed in time. This leads to the desired damping.

In terms of procedure, this is achieved by collecting the outlet in a collecting trough until it has reached a certain operable layer thickness. The discharge of the outlet is now carried out partially in such a way that a protective layer is maintained between the upper space of the cleaning machine, in which the cleaning takes place, and the discharge lock, which leads to the outside. An ejection takes place only when a certain fill level is reached and only so much that a certain fill level is maintained. With these two demands a protective layer for quasi-maintaining the pressure difference is formed and maintained. The discharge takes place with a lock wheel and a pneumatic system that interacts with it.

Figures 6 and 6.1 (Fig. 3 and 4, CH-002613/89) schematically show an exemplary fiber cleaning machine in a section perpendicular to the axis of the roller and in a section parallel to the axis of the roller. In the lower part of the cleaning machine, the means for removing the contamination can be seen, the task of which is to remove the contaminants separated from the cleaning process from the machine in such a way that the cleaning flow is not or only minimally disturbed.

The sub-device comprises a catchment trellis 61 with a lock wheel 62 in the form of a rotating slat, that is a driven axis 62.1 with wing-shaped slats 62.2. A certain part of the entire outlet is separated per partial rotation of the lock wheel, which is reflected in a lowering of the fill level. The still protruding layer 63 is sufficient, however, to dampen any pressure difference mentioned and in the continuous cleaning process the filter layer is rebuilt due to the trickling down outlet. This ejection / assembly process is controlled by weight and / or level sensors (64, 65.1, 65.2, 66.1, 66.2), which are only shown schematically in the figure. A simple variant consists in that the lock wheel is switched on periodically only by a time switch and for a predetermined proportion of a revolution or a proportion of revolutions. Furthermore, additional means 67, 68 and 69.1-4 are provided to prevent unwanted pressure equalization or pressure reversal. These agents are usually seals that have the effect of one-way valves.

FIGS. 6 and 6.1 and the corresponding description of the discharge elements only give a schematic image of the sub-device, the function of which is to remove the contamination which has separated out from the lower part of the cleaning machine from the machine and to reduce the disturbances of the cleaning flow to a minimum. Details and further exemplary design variants can be found in the corresponding CH patent application No. 002613/89, the content of which is incorporated here as an integral part.

Trouble-free discharge of contamination in the upper part of the machine and trouble-free and cleaning-supporting introduction and removal of the fiber material (process steps SV.1, SF.1 and SF.2, CH-00242/89).

Heavy impurities are mainly excreted between the stationary cleaning elements, as described in the section on the discharge of contamination from the lower part of the machine, compared to the fibers. In addition, light, dust-like impurities can be excreted by the covers of the transfer chambers being at least partially permeable to air and dust and by positioning a hood thereon which contains at least one vacuum chamber connected to a suction line. Air can be sucked out of the transfer chambers through the air- and dust-permeable cover of the transfer chamber, with which air the very light, dust-like particles are separated from the cleaning stream transporting the fiber material.

The air and dust permeable cover of the transfer chambers is, for example, a sieve or perforated plate with holes of approximately 1.5 mm in diameter. It can form at least a part of the cover for each transfer chamber, or possibly for a predetermined number of transfer chambers. Such permeable chamber walls, like the cleaning elements, act as baffles. Not only fine particles are excreted from them, but transverse forces are exerted on the cleaning stream. A large number of defined local air streams form on the perforated parts, some of which are directed in the general direction of the cleaning stream, the others are directed in the general direction of the suction stream. The vacuum chamber (or vacuum chambers), which is attached above the permeable covers and from which the dust-laden air is extracted, serves as a buffer between the effective extraction and the cleaning flow. The air velocity in this chamber is relatively low compared to that in the cleaning stream, i.e. only large enough to remove the separated dust particles and thus any dynamic fluctuations in the chamber currents have only a minimal effect on the dynamics of the cleaning flow. For this purpose, the vacuum chamber is advantageously provided with a throttle element at its suction connection.

In the same area of the cleaning machine are the inlet and outlet chambers through which the flake stream enters and leaves the machine. The air stream that introduces the fiber flakes into the fiber cleaning machine as a pure transport stream must be directed in such a way that the cleaning stream within the machine is not disturbed by it.

Figures 7, 7.1 and 7.2 (Fig. 1, 3 and 4, CH-00242/89) schematically show an exemplary fiber cleaning machine in a section perpendicular to the axis of the roller and two variants in a section parallel to the axis of the roller. The upper part of all figures shows the Transfer chambers, as well as the inlet and outlet chambers can be seen.

The cleaning gap 3 above the roller is limited by the cover 35 'which is at least partially permeable to air and contaminants. Above this cover is the vacuum chamber 71, which in the case of the embodiment variant according to FIG. 7.2 is divided into a vacuum chamber 71.1 and 71.2 above each transfer chamber. A suction line 72 is connected to the vacuum chamber (two suction lines 72.1 and 72.2 for the embodiment variant according to FIG. 7.2) in which a throttle element 73 (or 73.1 and 73.2), for example an adjustable throttle valve, is installed and which in turn is connected to a suction device (not shown) connected.

The air flow, which conveys the fiber flakes as a pure transport flow into the cleaning machine, enters the machine through the inlet connection 31 attached to the inlet end E of the roller and becomes where the inlet connection 31 pierces the cover 35 'to the cleaning flow. The cleaning flow is at the corresponding point at the outlet end A of the roller, where an outlet nozzle 32 breaks through the cover 35 'again to the pure flow and leaves the machine with the cleaned fiber material through the outlet nozzle 32. Inlet and outlet nozzles (31, 32) are of this type arranged that the feed stream enters the cleaning gap tangentially to the roller 1 and also leaves it tangentially again.

The inlet chamber 75 and the outlet chamber 76, in which the method steps SF.1 and SF.2 act, are thus laterally delimited by a first and last guide means 74.2 and, respectively, in the conveying direction. 74.1 on the one hand and through the lateral outer wall of the cleaning machine on the other. At the top, like the transfer chambers, they are delimited by the cover 35 ', which, as in FIG. 7.1, may or may not be permeable to air and dust at these points (FIG. 7.2).

FIGS. 7 and 7.1 and the corresponding description of the transfer chambers and the inlet and outlet chambers only provide a schematic image of the sub-device, the function of which is to remove dust-like contamination from the machine without problems and the pure flow into and out of the cleaning machine to manage and thereby reduce the disturbances of the cleaning flow to a minimum. Details and further exemplary design variants can be found in the corresponding CH patent application No. 00242/89, the content of which is incorporated here as an integral part.

As a variant of the suction shown with FIGS. 7 - 7.2 by means of the perforated cover 35 'and the suction chamber 71, suction can be carried out on one long side of the machine, as is the case, for example, in another Swiss patent application No. CH 00 967/90. 9 is shown and described by the applicant and is incorporated as an integral part of this application.

For the sake of simplicity, only part of the representation of the aforementioned application is shown here, specifically with FIG. 7.3 a view in the viewing direction I (see FIG. 7) and parts with a dash-dotted line in FIG. 7 of the suction device from FIG. 7.3.

FIG. 7 shows with the dash-dotted lines a suction chamber 81 which is provided between the walls 80 and 90 and instead of the suction chamber 71 and which opens into an air outlet duct 83 which has a throttle valve 89 in the air outlet connection 84.

Instead of the perforated cover 35 ', in this variant only the wall 80 is perforated, essentially over its entire length, in the same way as the cover 35'.

With 82 control windows are marked, by means of which the control of the extracted dust resp. can be determined about possible blockages in the wall 80.

FIG. 7.3 also shows with dash-dotted lines that the suction channel 81 can have an air inlet connection 85 with a throttle valve 86 in order to admit additional air through the suction chamber 81 for purging it.

In addition, Figure 7.3 shows, also shown with dash-dotted lines, that the suction chamber 81 in three essentially vertically directed suction chambers 87.1 and. 87.2 resp. 87.3 can be subdivided, a throttle valve 88.1 being assigned to the first suction chamber, a throttle valve 88.2 to the second suction chamber and a throttle valve 88.3 to the third suction chamber in order to individually control the amount of air in the suction chambers.

The aforementioned purge air opening 85 can also serve the three latter suction chambers.

Figures 8 to 11 show i.a. a variant of the suction of Fig. 7.3. 8 shows a section according to 111 from FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 shows a section according to 11 from FIG. 8, while FIG. 9 shows a view in the direction of arrow 1 from FIG. 8, but shows part of the machine cut away, and FIG. 11 shows a section according to IV of FIG. 10.

Basically, the parts of FIGS. 7 to 7.2 described earlier have the same reference numerals.

8, 10 and 11, the suction chamber 81 has, in comparison to the same suction chamber of FIG. 7.3, a slide 216 with a forehead inclined at an angle a to the horizontal edge 222, which at least partially covers the perforated wall 80, as shown in FIG. 11. This means that the perforated surface 80, to the left of the inclined end edge 222, as seen in FIG. 11, is not covered, while this surface to the right of the mentioned end edge is covered by the slider 216. As shown with the dash-dotted line drawn parallel to the edge 222, the slider 216 can be shifted to the right, as seen in FIG. 11, so that the edge 222 can be shifted into the position of the dash-dotted line. It is understood that the slide can not take any position within these two lines.

As a result of this measure, the conveying air, which conveys the flake material through the inlet connection 31 into the machine, is primarily sucked out through the extracted surface of the perforated wall 80.

In principle, instead of the oblique edge 222, the slide 216 could have a vertical edge, as seen in FIG. 11, so that the suctioned surface of the perforated wall 80 would not have a triangular shape, but a rectangular shape.

The advantage of the triangular shape is, however, that not only the conveying air of the inlet ear 31, but also part of the air rotating with the roller 1 and thus also the dust separated from the increasingly broken flakes can be extracted.

On the other hand, the entire perforated wall 80 is not suctioned off, as is the case e.g. is shown in Fig. 7.3, in order not to disturb the air flow at the outlet end of the machine by this suction effect. This air flow at the outlet end, which leaves the machine together with the sucked-in flake material through the outlet connection 32, is essentially formed in that the outer wall of the machine has an opening 218 on this side of the machine, where fresh air enters the space around the opening roller 1 and arrives in the outlet port 32. As a result, the fiber material thrown up by the opening roller is caught by this air flow and conveyed through the outlet connection 32.

The opening 218 can be selectively closed by means of a slide 219, which is guided in guides 220 and 221, so that the amount of air which is to pass through the outlet connection 32 can be adjusted.

As can be seen from Fig. 8, the cover walls 206, 207 and 208 are designed as full walls, i.e. only air is sucked out through the perforated wall 80. Incidentally, this air is, as already described earlier, conveyed via the outlet connection 83 into a suction point.

As described earlier, the cleaning stream, i.e. the rotating air from the opening roller 1, together with fiber flakes between the partition walls 211, 212 and 213 on the one hand in the upper half of the opening roller 1 and on the other hand in the axial direction towards the outlet end of the machine, so that the fiber flakes on this, essentially helical circulation path over the Grate bars 5 and 4 are beaten to thereby separate the impurities from the fiber flakes.

According to the invention, the amount of air rotating around the opening roller 1 is now held in such an amount that air passes between the grate bars of the grate 5 together with impurities and a proportion of good fibers, the impurities being an im due to the higher density and mass and correspondingly higher kinetic energy Substantially stretched path in the tub described earlier, while the good fibers pass along with the air outside the grate bars to re-enter through an opening 220 in the area around the opening roller 1 due to the lower pressure prevailing there. In order to generate this lower pressure, the grate bar area 4 has a so-called stowage plate 223 which replaces a predetermined number of grate bars in this grate bar group and, like the replaced grate bar group portion, can be adjusted by means of the distance control template 51 (see FIG. 5.1). Namely, this stowage plate 223 is adjusted such that the distance of the starting edge, as seen in the running direction of the opening roller, is set closer to the circumference of the opening roller 1 relative to the input edge, so that an increasing jam between the opening roller 1 and the grate bars of the grate bar groups 4 and 5 arises. Because of this congestion, on the one hand the aforementioned portion of peripheral air passes between the grate bars, on the other hand, however, this creates a lower pressure after the exit edge of the stowage plate 223 than in the so-called storage space, so that this lower pressure tends to suck in the air that has passed between the grate bars.

In this way, a so-called wind sifting occurs because, on the one hand, due to the different density between dirt and good fibers and, on the other hand, due to the different shape between dirt parts and fibers, which lead to a different air resistance between dirt particles and fibers, the ballistically less favorable good fibers tend to air to follow, while the heavier and ballistically cheaper dirt particles tend to move away from this air flow due to the higher kinetic energy. In other words, the dirt parts tend to have the ballistics of a tennis ball during the fibers rather have the ballistics of a shuttlecock, which is rather carried away by the air flow, while the tennis ball would move away from the air flow due to the kinetic energy contained therein.

In this way, the cleaning effect of the grate bars can be supplemented by a separation effect between dirt and fibers using the air flow.

In order to guide the air flow in the area below the grate bars essentially in the circumferential direction of the roller, additional guide plates 230 can be provided. As shown, these baffles 230 are advantageously not provided continuously but rather overlapping so that no fibers get caught on the upper edge.

As a further measure for influencing the air flow in the sense of the aforementioned wind classification, instead of or in addition to the guide plates 230, longitudinal guide elements 240 and 241, which can also be covered by a cover 250, can be provided, so that the air flow additionally in the direction of 6 is deflected before the flow in the direction of the opening 220.

Finally, it should be mentioned that the cleaning machine also works without conveying the fiber flakes into the machine by means of conveying air, in that the fiber flakes are separated from the air in front of the cleaning machine and get into the machine in free fall through the inlet 31. However, the inlet 31 should then be designed such that fresh air can enter the machine through this inlet so that the air flow described can enter through the grate bars without being disturbed by the suction, in the covers 206-208 or in the perforated plate 80 on the side.

All of these measures listed above together result in the desired cleaning function, as have already been discussed around and in the black box according to FIG. 1.

• - die statische Anpassung des Reinigungsprozesses an das zu reinigende Fasermaterial und an seinen während der Reinigung fortschreitenden Auflösungsgrad,
• - die Entkoppelung der Dynamik des Reinigungsprozesses von allen äusseren dynamischen Vorgängen derart, dass der Reinigungsprozess in einem kontrollierten, dynamischen Gleichgewicht abläuft und von äusseren dynamischen Vorgängen nur in sehr gedämpfter Weise beeinflusst wird, und
• - die dynamische Steuerung der Reinigungsintensität zur Feineinstellung in der Anfahrphase und zur Kompensation von Schwankungen im Reinigungsstromes und im eingespeisten Material.

In the combination of the measures, three interlocking functional groups can be seen, namely:

• the static adaptation of the cleaning process to the fiber material to be cleaned and to its degree of dissolution progressing during the cleaning,
• - the decoupling of the dynamics of the cleaning process from all external dynamic processes in such a way that the cleaning process takes place in a controlled, dynamic equilibrium and is influenced in a very subdued manner by external dynamic processes, and
• - The dynamic control of the cleaning intensity for fine adjustment in the start-up phase and to compensate for fluctuations in the cleaning flow and in the material fed.

The three function groups work in such a way that the cleaning machine can be set up according to the material to be processed before operation, that in a start-up phase the cleaning intensity can be fine-tuned using measurable product parameters, that the cleaning process after this start-up phase represents a dynamic balance on which the external dynamics in the supply of the material to be cleaned and in the removal of the cleaned material and impurities only have a very subdued effect, and that such effects and fluctuations in the supplied material can be compensated for by dynamic control of the cleaning intensity in such a way that the machine delivers a product of constant, optimal quality. The dynamic control of the cleaning intensity can be fully automated.

The static adaptation of the machine to the fiber material to be cleaned and to its increasing degree of dissolution during cleaning include the length of the cleaning path, which is determined by the number of transfer chambers, and the intensity of cleaning via this cleaning path, which is determined by the means with which the Cleaning flow is limited, the roller diameter and the type and number of attached to the roller and the stationary cleaning elements is determined. To control the cleaning intensity, the following can be changed during operation of the cleaning machine: the distance of the stationary cleaning elements from the roller and their swivel position, the rotational speed of the roller, the speed of the cleaning flow.

The speed of rotation of the roller is an essential parameter of the cleaning intensity, namely the cleaning intensity increases with increasing speed, whereby the optimization lies in a balance of cleaning intensity and fiber impairment, that is, the cleaning intensification ends by increasing the speed where intolerable fiber impairment begins. However, this has to be determined empirically from case to case depending on the fiber provenance or provenance mix. However, as the speed of the roller increases, the amount of air rotating with the roller and thus the air flow intensity used for wind sifting also increases, which has an influence on the separation effect of wind sifting.

In Fig. 2.1 a drive motor 300 is shown schematically, which drives the opening roller 1 and is controlled by a controller 301, which either from a setpoint sensor 302 predefined speed is dictated or receives the correction command for the speed correction via a signal 303 from an evaluation device (not shown).

Such a correction can be made by the product excreted from the machine, as shown with FIGS. 6 and 6.1, respectively. the description of which is described, measured with regard to brightness and determined with regard to the excretion weight per unit of time, so that the speed of rotation of the opening roller 1 is changed accordingly for the given position of the grate bars of grates 4 and 5.

Such a control is a program control which changes the settings on the basis of empirical test values with corresponding determined result values.

Finally, it should be mentioned that the cleaning machine in FIGS. 2 to 4 and 6 is simplified, without the space shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 to 11 above the hipped roof-shaped top walls, which are perforated walls in FIGS. 7 to 7.2, are shown.

Claims (35)

1. A method for the continuous cleaning of fiber material conveyed in a cleaning stream, in particular cotton fibers, in a cleaning gap between a roller rotating around a horizontal axis and carrying cleaning elements and stationary limiting means for forming a cleaning path and cleaning elements which spiral around the roller, characterized in that a) that given the length of the cleaning path between the inlet of the flake stream into the cleaning stream and the re-emergence therefrom, the cleaning intensity on the cleaning path is statically adapted to the fiber material to be cleaned and its degree of dissolution, which increases during the cleaning, in which the cleaning elements are preset or be readjusted during operation; b) that the cleaning flow is at least partially decoupled by interface measures from the transport means feeding the fiber material and removing the fiber material or impurities, so that the effect of the transport means on the dynamic behavior of the cleaning flow is essentially absent and thus the cleaning flow through control interventions by the cleaning elements control the cleaning intensity, can be controlled in such a way that the cleaning quality and its consistency can be optimized regardless of the means of transport. 2. Fiber cleaning method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least some of the agents conducting the cleaning stream also have a cleaning and dissolving function. 3. Fiber cleaning method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cleaning path is extended (or shortened) by the cleaning stream is passed more (or less) times around the roller. 4. Fiber cleaning method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cleaning intensity is statically adjusted by suitable width of the cleaning gap, suitable length, thickness, shape and density of the cleaning elements attached to the roller, suitable shape, number and density of the stationary cleaning elements and appropriate permeability of the agents limiting the cleaning gap. 5. Fiber cleaning method according to claim 4, characterized in that the cleaning intensity over the cleaning path is set to be constant, increasing or decreasing by corresponding continuous or step-wise change of the sizes mentioned. 6. Fiber cleaning method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the transport means are a transport air stream and that in an inlet chamber of the transport stream introducing the fiber material into the cleaning process and the cleaning stream are decoupled and that in an outlet chamber of the fiber material from the cleaning process laxative transport stream and the cleaning stream are coupled. 7. Fiber cleaning method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the dynamics of a non-continuous impurity emission from the cleaning process is dampened by a filter formed by the contamination. 8. Fiber cleaning method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the dynamic of a continuous suction of contaminants from the cleaning process by an intermediate cleaning process and suction device switched vacuum chamber is damped with throttle element. 9. Fiber cleaning method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cleaning intensity can be controlled via the cleaning path by controlling the way in which the stationary cleaning elements protrude into the cleaning stream and by controlling the speeds of the cleaning roller and the transport streams. 10. The fiber cleaning method according to claim 9, characterized in that the cleaning intensity is automatically controlled on the basis of measurable parameters of the fibers and / or impurities emerging from the cleaning process. 11. Device for cleaning fiber material with a cleaning roller (1), which is rotated in a housing (2) about a horizontal axis, characterized in that it comprises guide means (33, 74) which cover the space above the roller (1) divide into transfer chambers (30), an inlet chamber (75) and an outlet chamber (76) so that it includes an at least partially dust and air-permeable cover in the area of the said chambers (30), that it has at least one vacuum chamber (71 ; 81) comprises that the roller (1) is provided with cleaning elements (6) whose length, thickness, shape and / or density can vary over the roller length, that the roller diameter can also vary over the roller length, that it has stationary cleaning elements ( 4) and that it comprises means with which the distance of these stationary cleaning elements (4) to the roller (1) and their pivoting position can also be set during the operation of the device. 12. A method of continuously cleaning flakes of fiber in an airstream cleaning stream of a cleaning machine which is guided in a nip formed between and around the periphery of a cleaning roller, but cleaning elements arranged around it, around the cleaning roller, so that thereby the fiber flakes in the cleaning stream are cleaned in a predetermined part of the cleaning stream, characterized in that at least a part of the air stream mentioned out of the cleaning stream through the cleaning elements and essentially along the outside thereof and after the cleaning elements, as seen in the direction of movement is led into the cleaning stream and there is a separation between dirt and fibers. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the air flow re-enters the cleaning flow with at least some of the fibers. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the air pressure in the region of the cleaning flow is higher than in the region of the outside of the cleaning elements. 15. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that said air flow on the outside of the cleaning elements is deflected substantially in the direction of rotation of the cleaning roller and has an intensity, or kinetic energy, which is able to carry at least some of the fibers and reintegrate into the cleaning stream, during which the dirt particles experience essentially no deflection and are thus eliminated from the air stream and collected. 16. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the air in the cleaning flow in the area of the cleaning elements, viewed in the direction of rotation of the cleaning roller, is increasingly stowed in order to generate a higher air pressure in this area than on the outer side of the cleaning elements. 17. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the quantity of air required for the air flow is branched off from the transport air flow leading the fiber flakes into the machine. 18. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the amount of air required for the air flow is sucked in through the filler neck of the cleaning machine by means of the cleaning roller. 19. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the fiber flakes are conveyed into the machine by means of a transport air flow and the transport air flow essentially again is eliminated from the machine. 20. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the fiber flakes are fed into the cleaning machine in free fall. 21. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the fiber flakes are detected at the end of the cleaning flow by means of a conveying air flow and conveyed out of the machine. 22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the conveying air flow is sucked into the cleaning machine from the outside. 23. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the cleaning stream is conveyed in a helical path, from one axial end of the cleaning roller to the other end, around the cleaning roller. 24. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the intensity of the air flow is adjustable. 25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that the intensity of the air flow can be changed by changing the speed of the cleaning roller. 26. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that the intensity of the air flow can be changed by adjusting the amount of air in the cleaning flow. 27. Device for carrying out the method according to the preceding claims, - With a cleaning roller rotatable and drivable in a housing with cleaning elements provided on the surface thereof, and - With an inlet and an outlet for the flake material to be cleaned - With adjustable grate bars and arranged in the lower region of the roller circumference - with a disposal element,
characterized in that
the grate bars in the radial direction to the cleaning roller and about their longitudinal axis are adjustable such that the radial distance of the individual grate bar and the axial position of the same from grate bar to grate bar differ Lich
can as well as that
seen after the last grate bar in the direction of rotation of the roller, an opening is provided through which an air stream can enter the cleaning stream. 28. The apparatus according to claim 27, characterized in that
adjacent to the grate bars and in front of said opening, a storage plate which is adjustable in the radial direction to the grate bars is provided. 29. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that
Means are provided for extracting a transport air that conveys the fiber flakes from the fiber flakes entering the cleaning stream. 30. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that
in the area of the exit end of the cleaning roller, an opening for the entry of intake air for the removal of the cleaned flakes is provided. 31. The device according to claim 30, characterized in that
the opening can be closed to a predetermined extent by means of a slide. 32. Device according to claim 30, characterized in that
the means for extracting a part, said air, contain a throttle to control the amount of air extracted. 33. Device according to claim 27, characterized in that
In the lower area of the cleaning roller beneath the grate bars, guide elements are provided, by means of which the air moving in this area is guided essentially in the circumferential direction of the roller. 34. Device according to claim 27, characterized in that
Means for changing the cleaning roller speed are provided. 35. Apparatus according to claim 27, characterized in that
Means for determining the brightness of the cleaning outlet are provided.

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