EP0464332A1 - Ramming device for canons, especially howitzers - Google Patents

Ramming device for canons, especially howitzers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0464332A1
EP0464332A1 EP91106562A EP91106562A EP0464332A1 EP 0464332 A1 EP0464332 A1 EP 0464332A1 EP 91106562 A EP91106562 A EP 91106562A EP 91106562 A EP91106562 A EP 91106562A EP 0464332 A1 EP0464332 A1 EP 0464332A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
catch hook
force vector
pull rod
degrees
active surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91106562A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfgang Grimm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Landsysteme GmbH
Original Assignee
KUKA Wehrtechnik GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KUKA Wehrtechnik GmbH filed Critical KUKA Wehrtechnik GmbH
Publication of EP0464332A1 publication Critical patent/EP0464332A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/38Loading arrangements, i.e. for bringing the ammunition into the firing position
    • F41A9/39Ramming arrangements
    • F41A9/42Rammers separate from breech-block

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for attaching projectiles to barrel weapons, in particular self-propelled howitzers, consisting of a linearly guided piecing device acting on the floor of the projectile, a preloaded spring accumulator driving the latter and a triggering device acting on the piecing device and absorbing the spring force in the locked position.
  • the projectile When loading barrel weapons, the projectile is manually or mechanically brought into a position in front of the base of the weapon, in which it rests on a loading cradle and its axis is aligned with the core axis of the barrel. From this position, the projectile is accelerated into the tube by means of the piecer and locked in the tube.
  • the drive of the piecing must therefore give the projectile high acceleration over a comparatively short distance, which requires correspondingly high driving forces and their short-term release.
  • Spring drives e.g. B. proven motor-biased coil springs (EP-A-256 250). In the pretensioned position, the spring force is absorbed by a release device which retains the piecing device.
  • the invention is based on the object of proposing a triggering device for a device of the structure mentioned at the outset which, with a simple and space-saving structure and reliable function, can absorb large pretensioning forces with a comparatively small triggering force.
  • the release device has a fixedly mounted catch hook, which interacts via a flat active surface with a flat counter surface on the piecing, that the active surface and the counter surface are each a surface of a freely rotatable multi-surface element and in the locked position under one Angles of less than 90 degrees to the force vector of the spring accumulator run, and that the catch hook for triggering the piecer can be pivoted by means of a trigger drive acting transversely to this force vector.
  • the polyhedron arranged on the catch hook and on the ratchet which can be designed, for example, as a hexagon, act together in the blocking position over one of their flat surfaces which lie against one another. Due to the flat design of the active surface and the counter surface, the preload force is absorbed on an always precisely defined, comparatively large surface. Because the active surface and the counter surface extend in the locked position at an angle of less than 90 degrees to the force vector of the spring, a secure locking is provided.
  • the trigger drive acts transversely to the force vector of the spring on the catch hook and pulls this while rolling the two polyhedron into the release position, so that the polyhedron is released on the attachment and the biasing force of the spring can be effective suddenly and in full.
  • the release force to be applied by the release drive only needs to be a fraction of the preload force due to its course transverse to the force vector of the spring.
  • the catch hook engages again.
  • the active surface and the counter surface form an angle between 75 degrees and 90 degrees, preferably in the range between 80 and 85 degrees, in the locked position with the force vector of the spring accumulator.
  • the force vector of the trigger drive also forms an angle between 75 degrees and 105 degrees with the force vector of the spring accumulator, in particular it can also run at approximately the same angle as the active surface and the counter surface in the locked position.
  • the necessary triggering force of the trigger drive can be reduced to less than 1/15 of the pretensioning force.
  • the force vector of the trigger drive and the force vector of the spring accumulator expediently form a somewhat smaller angle than the latter with the active surface and the counter surface in the locked position.
  • a further advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the bearing axis of the polyhedron mounted on the catch hook is offset in the blocking position in relation to a line connecting the pivot axis of the catch hook and the bearing axis of the other polyhedron in the direction of the open side of the catch hook.
  • the two polyhedra are in the locked position in a kind of dead center position, so that the pretensioning force helps to keep the catch hook in the locked position and the polyhedron only has to be brought over the dead center position when triggered.
  • the trigger drive advantageously engages the catch hook via a pull rod.
  • the trigger drive can be designed, for example, as a short-stroke electromagnet, which acts on the pull rod via a lever linkage which may be translated.
  • the trigger drive engages the pull rod via a pin which is guided in an elongated hole extending in the longitudinal direction of the rod.
  • pull rod is locked in the locked position, for example a push bolt supporting its free end can be assigned to the pull rod.
  • This locking prevents untimely triggering, for example due to shocks during shooting, driving movements or the like.
  • the slide bolt must first be brought into an ineffective position. This can be done for example by an electric motor. Only then can the trigger drive pull the pull rod and thus swing out the catch hook in order to release the pretensioning force on the attachment.
  • the turret 1 of a tank can be seen, on the bottom 2 of which a partially ring-shaped magazine 3 with storeys 4 set vertically is arranged.
  • the weapon 5 is mounted on a cradle (not shown in any more detail) and can be raised in a vertical plane.
  • a loading device 6 is mounted, which can be pivoted about an axis 8 by means of a drive 7 and from an approximately vertical position in which a lock 4 'can be removed from the magazine 3 into a by means of a pivoting loading arm 9 shown loading position is pivotable. In this position, the projectile 4 ′ lying on a charging cradle 10 is in the attachment position in front of the base piece 11 or the breech 12 of the weapon 5.
  • a device for attaching the projectiles is arranged on the loading device 6, by means of which the projectile accelerates from position 4 'according to FIG. 1 via position 4' 'shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2 and in position 4' '' in the trains the weapon 5 is barred.
  • the attachment device has an attachment 17 (FIG. 2) which engages on the floor of the projectile.
  • the ratchet 17 is acted upon by the drive in the form of a spring accumulator which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, consists of two tension springs 18 arranged on both sides of the charging cradle 10, which are pretensioned in the position according to FIG. 1 and relaxed after the attachment (FIG. 2).
  • a tension drive 19 is assigned to the tension springs 18.
  • Fig. 3 shows the piecing 17, which runs in a guide 19 on the loading device 6.
  • the piecing has a nose 21 which extends downward in FIG. 3 and which cooperates with a fan hook 22 of the triggering device 20.
  • the catch hook 22 is pivotally mounted on a bolt 23, which in turn sits, for example, on the guide 19 and is acted upon by a leg spring 24 which is supported in a fixed manner and urges it into the locked position.
  • a polyhedron 27, 28 in the form of a hexagon is arranged on each mounted bolt 25, 26.
  • the hexagon 27 on the catch hook 22 forms a flat active surface 29 which interacts with a flat counter surface 30 on the hexagon.
  • the active surface 29 and the counter surface 30 bear against one another under pressure.
  • the surface pressure is determined by the biasing force of the tension springs 18.
  • the pretensioning force is received in the guide 19 via the catch hook 22.
  • the catch hook 22 and the nose 21 or the hexagon 27, 28 are assigned to one another such that the common plane 31 of the active surface 29 and the counter surface 30 with the force vector indicated in FIG. 3 by the arrow 32 encloses an angle of less than 90 degrees . Furthermore, the axis of rotation of the bearing pin 25 on the catch hook 22 is offset upwards from that of the bearing pin 26, as well as with respect to the pivot axis predetermined by the bolt 23 of the catch hook 22. This results in an over-dead center position in the blocked position, which prevents the piecer from being released prematurely.
  • the trigger device 20 has a trigger drive 33, e.g. an electromagnet, which acts on a bell crank 35 via a pull rod 34.
  • a trigger drive 33 e.g. an electromagnet
  • This in turn is mounted at 36 and engages via a bolt 37 fastened to it on a pull rod 38 which has an elongated hole 39 guiding the bolt 37.
  • the pull rod 38 the length of which is adjustable for adjustment purposes, is articulated to the catch hook 22.
  • the pull rod is moved in the direction of the force vector 45 by means of the trigger drive.
  • the force vector 45 forms an angle of less than 90 degrees with the force vector 32 of the tension springs 18. This angle is advantageously also somewhat smaller than that which the plane 31 of the active surface 29 and the counter surface 30 includes with the force vector 32.
  • a lock 40 is additionally provided for the pull rod 38 in order to maintain the blocking position even in the event of strong vibrations.
  • the lock 40 has a slide bolt 41 which engages in a fixed guide 42 and can be actuated by a servomotor 43.
  • the slide bolt 41 has a recess 44, into which the pull rod 38 can slide after the slide bolt 41 has been moved in the direction of the arrow 46 during the triggering process.
  • the operation of the trigger device 20 is as follows.
  • the release device 20 In the attachment position shown in FIG. 1, the release device 20 is in the locked position according to FIG. 3.
  • the tension springs 18 on both sides of the charging cradle 10 are pretensioned.
  • the servomotor 43 To trigger the piecing 17, the servomotor 43 is first excited, which moves the slide bolt 41 in the guide 42 in the direction of the arrow (to the right in FIG. 3), so that the recess 44 comes to lie below the free end of the pull rod 38. Then the electromagnet forming the trigger drive 33 is excited, which pulls the pull rod 38 in the direction of the arrow indicated downward via the pull rod 34, the angle lever 35 and the bolt 37.
  • the rotatably mounted hexagon 27, 28 roll on each other so that the catch hook 22 pivots downward about the bolt 23 until the hexagon 28 is released on the nose 21 of the piecing 17 so that it is accelerated by the tension springs thus released and transfers the acceleration force over the floor to the floor.
  • the tension springs 18 are moved back into the pretension position by means of the tensioning drive 19.
  • the piecing device 17 is moved back into the starting position according to FIG. 3.
  • the pull rod 38 is pressed upward in the direction opposite the arrow by means of the release drive 33, the catch hook 22 being carried along until the hexagons 27, 28 come into contact. These then roll on each other again until the active surface 29 and the counter surface 30 lie against one another and the catch hook likewise engages.
  • the slot 39 required for the entry of the two hexagon is guaranteed. If the catch hook 22 is in the locked position according to FIG. 3, the servomotor 43 is actuated again and the slide bolt 41 is pulled into the locking position according to FIG. 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A ramming device for projectiles in canons, especially armoured howitzers, consists of a linearly guided rammer (17) engaging on the bottom of the projectile, a prestressed spring accumulator (18) driving the rammer, and a release device (20) engaging on the rammer and absorbing the spring force in the blocked position. In order to absorb high ramming forces reliably and in a manner free of play and to release them violently with little effort required, the release device has a fixedly mounted catch hook (22) which interacts via a plane active surface (29) with a plane counter surface (30) on the rammer (17), the active surface and the counter surface are each a surface of a polyhedron (27, 28) mounted freely rotatably and, in the blocked position, extend at an angle of less than 90 degrees relative to the force vector (32) of the spring accumulator, and, to release the rammer, the catch hook is pivotable by means of a release drive (33) acting transversely relative to this force vector. …<IMAGE>…

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Ansetzen von Geschossen bei Rohrwaffen, insbesondere Panzerhaubitzen, bestehend aus einem am Boden des Geschosses angreifenden, linear geführten Ansetzer, einem diesen antreibenden, vorgespannten Federspeicher und einer am Ansetzer angreifenden, die Federkraft in der Sperrlage aufnehmenden Auslöseeinrichtung.The invention relates to a device for attaching projectiles to barrel weapons, in particular self-propelled howitzers, consisting of a linearly guided piecing device acting on the floor of the projectile, a preloaded spring accumulator driving the latter and a triggering device acting on the piecing device and absorbing the spring force in the locked position.

Beim Laden von Rohrwaffen wird das Geschoß manuell oder mechanisch in eine Position vor dem Bodenstück der Waffe gebracht, in der es auf einer Ladeschale aufliegt und seine Achse mit der Seelenachse des Rohrs fluchtet. Aus dieser Position heraus wird das Geschoß mittels des Ansetzers in das Rohr beschleunigt und im Rohr verrammt. Der Antrieb des Ansetzers muß dem Geschoß also eine hohe Beschleunigung auf einer vergleichsweise kurzen Strecke erteilen, was entsprechend hohe Antriebskräfte und deren kurzfristige Freisetzung erfordert.When loading barrel weapons, the projectile is manually or mechanically brought into a position in front of the base of the weapon, in which it rests on a loading cradle and its axis is aligned with the core axis of the barrel. From this position, the projectile is accelerated into the tube by means of the piecer and locked in the tube. The drive of the piecing must therefore give the projectile high acceleration over a comparatively short distance, which requires correspondingly high driving forces and their short-term release.

Als Antrieb für den Ansetzer haben sich Federspeicher, z. B. motorisch vorgespannte Schraubenfedern bewährt (EP-A-256 250). In der vorgespannten Lage wird die Federkraft von einer den Ansetzer zurückhaltenden Auslöseeinrichtung aufgenommen.Spring drives, e.g. B. proven motor-biased coil springs (EP-A-256 250). In the pretensioned position, the spring force is absorbed by a release device which retains the piecing device.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, für eine Vorrichtung des eingangs genannten Aufbaus eine Auslöseeinrichtung vorzuschlagen, die bei einfachem und platzsparendem Aufbau und sicherer Funktion große Vorspannkräfte bei vergleichsweise kleiner Auslösekraft aufnehmen kann.The invention is based on the object of proposing a triggering device for a device of the structure mentioned at the outset which, with a simple and space-saving structure and reliable function, can absorb large pretensioning forces with a comparatively small triggering force.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Auslöseeinrichtung einen ortsfest gelagerten Fanghaken aufweist, der über eine ebene Wirkfläche mit einer ebenen Gegenfläche am Ansetzer zusammenwirkt, daß die Wirkfläche und die Gegenfläche jeweils eine Fläche eines frei drehbar gelagerten Vielflächners sind und in der Sperrlage unter einem Winkel kleiner 90 Grad zum Kraftvektor des Federspeichers verlaufen, und daß der Fanghaken zum Auslösen des Ansetzers mittels eines quer zu diesem Kraftvektor wirkenden Auslöseantriebs schwenkbar ist.This object is achieved in that the release device has a fixedly mounted catch hook, which interacts via a flat active surface with a flat counter surface on the piecing, that the active surface and the counter surface are each a surface of a freely rotatable multi-surface element and in the locked position under one Angles of less than 90 degrees to the force vector of the spring accumulator run, and that the catch hook for triggering the piecer can be pivoted by means of a trigger drive acting transversely to this force vector.

Die am Fanghaken und am Ansetzer angeordneten Vielflächner, die beispielsweise als Sechskant ausgebildet sein können, wirken in der Sperrlage über je eine ihrer ebenen Flächen, die einander anliegen, zusammen. Aufgrund der ebenen Ausbildung von Wirkfläche und Gegenfläche wird die Vorspannkraft auf einer stets genau definierten, vergleichsweise großen Fläche aufgenommen. Dadurch, daß sich die Wirkfläche und die Gegenfläche in der Sperrlage unter einem Winkel von weniger als 90 Grad zum Kraftvektor der Feder erstrekken, ist eine sichere Verriegelung gegeben. Der Auslöseantrieb greift quer zum Kraftvektor der Feder am Fanghaken an und zieht diesen unter Abwälzen der beiden Vielflächner in die Auslöselage, so daß der Vielflächner am Ansetzer freikommt und die Vorspannkraft der Feder schlagartig und in voller Höhe wirksam werden kann. Die vom Auslöseantrieb aufzubringende Auslösekraft braucht aufgrund ihres Verlaufs quer zum Kraftvektor der Feder nur ein Bruchteil der Vorspannkraft betragen. Beim Zurückfahren des Ansetzers, bei dem auch der Federspeicher wieder gespannt wird, fällt der Fanghaken wieder ein. Durch geeignete konstruktive Mittel, z. B. ein entsprechendes Spiel zwischen Auslöseantrieb und Fanghaken ist gewährleistet, daß die beiden Vielflächner sich in eine stabile Lage abwälzen, in der sie über Wirkfläche und Gegenfläche einander anliegen.The polyhedron arranged on the catch hook and on the ratchet, which can be designed, for example, as a hexagon, act together in the blocking position over one of their flat surfaces which lie against one another. Due to the flat design of the active surface and the counter surface, the preload force is absorbed on an always precisely defined, comparatively large surface. Because the active surface and the counter surface extend in the locked position at an angle of less than 90 degrees to the force vector of the spring, a secure locking is provided. The trigger drive acts transversely to the force vector of the spring on the catch hook and pulls this while rolling the two polyhedron into the release position, so that the polyhedron is released on the attachment and the biasing force of the spring can be effective suddenly and in full. The release force to be applied by the release drive only needs to be a fraction of the preload force due to its course transverse to the force vector of the spring. When the ratchet is retracted, in which the spring accumulator is also tensioned again, the catch hook engages again. By suitable constructive means, e.g. B. a corresponding game between the trigger drive and catch hook is ensured that the two polyhedron roll in a stable position in which they rest on the active surface and the counter surface.

Vorteilhafterweise bilden die Wirkfläche und die Gegenfläche in der Sperrlage mit dem Kraftvektor des Federspeichers einen Winkel zwischen 75 Grad und 90 Grad, vorzugsweise im Bereich zwischen 80 und 85 Grad.Advantageously, the active surface and the counter surface form an angle between 75 degrees and 90 degrees, preferably in the range between 80 and 85 degrees, in the locked position with the force vector of the spring accumulator.

In weiterhin vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung bildet der Kraftvektor des Auslöseantriebs mit dem Kraftvektor des Federspeichers gleichfalls einen Winkel zwischen 75 Grad und 105 Grad, insbesondere kann er auch etwa unter dem gleichen Winkel verlaufen wie die Wirkfläche und die Gegenfläche in der Sperrlage. Dadurch läßt sich die notwendige Auslösekraft des Auslöseantriebs bis auf weniger als 1/15 der Vorspannkraft reduzieren.In a further advantageous embodiment, the force vector of the trigger drive also forms an angle between 75 degrees and 105 degrees with the force vector of the spring accumulator, in particular it can also run at approximately the same angle as the active surface and the counter surface in the locked position. As a result, the necessary triggering force of the trigger drive can be reduced to less than 1/15 of the pretensioning force.

Der Kraftvektor des Auslöseantriebs und der Kraftvektor des Federspeichers schließen zweckmäßigerweise einen etwas kleineren Winkel ein als letzterer mit der Wirkfläche und der Gegenfläche in der Sperrlage.The force vector of the trigger drive and the force vector of the spring accumulator expediently form a somewhat smaller angle than the latter with the active surface and the counter surface in the locked position.

Eine weiterhin vorteilhafte Ausführungsform zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß die Lagerachse des am Fanghaken gelagerten Vielflächners in der Sperrlage gegenüber einer die Schwenkachse des Fanghakens und die Lagerachse des anderen Vielflächners verbindenden Linie in Richtung zur offenen Seite des Fanghakens versetzt ist.A further advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the bearing axis of the polyhedron mounted on the catch hook is offset in the blocking position in relation to a line connecting the pivot axis of the catch hook and the bearing axis of the other polyhedron in the direction of the open side of the catch hook.

Durch die vorgenannte Ausbildung befinden sich die beiden Vielflächner in der Sperrlage in einer Art Übertotpunktlage, so daß die Vorspannkraft dazu beiträgt, den Fanghaken in der Sperrlage zu halten und die Vielflächner beim Auslösen erst über die Totpunktlage gebracht werden müssen.Due to the aforementioned training, the two polyhedra are in the locked position in a kind of dead center position, so that the pretensioning force helps to keep the catch hook in the locked position and the polyhedron only has to be brought over the dead center position when triggered.

Vorteilhafterweise greift der Auslöseantrieb über eine Zugstange am Fanghaken an. Der Auslöseantrieb kann beispielsweise als kurzhubiger Elektromagnet ausgebildet sein, der über ein gegebenenfalls übersetzendes Hebelgestänge auf die Zugstange wirkt.The trigger drive advantageously engages the catch hook via a pull rod. The trigger drive can be designed, for example, as a short-stroke electromagnet, which acts on the pull rod via a lever linkage which may be translated.

Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel greift der Auslöseantrieb über einen Zapfen, der in einem sich in Längsrichtung der Stange erstreckenden Langloch geführt ist, an der Zugstange an. Aufgrund dieser Verbindung zwischen Auslöseantrieb und Zugstange ist das für ein einwandfreies "Verrasten" der Vielflächner in der Sperrlage notwendige Spiel gegeben.According to one embodiment, the trigger drive engages the pull rod via a pin which is guided in an elongated hole extending in the longitudinal direction of the rod. On Because of this connection between the release drive and the pull rod, there is the play necessary for a correct "locking" of the polyhedron in the locked position.

Es ist weiterhin von Vorteil, wenn die Zugstange in der Sperrlage verriegelt ist, beispielsweise kann der Zugstange ein ihr freies Ende abstützender Schubriegel zugeordnet sein.It is also advantageous if the pull rod is locked in the locked position, for example a push bolt supporting its free end can be assigned to the pull rod.

Diese Verriegelung verhindert ein unzeitiges Auslösen, beispielsweise durch Erschütterungen beim Schießen, Fahrbewegungen oder dergleichen. Zum Ansetzen muß zunächst der Schubriegel in eine unwirksame Lage gebracht werden. Dies kann beispielsweise elektromotorisch erfolgen. Erst dann kann der Auslöseantrieb die Zugstange ziehen und damit den Fanghaken ausschwenken, um die Vorspannkraft auf den Ansetzer freizugeben.This locking prevents untimely triggering, for example due to shocks during shooting, driving movements or the like. To start, the slide bolt must first be brought into an ineffective position. This can be done for example by an electric motor. Only then can the trigger drive pull the pull rod and thus swing out the catch hook in order to release the pretensioning force on the attachment.

Nachstehend ist die Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung wiedergegebenen Ausführungsbeispiels beschrieben. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht einer Ladeeinrichtung an einer Panzerhaubitze vor dem Ansetzen eines Geschosses;
  • Figur 2 eine der Fig. 2 entsprechende Ansicht während des Ansetzens, und
  • Figur 3 eine vergrößerte Ansicht der Auslöseeinrichtung des Ansetzers.
The invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. The drawing shows:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a loading device on a self-propelled howitzer before attaching a projectile;
  • Figure 2 is a view corresponding to Fig. 2 during attachment, and
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the triggering device of the piecer.

In der Fig. 1 oder 2 ist der Turm 1 eines Panzers erkennbar, auf dessen Boden 2 ein teilringförmiges Magazin 3 mit senkrecht eingestellten Geschossen 4 angeordnet ist. An einer nicht näher gezeigten Wiege ist die Waffe 5 gelagert, die in einer senkrechten Ebene elevierbar ist. Am Wiegenkörper der Waffe 5 ist eine Ladeeinrichtung 6 gelagert, die mittels eines Antriebs 7 um eine Achse 8 schwenkbar ist und aus einer etwa senkrechten Position, in der mittels eines ausschwenkbaren Ladearms 9 ein Geschloß 4 ' aus dem Magazin 3 entnommen werden kann, in die gezeigte Ladestellung schwenkbar ist. In dieser Stellung befindet sich das auf einer Ladeschale 10 liegende Geschoß 4 ' in der Ansetzposition vor dem Bodenstück 11 bzw. dem Verschluß 12 der Waffe 5.1 or 2, the turret 1 of a tank can be seen, on the bottom 2 of which a partially ring-shaped magazine 3 with storeys 4 set vertically is arranged. The weapon 5 is mounted on a cradle (not shown in any more detail) and can be raised in a vertical plane. On the cradle body of the weapon 5, a loading device 6 is mounted, which can be pivoted about an axis 8 by means of a drive 7 and from an approximately vertical position in which a lock 4 'can be removed from the magazine 3 into a by means of a pivoting loading arm 9 shown loading position is pivotable. In this position, the projectile 4 ′ lying on a charging cradle 10 is in the attachment position in front of the base piece 11 or the breech 12 of the weapon 5.

Auf der Ladeeinrichtung 6 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Ansetzen der Geschosse angeordnet, mittels der das Geschoß aus der Position 4 ' gemäß Fig. 1 uber die in Fig. 2 gestrichelt gezeigte Position 4 ' ' beschleunigt und in der Position 4 ' ' ' in den Zügen der Waffe 5 verrammt wird. Die Ansetzvorrichtung weist zu diesem Zweck einen Ansetzer 17 (Fig. 2) auf, der am Boden des Geschosses angreift. Auf den Ansetzer 17 wirkt der Antrieb in Form eines Federspeichers, der beim gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel aus zwei zu beiden Seiten der Ladeschale 10 angeordneten Zugfedern 18 besteht, die in der Position gemäß Fig. 1 vorgespannt und nach dem Ansetzen (Fig. 2) entspannt sind. Den Zugfedern 18 ist ein Spannantrieb 19 zugeordnet.A device for attaching the projectiles is arranged on the loading device 6, by means of which the projectile accelerates from position 4 'according to FIG. 1 via position 4' 'shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2 and in position 4' '' in the trains the weapon 5 is barred. For this purpose, the attachment device has an attachment 17 (FIG. 2) which engages on the floor of the projectile. The ratchet 17 is acted upon by the drive in the form of a spring accumulator which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, consists of two tension springs 18 arranged on both sides of the charging cradle 10, which are pretensioned in the position according to FIG. 1 and relaxed after the attachment (FIG. 2). A tension drive 19 is assigned to the tension springs 18.

Dem Ansetzer 17 ist eine in Fig. 3 näher gezeigte Auslöseeinrichtung 20 zugeordnet, die in der Ansetzposition gemäß Fig. 1 die Reaktionskräfte der Zugfedern 18 aufnimmt und für eine schlagartige Freigabe der Vorspannkräfte sorgt. Fig. 3 zeigt den Ansetzer 17, der in einer Führung 19 an der Ladeeinrichtung 6 läuft. Der Ansetzer weist eine in Fig. 3 nach unten reichende Nase 21 auf, die mit einem Fankhaken 22 der Auslöseeinrichtung 20 zusammenwirkt. Der Fanghaken 22 ist an einem Bolzen 23 schwenkbar gelagert, der seinerseits beispielsweise an der Führung 19 sitzt, und von einer ortsfest abgestützten Schenkelfeder 24 beaufschlagt wird, die ihn in die Sperrlage drängt.A triggering device 20, which is shown in more detail in FIG. 3, is assigned to the piecing device 17, which in the piecing position according to FIG. 1 absorbs the reaction forces of the tension springs 18 and ensures an abrupt release of the biasing forces. Fig. 3 shows the piecing 17, which runs in a guide 19 on the loading device 6. The piecing has a nose 21 which extends downward in FIG. 3 and which cooperates with a fan hook 22 of the triggering device 20. The catch hook 22 is pivotally mounted on a bolt 23, which in turn sits, for example, on the guide 19 and is acted upon by a leg spring 24 which is supported in a fixed manner and urges it into the locked position.

Am Fanghaken 22 und an der Nase 21 des Ansetzers 17 ist an je einem gelagerten Bolzen 25, 26 ein Vielflächner 27, 28 in Form eines Sechskantes angeordnet. Der Sechskant 27 am Fanghaken 22 bildet eine ebene Wirkfläche 29, die mit einer ebenen Gegenfläche 30 am Sechskant zusammenwirkt. In der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Ansetzposition liegen Wirkfläche 29 und Gegenfläche 30 unter Pressung einander an. Die Flächenpressung wird durch die Vorspannkraft der Zugfedern 18 bestimmt. Über den Fanghaken 22 wird die Vorspannkraft in der Führung 19 aufgenommen.On the catch hook 22 and on the nose 21 of the piecing 17, a polyhedron 27, 28 in the form of a hexagon is arranged on each mounted bolt 25, 26. The hexagon 27 on the catch hook 22 forms a flat active surface 29 which interacts with a flat counter surface 30 on the hexagon. In the attachment position shown in FIG. 3, the active surface 29 and the counter surface 30 bear against one another under pressure. The surface pressure is determined by the biasing force of the tension springs 18. The pretensioning force is received in the guide 19 via the catch hook 22.

Der Fanghaken 22 und die Nase 21 bzw. die Sechskante 27, 28 sind so einander zugeordnet, daß die gemeinsame Ebene 31 von Wirkfläche 29 und Gegenfläche 30 mit dem in Fig. 3 mit dem Pfeil 32 angedeuteten Kraftvektor einen Winkel von weniger als 90 Grad einschließt. Ferner ist die Drehachse des Lagerzapfens 25 am Fanghaken 22 gegenüber derjenigen des Lagerzapfens 26, wie auch gegenüber der durch den Bolzen 23 des Fanghakens 22 vorgegebenen Schwenkachse nach oben versetzt. Dadurch ergibt sich in der Sperrlage eine Übertotpunktlage, die ein unzeitiges Lösen des Ansetzers verhindert.The catch hook 22 and the nose 21 or the hexagon 27, 28 are assigned to one another such that the common plane 31 of the active surface 29 and the counter surface 30 with the force vector indicated in FIG. 3 by the arrow 32 encloses an angle of less than 90 degrees . Furthermore, the axis of rotation of the bearing pin 25 on the catch hook 22 is offset upwards from that of the bearing pin 26, as well as with respect to the pivot axis predetermined by the bolt 23 of the catch hook 22. This results in an over-dead center position in the blocked position, which prevents the piecer from being released prematurely.

Die Auslöseeinrichtung 20 weist einen Auslöseantrieb 33, z.B. einen Elektromagnet, auf, der über eine Zugstange 34 auf einen Winkelhebel 35 wirkt. Dieser wiederum ist bei 36 gelagert und greift über einen an ihm befestigten Bolzen 37 an einer Zugstange 38 an, die ein den Bolzen 37 führendes Langloch 39 aufweist. Die Zugstange 38, deren Länge zu Justagezwecken einstellbar ist, ist mit dem Fanghaken 22 gelenkig verbunden. Die Zugstange wird mittels des Auslöseantriebs in Richtung des Kraftvektors 45 bewegt. Der Kraftvektor 45 schließt mit dem Kraftvektor 32 der Zugfedern 18 einen Winkel kleiner 90 Grad ein. Dieser Winkel ist mit Vorteil auch noch etwas kleiner als derjenige, den die Ebene 31 der Wirkfläche 29 und der Gegenfläche 30 mit dem Kraftvektor 32 einschließt.The trigger device 20 has a trigger drive 33, e.g. an electromagnet, which acts on a bell crank 35 via a pull rod 34. This in turn is mounted at 36 and engages via a bolt 37 fastened to it on a pull rod 38 which has an elongated hole 39 guiding the bolt 37. The pull rod 38, the length of which is adjustable for adjustment purposes, is articulated to the catch hook 22. The pull rod is moved in the direction of the force vector 45 by means of the trigger drive. The force vector 45 forms an angle of less than 90 degrees with the force vector 32 of the tension springs 18. This angle is advantageously also somewhat smaller than that which the plane 31 of the active surface 29 and the counter surface 30 includes with the force vector 32.

In der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Sperrlage, die aufgrund der Übertotpunktlage, in der sich die beiden Sechskante 27, 28, befinden, an sich stabil ist, ist zusätzlich eine Verriegelung 40 für die Zugstange 38 vorgesehen, um die Sperrlage auch bei starken Erschütterungen aufrechtzuerhalten. Die Verriegelung 40 weist einen Schubriegel 41 auf, der in eine ortsfeste Führung 42 eingreift und von einem Stellmotor 43 betätigbar ist. Der Schubriegel 41 weist eine Aussparung 44 auf, in die die Zugstange 38 nach Verschieben des Schubriegels 41 in Richtung des Pfeils 46 während des Auslösevorgangs eintauchen kann.In the locked position shown in Fig. 3, the Due to the dead center position, in which the two hexagons 27, 28 are located, is stable per se, a lock 40 is additionally provided for the pull rod 38 in order to maintain the blocking position even in the event of strong vibrations. The lock 40 has a slide bolt 41 which engages in a fixed guide 42 and can be actuated by a servomotor 43. The slide bolt 41 has a recess 44, into which the pull rod 38 can slide after the slide bolt 41 has been moved in the direction of the arrow 46 during the triggering process.

Die Funktionsweise der Auslöseeinrichtung 20 ist wie folgt.The operation of the trigger device 20 is as follows.

In der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ansetzposition befindet sich die Auslöseeinrichtung 20 in der Sperrlage gemäß Fig. 3. Die Zugfedern 18 beiderseits der Ladeschale 10 sind vorgespannt. Zum Auslösen des Ansetzers 17 wird zunächst der Stellmotor 43 erregt, der den Schubriegel 41 in der Führung 42 in Richtung des Pfeils (in Fig. 3 nach rechts) verschiebt, so daß die Aussparung 44 unterhalb des freien Endes der Zugstange 38 zu liegen kommt. Anschließend wird der den Auslöseantrieb 33 bildende Elektromagnet erregt, der über die Zugstange 34, den Winkelhebel 35 und den Bolzen 37 die Zugstange 38 in Richtung des angedeuteten Pfeils nach unten zieht. Dabei wälzen sich die drehbar gelagerten Sechskante 27, 28 aufeinander ab, so daß der Fanghaken 22 um den Bolzen 23 nach unten schwenkt, bis der Sechskant 28 an der Nase 21 des Ansetzers 17 freikommt, so daß dieser von den damit freigegebenen Zugfedern beschleunigt wird und die Beschleunigungskraft über den Boden auf das Geschoß überträgt.In the attachment position shown in FIG. 1, the release device 20 is in the locked position according to FIG. 3. The tension springs 18 on both sides of the charging cradle 10 are pretensioned. To trigger the piecing 17, the servomotor 43 is first excited, which moves the slide bolt 41 in the guide 42 in the direction of the arrow (to the right in FIG. 3), so that the recess 44 comes to lie below the free end of the pull rod 38. Then the electromagnet forming the trigger drive 33 is excited, which pulls the pull rod 38 in the direction of the arrow indicated downward via the pull rod 34, the angle lever 35 and the bolt 37. The rotatably mounted hexagon 27, 28 roll on each other so that the catch hook 22 pivots downward about the bolt 23 until the hexagon 28 is released on the nose 21 of the piecing 17 so that it is accelerated by the tension springs thus released and transfers the acceleration force over the floor to the floor.

Nach dem Ansetzen des Geschosses (Fig. 2) werden die Zugfedern 18 mittels des Spannantriebs 19 wieder in die Vorspannlage bewegt. Zugleich wird der Ansetzer 17 in die Ausgangslage gemäß Fig. 3 zurückgefahren. Nach Erreichen der Endlage wird die Zugstange 38 mittels des Auslöseantriebs 33 in der dem gezeigten Pfeil umgekehrten Richtung nach oben gedrückt, wobei der Fanghaken 22 mitgenommen wird, bis die Sechskante 27, 28 in Kontakt kommen. Diese wälzen sich dann wiederum aufeinander ab, bis die Wirkfläche 29 und die Gegenfläche 30 einander anliegen und der Fanghaken gleichermaßen einrastet. Das für das Einlaufen der beiden Sechskante notwenige Spiel ist durch das Langloch 39 gewährleistet. Befindet sich der Fanghaken 22 in der Sperrlage gemäß Fig. 3, wird wiederum der Stellmotor 43 betätigt und der Schubriegel 41 in die Verriegelungsstellung gemäß Fig. 3 gezogen.After the projectile has been attached (FIG. 2), the tension springs 18 are moved back into the pretension position by means of the tensioning drive 19. At the same time, the piecing device 17 is moved back into the starting position according to FIG. 3. After the end position has been reached, the pull rod 38 is pressed upward in the direction opposite the arrow by means of the release drive 33, the catch hook 22 being carried along until the hexagons 27, 28 come into contact. These then roll on each other again until the active surface 29 and the counter surface 30 lie against one another and the catch hook likewise engages. The slot 39 required for the entry of the two hexagon is guaranteed. If the catch hook 22 is in the locked position according to FIG. 3, the servomotor 43 is actuated again and the slide bolt 41 is pulled into the locking position according to FIG. 3.

Claims (9)

1. Vorrichtung zum Ansetzen von Geschossen bei Rohrwaffen, insbesondere Panzerhaubitzen, bestehend aus einem am Boden des Geschosses angreifenden, linear geführten Ansetzer, einem diesen antreibenden, vorgespannten Federspeicher und einer am Ansetzer angreifenden, die Federkraft in der Sperrlage aufnehmenden Auslöseeinrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auslöseeinrichtung (20) einen ortsfest gelagerten Fanghaken (22) aufweist, der über eine ebene Wirkfläche (29) mit einer ebenen Gegenfläche (30) am Ansetzer (17) zusammenwirkt, daß die Wirkfläche (29) und die Gegenfläche (30) jeweils eine Fläche eines frei drehbar gelagerten Vielflächners (27, 28) sind und in der Sperrlage unter einem Winkel kleiner 90 Grad zum Kraftvektor (32) des Federspeichers (18) verlaufen, und daß der Fanghaken (22) zum Auslösen des Ansetzers (17) mittels eines quer zu diesem Kraftvektor (32) wirkenden Auslöseantriebs (33) verschwenkbar ist.1. Device for attaching projectiles to tubular weapons, in particular self-propelled howitzers, consisting of a linearly guided piecing device attacking the floor of the projectile, a prestressed spring-loaded actuator driving this and a piecing device triggering the spring force in the blocking position, releasing device, characterized in that the triggering device (20) has a fixedly mounted catch hook (22) which interacts via a flat active surface (29) with a flat counter surface (30) on the piecing device (17) that the active surface (29) and the counter surface (30) each have one Surface of a freely rotatable polyhedron (27, 28) are and in the locked position at an angle less than 90 degrees to the force vector (32) of the spring accumulator (18), and that the catch hook (22) for triggering the piecing (17) by means of a Tripping drive (33) acting transversely to this force vector (32) can be pivoted. 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wirkfläche (29) und die Gegenfläche (30) in der Sperrlage mit dem Kraftvektor (32) des Federspeichers (18) einen Winkel zwischen 75 Grad und 90 Grad bildet.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the active surface (29) and the counter surface (30) in the locked position with the force vector (32) of the spring accumulator (18) forms an angle between 75 degrees and 90 degrees. 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kraftvektor (45) des Auslöseantriebs (33) mit dem Kraftvektor (32) des Federspeichers (18) einen Winkel zwischen 75 Grad und 105 Grad bildet.3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the force vector (45) of the trigger drive (33) with the force vector (32) of the spring accumulator (18) forms an angle between 75 degrees and 105 degrees. 4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kraftvektor (45) des Auslöseantriebs (33) und der Kraftvektor (32) des Federspeichers (18) einen etwas kleineren Winkel einschließen als dieser mit der Wirkfläche (29) und der Gegenfläche (30) in der Sperrlage.4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the force vector (45) of the trigger drive (33) and the force vector (32) of the spring accumulator (18) enclose a somewhat smaller angle than this with the active surface (29) and the counter surface (30) in the locked position. 5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lagerachse (25) des am Fanghaken (22) gelagerten Vielflächners (27) in der Sperrlage gegenüber einer die Schwenkachse (23) des Fanghakens (22) und die Lagerachse (26) des anderen Vielflächners (28) verbindenden Linie in Richtung zur offenen Seite des Fanghakens (22) versetzt ist.5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bearing axis (25) of the multi-surface bearing (27) mounted on the catch hook (22) in the blocking position relative to the pivot axis (23) of the catch hook (22) and the bearing axis ( 26) of the other polyhedron (28) connecting line is offset in the direction of the open side of the catch hook (22). 6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Auslöseantrieb (33) über eine Zugstange (38) am Fanghaken (22) angreift.6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the trigger drive (33) engages via a pull rod (38) on the catch hook (22). 7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Auslöseantrieb (33) über einen Bolzen (37), der in einem sich in Längsrichtung der Zugstange (38) erstreckenden Langloch (39) geführt ist, an der Zugstange angreift.7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the trigger drive (33) engages on the pull rod via a bolt (37) which is guided in an elongated hole (39) extending in the longitudinal direction of the pull rod (38). 8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zugstange (38) in der Sperrlage verriegelt ist.8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pull rod (38) is locked in the locked position. 9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zugstange (38) ein ihr freies Ende abstützender Schubriegel (41) zugeordnet ist.9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pull rod (38) is associated with a push bar supporting its free end (41).
EP91106562A 1990-06-30 1991-04-24 Ramming device for canons, especially howitzers Withdrawn EP0464332A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4020923 1990-06-30
DE4020923A DE4020923A1 (en) 1990-06-30 1990-06-30 DEVICE FOR THE APPLICATION OF BULLETED PISTON WEAPONS, IN PARTICULAR TANK BOWS

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EP0464332A1 true EP0464332A1 (en) 1992-01-08

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EP (1) EP0464332A1 (en)
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CN102288069A (en) * 2011-06-16 2011-12-21 南京理工大学 Coordinator capable of achieving filling under condition of dynamic and random firing angle

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FR2754889B1 (en) * 1996-10-18 1998-11-27 Giat Ind Sa DEVICE FOR DELIVERING INSIDE THE TUBE OF A CANNON AMMUNITION TAKEN FROM A STORE AND FOR REMOVING FROM SAID TUBE AN AMMUNITION TO REPLACE IT IN THE STORE
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CN102288069A (en) * 2011-06-16 2011-12-21 南京理工大学 Coordinator capable of achieving filling under condition of dynamic and random firing angle
CN102288069B (en) * 2011-06-16 2013-06-19 南京理工大学 Coordinator capable of achieving filling under condition of dynamic and random firing angle

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US5177319A (en) 1993-01-05

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