EP0463991B1 - Dispensing cartridge with a supply cylinder and an expulsion piston - Google Patents

Dispensing cartridge with a supply cylinder and an expulsion piston Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0463991B1
EP0463991B1 EP91810458A EP91810458A EP0463991B1 EP 0463991 B1 EP0463991 B1 EP 0463991B1 EP 91810458 A EP91810458 A EP 91810458A EP 91810458 A EP91810458 A EP 91810458A EP 0463991 B1 EP0463991 B1 EP 0463991B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air evacuation
dispensing cartridge
bore
closure
piston
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91810458A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0463991A1 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm A. Keller
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Individual
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
    • B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
    • B05C17/00576—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes characterised by the construction of a piston as pressure exerting means, or of the co-operating container
    • B05C17/00579—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes characterised by the construction of a piston as pressure exerting means, or of the co-operating container comprising means for allowing entrapped air to escape to the atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/0005—Containers or packages provided with a piston or with a movable bottom or partition having approximately the same section as the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2205/00—Venting means
    • B65D2205/04—Venting means for venting during the initial insertion of a piston

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dispensing cartridge with storage cylinder and delivery piston according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a dispensing cartridge is known from FR-A-2 626 248 and is preferably intended for cosmetic products.
  • the delivery piston is double-walled and the vent hole is closed by a pin working as a valve. The air escaping when the delivery piston is pushed in flows through the vent hole and escapes through a gap on the side, which is closed by the piston end.
  • Such a delivery plunger or closure of the vent hole is not suitable for discharge cartridges for industrial purposes with environmentally harmful fillers and, moreover, exact control of the complete venting is not possible, so that either the venting is incomplete or the filler compound can escape to the outside.
  • a discharge cartridge which also has a vent hole and a delivery piston bottom, the bottom surface of which is continuously recessed towards the vent hole and in which the vent hole is closed by a closure independent of the delivery piston .
  • this feed plunger filling compound can reach its rear surface when it is pressed in.
  • FIG. 1 shows the discharge cartridge 1 with the storage cylinder 2, which is closed at the bottom by a lockable outlet 3.
  • the cylinder 2 in FIG. 1 already contains the precisely weighed amount of the filling compound 4.
  • a delivery piston 5 in the wall of which an O-ring 6 is inserted in order to seal it.
  • the delivery piston is usually made of a dimensionally stable material. Instead of an O-ring, an elastic sealing lip molded onto the piston rim can be provided, which rests against the inner wall of the cylinder. The contents of the cartridge are stored in the storage cylinder and later pressed out through the outlet when in use.
  • the bore 9 is closed by a closure 10, which in the present example, see FIG. 2, can be locked in an annular groove 13 by means of a bead 11 on the head 12 of the closure.
  • the bead is attached to a resilient collar, which ensures that the bead is pressed against the annular groove 13.
  • the vent hole 9 has, see Figure 3, seen from a certain height from the bottom surface, a cross-sectional constriction, for example in the form of a cross recess 14, the constriction serving as a restrictor against rapid pouring out of the filling compound after the filling process has ended. This ensures complete ventilation.
  • a cross-sectional constriction for example in the form of a cross recess 14, the constriction serving as a restrictor against rapid pouring out of the filling compound after the filling process has ended. This ensures complete ventilation.
  • the slots or inner grooves can also be designed differently and in different numbers.
  • the bottom surface of the piston has an arrangement of radially extending, slot-shaped depressions 15, which open out at the vent hole.
  • the piston can have radial ribs 16 above its bottom surface. The radially extending, slot-shaped depressions 15 and the ribs 16 are shown and drawn in all details in the aforementioned application.
  • a ventilation chamber 17 is arranged around the cylindrical ventilation bore 9, which is formed by a circumferential sealing cylinder 18 which is arranged at a distance from the wall 19 which forms the cylindrical ventilation bore 9 and in the inner surface of which the annular groove 13 is formed.
  • slots 20 are made, from which the filling compound can emerge, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the filling compound can be filled, for example, from below through the open outlet 3, the exact volume of this compound being introduced by a metering device.
  • the outlet 3 is then closed.
  • the delivery piston is inserted into the cylinder from above and pressed down against the filling compound until all air has escaped from under the piston head through the vent hole with throttle.
  • the complete ventilation can be visual are followed and occurred when the filling compound emerges from the slots 20 of the wall 19 and is pressed into the overflow chamber.
  • the closure 10 can then be pressed in until the bead 11 engages in the annular groove 13 and the shoulder 21 rests on the closure on the end face 22 of the wall 19. In the position shown in FIG. 2, the discharge cartridge is ready to enable the filling compound to be discharged precisely.
  • the filling compound can, of course, also be filled in on the delivery piston side when the outlet 3 is closed, this depending on the filling system and the metering devices.
  • a closure screw can also be used, which can be formed similarly to the aforementioned EP-A-344 491, but must have a head which seals the overflow chamber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Austragkartusche mit Vorratszylinder und Förderkolben gemäss Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1. Eine solche Austragkartusche ist aus der FR-A-2 626 248 bekannt und ist vorzugsweise für kosmetische Produkte vorgesehen. Der Förderkolben ist doppelwandig ausgebildet und die Entlüftungsbohrung wird von einem als Ventil arbeitenden Stift abgeschlossen. Die beim Hineinstossen des Förderkolbens entweichende Luft strömt durch die Entlüftungsbohrung und entweicht durch einen seitlich angeordneten Spalt, der durch den Kolbenabschluss verschlossen wird. Ein solcher Förderkolben, bzw. Verschluss der Entlüftungsbohrung ist für Austragkartuschen für industrielle Zwecke mit umweltschädlichen Füllmassen nicht geeignet und ausserdem ist eine genaue Kontrolle der vollständigen Entlüftung nicht möglich, so dass entweder die Entlüftung nicht vollständig ist oder Füllmasse nach aussen gelangen kann.The present invention relates to a dispensing cartridge with storage cylinder and delivery piston according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a dispensing cartridge is known from FR-A-2 626 248 and is preferably intended for cosmetic products. The delivery piston is double-walled and the vent hole is closed by a pin working as a valve. The air escaping when the delivery piston is pushed in flows through the vent hole and escapes through a gap on the side, which is closed by the piston end. Such a delivery plunger or closure of the vent hole is not suitable for discharge cartridges for industrial purposes with environmentally harmful fillers and, moreover, exact control of the complete venting is not possible, so that either the venting is incomplete or the filler compound can escape to the outside.

Es ist ferner aus der EP-A-344 491 des gleichen Anmelders eine Austragkartusche bekannt, die ebenfalls eine Entlüftungsbohrung aufweist und einen Förderkolben-Boden, dessen Bodenfläche zu der Entlüftungsbohrung stetig vertieft ist und bei der die Entlüftungsbohrung von einem vom Förderkolben unabhängigen Verschluss verschlossen ist. Bei diesem Förderkolben kann bei seinem Hineinpressen Füllmasse zu seiner rückseitigen Oberfläche gelangen.From EP-A-344 491 by the same applicant, a discharge cartridge is also known, which also has a vent hole and a delivery piston bottom, the bottom surface of which is continuously recessed towards the vent hole and in which the vent hole is closed by a closure independent of the delivery piston . With this feed plunger, filling compound can reach its rear surface when it is pressed in.

Es ist von diesem Stand der Technik ausgehend Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Austragkartusche anzugeben, bei der beim Hineinpressen des Förderkolbens die vollständige Entlüftung genau kontrolliert werden kann und beim Verschliessen der Entlüftungsbohrung herausfliessendes Material nicht mehr zur Rückseite des Förderkolbens gelangen kann. Diese Aufgabe wird mit der Austragkartusche nach Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.Based on this prior art, it is the object of the present invention to provide a discharge cartridge in which the complete ventilation can be precisely controlled when the delivery piston is pressed in and material which flows out when the ventilation bore is closed can no longer reach the rear of the delivery piston. This object is achieved with the discharge cartridge according to claim 1.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand einer Zeichnung eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.

Fig. 1
zeigt im Schnitt eine erfindungsgemässe Austragkartusche beim Aufsetzen des Förderkolbens,
Fig. 2
zeigt den aufgesetzten Förderkolben in der Anfangsstellung vor dem Austragen und
Fig. 3
zeigt einen Schnitt gemäss der Linie III-III in Fig. 1.
The invention is explained below with reference to a drawing of an embodiment.
Fig. 1
shows an average of a discharge cartridge according to the invention when the delivery plunger is attached,
Fig. 2
shows the attached delivery piston in the initial position before discharge and
Fig. 3
shows a section along the line III-III in Fig. 1st

Man erkennt in Fig. 1 die Austragkartusche 1 mit dem Vorratszylinder 2, der unten durch einen abschliessbaren Auslass 3 abgeschlossen ist. Im Zylinder 2 befindet sich in der Fig. 1 bereits die genau abgewogene Menge der Füllmasse 4. Im Zylinder 2 läuft ein Förderkolben 5, in dessen Wand ein O-Ring 6 eingelassen ist, um ihn abzudichten. Der Förderkolben besteht in der Regel aus einem formsteifen Material. Anstatt einem O-Ring kann auch eine am Kolbenrand angeformte, elastische Dichtlippe vorgesehen sein, welche gegen die Innenwand des Zylinders anliegt. Der Kartuscheninhalt wird im Vorratszylinder gelagert und später bei Verwendung durch den Auslass ausgepresst. Beim Einfüllen, respektive Einführen des Förderkolbens ist es wichtig, dass unabhängig von der Viskosität der Füllmasse 4 oder von der Gestalt ihrer Oberfläche sämtliche Luft unter der Bodenfläche 7 des Förderkolbens entweichen kann. Daher ist diese dem Kartuscheninhalt zugekehrte Bodenfläche vom Kolbenrand gegen die Mitte hin stetig vertieft. Von der tiefsten Stelle 8 der Bodenfläche 7 geht eine Entlüftungsbohrung 9 aus, welche durch den Kolben hindurch nach aussen führt.1 shows the discharge cartridge 1 with the storage cylinder 2, which is closed at the bottom by a lockable outlet 3. The cylinder 2 in FIG. 1 already contains the precisely weighed amount of the filling compound 4. In the cylinder 2 there is a delivery piston 5, in the wall of which an O-ring 6 is inserted in order to seal it. The delivery piston is usually made of a dimensionally stable material. Instead of an O-ring, an elastic sealing lip molded onto the piston rim can be provided, which rests against the inner wall of the cylinder. The contents of the cartridge are stored in the storage cylinder and later pressed out through the outlet when in use. When filling or inserting the delivery plunger, it is important that regardless of the viscosity of the filling compound 4 or the shape of its surface, all air can escape under the bottom surface 7 of the delivery plunger. Therefore, this bottom surface facing the cartridge contents is continuously deepened from the piston rim towards the center. A vent hole 9 extends from the deepest point 8 of the bottom surface 7 and leads through the piston to the outside.

Die Bohrung 9 wird durch einen Verschluss 10 verschlossen, der in vorliegendem Beispiel, siehe Fig. 2, mittels einem Wulst 11 am Kopf 12 des Verschlusses in einer Ringnut 13 einrastbar ist. Dabei ist der Wulst auf einem federnden Kragen angebracht, der einen Anpressdruck des Wulstes in der Ringnut 13 gewährleistet.The bore 9 is closed by a closure 10, which in the present example, see FIG. 2, can be locked in an annular groove 13 by means of a bead 11 on the head 12 of the closure. The bead is attached to a resilient collar, which ensures that the bead is pressed against the annular groove 13.

Die Entlüftungsbohrung 9 besitzt, siehe Figur 3, über eine gewisse Höhe von der Bodenfläche aus gesehen, eine Querschnittsverengung, beispielsweise in Form eines Kreuzschlitzes 14, wobei die Verengung als Drossel gegenüber schnelles Ausfliessen der Füllmasse nach dem Beenden des Füllvorganges dient. Damit wird eine vollständige Entlüftung gesichert. Selbstverständlich können die Schlitze, respektive Innennuten auch anders und in anderer Anzahl ausgebildet sein.The vent hole 9 has, see Figure 3, seen from a certain height from the bottom surface, a cross-sectional constriction, for example in the form of a cross recess 14, the constriction serving as a restrictor against rapid pouring out of the filling compound after the filling process has ended. This ensures complete ventilation. Of course you can the slots or inner grooves can also be designed differently and in different numbers.

Ausserdem weist die Bodenfläche des Kolbens eine Anordnung von radial verlaufenden, schlitzförmigen Vertiefungen 15 auf, welche an der Entlüftungsbohrung münden. Ferner kann der Kolben oberhalb seiner Bodenfläche radiale Rippen 16 aufweisen. Die radial verlaufenden, schlitzförmigen Vertiefungen 15 sowie die Rippen 16 sind in der vorgenannten Anmeldung in allen Einzelheiten dargestellt und gezeichnet.In addition, the bottom surface of the piston has an arrangement of radially extending, slot-shaped depressions 15, which open out at the vent hole. Furthermore, the piston can have radial ribs 16 above its bottom surface. The radially extending, slot-shaped depressions 15 and the ribs 16 are shown and drawn in all details in the aforementioned application.

Bei dem Kolben gemäss EP-A-344 491 fliesst die Füllmasse beim Einpressen des Kolbens über den Rand der dort mit 19 bezeichneten Dichtfläche und kann dann Verschmutzungen verursachen, da diese Füllmasse auf der Oberfläche des Förderkolbens verbleibt. Um zu vermeiden, dass die Füllmasse nach dem Einfüllen störend wirkt, ist erfindungsgemäss um die zylindrische Entlüftungsbohrung 9 eine Entlüftungskammer 17 angeordnet, die durch einen umlaufenden Dichtzylinder 18 gebildet wird, der in einem Abstand zur Wand 19 angeordnet ist, die die zylindrische Entlüftungsbohrung 9 bildet und in dessen Innenfläche die Ringnut 13 gebildet ist. In der die Entlüftungsbohrung bildenden Wand 19 sind Schlitze 20 angebracht, aus welchen die Füllmasse austreten kann, wie dies in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist.In the piston according to EP-A-344 491, the filling compound flows when the piston is pressed in over the edge of the sealing surface designated 19 there and can then cause contamination, since this filling compound remains on the surface of the delivery piston. In order to avoid that the filling compound has a disruptive effect after filling, according to the invention, a ventilation chamber 17 is arranged around the cylindrical ventilation bore 9, which is formed by a circumferential sealing cylinder 18 which is arranged at a distance from the wall 19 which forms the cylindrical ventilation bore 9 and in the inner surface of which the annular groove 13 is formed. In the wall 19 forming the vent hole, slots 20 are made, from which the filling compound can emerge, as shown in FIG. 2.

Die Füllmasse kann beispielsweise von unten durch den offenen Auslass 3 eingefüllt werden, wobei das exakte Volumen dieser Masse durch eine Dosiervorrichtung eingebracht wird. Anschliessend wird der Auslass 3 verschlossen. Dann wird der Förderkolben von oben in den Zylinder eingesetzt und soweit nach unten gegen die Füllmasse gedrückt, bis sämtliche Luft unter dem Kolbenboden durch die Entlüftungsbohrung mit Drossel ausgetreten ist. Die vollständige Entlüftung kann optisch verfolgt werden und ist dann eingetreten, wenn die Füllmasse aus den Schlitzen 20 der Wand 19 tritt und in die Überaufkammer gedrückt wird. Daraufhin kann der Verschluss 10 eingepresst werden, bis dessen Wulst 11 in der Ringnut 13 einrastet und der Absatz 21 am Verschluss auf der Stirnfläche 22 der Wand 19 aufliegt. In der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Position ist die Austragkartusche bereit, um ein genaues Austragen der Füllmasse zu ermöglichen.The filling compound can be filled, for example, from below through the open outlet 3, the exact volume of this compound being introduced by a metering device. The outlet 3 is then closed. Then the delivery piston is inserted into the cylinder from above and pressed down against the filling compound until all air has escaped from under the piston head through the vent hole with throttle. The complete ventilation can be visual are followed and occurred when the filling compound emerges from the slots 20 of the wall 19 and is pressed into the overflow chamber. The closure 10 can then be pressed in until the bead 11 engages in the annular groove 13 and the shoulder 21 rests on the closure on the end face 22 of the wall 19. In the position shown in FIG. 2, the discharge cartridge is ready to enable the filling compound to be discharged precisely.

Die Füllmasse kann selbstverständlich auch bei verschlossenem Auslass 3 förderkolbenseitig eingefüllt werden, wobei dies vom Abfüllsystem und den Dosiervorrichtungen abhängt. Ausser dem gezeigten und beschriebenen Verschluss 10 kann auch eine Verschlussschraube verwendet werden, die ähnlich der vorgenannten EP-A-344 491 gebildet sein kann, jedoch einen Kopf aufweisen muss, der die Ueberlaufkammer abdichtet.The filling compound can, of course, also be filled in on the delivery piston side when the outlet 3 is closed, this depending on the filling system and the metering devices. In addition to the closure 10 shown and described, a closure screw can also be used, which can be formed similarly to the aforementioned EP-A-344 491, but must have a head which seals the overflow chamber.

Claims (6)

  1. Dispensing cartridge (1) comprising a supply cylinder (2) and an expulsion piston (5) whose bottom surface (7) facing the cartridge contents (4) is progressively recessed from the piston edge towards an air evacuation bore (9), a sealable chamber being arranged around the air evacuation bore (9), the latter being sealed by means of a closure (10), characterised in that the sealable chamber is designed as an overflow chamber (17), a sealing cylinder (18) being arranged concentrically distant from the air evacuation bore (9), overflow slots (20) being disposed in the wall (19) between the air evacuation bore and the sealing cylinder (18), the air evacuation bore as well as the overflow chamber being closed by a closure (10) independent of the expulsion piston.
  2. Dispensing cartridge according to claim 1, characterised in that the closure (10) comprises a peg portion protruding into the bore (9) and a head (12) having a surrounding bead (11) which, in the closed position, snaps into an annular groove (13) in the outer wall of the overflow chamber (17).
  3. Dispensing cartridge according to claim 1, characterised in that the closure can be screwed into the air evacuation bore and comprises a head which seals the overflow chamber.
  4. Dispensing cartridge according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the air evacuation bore (9) has a contraction over a certain height, seen from the cartridge contents, said contraction acting as a throttle and having slots or inner grooves (14).
  5. Dispensing cartridge according to claim 2, characterised in that the surrounding bead (11) is connected to the head (12) by a resilient collar.
  6. Dispensing cartridge according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the bottom surface (7) of the expulsion piston (5) is provided with radially extending, slot-shaped recessions which run into the air evacuation bore (9).
EP91810458A 1990-06-21 1991-06-17 Dispensing cartridge with a supply cylinder and an expulsion piston Expired - Lifetime EP0463991B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH207990 1990-06-21
CH2079/90 1990-06-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0463991A1 EP0463991A1 (en) 1992-01-02
EP0463991B1 true EP0463991B1 (en) 1994-11-02

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ID=4225413

Family Applications (1)

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EP91810458A Expired - Lifetime EP0463991B1 (en) 1990-06-21 1991-06-17 Dispensing cartridge with a supply cylinder and an expulsion piston

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5178305A (en)
EP (1) EP0463991B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2952526B2 (en)
DE (1) DE59103399D1 (en)

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EP1514611A2 (en) 2003-09-10 2005-03-16 Heraeus Kulzer GmbH Closing piston for catridges having venting and barrier properties
DE102008000841A1 (en) 2008-03-26 2009-10-01 Adcatec Gmbh Cartridge and piston with ventilation device

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US5312028A (en) * 1992-10-20 1994-05-17 Hume James M High pressure viscous liquid pump
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US5878922A (en) * 1997-07-09 1999-03-09 Sunoco Products Company Self venting plunger
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US6234167B1 (en) 1998-10-14 2001-05-22 Chrysalis Technologies, Incorporated Aerosol generator and methods of making and using an aerosol generator
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EP1461268A4 (en) * 2001-12-10 2009-03-25 Tah Ind Inc Dispensing cartridge with tortuous vent path
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US7367334B2 (en) 2003-08-27 2008-05-06 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Fluid vaporizing device having controlled temperature profile heater/capillary tube
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US7621428B2 (en) 2005-07-01 2009-11-24 Nordson Corporation Dispensing cartridge with vented piston
EP1945559B1 (en) 2005-10-14 2018-05-30 3M Innovative Properties Company Plunger and plunger assembly for a cartridge, system for storing a substance, and method of filling and sealing a substance in a delivery system
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DE10342090B4 (en) * 2003-09-10 2007-06-06 Heraeus Kulzer Gmbh Closure plunger for cartridges with venting and barrier properties
US7353972B2 (en) 2003-09-10 2008-04-08 Heraues Kulzer Gmbh & Co. Kg Sealing piston for cartridges with de-aeration and barrier properties
DE102008000841A1 (en) 2008-03-26 2009-10-01 Adcatec Gmbh Cartridge and piston with ventilation device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH04239476A (en) 1992-08-27
DE59103399D1 (en) 1994-12-08
EP0463991A1 (en) 1992-01-02
JP2952526B2 (en) 1999-09-27
US5178305A (en) 1993-01-12

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