Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
  • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
  • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
  • C11D10/045—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on non-ionic surface-active compounds and soap
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
  • C11D17/006—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets containing mainly surfactants, but no builders, e.g. syndet bar
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives

Definitions

• This invention relates to a toilet soap bar composition and, especially a complexion soap product.
• the invention relates to a soap or soap/synthetic detergent composition in bar form which is hard and machinable with reduced wet-cracking and which provides improved lather, skin feel, and skin moisturization properties.
• Soaps made from mixtures of animal fats and vegetable oils have been made and available for many years.
• Such products have been accepted by consumers but it is recognized that the consumer will respond positively to improvements in certain properties of such soaps.
• improvements in physical properties leading to reduced defects, such as cracking or splitting during the manufacturing process, such as machining, molding, shaping, and the like would be highly desirable.
• improvements in wet-cracking resistance, foaming power, rinsing ease, lathering properties, skin feel, skin moisturization, and mildness are especially important characteristics.
• the transparency or tranlucency characteristics of a soap bar are also highly desirable.
• the present invention provides a toilet bar composition
• a toilet bar composition comprising a soap or soap/synthetic detergent mixture incorporating a small amount of alkyl polyglycoside nonionic surfactant to produce toilet bars that are hard but machinable and which exhibits reduced wet-cracking.
• the present invention also provides such toilet bars providing improved lather, skin feel, and skin moisturization properties making it highly desirable for a complexion soap product.
• the present invention in a preferred embodiment thereof is in the form of a highly translucent soap bar product.
• the soap bar products of the present invention also provide improved lime soap dispersion and improved foaming characteristics.
• toilet bar includes both conventional soap bar compositions, superfatted soap bar compositions and also mixed soap/synthetic anionic detergent bar compositions.
• bar includes both conventional bar or cake forms which may have generally rectangular or oval or circular cross-sections, as well as tablets, sticks, and the like.
• compositions generally contain from about 45% to about 95%, more preferably from about 55% to about 88% of soap, i.e. soluble alkali metal salt of a C8 to C24, preferably C10 to C20 fatty acid and from 0 to about 45%, preferably from about 0 to about 35% by weight of a non-soap synthetic anionic surfactant.
• soap i.e. soluble alkali metal salt of a C8 to C24, preferably C10 to C20 fatty acid and from 0 to about 45%, preferably from about 0 to about 35% by weight of a non-soap synthetic anionic surfactant.
• free fatty acids of fats or oils of the same general carbon content as the fatty acid component of the soap may be incorporated in the soap composition.
• Such superfatted soaps or superfatted soap/synthetic anionic detergent compositions can provide soap bars of improved mildness wherein the "added" fats and/or oils and/or fatty acids can be added to the compositions as such or can result from a portion of the fatty components and oils used to make the soap being intentionally not saponified. Generally, only small amounts of from about 0.5 to 20%, preferably from about 1 to 10%, especially from 2 to 8% of the free fatty acid, fat or oil, will provide the desired effect.
• Fatty acid soaps suitable for use herein can be obtained from natural sources, such as, for instance, plant or animal esters (e.g. palm oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, soy bean oil, castor oil, tallow, whale or fish oils, grease, lard and mixtures thereof).
• the fatty acid soaps can also be synthetically prepared (e.g. by the oxidation of petroleum, or by the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide by the Fischer-Tropsch process).
• Resin acids such as those present in tall oil, may be used. Naphthenic acids are also suitable.
• Sodium and potassium soaps can be made by direct saponification of the fats and oils or by the neutralization of the free fatty acids which are prepared in a separate manufacturing process.
• Particularly useful in the present invention are the sodium and potassium salts of mixtures of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and tallow, i.e. sodium and potassium tallow and coconut soaps, and especially the sodium tallow and coconut soaps.
• 60/40, 75/25, or 85/15 blends of tallow/coco soaps are especially useful. More generally, blends of tallow/coco soaps at ratios of from 10/90 to 90/10 can be used with advantage.
• tallow fatty acids can be derived from various animal sources and generally comprise from about 1 to about 8% myristic acid, about 21 to 32% palmitic acid, about 14 to 31% stearic acid, and 0 to 4% palmitoleic acid, about 36 to 50% oleic acid, and about 0 to 5% linoleic acid.
• coconut oil refers to fatty acid mixtures having an approximate carbon chain length distribution of: 8% C8, 7% C10, 48% C12, 17% C14, 8% C16, 2% C18, 7% oleic, and 2 % linoleic acids.
• Other sources having similar carbon chain lengths, such as palm kernel oil and babassu kernel oil are considered to fall within the term coconut oil.
• the fatty acid soap may also be formed from the topped, distilled coco fatty acid from which the lower carbon chain length acids have been totally or substantially removed, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,767,560, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety, by reference thereto.
• compositions herein generally take the form of a toilet bar wherein the soap is at least partially in beta-phase form.
• the soap is at least about 20%, more preferably at least about 50%, and especially at least about 70% in the beta-phase form.
• the anionic surfactant may be any of those conventionally included in toilet bar products.
• non-soap anionic surfactants include the salts of higher fatty alcohol sulfates wherein the higher fatty alcohol is generally of from about 10 to 18 carbon atoms and which may be ethoxylated with from about 0 to 10 moles ethylene oxide, preferably 0 to 5 moles ethylene oxide, such as 2 or 3 moles ethylene oxide per mole of fatty alcohol.
• anionic surfactants include the sulfated and sulfonated detergents, such as the higher fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the fatty acid moieties, the paraffin sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, and branched and linear alkyl benzene sulfonates of from about 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the lipophilic groups thereof. Of these, it is generally preferred to incorporate those anionic surfactants which are most biodegradable.
• anionic surfactants are normally employed as their water-soluble salts and preferably as the sodium salts, although the cation portion may also be one or more of potassium, ammonium, magnesium, and calcium or an organic cation, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
• the sodium salts will normally constitute more than 50%, preferably more than 75%, and most preferably all or substantially all of the cation of both the fatty acid soap and the synthetic anionic detergent surfactants.
• a further essential component of the toilet bar composition is an alkyl polysaccharide nonionic surfactant.
• Incorporation of the alkyl polysaccharide, especially alkyl polyglucoside, nonionic surfactant in the soap bar composition provides a product with improved hardness, lather, skin feel, and moisturization, as well as improved translucency of the product bars and better lime dispersion and overall cleaning properties.
• Glycoside surfactants suitable for use in the practice of the present invention include those of formula: RO( ⁇ R1O) ⁇ y (Z) x (A) wherein R is a monovalent organic radical (e.g. a monovalent saturated aliphatic, unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic radical such as alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, hydroxyalkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkenylaryl, arylalkenyl, etc.) containing from about 6 to about 30 (preferably from about 8 to about 18 more preferably from about 10 or 12 to about 16) carbon atoms; O is an oxygen atom; R1 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as ethylene, propylene or butylene (most preferably the unit (R1O) y represents repeating units of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or random or block combinations thereof); y is a number having
• Glycoside surfactants of the sort mentioned above, and various preferred subgenera thereof, are fully discussed, for example, in U.S. Patents 4,483,779 to Llenado, et al. (issued November 20, 1984) and 4,668,422 to Malik, et al. (issued March 26, 1987) the discussions and descriptions of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
• Glycoside surfactants suitable for use herein also include those of the formula A above in which one or more of the normally free (i.e. unreacted) hydroxyl groups of the saccharide moiety, Z, have been alkoxylated (preferably, ethoxylated or propoxylated) so as to attach one or more pendant alkoxy or poly(alkoxy) groups in place thereof.
• the amount of alkylene oxide (e.g. ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, etc.) employed will typically range from about 1 to about 20 (preferably from about 3 to about 10) moles thereof per mole of saccharide moiety within the Formula A glycoside material.
• the RO(R1O) y group is generally bonded or attached to a number 1 carbon atom of the saccharide moiety, Z.
• the free hydroxyls available for alkoxylation are typically those in the number 2, 3, 4 and 6 positions in 6-carbon atom saccharides and those in the number 2, 3 and 4 positions in 5-carbon atom saccharide species.
• the number 2 position hydroxyls in 5-carbon saccharides, and the number 2 and 6 position hydroxyls in 6-carbon saccharides are substantially more reactive or susceptible to alkoxylation than those in the number 3 and 4 positions. Accordingly, alkoxylation will usually occur in the former locations in preference to the latter.
• Glycoside surfactants especially preferred foruse herein include those of the Formula A above wherein R is an alkyl group containing from about 12 to about 14 or 16 carbon atoms; y is zero; Z is derived from glucose; and x has an average value of from 1 to about 3, especially from 1 or 1.2 to about 1.7 or 2.
• the amount of unreacted alcohol (free fatty alcohol content) will generally be less than about 2%, e.g. 2.0%, 1.5%, 1.0%, 0.5%, by weight, based on the total glycoside and unreacted alcohol.
• glycoside surfactants employed in the compositions hereof become noticeable when used in an amount ranging from about 1.5 to about 2.3 wt%, preferably from about 1.8 to 2.0 wt% based on the total composition.
• the glycoside surfactant is used in amounts as high as about 20% by weight of the composition, especially up to about 12 or 15%, such as 6%, 8%, 10%, etc. Above about 20% the cost of the product tends to be too high.
• the amount of moisture present in the soap bar compositions is not particularly critical and may be selected depending upon the final desired properties of the product as is well known to those skilled in the art. Generally, amounts of water ranging from about 10 to about 26%, more preferably from about 15 to 24%, by weight of the composition, will be present. In the range of moisture of from about 17 to 22%, the products tend to be more highly translucent to nearly transparent. However, this range may vary depending on the content of free fats, fatty acids or oils in the composition which tend to make the soap bar product less translucent, i.e. let less light pass through the bar.
• the toilet bar soap compositions of the present invention may contain a wide variety of optional materials.
• optional materials include, for example, skin conditioning components, processing aids, anti-bacterial agents and sanitizers, dyes, perfumes, pearlescent agents, coloring agents and the like.
• glycerine for example, can be added to the crutcher or amalgamator in order to facilitate processing.
• Glycerine if present, generally comprises from about 0.2% to about 10% by weight of the finished bar.
• emulsifiers such as polyglycerol esters (e.g. polyglycerol monostearate), propylene glycol esters and other chemically stable nonionic materials may be added to the bars to help solubilize various components, particularly skin conditioning agents, such as sorbitan esters.
• Alkali metal citrates are also valuable herein as plasticizers.
• anti-bacterial agents and sanitizers may be present.
• Typical anti-bacterial sanitizers include, for example, 3,4-di- and 3′,4′,5-tribromosalicyl-anilides, 4,4′-dichloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)carbanalide; 3,4,4′-trichloro-carbanalide and mixtures of these materials. If present, anti-bacterial agents and sanitizers generally comprise from about 0.5% to about 4% by weight of the finished bar.
• emollients and skin conditioning agents may also be present, for example, sorbitan esters, such as those described in U.S. 3,988,255, lanolin, cold cream, mineral oil, isopropyl myristate, and similar materials.
• sorbitan esters such as those described in U.S. 3,988,255
• lanolin such as those described in U.S. 3,988,255
• lanolin such as those described in U.S. 3,988,255
• lanolin such as those described in U.S. 3,988,255
• lanolin such as those described in U.S. 3,988,255
• lanolin such as those described in U.S. 3,988,255
• lanolin such as those described in U.S. 3,988,255
• lanolin such as those described in U.S. 3,988,255
• lanolin such as those described in U.S. 3,988,255
• lanolin such as those described in U.S. 3,988,255
• lanolin such as those
• the toilet bars may also contain an electrolyte.
• Suitable electrolytes include, for example, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium carbonate, dipotassium monohydrogen orthophosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, trisodium orthophosphate, tripotassium orthophosphate, and sodium and/or potassium formates, citrates, acetates, and tartrates, and mixtures of the above.
• Sodium chloride is especially preferred.
• the electrolyte level, when present, is generally from about 0.2% to about 4.5% by weight of the composition.
• Acidic materials can be added to the bar to control free alkalinity.
• a suitable example is citric acid added at a level of about 0.1% to about 3%.
• compositions for aesthetic purposes, are a pearlescent material, such as mica, titanium-dioxide coated mica, natural fish silver or heavy metal salts, such as bismuth oxychloride.
• a pearlescent material such as mica, titanium-dioxide coated mica, natural fish silver or heavy metal salts, such as bismuth oxychloride.
• the toilet bar soap compositions may also contain any of the conventional perfumes, dyes, and coloring agents generally used in commercially-marketed bars to improve the characteristics of such products.
• perfumes, dyes, and coloring agents comprise from about 0.2% to about 5% by weight of the bar.
• compositions of the present invention may be prepared in conventional manner, either from neat kettle soap or from saponified touch-hardened fatty acid blends.
• neat kettle soap i.e. after saponification
• commercially available alkyl polyglucoside surfactant present as, for example, a 50% aqueous solution
• This mixture is passed to a heat exchanger at a temperature of, for example, 320°F (160°C) and then is dried, e.g. by vacuum or spray-drying, to the desired moisture level, such as 10 to 20 or 25%.
• the dried soap mixture is then mechanically worked at elevated temperature, for example, in an amalgamator or over milling rolls until the temperature is raised to the range of from about 86°F (30°C) to about 122°F (50°C), preferably from about 95°F (35°C) to 113°F (45°C), e.g. about 104°F (40°C). Thereafter, the soap mass is plodded into bar form.
• the alkyl polysaccharide anionic surfactant may be, as described above, added to the formulation in its liquid form, or it may be added in its more concentrated powder form, both forms being commercially available.
• Soap bar compositions according to the invention are prepared as described above in which sodium tallow/coconut (75/25) kettle soap is mixed with the alkyl polyglucoside (50% aqueous solution) shown below and the mixture is dried in a Mazzoni spray dryer, the dried soap mixture is admixed with perfume and dye components in an amalgamator, then milled at about 40°C to optimize beta-phase soap formation, and finally plodded into bar form to yield a soap bar containing 1.8% alkyl polyglucoside and 20% moisture.
• APG alkyl polyglucoside
• compositions of the present invention with as little as 1.8% of the alkyl polyglycoside nonionic surfactant provide increased translucency, hardness, and better lather ranking and skin feel ranking as compared to the control without any APG.
• This example illustrates production of a superfatted high APG soap bar composition according to the invention prepared by blending preformed soap chips with powdery APG at a 91/8 mixing ratio.
• the soap chips are formed from a 60/40 tallow/coco kettle soap as follows:
• the part 3 mixture is dried to a moisture level of about 10.0% (approximately 23.2% moisture loss or 76.8% yield).
• coco/stearic acid blend is replaced by an equivalent amount of a 50/50 palm kernel oil/stearic acid blend, similar results are obtained.
• the 60/40 tallow/coco kettle soap may be replaced by a 60/40 tallow/palm kernel oil kettle soap to achieve substantially the same results.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
• Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)

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Cited By (18)

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Citations (3)

• 1991
  • 1991-05-29 AU AU78028/91A patent/AU640786B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1991-05-31 MY MYPI91000957A patent/MY106677A/en unknown
  • 1991-06-06 CA CA002043991A patent/CA2043991A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-06-11 AT AT91401545T patent/ATE135738T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-06-11 EP EP91401545A patent/EP0463912B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-06-11 DE DE69118026T patent/DE69118026D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-06-13 NZ NZ238538A patent/NZ238538A/xx unknown
  • 1991-06-19 BR BR919102555A patent/BR9102555A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-06-20 PT PT98047A patent/PT98047A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-06-24 GR GR910100273A patent/GR1000884B/el unknown

Patent Citations (3)

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