EP0461447A1 - Pressurised atomising nozzle - Google Patents

Pressurised atomising nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0461447A1
EP0461447A1 EP91108522A EP91108522A EP0461447A1 EP 0461447 A1 EP0461447 A1 EP 0461447A1 EP 91108522 A EP91108522 A EP 91108522A EP 91108522 A EP91108522 A EP 91108522A EP 0461447 A1 EP0461447 A1 EP 0461447A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
cone
screen
atomising
gaseous medium
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Granted
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EP91108522A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0461447B1 (en
Inventor
Claude Pelet
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Alstom SA
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ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for operating an atomizing nozzle according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Pressure atomization of a liquid fuel in a nozzle which is upstream of a combustion chamber, for example a combustion chamber of a gas turbine or an atmospheric combustion system, regularly results in irregularities in the atomization characteristics of the nozzle in the course of an operating period, which in terms of efficiency have a negative effect on the subsequent combustion of the fuels impact.
  • An irregularity can occur due to wear of the nozzle, which can cause the spray angle to no longer work optimally.
  • Another irregularity can be caused by the fact that the nominal pressure of the fuel supplied fluctuates excessively, which causes the spray angle to swell and swell.
  • the nozzles offered on the market also produce a spray angle that is too large, in the order of 40-50 °, which is clearly at least 100% too much.
  • a nozzle works very much as a function of the load range. Then comes such a nozzle in the Atomization area of a firing used, with the final purpose of providing a fuel / air mixture, this results in additional interference on the quality of the atomization, which can be attributed, for example, to pressure fluctuations in the air flow. In addition, it must be taken into account that an air-assisted nozzle only works from a pressure of 0.2 bar and that the proportion of air in relation to the fuel is very high. An irregularity in the spray angle can also have a very negative effect on various firing units, for example whenever the atomization of the fuel is carried out in a relatively narrow supply pipe to the firing chamber, as is regularly the case with premix burners.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention as characterized in the claims, is based on the object of circumventing the above-identified disadvantages in a method for atomizing a fuel which is used to provide a fuel / air mixture.
  • the spray angle can be minimized in such a way that on the one hand there is no fear of wetting the wall with the appropriate configuration, and on the other hand that once an atomization characteristic has been fixed, it remains unchanged.
  • the spray quantity can be varied without changing the spray angle.
  • a better fuel distribution in the mixture fuel cone can be achieved, because it can be driven with both a full and a hollow cone as required.
  • Another advantage of the invention can be seen in the fact that in an atomizing operation the air used for this purpose can be practically depressurized, i.e. that in an atmospheric firing system the pressure which the blower of the firing system can provide, perhaps 20 mbar, is sufficient.
  • the only figure shows a double atomizing nozzle.
  • the figure shows a double atomizing nozzle, which consists of an outer tube 1, which ends at the end in the outflow direction with an orifice 2.
  • a further orifice 3 is provided upstream of this orifice 2, which in turn is arranged downstream of a fuel nozzle 4.
  • the atomization of a liquid fuel 6 according to the present configuration takes place in two stages. Nevertheless, it is easily conceivable to dispense with a panel, either the first 3 or the second 2. This essentially depends on how the operating conditions of the entire atomization nozzle are stored, where the use of such a nozzle with regard to the combustion chamber (atmospheric combustion system, combustion chamber of a gas turbine group, isocore combustion chamber etc.) is intended.
  • the nozzle 4 which is designed here for a liquid fuel, operates at pressures between 5 and 20 bar, and is therefore a pressure atomizing nozzle.
  • this is a first, conventional atomization stage A, ie it is here with spray angles of to be calculated over 40 °.
  • the air 7 brought in through this channel 5 is here of low pressure, between 20 and 80 mbar, and comes from a blower of an atmospheric combustion system in boilers.
  • the pressure atomizing nozzle shown is primarily used in systems where a liquid fuel is used. However, this is not an indispensable requirement, because such a nozzle, as we will see later, can easily be part of a burner of a gas turbine group operated with a gaseous fuel. As for the burner, which has already been mentioned several times, this nozzle is excellently suitable for integration into a burner, as described in EP-A1-0 312 809. This cited European patent application therefore forms an integral part of the present description. The nozzle with item 3 shown in FIG. 1 of EP-A1-0 312 809 would be replaced by the double atomization nozzle described here in such a desired assembly.
  • This stage then creates an innovation in the angle of the spray cone, which turns out to be much smaller than the original one from the nozzle 4.
  • the atomization of the Fuel 6 in this stage B is largely independent of the atomization quality provided in the previous stage A.
  • the cross section of the opening 8 is designed such that approximately 50% of the air brought in through the channel 5 can swallow.
  • the remaining portion of air flows directly through a number of passages 9 provided in the nozzle 3 into a chamber 10 located downstream of the latter nozzle, which chamber 10 spreads between the rear wall of the first nozzle 3 and the front wall of the second nozzle 2.
  • this atomizing nozzle enables very small angles of the spray cone, in the order of magnitude of less than 20 °, whereby the atomization achieves a very high degree of homogeneity, which is of eminent importance for the subsequent combustion with regard to pollutant emissions and the efficiency of the system.
  • This atomization is also largely independent of the wear of the components of the entire double atomization nozzle. With this configuration, this nozzle can also be optimally cooled and shielded, should this be necessary for the respective application. Both at partial load operation or when the Even the last drops of fuel are atomized just as well.
  • the spray cone can be adjusted in stage C, depending on the size of the fuel droplets , change to a hollow or a full cone.
  • mixing operation can be carried out without further ado: the air stream 7 can be mixed with a portion of a gaseous fuel, in fact it is even possible to introduce a gaseous fuel through the channel 5 alone.
  • This double atomization nozzle is furthermore excellently suited to mixing the air 7 brought in with a portion of recirculated exhaust gas. This exhaust gas recirculation is particularly suitable for reducing the exhaust gas emissions in a near-stoichiometric operation.

Abstract

In the operation of a pressurised atomising nozzle, the liquid fuel atomising cone from the nozzle (4) is mixed with a gaseous medium (7) in front of a first screen (3) which is mounted downstream of the nozzle (4) in the flow-off direction. In this connection, this atomising cone is struck radially and/or quasi-radially by the gaseous medium (7). In this connection, the original atomising angle from the nozzle, which amounts to around 40 DEG , is reduced to less than half. To this end, it is sufficient if the gaseous medium (7) has a pressure of 20 mbar. The new atomising angle is established with the first screen (3), there being provided in the flow-off direction according to requirements a second screen (2) which functions according to the same principle as the first, i.e. in the case of the second screen also, the mixture already produced is struck radially and/or quasi radially by the remaining proportion of the gaseous medium which was not used at the first screen (3). By changing the distances (D) between nozzle (4) and front wall of the first screen (3) and between rear wall of the first screen (3) and front wall of the second screen (2), the atomising cone of the mixture is varied between full cone and hollow cone. In the case of two screens (3, 2), their throughflow is to be kept roughly the same. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Zerstäubungsdüse gemäss Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a method for operating an atomizing nozzle according to the preamble of claim 1.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Bei einer Druckzerstäubung eines flüssigen Brennstoffes in einer Düse, welche einem Verbrennungsraum vorgelagert ist, beispielsweise einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbine oder einer atmosphärischen Feuerungsanlage, treten regelmässig im Verlaufe einer Betriebsperiode Unregelmässigkeiten an der Zerstäubungscharakteristik der Düse auf, welche sich wirkungsgradmässig auf die nachfolgende Verfeuerung des Brennstoffen negativ auswirken. Eine Unregelmässigkeit kann aufgrund eines Verschleisses der Düse entstehen, die bewirken kann, dass der Sprühwinkel nicht mehr optimal arbeitet. Eine andere Unregelmässigkeit kann ihre Ursache darin haben, dass der Nenndruck des herangeführten Brennstoffes über Gebühr schwankt, was ein An- und Abschwellen des Sprühwinkels zur Folge hat. Die marktmässig angebotenen Düsen erzeugen zudem einen zu grossen Sprühwinkel, in der Grössenordnung von 40-50°, was eindeutig mindestens 100% zu viel ist. Ferner arbeitet eine solche Düse sehr stark in Funktion des Lastbereiches. Kommt dann eine solche Düse im
Zerstäubungsbereich einer Befeuerung zum Einsatz, mit dem finalen Zweck, ein Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisch bereitzustellen, so ergeben sich daraus zusätzliche Interferenzen auf die Qualität der Zerstäubung, die beispielsweise schon auf Druckschwankungen des herangeführten Luftstromes zurückzuführen sind. Zudem muss berücksichtigt werden, dass eine luftunterstützte Düse nur ab 0,2 bar Druck funktioniert, und dass der Luftanteil in Relation zum Brennstoff sehr hoch ist. Eine Unregelmässigkeit des Sprühwinkels kann sich bei verschiedenen Feuerungsaggregaten zudem sehr negativ auswirken, dies beispielsweise immer dann, wenn die Zerstäubung des Brennstoffes in einem relativ engen Zuleitungsrohr zum Feuerungsraum durchgeführt wird, wie dies regelmässig bei Vormischbrennern der Fall ist. Bei einer solchen geometrischen Konfiguration ist es so, dass ein unregelmässiger Sprühwinkel die Innenwände des Vormischrohres benetzten kann, wo sich, bei einem flüssigen Brennstoff, rasch grössere Brennstofftropfen bilden. Werden diese dann durch den Luftstrom mitgerissen, so gelangt in den Feuerungsraum ein inhomogenes Gemisch zur Verbrennung, was zu einer schlechten Feuerungscharakteristik führt. Diese macht sich nicht nur an einem schlechten Wirkungsgrad bemerkbar, sondern darunter leiden auch die Schadstoff-Emissionen, dergestalt, dass die gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Höchstwerte rasch nicht mehr eingehalten werden können. Ein weiteres Problem in diesem Zusammenhang ergibt sich auch dann, wenn Feuerungsanlagen zu betreiben sind, deren Luftdruck beinahe inexistent ist, wie dies beispielsweise bei atmospärischen Feuerungsanlagen der Fall ist. In solchen Fällen kann der Stand der Technik, also die bekanntgewordenen luftunterstützten Düsen, keine zufriedenstellende Lösung anbieten, denn eine Druckerhöhung der Luft müsste hier speziell erstellt werden, was sich auf die Kosten und den Wirkungsgrad ebendieser Anlage negativ niederschlägt.Pressure atomization of a liquid fuel in a nozzle, which is upstream of a combustion chamber, for example a combustion chamber of a gas turbine or an atmospheric combustion system, regularly results in irregularities in the atomization characteristics of the nozzle in the course of an operating period, which in terms of efficiency have a negative effect on the subsequent combustion of the fuels impact. An irregularity can occur due to wear of the nozzle, which can cause the spray angle to no longer work optimally. Another irregularity can be caused by the fact that the nominal pressure of the fuel supplied fluctuates excessively, which causes the spray angle to swell and swell. The nozzles offered on the market also produce a spray angle that is too large, in the order of 40-50 °, which is clearly at least 100% too much. Furthermore, such a nozzle works very much as a function of the load range. Then comes such a nozzle in the
Atomization area of a firing used, with the final purpose of providing a fuel / air mixture, this results in additional interference on the quality of the atomization, which can be attributed, for example, to pressure fluctuations in the air flow. In addition, it must be taken into account that an air-assisted nozzle only works from a pressure of 0.2 bar and that the proportion of air in relation to the fuel is very high. An irregularity in the spray angle can also have a very negative effect on various firing units, for example whenever the atomization of the fuel is carried out in a relatively narrow supply pipe to the firing chamber, as is regularly the case with premix burners. With such a geometric configuration, it is the case that an irregular spray angle can wet the inner walls of the premixing pipe, where, in the case of a liquid fuel, larger fuel drops form quickly. If these are then entrained by the air flow, an inhomogeneous mixture for combustion reaches the combustion chamber, which leads to poor combustion characteristics. This not only manifests itself in poor efficiency, but also affects pollutant emissions in such a way that the legally prescribed maximum values can no longer be met quickly. Another problem in this connection also arises when combustion plants are to be operated whose air pressure is almost non-existent, as is the case, for example, with atmospheric combustion plants. In such cases, the state of the art, i.e. the air-assisted nozzles that have become known, cannot offer a satisfactory solution, since an increase in the pressure of the air would have to be specially created here, which has a negative impact on the costs and the efficiency of this system.

Aufgabe der ErfindungObject of the invention

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Der Erfindung, wie sie in den Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet ist, liegt die Aufgabezugrunde, bei einem Verfahren zur Zerstäubung eines Brennstoffes, das zur Bereitstellung eines Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisches dient, die obenermittelten Nachteile zu umgehen.The invention seeks to remedy this. The invention, as characterized in the claims, is based on the object of circumventing the above-identified disadvantages in a method for atomizing a fuel which is used to provide a fuel / air mixture.

Der wesentliche Vorteile der Erfindung ist darin zu sehen, dass der Sprühwinkel dergestalt minimiert werden kann, dass einerseits keine Wandbenetzung bei entsprechender Konfiguration zu befürchten ist, andererseits, dass eine einmal fixierte Zerstäubungscharakteristik unverändert erhalten bleibt. In diesem Umfeld erweist es sich als vorteilhaft, dass eine Variierung der Sprühmenge ohne Veränderung des Sprühwinkels zustande kommt. Ferner lässt sich eine bessere Brennstoffverteilung im Gemisch-Brennkegel erreichen, denn es lässt sich nach Bedarf sowohl mit einem Voll- als auch mit einem Hohlkegel fahren.The main advantages of the invention can be seen in the fact that the spray angle can be minimized in such a way that on the one hand there is no fear of wetting the wall with the appropriate configuration, and on the other hand that once an atomization characteristic has been fixed, it remains unchanged. In this environment it proves advantageous that the spray quantity can be varied without changing the spray angle. Furthermore, a better fuel distribution in the mixture fuel cone can be achieved, because it can be driven with both a full and a hollow cone as required.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung ist darin zu sehen, dass bei einem Zerstäubungsbetrieb die hierzu zum Einsatz gelangenden Luft praktisch drucklos sein kann, d.h., dass bei einer atmosphärischen Feuerungsanlage genügt der Druck, den das Gebläse der Feuerungsanlage bereitzustellen vermag, vielleicht 20 mbar, vollauf.Another advantage of the invention can be seen in the fact that in an atomizing operation the air used for this purpose can be practically depressurized, i.e. that in an atmospheric firing system the pressure which the blower of the firing system can provide, perhaps 20 mbar, is sufficient.

Ferner ist ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung darin zu sehen, dass sich eine allenfalls einstellende Abnützung der Düse keinen Einfluss mehr auf die Zerstäubungscharakteristik ausüben kann.
Vorteilhafte und zweckmässige Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemässen Aufgabenlösung sind in den weiteren Ansprüchen ge kennzeichnet.Furthermore, a further advantage of the invention is to be seen in the fact that any wear of the nozzle which may occur can no longer exert any influence on the atomization characteristics.
Advantageous and expedient developments of the task solution according to the invention are characterized in the further claims.

Im folgenden wird anhand der Zeichnung ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung schematisch dargestellt und näher erläutert. Alle für das unmittelbare Verständnis der Erfindung nicht erforderlichen Elemente sind fortgelassen. Die Strömungsrichtung der verschiedenen Medien ist mit Pfeilen angegeben.An exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown schematically and explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. All elements not necessary for the immediate understanding of the invention have been omitted. The direction of flow of the different media is indicated by arrows.

Die einzige Figur zeigt eine Doppelzerstäubungsdüse.The only figure shows a double atomizing nozzle.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

Die Figur zeigt eine Doppelzerstäubungsdüse, welche aus einem Aussenrohr 1 besteht, das endseitig in Abströmungsrichtung mit einer Blende 2 endet. Stromauf dieser genannten Blende 2 ist eine weitere Blende 3 vorgesehen, welche ihrerseits einer Brennstoffdüse 4 nachgelagert ist. Die Zerstäubung eines flüssigen Brennstoffes 6 gemäss vorliegender Konfiguration erfolgt dabei in zwei Stufen. Dessen ungeachtet ist es indessen ohne weiteres denkbar, auf eine Blende, entweder auf die erste 3 oder auf die zweite 2, zu verzichten. Dies hängt im wesentlichen davon ab, wie die betrieblichen Verhältnisse der ganzen Zerstäubungsdüse gelagert sind, wo der Einsatz einer solchen Düse bezüglich Brennraums (atmosphärische Feuerungsanlage, Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe, isocore Brennkammer etc.) vorgesehen ist. Danebst spielt auch die Struktur und die Verbrennungsart (Diffusions- oder Vormischverbrennung etc.) des jeweiligen Brenners, in welchen
die Düse integriert ist, eine Rolle. Die Düse 4, die hier für ein Flüssigbrennstoff ausgelegt ist, arbeitet mit Drücken zwischen 5 und 20 bar, und ist demnach eine Druckzerstäubungsdüse. Wie das Sprühbild am Ausgang der Düse 4 zeigt, handelt es sich hier um eine erste, übliche Zerstäubungsstufe A, d.h., es ist hier mit Sprühwinkeln von
über 40° zu rechnen. Mit einer solchen Vorgabe wäre mindestens eine Benetzung der Wände des luftführenden Kanals 5 durch Brennstofftröpfchen nicht zu umgehen. Die durch diesen Kanal 5 herangeführte Luft 7 ist hier von niedrigem Druck, zwischen 20 und 80 mbar, und stammt aus einem Gebläse einer atmosphärischen Feuerungsanlage bei Heizkesseln. Somit ist auch gesagt, dass die gezeigte Druckzerstäubungsdüse vorzüglich bei Anlagen eingesetzt wird, wo ein Flüssigbrennstoff zum Einsatz kommt. Dies ist aber keine unabdingbare Vorgabe, denn eine solche Düse kann, wie wir später noch sehen werden, ohne weiteres Bestandteil eines mit einem gasförmigen Brennstoff betriebenen Brenners einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe sein. Was den bereits mehrmals angesprochenen Brenner anbelangt, so eignet sich diese Düse vortrefflich für eine Integration in einen Brenner, wie er in EP-A1-0 312 809 beschrieben ist. Diese angezogene Europäische Patentanmeldung bildet sonach integrierenden Bestandteil vorliegender Beschreibung. Die in Fig. 1 von EP-A1-0 312 809 gezeigt Düse mit Pos. 3 würde bei einer solchen angestrebten Zusammenfügung durch die hier beschriebene Doppelzerstäubungsdüse ersetzt. Es zeigt sich besonders gut, wie eminent wichtig ist dass die Innenwände der Teilkegelkörper durch den Brennstoffsprühkegel aus der Düse nicht benetzt werden. Zurückkehrend zur Doppelzerstäubungsdüse vorliegender Figur ist des weiteren anzumerken, dass die herangeführte Luft 7, obwohl sie, wie erwähnt, nur einen kleinen Druck aufweist, den Flüssigbrennstoff-Sprühkegel aus der Düse 4 komprimiert. Dies geschieht bereits mit einem Druck von 20 mbar. Diese Luftströmung trifft dabei auf den Sprühkegel radial und/oder quasi-radial auf und zwingt dessen Strömung durch eine in der Blende 3 mittig plazierte zylindrische Oeffnung 8 abzuströmen. In Stufe B entsteht sodann ein homogenes Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisch. Diese Stufe schafft sodann eine Neuerung des Winkel des Sprühkegels, der weitaus kleiner als der ursprüngliche aus der Düse 4 ausfällt. Die Zerstäubung des Brennstoffes 6 in dieser Stufe B ist weitgehend unabhängig von der bereitgestellte Zerstäubungsgüte in der vorangegangenen Stufe A. Der Querschnitt der Oeffnung 8 ist so ausgelegt, dass ca. 50% der durch den Kanal 5 herangeführten Luft zu schlucken vermag. Der restliche Luftanteil strömt direkt durch eine Anzahl Durchgänge 9, die in der Düse 3 vorgesehen sind, in eine stromab der letztgenannten Düse befindliche Kammer 10, die sich zwischen der Rückwand der ersten Düse 3 und der Vorderwand der zweiten Düse 2 ausbreitet. Dabei ist es wichtig, dass der Geasmtquerschnitt aller Durchgänge 9 eine genügend grosse Medium-Schluckfähigkeit aufweisen, und andererseits müssen diese Durchgänge 9 so angeordnet sein, dass sie möglichst auf einem äussere Durchmesser der Blende 3 plaziert sind, dies um auch in der Kammer 10 eine radiale und/oder quasi-radiale Strömung der Luft 7a zum neuen Sprühkegel des Gemisches zu erhalten. In Stufe C findet sonach eine weitere Mischung des sich vorgängig in Stufe B gebildeten Gemisches statt, wobei diese Stufe C vornehmlich die Aufgabe erfüllt, allenfalls noch vorhandene Tropfen des flüssigen Brennstoffes 6 im Nachlauf zur vorangegangenen Stufe B definitiv zu zerstäuben, und, darüber hinaus, noch ein weiteres Richten des Sprühkegels in axialer Richtung zu bewerkstelligen. Demnach ermöglicht diese Zerstäubungsdüse sehr kleine Winkel des Sprühkegels, dies in der Grössenordnung von kleiner als 20°, wobei die Zerstäubung einen sehr hohen Grad an Homogenität erreicht, was für die nachfolgende Verbrennung bezüglich Schadstoffemissionen und Wirkungsgrad der Anblage von eminenter Wichtigkeit ist. Diese Zerstäubung ist auch weitgehend unabhängig vom Verschleiss der Komponenten der ganzen Doppelzerstäubungsdüse. Bei dieser Konfiguration lässt sich diese Düse auch optimal kühlen und abschirmen, falls beim jeweiligen Einsatz dies vonnöten sein sollte. Sowohl bei Teillastbetrieb oder Abschalten der
Brennstoffzufuhr werden auch die letzten Tropfen gleich gut zerstäubt. Durch Aenderung des Abstandes D , zwischen Front der Düse 4 und Vorderwand der ersten Blende 3, und des Abstandes E, zwischen Rüchwand der ersten Blende 3 und Vorderwand der zweiten Blende 2, lässt sich der Sprühkegel in Stufe C, in Abhängigkeit zur Grösse der Brennstofftropfchen, zu einem Hohl- oder zu einem Vollkegel verändern. Mit vorliegender Doppelzerstäubungsdüse lässt sich ohne weiteres ein Mischbetrieb fahren: Der Luftstrom 7 kann mit einem Anteil eines gasförmigen Brennstoffes gemischt werden, ja es ist sogar möglich, durch den Kanal 5 allein einen gasförmigen Brennstoff heranzuführen. Diese Doppelzerstäubungsdüse eignet sich des weiteren vorzüglich, die herangeführte Luft 7 mit einem Anteil rückgeführten Abgases zu vermischen. Diese Abgasrezirkulation eignet sich vorzuglich zur Herabsetzung der Abgasemissionen bei einem nahstöchiometrischen Betrieb.The figure shows a double atomizing nozzle, which consists of an outer tube 1, which ends at the end in the outflow direction with an orifice 2. A further orifice 3 is provided upstream of this orifice 2, which in turn is arranged downstream of a fuel nozzle 4. The atomization of a liquid fuel 6 according to the present configuration takes place in two stages. Nevertheless, it is easily conceivable to dispense with a panel, either the first 3 or the second 2. This essentially depends on how the operating conditions of the entire atomization nozzle are stored, where the use of such a nozzle with regard to the combustion chamber (atmospheric combustion system, combustion chamber of a gas turbine group, isocore combustion chamber etc.) is intended. In addition, the structure and type of combustion (diffusion or premix combustion etc.) of the respective burner also play
the nozzle is integrated, a role. The nozzle 4, which is designed here for a liquid fuel, operates at pressures between 5 and 20 bar, and is therefore a pressure atomizing nozzle. As the spray pattern at the outlet of the nozzle 4 shows, this is a first, conventional atomization stage A, ie it is here with spray angles of
to be calculated over 40 °. Such a requirement would at least prevent the walls of the air-guiding duct 5 from being wetted by fuel droplets. The air 7 brought in through this channel 5 is here of low pressure, between 20 and 80 mbar, and comes from a blower of an atmospheric combustion system in boilers. Thus it is also said that the pressure atomizing nozzle shown is primarily used in systems where a liquid fuel is used. However, this is not an indispensable requirement, because such a nozzle, as we will see later, can easily be part of a burner of a gas turbine group operated with a gaseous fuel. As for the burner, which has already been mentioned several times, this nozzle is excellently suitable for integration into a burner, as described in EP-A1-0 312 809. This cited European patent application therefore forms an integral part of the present description. The nozzle with item 3 shown in FIG. 1 of EP-A1-0 312 809 would be replaced by the double atomization nozzle described here in such a desired assembly. It shows particularly well how eminently important it is that the inner walls of the partial cone bodies are not wetted by the fuel spray cone from the nozzle. Returning to the double atomizing nozzle of the present figure, it should also be noted that the air 7 supplied, although, as mentioned, has only a small pressure, compresses the liquid fuel spray cone from the nozzle 4. This already happens with a pressure of 20 mbar. This air flow strikes the spray cone radially and / or quasi-radially and forces its flow to flow out through a cylindrical opening 8 placed centrally in the diaphragm 3. In stage B, a homogeneous fuel / air mixture is then created. This stage then creates an innovation in the angle of the spray cone, which turns out to be much smaller than the original one from the nozzle 4. The atomization of the Fuel 6 in this stage B is largely independent of the atomization quality provided in the previous stage A. The cross section of the opening 8 is designed such that approximately 50% of the air brought in through the channel 5 can swallow. The remaining portion of air flows directly through a number of passages 9 provided in the nozzle 3 into a chamber 10 located downstream of the latter nozzle, which chamber 10 spreads between the rear wall of the first nozzle 3 and the front wall of the second nozzle 2. It is important that the overall cross-section of all the passages 9 has a sufficiently large medium swallowing capacity, and on the other hand these passages 9 must be arranged in such a way that they are placed on an outer diameter of the diaphragm 3, if possible, also in the chamber 10 to obtain radial and / or quasi-radial flow of air 7a to the new spray cone of the mixture. In stage C, a further mixture of the mixture previously formed in stage B then takes place, this stage C primarily fulfilling the task of finally atomizing any drops of liquid fuel 6 that may still be present in the wake of the previous stage B, and, moreover, to accomplish yet another straightening of the spray cone in the axial direction. Accordingly, this atomizing nozzle enables very small angles of the spray cone, in the order of magnitude of less than 20 °, whereby the atomization achieves a very high degree of homogeneity, which is of eminent importance for the subsequent combustion with regard to pollutant emissions and the efficiency of the system. This atomization is also largely independent of the wear of the components of the entire double atomization nozzle. With this configuration, this nozzle can also be optimally cooled and shielded, should this be necessary for the respective application. Both at partial load operation or when the
Even the last drops of fuel are atomized just as well. By changing the distance D, between the front of the nozzle 4 and the front wall of the first orifice 3, and the distance E, between the back wall of the first orifice 3 and the front wall of the second orifice 2, the spray cone can be adjusted in stage C, depending on the size of the fuel droplets , change to a hollow or a full cone. With the present double atomization nozzle, mixing operation can be carried out without further ado: the air stream 7 can be mixed with a portion of a gaseous fuel, in fact it is even possible to introduce a gaseous fuel through the channel 5 alone. This double atomization nozzle is furthermore excellently suited to mixing the air 7 brought in with a portion of recirculated exhaust gas. This exhaust gas recirculation is particularly suitable for reducing the exhaust gas emissions in a near-stoichiometric operation.

Claims (5)

Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Druckzerstäubungsdüse mit einem flüssigen Brennstoff, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brennstoff-Sprühkegel aus der Düse (4) vor mindestens einer der Düse (4) in Abströmungsrichtung nachgeschalteten Blende (3, 2) mindestens einmal mit einem gasförmigen Medium (7, 7a), das durch ein die Düse (4) ummantelndes Aussenrohr (1) strömt, gemischt wird, dass das gasförmige Medium (7, 7a) vor der Blende (3, 2) radial und/oder quasi-radial auf den Sprühkegel auftrifft, dergestalt, dass der ursprüngliche Sprühwinkel des Sprühkegels aus der Düse (4) komprimiert wird, und dass der verkleinerte Sprühwinkel des so entstandenen Gemisches über die Blende (3, 2) konserviert wird.Method for operating a pressure atomizing nozzle with a liquid fuel, characterized in that the fuel spray cone from the nozzle (4) in front of at least one orifice (3, 2) downstream of the nozzle (4) at least once with a gaseous medium (7, 7a), which flows through an outer tube (1) encasing the nozzle (4), is mixed such that the gaseous medium (7, 7a) strikes the spray cone radially and / or quasi-radially in front of the orifice (3, 2), in such a way that the original spray angle of the spray cone is compressed from the nozzle (4), and that the reduced spray angle of the mixture formed in this way is preserved via the orifice (3, 2). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dass das Gemisch die Blende (3, 2) unter einem Sprühwinkel von kleiner 20° verlässt.A method according to claim 1, that the mixture leaves the aperture (3, 2) at a spray angle of less than 20 °. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bildung des Gemisches bei einem Druck des gasförmigen Mediums von 20 mbar zustande kommt.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the formation of the mixture occurs at a pressure of the gaseous medium of 20 mbar. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der flüssige Brennstoff (6) aus der Düse (4) mit Luft und/oder mit einem gasförmigen Brennstoff und/oder mit einem Anteil rezirkulierten Abgases gemischt wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid fuel (6) from the nozzle (4) with air and / or with a gaseous fuel and / or with a portion of recirculated exhaust gas is mixed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch Veränderung des Abstandes (D, E) zwischen Düse (4) und Blende (3, 2) das Gemisch-Sprühkegel die Form eines Hohlkegels oder eines Vollkegels einnimmt.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that by changing the distance (D, E) between the nozzle (4) and the orifice (3, 2) the mixture spray cone takes the form of a hollow cone or a full cone.
EP91108522A 1990-06-07 1991-05-25 Pressurised atomising nozzle Expired - Lifetime EP0461447B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1908/90A CH681480A5 (en) 1990-06-07 1990-06-07
CH1908/90 1990-06-07

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EP0461447A1 true EP0461447A1 (en) 1991-12-18
EP0461447B1 EP0461447B1 (en) 1995-05-10

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US (1) US5165606A (en)
EP (1) EP0461447B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3360734B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE122447T1 (en)
CH (1) CH681480A5 (en)
DE (1) DE59105418D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2074192T3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3360734B2 (en) 2002-12-24
JPH04254109A (en) 1992-09-09
EP0461447B1 (en) 1995-05-10
CH681480A5 (en) 1993-03-31
ES2074192T3 (en) 1995-09-01
ATE122447T1 (en) 1995-05-15
US5165606A (en) 1992-11-24
DE59105418D1 (en) 1995-06-14

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