EP0460381B1 - Multi-jet injection nozzle with controlled cross-section - Google Patents
Multi-jet injection nozzle with controlled cross-section Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0460381B1 EP0460381B1 EP91105673A EP91105673A EP0460381B1 EP 0460381 B1 EP0460381 B1 EP 0460381B1 EP 91105673 A EP91105673 A EP 91105673A EP 91105673 A EP91105673 A EP 91105673A EP 0460381 B1 EP0460381 B1 EP 0460381B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- control needle
- needle
- injection nozzle
- compression spring
- stroke
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/02—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 of valveless type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
- F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
- F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
- F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
- F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
- F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
- F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
- F02M45/083—Having two or more closing springs acting on injection-valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/08—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/161—Means for adjusting injection-valve lift
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
- Y10T137/86718—Dividing into parallel flow paths with recombining
- Y10T137/86759—Reciprocating
- Y10T137/86791—Piston
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cross-section-controlled multi-jet injection nozzle according to the preamble of claim 1.
- GB-A 21 11 124 it is known to open the nozzle needle in the direction of the combustion chamber.
- the sealing seat is conical and at the same time represents the outlet opening, the outlet opening forming the fuel outlet cross section.
- the nozzle needle is held in the starting position by a closing spring.
- a second spring is connected in series to the closing spring and allows the nozzle needle to be raised by a small amount. Only when a piston actuating the second spring strikes against a stroke limitation and the fuel pressure rises further is the nozzle needle brought into the full open position by the direct action of the fuel pressure against the force of the closing spring.
- Such an injection nozzle allows a step-by-step increase in the injection quantity, but it is not possible with this injection nozzle to keep the fuel pressure constantly high over the entire operating range.
- the mixture formation suffers, since the large circumference of the annular gap is in a very unfavorable ratio to the spray cross section, as a result of which the fuel preparation and the mixture formation are adversely affected.
- the invention has for its object to split the amount of fuel injected into several jets with a favorable ratio of spray cross-section to the circumference of the cross-section flowed through and at the same time to keep the injection pressure upstream of the injection channels approximately constant over the entire map area.
- the opening cross-sections of the control needle can be varied, so that in all operating states of the internal combustion engine there is always a sufficiently high fuel pressure in front of the injection channels, which ensures that with air-distributed injection a high atomization fineness for optimal mixture formation to achieve.
- the maximum injection pressure in the lower speed and load range will be as high as in the upper speed and load range.
- control device is characterized by the features of claim 2.
- Self-regulation of the fuel pressure can be carried out in a simple manner with the aid of appropriately coordinated springs, which release a larger outlet cross section as the pressure increases and vice versa.
- the second compression spring is provided to compensate for the effective pressure area added when the nozzle is opened.
- the first compression spring releases an outlet cross section for idling the engine or for the lower speed and load range, while by overcoming the second compression spring connected in parallel, the outlet cross section adapts to the increasing speed and load.
- the limit stop of the spray cross-section at full load and nominal speed is achieved by the fixed stop.
- control of the stroke of the control needle is accomplished by control by means of map-controlled electronics.
- a wedge piece can be used as a suitable mechanical actuator for limiting the control needle stroke, which is controlled directly or indirectly by the electronics and thus limits the stroke of the same in a continuously adjustable manner.
- the hollow needle ensures an additional seal to the spline, so that dripping of fuel is avoided if the spline should not be absolutely tight.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a longitudinal section through an injection nozzle.
- This essentially consists of a nozzle holder 1, a nozzle body 2 and a control needle 3 which is axially movably guided in the nozzle body 2.
- the control needle 3 has a conical sealing surface 4 at its end on the combustion chamber side, which according to the invention is designed as a spline 5.
- the control needle 3 is held in its closed position at its end facing away from the combustion chamber by a prestressed first compression spring 6.
- the first compression spring 6 is supported on the one hand against the nozzle holder 1 and on the other hand against a stop 7 connected to the control needle 3.
- a ring stop 8 is provided which cooperates with the stop 7.
- This stop 8 is held in the starting position by means of a second prestressed compression spring 9, the ring stop 8 being supported against the nozzle holder 1. Between the stop 7 and the ring stop 8 is provided with a gap with the thickness h1.
- the second compression spring 9 is arranged coaxially with the control needle 3 and the first compression spring 6 surrounding it.
- Fuel is supplied to a pressure chamber 9a of the injection nozzle via an inlet bore 10 by an injection pump. Under the pressure of the fuel, the control needle 3 opens in the direction of a combustion chamber by overcoming the force of the prestressed first compression spring 6. The fuel is then sprayed into the combustion chamber via several jets in accordance with the design of the spline 5 described in more detail in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the spray cross section can be graduated by the stroke of the control needle 3.
- the stroke of the control needle 3 is initially limited by the ring stop 8 when the stroke has exhausted the path h1.
- the relatively slight increase in fuel pressure increases the stroke of the control needle 3 by overcoming the force of the second pressure spring 9 connected in parallel with the first pressure spring 6, until the maximum stroke of the control needle 3 at full load after exhausting a stroke h2 by a fixed stop 11 is limited, against which the ring stop 8 starts.
- the spring constant of the second compression spring 9 is chosen to be significantly smaller than that of the first compression spring 6.
- the fixed stop 11 is designed as an annular surface in the nozzle holder 1.
- a bore 10a is provided to discharge leakage.
- FIG. 2 A detailed view of the injection nozzle in longitudinal section at the end on the combustion chamber side is shown in FIG. 2.
- the left half represents the injection nozzle in the closed state, while the right half shows it in the open state.
- the control needle 3 has the axially and radially directed spline 5, which is divided into a conical sealing surface 4 and flanks 13.
- the sealing surface 4 of the nozzle needle 3 is opposed by a sealing seat surface 4a, which is incorporated in the nozzle body 2.
- the injection of fuel is initiated - as shown in the right half - in that the control needle 3 opens in the direction of the combustion chamber by the effect of the fuel pressure on the cross-sectional difference between the larger first surface 14 and the smaller second surface 15, as does the right half the figure 2 represents.
- the fuel is supplied to the spline 5 via a groove 17 and an annular space 18.
- One of the injection cross sections 16, as it results when the control needle 3 is opened, is shown drawn out.
- a section III-III of Figure 2 is shown in Figure 3.
- the fuel first passes through the groove 17 of the control needle 3 in front of the sealing surface 4 shown in FIG. 2, which is conical in accordance with the example shown.
- the fuel is sprayed off via the injection cross sections 16.
- the injection cross section 16 is delimited by the conical sealing surface 4 (FIG. 2) and the groove flanks 13.
- the injection cross sections 16 can have different sizes.
- a sector 19 is shown in FIG. 3, ie not in section.
- FIG. 4 An alternative solution to the control of the control needle 3 can be seen in FIG. 4.
- the stroke of the control needle 3 is limited by a wedge piece 20, which corresponds to an end stop 21 in the movement indicated by the direction of the arrow, so that the stroke movement of the control needle 3 can be infinitely limited in accordance with a game h.
- the wedge piece 20 is actuated by an actuator 22, which can be acted upon by map-controlled electronics.
- FIG. 5 A variation of the injection nozzle as shown in Figure 1 is shown in Figure 5.
- the control needle 3 is connected in parallel with a hollow needle 23 which is coaxially movable with respect to this.
- the hollow needle 23 is held in the starting position by a prestressed third compression spring 24 and additionally seals the spline 5 against the pressure chamber 9a by means of an upstream conical surface 25.
- the hollow needle 23 first opens against the force of the third compression spring 24.
- the difference between the areas of a pressure shoulder 26 and that of the liquid pressure in the closed position does not function as the effective pressure area exposed conical surface 25.
- the fuel passes into the annular space 18 via grooves 17 and then opens - as described under FIG. 1 - the control needle 3.
- the advantage of such a design is that the spline 5 of the sole sealing function is relieved.
- Figure 6 shows in detail the combustion chamber end of the injection nozzle in the version according to Figure 5.
- the control needle 3 is surrounded by the hollow needle 23, which additionally seals the spline 5 against the pressure chamber 9a ( Figure 5) by the conical surface 25, as in the left half of the figure is shown.
- the hollow needle 23 By increasing the fuel pressure, the hollow needle 23 first lifts off the conical surface 25, as shown in the right half of the figure. The fuel under pressure then flows via the grooves 17 into the annular space 18 in front of the spline teeth 5. Contrary to the force of the compression springs 6 and 9, the control needle 3 opens as described in FIG. 1.
- the hollow needle 23 first opens according to FIGS. 5 and 6, or the control needle 3 opens immediately according to FIGS. 1 and 2 and releases the required injection cross section 16.
- the control of the spray cross-section can be done with the help of the fuel pressure and corresponding effective areas known manner in connection with stepped compression springs 6, 9, 24 or by a map-dependent, preferably electronically controlled stroke limiting device ( Figure 4). Injection pressure and injection duration can thus be optimally coordinated.
- the spray channels are closed by moving the control needle 3 back.
- the fuel still present in the spray channels is pressed out under pressure and droplet formation at the end of the injection is avoided.
- the fuel volume already downstream of the hollow needle cannot flow into the combustion chamber in an uncontrolled manner.
- the continuous axial movement of the control needle 3 with changing lifting heights depending on the engine operation ensures that, despite the tendency to coke the toothing exposed to fire, the proposed cross-sectional spray control is retained.
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine querschnittgesteuerte Mehrstrahl-Einspritzdüse entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a cross-section-controlled multi-jet injection nozzle according to the preamble of
Durch GB-A 21 11 124 ist es bekannt, die Düsennadel in Richtung des Brennraumes zu öffnen. Der Dichtsitz ist dabei kegelig ausgebildet und stellt gleichzeitig die Austrittsöffnung dar, wobei die Austrittsöffnung den Brennstoff-Austrittsquerschnitt bildet. Die Düsennadel wird durch eine Schließfeder in Ausgangsstellung gehalten. Eine zweite Feder ist der Schließfeder in Reihe geschaltet und gestattet es die Düsennadel um einen geringen Betrag anzuheben. Erst wenn ein die zweite Feder betätigender Kolben gegen eine Hubbegrenzung anschlägt und der Brennstoffdruck weiter ansteigt wird die Düsennadel durch direkte Einwirkung des Brennstoffdruckes entgegen der Kraft der Schließfeder in die volle Öffnungsstellung gebracht. Eine derartige Einspritzdüse erlaubt zwar eine stufenweise Erhöhung der Einspritzmenge, jedoch ist es mit dieser Einspritzdüse nicht möglich den Brennstoffdruck über den gesamten Betriebsbereich konstant hoch zu halten. Weil der austretende Hohlkegelstrahl nicht unterteilt ist, leidet die Gemischbildung, da der große Umfang des Ringspaltes in einem sehr ungünstigen Verhältnis zum Spritzquerschnitt steht, wodurch die Kraftstoffaufbereitung und die Gemischbildung negativ beeinflußt werden.From GB-A 21 11 124 it is known to open the nozzle needle in the direction of the combustion chamber. The sealing seat is conical and at the same time represents the outlet opening, the outlet opening forming the fuel outlet cross section. The nozzle needle is held in the starting position by a closing spring. A second spring is connected in series to the closing spring and allows the nozzle needle to be raised by a small amount. Only when a piston actuating the second spring strikes against a stroke limitation and the fuel pressure rises further is the nozzle needle brought into the full open position by the direct action of the fuel pressure against the force of the closing spring. Such an injection nozzle allows a step-by-step increase in the injection quantity, but it is not possible with this injection nozzle to keep the fuel pressure constantly high over the entire operating range. Because the emerging hollow cone jet is not subdivided, the mixture formation suffers, since the large circumference of the annular gap is in a very unfavorable ratio to the spray cross section, as a result of which the fuel preparation and the mixture formation are adversely affected.
Ausgehend von einer Einspritzdüse gemäß dem Oberbegriff liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die eingespritzte Brennstoffmenge in mehrere Strahlen mit einem günstigen Verhältnis von Spritzquerschnitt zu Umfang des durchströmten Querschnitts zu zerteilen und gleichzeitig den Einspritzdruck vor den Einspritzkanälen über den gesamten Kennfeldbereich näherungsweise konstant zu halten.Starting from an injection nozzle according to the preamble, the invention has for its object to split the amount of fuel injected into several jets with a favorable ratio of spray cross-section to the circumference of the cross-section flowed through and at the same time to keep the injection pressure upstream of the injection channels approximately constant over the entire map area.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing features of
Durch die besondere Formgebung der Dichtfläche der Steuernadel lassen sich die Öffnungsquerschnitte der Steuernadel variieren, so daß sich in allen Betriebszuständen der Brennkraftmaschine stets ein genügend hoher Brennstoffdruck vor den Einspritzkanälen einstellt, der dafür sorgt, daß bei luftverteilter Einspritzung eine hohe Zerstäubungsfeinheit für eine optimale Gemischbildung zu erreichen ist. In erster Näherung wird dabei im unteren Drehzahl- und Lastbereich der maximale Einspritzdruck so hoch wie im oberen Drehzahl- und Lastbereich sein.Due to the special shape of the sealing surface of the control needle, the opening cross-sections of the control needle can be varied, so that in all operating states of the internal combustion engine there is always a sufficiently high fuel pressure in front of the injection channels, which ensures that with air-distributed injection a high atomization fineness for optimal mixture formation to achieve. In a first approximation, the maximum injection pressure in the lower speed and load range will be as high as in the upper speed and load range.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausbildung der Regeleinrichtung ist durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 2 gekennzeichnet.An advantageous embodiment of the control device is characterized by the features of
Auf einfache Weise kann eine Selbstregulierung des Brennstoffdruckes mit Hilfe entsprechend abgestimmter Federn erfolgen, die bei steigendem Druck einen größeren Austrittsquerschnitt freigeben und umgekehrt. Zum Ausgleich der bei Düsenöffnung hinzukommenden wirksamen Druckfläche wird die zweite Druckfeder vorgesehen. Die erste Druckfeder gibt einen Austrittsquerschnitt für den Motorleerlauf bzw. für den unteren Drehzahl- und Lastbereich frei, während durch Überwindung der parallel geschalteten zweiten Druckfeder der Austrittsquerschnitt sich der steigenden Drehzahl und Last anpaßt. Die Begrenzung des Spritzquerschnittes bei Vollast und Nenndrehzahl wird durch den Festanschlag bewerkstelligt.Self-regulation of the fuel pressure can be carried out in a simple manner with the aid of appropriately coordinated springs, which release a larger outlet cross section as the pressure increases and vice versa. The second compression spring is provided to compensate for the effective pressure area added when the nozzle is opened. The first compression spring releases an outlet cross section for idling the engine or for the lower speed and load range, while by overcoming the second compression spring connected in parallel, the outlet cross section adapts to the increasing speed and load. The limit stop of the spray cross-section at full load and nominal speed is achieved by the fixed stop.
Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung zeichnet sich durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 3 aus.A further development of the invention is characterized by the features of
Die Regelung des Hubes der Steuernadel wird durch Ansteuerung mittels einer kennfeldgesteuerten Elektronik bewerkstelligt. Als geeignetes mechanische Stellglied für die Begrenzung des Steuernadelhubes kann ein Keilstück dienen, welches durch die Elektronik direkt oder indirekt angesteuert wird und so den Hub derselben stufenlos einstellbar begrenzt.The control of the stroke of the control needle is accomplished by control by means of map-controlled electronics. A wedge piece can be used as a suitable mechanical actuator for limiting the control needle stroke, which is controlled directly or indirectly by the electronics and thus limits the stroke of the same in a continuously adjustable manner.
Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale zeichnen sich durch den Anspruch 4 aus.Further advantageous features are characterized by
Die Hohlnadel gewährleistet eine zur Keilverzahnung zusätzliche Abdichtung, so daß ein Nachtropfen von Brennstoff vermieden wird, wenn die Keilverzahnung nicht absolut dicht sein sollte.The hollow needle ensures an additional seal to the spline, so that dripping of fuel is avoided if the spline should not be absolutely tight.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Einspritzdüse sind in Zeichnungen dargestellt. Es zeigt:
Figur 1- einen Längsschnitt durch eine Einspritzdüse
Figur 2- eine Detailansicht im Längsschnitt am brennraumseitigen Ende der Einspritzdüse
Figur 3- einen Schnitt III-III aus
Figur 2 Figur 4- einen Längsschnitt durch die Einspritzdüse im Bereich der Steuerung
Figur 5- einen Längsschnitt durch eine Einspritzdüse mit einer zu einer Steuernadel koaxial angeordneten Hohlnadel
Figur 6- eine Detailansicht aus
Figur 5 im Längsschnitt am brennraumseitigen Ende der Einspritzdüse
- Figure 1
- a longitudinal section through an injection nozzle
- Figure 2
- a detailed view in longitudinal section at the combustion chamber end of the injector
- Figure 3
- a section III-III of Figure 2
- Figure 4
- a longitudinal section through the injection nozzle in the control area
- Figure 5
- a longitudinal section through an injection nozzle with a hollow needle arranged coaxially to a control needle
- Figure 6
- a detailed view of Figure 5 in longitudinal section at the combustion chamber end of the injector
Die Figur 1 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung einen Längsschnitt durch eine Einspritzdüse. Diese besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Düsenhalter 1, einem Düsenkörper 2 und einer im Düsenkörper 2 axial beweglich geführten Steuernadel 3. Die Steuernadel 3 weist an ihrem brennraumseitigen Ende eine kegelige Dichtfläche 4 auf, welche erfindungsgemäß als eine Keilverzahnung 5 ausgeführt ist. Die Steuernadel 3 wird an ihrem brennraumabgewandten Ende durch eine vorgespannte erste Druckfeder 6 in Schließstellung gehalten. Die erste Druckfeder 6 stützt sich dabei einerseits gegen den Düsenhalter 1 und andererseits gegen einen mit der Steuernadel 3 verbundenen Anschlag 7 ab.Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a longitudinal section through an injection nozzle. This essentially consists of a
Zur Begrenzung der Hubbewegung der Steuernadel 3 ist ein Ringanschlag 8 vorgesehen, welcher mit dem Anschlag 7 zusammenwirkt. Dieser Anschlag 8 wird mittels einer zweiten vorgespannten Druckfeder 9 in Ausgangslage gehalten, wobei sich der Ringanschlag 8 gegen den Düsenhalter 1 abstützt. Zwischen dem Anschlag 7 und dem Ringanschlag 8 ist ein Spalt mit der Dicke h1 vorgesehen. Die zweite Druckfeder 9 ist koaxial zur Steuernadel 3 und der diese umgebenden ersten Druckfeder 6 angeordnet.To limit the stroke movement of the
Einem Druckraum 9a der Einspritzdüse wird über eine Zulaufbohrung 10 von einer Einspritzpumpe Brennstoff zugeführt. Unter dem Druck des Brennstoffes öffnet die Steuernadel 3 in Richtung auf einen Brennraum hin, indem die Kraft der vorgespannten ersten Druckfeder 6 überwunden wird. Der Brennstoff wird dann über mehrere Strahlen entsprechend der Gestaltung der in den Figuren 2 und 3 näher beschriebenen Keilverzahnung 5 in den Brennraum abgespritzt. Der Spritzquerschnitt kann durch den Hub der Steuernadel 3 abgestuft werden.Fuel is supplied to a
Im Leerlauf oder im unteren Drehzahl- und Lastbereich einer Brennkraftmaschine wird der Hub der Steuernadel 3 zunächst durch den Ringanschlag 8 begrenzt, wenn der Hub den Weg h1 ausgeschöpft hat.In idle or in the lower speed and load range of an internal combustion engine, the stroke of the
Bei zunehmender Last wird bereits durch den relativ gesehen leicht ansteigenden Brennstoffdruck der Hub der Steuernadel 3 durch Überwindung der Kraft der zur ersten Druckfeder 6 parallel geschalteten zweiten Druckfeder 9 vergrößert, bis der maximale Hub der Steuernadel 3 bei Vollast nach Ausschöpfung eines Hubes h2 durch einen Festanschlag 11 begrenzt wird, gegen den der Ringanschlag 8 anfährt. Die Federkonstante der zweiten Druckfeder 9 ist dabei wesentlich kleiner zu wählen als die der ersten Druckfeder 6. Der Festanschlag 11 ist als eine Ringfläche im Düsenhalter 1 ausgeführt. Zur Abführung von Leckage ist eine Bohrung 10a vorgesehen.With increasing load, the relatively slight increase in fuel pressure increases the stroke of the
Eine Detailansicht der Einspritzdüse im Längsschnitt am brennraumseitigen Ende zeigt Figur 2. Die linke Hälfte stellt die Einspritzdüse im geschlossenen Zustand dar, während die rechte Hälfte diese im geöffneten Zustand wiedergibt.A detailed view of the injection nozzle in longitudinal section at the end on the combustion chamber side is shown in FIG. 2. The left half represents the injection nozzle in the closed state, while the right half shows it in the open state.
Die Steuernadel 3 weist die axial und radial gerichtete Keilverzahnung 5 auf, welche sich in eine kegelige Dichtfläche 4 und Nutenflanken 13 gliedert. Der Dichtfläche 4 der Düsennadel 3 steht eine Dichtsitzfläche 4a gegenüber, welche in den Düsenkörper 2 eingearbeitet ist.The
Die Einspritzung von Brennstoff wird - wie in der rechten Hälfte dargestellt - dadurch eingeleitet, daß durch die Wirkung des Brennstoffdruckes auf die Querschnittsdifferenz der größeren ersten Fläche 14 und der kleineren zweiten Fläche 15 die Steuernadel 3 in Richtung des Brennraumes öffnet, wie es die rechte Hälfte der Figur 2 darstellt. Der Brennstoff wird der Keilverzahnung 5 über eine Nut 17 und einen Ringraum 18 zugeführt. Einer der Spritzquerschnitte 16, wie er sich beim Öffnen der Steuernadel 3 ergibt, ist herausgezeichnet dargestellt.The injection of fuel is initiated - as shown in the right half - in that the
Ein Schnitt III-III aus Figur 2 ist in Figur 3 dargestellt. Der Brennstoff gelangt zunächst über die Nut 17 der Steuernadel 3 vor die aus Figur 2 ersichtliche Dichtfläche 4, welche entsprechend dem dargestellten Beispiel kegelig ausgeführt ist. Nach dem Öffnen der Steuernadel 3 wird der Brennstoff über die Spritzquerschnitte 16 abgespritzt. Der Spritzquerschnitt 16 wird durch die kegelige Dichtfläche 4 (Figur 2) und die Nutenflanken 13 begrenzt. Die Spritzquerschnitte 16 können unterschiedliche Größe aufweisen. Ein Sektor 19 ist in Figur 3 in der Ansicht, also nicht im Schnitt dargestellt.A section III-III of Figure 2 is shown in Figure 3. The fuel first passes through the
Eine zu Figur 1 alternative Lösung der Regelung der Steuernadel 3 kann aus Figur 4 ersehen werden. Der Hub der Steuernadel 3 wird durch ein Keilstück 20 begrenzt, welches in der durch Pfeilrichtung angegebenen Bewegung mit einem Endanschlag 21 korrespondiert, so daß die Hubbewegung der Steuernadel 3 entsprechend einem Spiel h stufenlos begrenzbar ist. Das Keilstück 20 wird von einem Stellglied 22 betätigt, wobei dieses von einer kennfeldgesteuerten Elektronik beaufschlagbar ist.An alternative solution to the control of the
Eine Variation der Einspritzdüse wie sie in Figure 1 dargestellt ist, zeigt Figure 5. Abweichend von der Ausführung nach Figur 1 wird der Steuernadel 3 eine gegenüber dieser koaxial bewegliche Hohlnadel 23 parallel geschaltet. Die Hohlnadel 23 wird durch eine vorgespannte dritte Druckfeder 24 in der Ausgangsstellung gehalten und dichtet die Keilverzahnung 5 mittels einer vorgeschalteten Kegelfläche 25 zusätzlich gegen den Druckraum 9a ab. Wenn der Brennstoff von der Einspritzpumpe her über die Zulaufbohrung 10 und den Druckraum 9a unter Druck gesetzt wird öffnet zunächst die Hohlnadel 23 gegen die Kraft der dritten Druckfeder 24. Als wirksame Druckfläche fungiert die Differenz der Flächen einer Druckschulter 26 und der dem Flüssigkeitsdruck in Schließstellung nicht ausgesetzten Kegelfläche 25. Nach dem Öffnen der Hohlnadel 23 gelangt der Brennstoff über Nuten 17 in den Ringraum 18 und öffnet anschließend - wie unter Figur 1 beschrieben - die Steuernadel 3. Der Vorteil einer solchen Ausführung ist darin zu sehen, daß die Keilverzahnung 5 von der alleinigen Dichtfunktion entlastet wird.A variation of the injection nozzle as shown in Figure 1 is shown in Figure 5. Deviating from the embodiment according to Figure 1 the
Figur 6 zeigt im Detail das brennraumseitige Ende der Einspritzdüse in der Version nach Figur 5. Die Steuernadel 3 wird von der Hohlnadel 23 umgeben, welche durch die Kegelfläche 25 die Keilverzahnung 5 zusätzlich gegen den Druckraum 9a (Figur 5) abdichtet, wie es in der linken Figurenhälfte dargestellt ist. Durch Erhöhung des Brennstoffdruckes hebt zunächst die Hohlnadel 23 von der Kegelfläche 25 ab, wie in der rechten Figurenhälfte dargestellt ist. Der unter Druck stehende Brennstoff strömt an-anschließend über die Nuten 17 in den Ringraum 18 vor der Keilverzahnung 5. Entgegen der Kraft der Druckfedern 6 und 9 öffnet die Steuernadel 3 wie unter Figur 1 beschrieben.Figure 6 shows in detail the combustion chamber end of the injection nozzle in the version according to Figure 5. The
Nachfolgend sei nochmals kurz auf die Arbeitsweise eingegangen. Bei Beginn der Einspritzung öffnet zunächst nach den Figuren 5 und 6 die Hohlnadel 23, bzw. nach den Figuren 1 und 2 unmittelbar die Steuernadel 3 und gibt den erforderlichen Spritzquerschnitt 16 frei. Die Steuerung des Spritzquerschnittes kann mit Hilfe des Kraftstoffdruckes und entsprechenden Wirkflächen in bekannter Weise in Verbindung mit abgestuften Druckfedern 6, 9, 24 oder durch eine kennfeldabhängig, vorzugsweise elektronisch, angesteuerte Hubbegrenzungseinrichtung (Figur 4) erfolgen. Einspritzdruck und Einspritzdauer können so optimal aufeinander abgestimmt werden.The mode of operation is briefly discussed below. At the beginning of the injection, the
Am Ende des Einspritzvorganges werden nach dem Schließen der Hohlnadel 23 die Spritzkanäle durch Zurückfahren der Steuernadel 3 geschlossen. Dabei wird der in den Spritzkanälen noch vorhandene Kraftstoff unter Druck ausgepreßt und Tröpfchenbildung am Ende der Einspritzung vermieden. Außerdem kann das der Hohlnadel bereits nachgelagerte Kraftstoffvolumen nicht unkontrolliert in den Brennraum fließen. Die dauernde Axialbewegung der Steuernadel 3 mit je nach Motorbetrieb wechselnden Hubhöhen sorgt dafür, daß trotz der Neigung zum Verkoken der dem Feuer ausgesetzten Verzahnung die vorschlagsgemäße Spritzquerschnittssteuerung erhalten bleibt.At the end of the injection process, after the
Claims (4)
- A cross-section-controlled multi-jet injection nozzle for air-distributed injection in air-compression internal-combustion engines, in which the injection nozzle essentially comprises a nozzle body (2) and a control needle (3) axially movable therein, the control needle (3) opening in the direction towards a combustion chamber and having a regulating device at the end thereof remote from the combustion chamber, and the control needle (3) being provided at the end thereof towards the combustion chamber with a conical sealing face (4) which cooperates with a similarly conical sealing-seat face (4a) of the nozzle body (2), and when the control needle (3) is opened a gap between the sealing face (4) and the sealing-seat face (4) constitutes an outlet cross-section for the fuel, characterized in that the conical sealing face (4) is formed as a spline (5), [and] the said spline (5) has radially orientated ribs (5a) axially slidable in similarly shaped grooves (5b) in the nozzle body (2).
- An injection nozzle according to Claim 1, characterized in that the regulating device is formed by at least two stops (8, 11) defining the stroke of the control needle (3), the opening movement of the control needle (3) being sub-divisible into at least two stroke heights h1 and h2, the stroke height h1 being defined by the stop of a shoulder (7) of the control needle (3) on an annular stop (8), and the annular stop (8) being held in its starting position by a second compression spring (9) arranged parallel to the first compression spring (6), and the stroke height h2 of the control needle (3) is definable by bringing up the annular stop (8) against a fixed stop (11) in a nozzle holder (1) after overcoming the restoring force of the second compression spring (9) and the first compression spring (6) arranged parallel thereto.
- An injection nozzle according to Claim 1, characterized in that the regulating device is constructed as a wedge member (20) movable at right angles to the control needle (3) and defining the stroke of the control needle (3) by an end stop (21) continuously or adjustably in steps, and the wedge member (20) is actuable by an adjustment member (22) actuable by an electronic means controlled in its characteristic pattern.
- An injection nozzle according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a hollow needle (23) coaxially surrounding the control needle (3) is connected parallel thereto, and the hollow needle (23) is pressed by a third compression spring (24) against a conical face (25) positioned in front of the conical sealing seat (4) of the control needle (3).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4017391A DE4017391C2 (en) | 1990-05-30 | 1990-05-30 | Injection cross-section-controlled injection nozzle for air-distributed fuel injection in an air-compressing internal combustion engine |
DE4017391 | 1990-05-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0460381A1 EP0460381A1 (en) | 1991-12-11 |
EP0460381B1 true EP0460381B1 (en) | 1993-05-12 |
Family
ID=6407482
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91105673A Expired - Lifetime EP0460381B1 (en) | 1990-05-30 | 1991-04-10 | Multi-jet injection nozzle with controlled cross-section |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5282577A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0460381B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH04231675A (en) |
DE (2) | DE4017391C2 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2027062C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4034203C2 (en) * | 1990-10-27 | 1995-02-09 | Rinsum Cornelis Van Dipl Ing | Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines |
US5522550A (en) * | 1992-06-10 | 1996-06-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Injection nozzle for internal combustion engines |
DE4228360A1 (en) * | 1992-06-10 | 1993-12-16 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines |
DE4235948C2 (en) * | 1992-10-23 | 1995-08-31 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines |
DE4332124A1 (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1995-03-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines |
US5435884A (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-07-25 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Spray nozzle and method of manufacturing same |
DE4340305C2 (en) * | 1993-11-26 | 1998-02-19 | Daimler Benz Ag | Fuel injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine |
GB9416785D0 (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1994-10-12 | Lucas Ind Plc | Fuel injection nozzle |
DE4437847A1 (en) * | 1994-10-22 | 1996-04-25 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Diesel fuel injection jet |
DE4440369A1 (en) * | 1994-11-11 | 1996-05-15 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection valve for IC engine |
DE19620521A1 (en) * | 1996-05-22 | 1997-11-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injector for internal combustion engine |
US5713327A (en) * | 1997-01-03 | 1998-02-03 | Tilton; Charles L. | Liquid fuel injection device with pressure-swirl atomizers |
DE19849956A1 (en) * | 1998-09-28 | 2000-04-20 | Case Germany Gmbh | Fuel injection nozzle esp. for IC engines with direct fuel injection has nozzle needle moved into open and closed position by fuel pressure, and precise needle movement adjustment independent of spring tension |
US6109540A (en) * | 1998-10-29 | 2000-08-29 | Caterpillar Inc. | Outwardly opening nozzle valve for a fuel injector |
DE10031579A1 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-17 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Pressure controlled injector with vario register injector |
US6454189B1 (en) | 2000-07-03 | 2002-09-24 | Caterpillar Inc. | Reverse acting nozzle valve and fuel injector using same |
US6626381B2 (en) * | 2001-11-08 | 2003-09-30 | Bombardier Motor Corporation Of America | Multi-port fuel injection nozzle and system and method incorporating same |
US20040083466A1 (en) * | 2002-10-29 | 2004-04-29 | Dapp Michael C. | Hardware parser accelerator |
DE10259799A1 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-07-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Fuel injector |
WO2005075352A1 (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2005-08-18 | Mayekawa Mfg.Co.,Ltd. | Method and apparatus for producing slush nitrogen |
CA2473639C (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-11-14 | Westport Research Inc. | Fuel injection valve |
DE102007036196A1 (en) * | 2007-08-02 | 2009-02-05 | Cosma Engineering Europe Ag | Apparatus for supplying a fluid for explosion forming |
EP2857670B1 (en) | 2013-10-04 | 2018-12-12 | Continental Automotive GmbH | Fuel injector |
DE102014200756A1 (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2015-07-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Gas injector for direct injection of gaseous fuel into a combustion chamber |
RU2613009C1 (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-03-14 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский автомобильно-дорожный государственный технический университет (МАДИ)" | Electrohydraulic nozzle for diesel |
US10208700B2 (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2019-02-19 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method to control fuel spray duration for internal combustion engines |
US10570865B2 (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2020-02-25 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Fuel injector with variable flow direction |
EP3404235A1 (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2018-11-21 | Winterthur Gas & Diesel AG | Large diesel motor and method for operating same |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE435334C (en) * | 1925-03-07 | 1926-10-11 | Neumann Werner | Injection valve with cylindrical needle extension for airless injection |
US2035203A (en) * | 1934-02-21 | 1936-03-24 | John W Smith | Method of and apparatus for feeding fuel |
DE830591C (en) * | 1939-06-13 | 1952-02-07 | Daimler Benz Ag | Injection nozzles, in particular for internal combustion engines |
CH329505A (en) * | 1955-02-23 | 1958-04-30 | Saurer Ag Adolph | Method for controlling the flow cross-section of injection nozzles for internal combustion engines and injection nozzle for carrying out the method |
US2914257A (en) * | 1959-01-02 | 1959-11-24 | Wiant Hugh | Combination burner nozzle |
DE2710138A1 (en) * | 1977-03-09 | 1978-09-14 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | MULTI-HOLE INJECTION NOZZLE |
DE2711389A1 (en) * | 1977-03-16 | 1978-09-21 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | PROCEDURE FOR ADJUSTING THE OPENING STROKE OF A FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE AND FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE FOR PERFORMANCE THROTTLE |
CH622588A5 (en) * | 1977-09-01 | 1981-04-15 | Sulzer Ag | |
DE2949596A1 (en) * | 1979-12-10 | 1981-06-11 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8500 Nürnberg | AIR-COMPRESSING, DIRECT-INJECTING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
DE3105686A1 (en) * | 1981-02-17 | 1982-09-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | "FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE" |
DE3148937A1 (en) * | 1981-12-10 | 1983-06-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
US4513916A (en) * | 1982-10-14 | 1985-04-30 | Lucas Industries | Fuel injection nozzle |
DE3311138A1 (en) * | 1983-03-26 | 1984-10-04 | L'Orange GmbH, 7000 Stuttgart | FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
DE3410476A1 (en) * | 1983-08-13 | 1985-02-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines |
US4817873A (en) * | 1985-11-13 | 1989-04-04 | Orbital Engine Company Proprietary Limited | Nozzles for in-cylinder fuel injection systems |
GB2193252B (en) * | 1986-08-01 | 1991-02-06 | Orbital Eng Pty | Improvements relating to the injection of fuel to an engine |
DE3719459A1 (en) * | 1987-06-11 | 1988-12-29 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
-
1990
- 1990-05-30 DE DE4017391A patent/DE4017391C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-04-10 DE DE9191105673T patent/DE59100106D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-10 EP EP91105673A patent/EP0460381B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-28 JP JP3121713A patent/JPH04231675A/en active Pending
- 1991-05-29 RU SU914895456A patent/RU2027062C1/en active
- 1991-05-30 US US07/707,866 patent/US5282577A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59100106D1 (en) | 1993-06-17 |
DE4017391A1 (en) | 1991-12-12 |
US5282577A (en) | 1994-02-01 |
DE4017391C2 (en) | 1993-10-07 |
JPH04231675A (en) | 1992-08-20 |
RU2027062C1 (en) | 1995-01-20 |
EP0460381A1 (en) | 1991-12-11 |
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