EP0459848B1 - Perfectionnements aux moteurs alternatifs à combustion interne, du type à deux temps - Google Patents
Perfectionnements aux moteurs alternatifs à combustion interne, du type à deux temps Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0459848B1 EP0459848B1 EP91401150A EP91401150A EP0459848B1 EP 0459848 B1 EP0459848 B1 EP 0459848B1 EP 91401150 A EP91401150 A EP 91401150A EP 91401150 A EP91401150 A EP 91401150A EP 0459848 B1 EP0459848 B1 EP 0459848B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- axis
- prechamber
- intake valve
- engine according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241001080024 Telles Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000287107 Passer Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
- F02B25/14—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using reverse-flow scavenging, e.g. with both outlet and inlet ports arranged near bottom of piston stroke
- F02B25/145—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using reverse-flow scavenging, e.g. with both outlet and inlet ports arranged near bottom of piston stroke with intake and exhaust valves exclusively in the cylinder head
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Definitions
- the invention relates to reciprocating internal combustion engines, of the two-stroke type, with distribution by intake and exhaust valves, and with combustion and sweep prechamber, whether they are controlled ignition or spark ignition. compression.
- the invention aims to organize a circulation helical air intake into the cylinder, which simultaneously ensures the reduction of the air short circuit and the formation of a vortex in the combustion chamber.
- the invention also aims to arrange a two-stroke reciprocating engine with valve distribution in such a way that criterion b) defined above is particularly well respected, and this by moving the exhaust port (s) away particles of fresh air introduced into the cylinder, taking into account the orientation of the paths imposed on these particles.
- the invention also aims to improve the two-stroke engines described in French patent FR-A-2,592,430 and which will be chosen below to define the state of the art.
- the aforementioned deflector means which can be constituted by the actual drawing of the intake duct upstream of the seat but which are preferably constituted by blades, can be linked either to the intake valve being disposed with clearance inside the end part of the intake duct, this intake valve then comprising guide means preventing it from turning on itself, either at the seat of the valve intake by loosely surrounding the stem of this valve.
- the prechamber preferably has a height (that is to say a dimension parallel to said axis) which is substantially equal to the stroke of the intake valve. It is advantageous, although not necessary, to give the assembly of the prechamber and the transfer channel a shape which is substantially symmetrical with respect to the plane passing through the axis of the cylinder and through the axis of the intake and give the transfer channel a shape which facilitates the generation of the vortex in the cylinder during scanning as well as the induction of a vortex in the prechamber during compression.
- the prechamber 6 is given, apart from its connection with the transfer channel 8, substantially a form of revolution around an axis parallel to the axis YY of the inlet valve 1O and preferably practically coincident with the latter. YY axis or slightly offset from it.
- a motor as described hitherto with reference to the figures is known from the above FR-A-2 592 430)
- deflector means 17 arranged so as to produce a deflection in one direction, around the axis YY, of the mass of air which arrives via line 13 when the inlet valve 1O is open.
- the transfer channel 8 has a shape such, on the one hand, that the deflection thus produced in the prechamber 6 by the deflector means 17 during the scanning phase generates a substantially helical vortex in the cylinder 1 and, on the other hand, that, during the raising of the piston 4, said substantially helical vortex in turn generates in the pre-chamber 6 a vortex in the same direction.
- the deflector means 17 are generally constituted by blades and can in this case be linked either to the valve 10 (solution not shown) while being disposed with play inside the terminal part of the intake duct 13, in which case the valve 10 includes guide means preventing it from turning on itself, either to seat 7, with clearance around rod 11 of valve 1O as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2.
- the assembly of the prechamber 6 and the transfer channel 8 preferably has a shape that is substantially symmetrical with respect to a plane parallel to the axis XX of the cylinder 1 and passing through the axis YY of the intake valve 1O, preference over plane P.
- the surface transverse 5 of the piston 4 and the head of the cylinder head 3 are preferably planes (subject to the groove or grooves 20 which will be discussed below) and perpendicular to the axis XX of the cylinder 1.
- the lips of the transfer channel 8 are advantageously organized in such a way that the air jet emerging from the prechamber 6 towards the cylinder 1 makes an angle A of the order of 30 ° with the plane parallel to the axis XX of the cylinder 1 and passing through the axis YY of the intake valve 10 (see FIG. 3).
- This angle A obviously depends on the rate of deflection of the mass of air passing through the seat 7 of the inlet valve 1O after having crossed the deflector means 17 as well as the shape of the transfer channel 8. This angle will preferably evolve in a opposite direction to that of the stroke / bore ratio.
- this angle A is too high, the paths of the air particles do not penetrate far enough into the combustion chamber 2 towards the piston 4 and remain too close to the exhaust port (s), which tends to cause passage direct from the exhaust intake, to the detriment of the quality of the sweep. Conversely, if this angle A is too small, the air particles tend to be returned by the piston 4 to the exhaust port (s), which produces the same harmful effect.
- the optimal situation is in the vicinity of a 30 ° angle for a stroke / bore ratio of the order of 1.25.
- the transfer channel 8 has a shape converging towards its outlet in the cylinder 1, it opens out at its connection with the cylinder 1, thus forming with the prechamber a profile substantially in ⁇ and preferably, it is substantially symmetrical with respect to the above-mentioned plane parallel to the axis XX of cylinder 1 and passing through axis YY of inlet valve 1O.
- the geometry of the intake valve 10 prevents it from being put in place by the sky of the cylinder head 3. It is therefore advisable, in known manner, to associate with this intake valve 10 a chapel 21 (FIG. 2) allowing it to be put in place with its seat 7 by crossing the cylinder head 3 (that is to say from right to left according to FIG. 2).
- the injection orifice (s) 18 can be placed in the prechamber 6, either on the side wall of the latter, opposite the inlet valve 1O and preferably distributed on at least one circle centered on the axis of the prechamber 6, or on the peripheral wall thereof.
- annular injection orifice 18 there may be only one annular injection orifice 18 centered on the axis of the prechamber, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2, or else a plurality of orifices distributed over a centered circle on the axis of the prechamber and oriented radially towards the periphery thereof, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5.
- injection orifices are advantageously oriented towards the periphery of the prechamber 6, as appears from FIG. 8 in the manner of one of the families of the generators of a hyperboloid of revolution.
- this circle advantageously has a diameter d of the order of 50% of the diameter D of the prechamber 6 ..
- injection orifice 18 in the form of a sheet (nipple injector) which is located on the dome of the prechamber 6, it that is to say on the part of the wall peripheral of the latter which is opposite to the transfer channel 8.
- This injection orifice 18, which flows towards the transfer channel 8, is then oriented so that the jet or layer of fuel 19 which it discharges is placed in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of the prechamber 6.
- the invention is particularly advantageously applicable to engines supercharged by turbocharger driven by the exhaust gases.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9006781A FR2662745B1 (fr) | 1990-05-31 | 1990-05-31 | Perfectionnements aux moteurs alternatifs a combustion interne, du type a deux temps. |
FR9006781 | 1990-05-31 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0459848A1 EP0459848A1 (fr) | 1991-12-04 |
EP0459848B1 true EP0459848B1 (fr) | 1994-11-30 |
Family
ID=9397145
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91401150A Expired - Lifetime EP0459848B1 (fr) | 1990-05-31 | 1991-04-30 | Perfectionnements aux moteurs alternatifs à combustion interne, du type à deux temps |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5086735A (es) |
EP (1) | EP0459848B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JPH04231618A (es) |
CN (1) | CN1023826C (es) |
DE (1) | DE69105355T2 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2065632T3 (es) |
FR (1) | FR2662745B1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4446057A1 (de) * | 1994-12-22 | 1996-06-27 | Jun Martin Wimmer | Verfahren zum Erzeugen von physikalischer Leistung mit einer Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschine |
US5692468A (en) * | 1995-07-25 | 1997-12-02 | Outboard Marine Corporation | Fuel-injected internal combustion engine with improved combustion |
DE60018905T2 (de) * | 1999-01-25 | 2006-03-30 | Briggs & Stratton Corp., Wauwatosa | Viertaktbrennkraftmaschine |
US6435159B1 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2002-08-20 | Bombardier Motor Corporation Of America | Fuel injected internal combustion engine with reduced squish factor |
US7297247B2 (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2007-11-20 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Electroformed sputtering target |
US7387103B2 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2008-06-17 | Dan Merritt | Internal combustion engine |
WO2005052335A1 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-06-09 | Musi Engines Limited | Internal combustion engine |
CN100419231C (zh) * | 2005-01-19 | 2008-09-17 | 季晓初 | 预混预燃缸内喷射的燃气内燃机 |
US7287495B1 (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2007-10-30 | Philip Rowe | Two-cycle engine |
GB0712185D0 (en) * | 2007-06-23 | 2007-08-01 | Merritt Dan | Internal combustion engine |
EP2781284A1 (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2014-09-24 | Sandvik Intellectual Property AB | A method for manufacturing a valve spindle |
NO338265B1 (no) * | 2014-09-15 | 2016-08-08 | Viking Heat Engines As | Arrangement for og fremgangsmåte ved innløpsventil for eksternvarmemaskin |
CN112211713B (zh) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-12-21 | 曼能源解决方案公司(德国曼能源解决方案股份公司子公司) | 内燃发动机 |
CN112112729B (zh) * | 2020-08-28 | 2021-10-12 | 江苏大学 | 一种双燃料缸内直喷发动机的可变进气滚流装置 |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1158381A (en) * | 1915-01-25 | 1915-10-26 | Hall Seeley Motor Corp | Two-cycle gas-engine. |
US1464282A (en) * | 1922-07-14 | 1923-08-07 | Klossner Robert | Internal-combustion motor |
US1626387A (en) * | 1923-01-04 | 1927-04-26 | Automotive Valves Co | Internal-combustion engine |
FR949642A (fr) * | 1929-05-25 | 1949-09-05 | Perfectionnements aux moteurs à combustion | |
FR777470A (fr) * | 1933-08-18 | 1935-02-21 | Moteur à combustion interne à deux temps | |
GB454680A (en) * | 1934-06-28 | 1936-10-06 | Nicolas Obram | Combustion chamber for internal combustion engines using liquid fuel |
FR801507A (fr) * | 1935-02-04 | 1936-08-06 | Moteur à combustion interne | |
US2222134A (en) * | 1938-05-24 | 1940-11-19 | Harold B Augustine | Internal combustion engine |
US2587339A (en) * | 1942-10-15 | 1952-02-26 | Citroen Sa Andre | Internal-combustion engine |
US4224905A (en) * | 1978-05-25 | 1980-09-30 | Von Seggern Ernest A | Two-cycle engine with stabilized combustion and method of operation therefor |
EP0013180A1 (en) * | 1979-01-02 | 1980-07-09 | Craig Chilton Hill | Internal combustion engine for compound use |
US4543928A (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1985-10-01 | Von Seggern Ernest | Two cycle engine with dynamic stratification and method of operation therefor |
DE3143402A1 (de) * | 1981-11-02 | 1983-05-11 | Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg | Zweitaktbrennkraftmaschine |
US4467759A (en) * | 1982-10-14 | 1984-08-28 | Artman Noel G | Combined air intake passage and precombustion chamber for internal combustion engine |
FR2592430B1 (fr) * | 1985-12-31 | 1990-01-05 | Melchior Jean | Moteur a combustion interne a deux temps et culasse equipant celui-ci |
-
1990
- 1990-05-31 FR FR9006781A patent/FR2662745B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-04-30 EP EP91401150A patent/EP0459848B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-30 DE DE69105355T patent/DE69105355T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-30 ES ES91401150T patent/ES2065632T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-07 US US07/696,745 patent/US5086735A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-31 JP JP3155473A patent/JPH04231618A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-05-31 CN CN91103570A patent/CN1023826C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1063921A (zh) | 1992-08-26 |
DE69105355D1 (de) | 1995-01-12 |
FR2662745B1 (fr) | 1992-09-11 |
FR2662745A1 (fr) | 1991-12-06 |
US5086735A (en) | 1992-02-11 |
DE69105355T2 (de) | 1995-04-20 |
EP0459848A1 (fr) | 1991-12-04 |
CN1023826C (zh) | 1994-02-16 |
JPH04231618A (ja) | 1992-08-20 |
ES2065632T3 (es) | 1995-02-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0459848B1 (fr) | Perfectionnements aux moteurs alternatifs à combustion interne, du type à deux temps | |
EP0252935B1 (fr) | Moteur a combustion interne a deux temps | |
CH516079A (fr) | Moteur à allumage par compression | |
FR2864578A1 (fr) | Moteur deux temps a injection directe | |
EP0719916B1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif améliorés de recyclage de gaz d'échappement à l'admission d'un moteur quatre temps à allumage commandé | |
EP1340891B1 (fr) | Procédé et moteur pour assurer le mélange d'au moins un fluide gazeux, tel que de l'air, et d'un carburant dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne à injection directe | |
FR2720113A1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif de préparation d'un mélange carbure dans un moteur quatre temps à allumage commande. | |
EP1025347B1 (fr) | Moteur a injection directe et allumage commande | |
EP0296899B1 (fr) | Disposition dans une chambre de combustion d'un moteur deux temps, du système d'alimentation en carburant relativement à la lumière d'échappement | |
EP1247013B1 (fr) | Moteur a combustion interne a injection directe a soupapes commandees | |
EP0507648B1 (fr) | Moteur à deux temps à contrôle sélectif de la charge introduite dans la chambre de combustion | |
WO2020151985A1 (fr) | Conduit d'admission de gaz generant un mouvement aerodynamique du gaz au sein d'un cyclindre | |
FR2629518A1 (fr) | Moteur a combustion interne et culasse pour un tel moteur | |
WO2007118952A1 (fr) | Procede pour melanger au moins un fluide gazeux et un carburant dans la chambre de combustion d’un moteur a combustion interne a injection directe, et moeur utilisant un tel procede | |
FR2467288A1 (fr) | Moteur a deux temps a distribution mixte | |
EP0444027B1 (fr) | Dispositif de balayage d'un cylindre d'un moteur deux temps, a autosuralimentation par effet de post-remplissage, et moteur | |
FR2768177A1 (fr) | Moteur thermique mono-soupape a quatre temps et injection du carburant dans la chambre de combustion | |
EP1512858B1 (fr) | Moteur à combustion interne comportant des moyens d'optimisation du remplissage en air des cylindres | |
FR2887583A1 (fr) | Moteur a combustion interne avec stratification des gaz d'admission | |
FR2833042A1 (fr) | Piston pour moteur a combustion interne et moteur associe | |
FR2770875A1 (fr) | Moteur a combustion interne a allumage commande, a injection directe et a bougie decalee | |
FR2653825A1 (fr) | Moteur a allumage par compression comportant une prechambre de turbulence ayant un canal de transfert a ecoulement divergent. | |
FR2731045A1 (fr) | Dispositif de commande de l'alimentation d'un moteur a combustion interne | |
EP0983426A1 (fr) | Moteur a combustion interne a allumage commande | |
FR2531139A1 (fr) | Dispositif de controle d'un circuit de gaz d'une chambre de combustion |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19920520 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19921027 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: EDELMANN, HENRI BERNARD Inventor name: ANDRE, THIERRY Inventor name: MELCHIOR, JEAN |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT NL SE |
|
RAP4 | Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred) |
Owner name: S.N.C. MELCHIOR TECHNOLOGIE, SOCIETE EN NOM COLLEC |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19941212 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69105355 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19950112 |
|
EAL | Se: european patent in force in sweden |
Ref document number: 91401150.7 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2065632 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19950330 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19950407 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 19950412 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19950425 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19950430 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Effective date: 19960430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19960501 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19960503 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19961101 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19960430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19970101 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 19961101 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 91401150.7 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 19990201 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20000418 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY Effective date: 20010430 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050430 |