EP0457659B1 - Procédé de fendage de quartiers de bois pour l'obtention de merrains et machine pour sa mise en oeuvre - Google Patents

Procédé de fendage de quartiers de bois pour l'obtention de merrains et machine pour sa mise en oeuvre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0457659B1
EP0457659B1 EP91401226A EP91401226A EP0457659B1 EP 0457659 B1 EP0457659 B1 EP 0457659B1 EP 91401226 A EP91401226 A EP 91401226A EP 91401226 A EP91401226 A EP 91401226A EP 0457659 B1 EP0457659 B1 EP 0457659B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wood
splitting
block
cut
thickness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91401226A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0457659A1 (fr
Inventor
Maurice Jeantelot
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0457659A1 publication Critical patent/EP0457659A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27H—BENDING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COOPERAGE; MAKING WHEELS FROM WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
    • B27H3/00—Manufacture of constructional elements of tubes, coops, or barrels
    • B27H3/02—Manufacture of barrel staves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L7/00—Arrangements for splitting wood

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of splitting wooden quarters for obtaining staves or boards split in the direction of the medullary rays which radially pass through the sapwood of these quarters, these staves being used for the manufacture of staves or staves for the making of barrels, barrels or casks. More particularly, it relates to such a splitting process which makes it possible to obtain, in a single pass of a splitting and spreading tool subjected to a continuous thrust by pressure and without striking or percussion, staves of the same thickness determined or chosen in respecting the grain of the wood used, that is to say, the direction of its fibers.
  • the present invention relates to a machine for splitting wood quarters, implementing this method, and designed to carry out the splitting operation to the desired thickness of stave while each quarter of wood to be cut is supported and maintained. by having its longitudinal upper face in a horizontal position.
  • each log is first split into four or six quarters, using a tool split acting like an ax, while it is held in an upright position.
  • Each quarter obtained is then taken up to be split by one of its ends, by means of a cleaver in the form of a wedge subjected to the sudden push of a jack developing a compressive force of twelve to fifteen tonnes, to achieve split boards with a thickness significantly greater than twice that chosen for each stave.
  • the wedge does not act as a spacer between the layers of wood fibers but that its action rather causes the splitting of the wood without taking into account its grain. Consequently, the boards obtained in irregular double thickness must be passed through a planer to equalize them to a determined thickness and, then, the splitting is done with the band saw, so that the wood grain may be cut by places.
  • the aim of the splitting of quarters of wood according to the present invention is to eliminate the major part of the drawbacks presented by the technique currently known and, in particular to allow obtaining staves in a single splitting pass, these staves being cut from a quarter of wood according to a thickness of staves chosen by respecting the grain of the wood and requiring no planing of extra thickness or duplication with the band saw so that all the staves obtained are usable without loss of wood and show an improvement in the quality required for the manufacture of staves or staves.
  • This process uses the free pivoting in both directions of each tool around its longitudinal axis, only after the splitting operation has started to allow the front edge of each of the two tools to follow the grain of the wood. , that is to say the same direction as the fibers thereof, without cutting them, starting respectively from each of the ends of the quarter towards its middle part and causing the progressive separation and without splitting of the wood of the first stave split with respect to the remaining part of the quarter from which will be cut, in its lower longitudinal face, a second stave of the same thickness after turning it upside down from this remaining part so that this lower face becomes the upper face and thus continuation for the successive obtaining of staves until exhaustion of the quarter of wood.
  • this splitting process uses two splitting tools moving towards each other during splitting, each of these tools being constituted by a wedge-shaped piece projecting in width from that of the longitudinal face of the quarter from which each stave will be cut, the front corner part of this part having, on each upper and lower face, a continuous slope from the front edge to a median part which is curved and, then , a flat and substantially horizontal rear part which constitutes the heel part of the tool, which is of narrowed width with respect to the front part which acts as a cleaver for progressive penetration into the wood without cutting the fibers thereof but by spreading the layers of these fibers in the direction of the medullary rays crossing radially the sapwood sector, while the rear part having its two upper and lower faces parallel parallel will serve the spacing obtained by the middle part whose thickness is less than twice that of the stave, this curved middle part tending to cause the continuous separation and without splitting of the wood from the stave cut from the quarter of wood, then the final separation of this stave.
  • This splitting process is implemented by means of a machine which is remarkable in that it comprises: an easel or cradle for resting the quarter of wood to be split, located in the middle part of a support frame and suitable for lifting this quarter and supporting it in the substantially horizontal lying position by centering it in the longitudinal axis of this support frame; two movable jaws along this longitudinal axis, disposed transversely to the latter to trap the quarter of wood by its longitudinal ends, each being mounted on a support movable longitudinally to the frame in order to pivot freely in one direction or the other when it is in the clamping position on the corresponding longitudinal end of the quarter of wood; a thickness guide for each of the staves to be cut by splitting, mounted in an adjustable and movable manner above each of the jaws and in front overhang relative to the front edge or respective jaws thereof, in order to constitute a transverse stop bar for the upper longitudinal face of the quarter of wood and to calibrate the chosen thickness of the stave to be cut while forcing the jaw which carries this transverse stop bar to orient itself
  • Each splitting tool is also adapted to serve as a guide cam at one end of each of two lateral levers connected, by their other end, to the corresponding thickness guide and in order to control the recoil of the latter when the tool is advanced to start the splitting operation and thus release the transverse stop bar from its contact with the longitudinal face of the quarter of the timber below the corresponding end thereof, the arrangement being such that, during the backward reversal of the splitting tool after delivery of a stave, the transverse stop bar is driven to its initial position to serve as support for the new face of the remaining part of the quarter of wood to be cut.
  • the transverse stop bar in each thickness guide, is designed to be adjusted in height relative to the front edge of the tool to be split in its initial position. , located in a parallel plane above the corresponding jaw, in order to define the thickness of the stave to be obtained.
  • the easel for resting and lifting the quarter of wood to be cut into staves has two transverse legs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the frame of the machine and spaced apart from each other in an adjustable manner to support, by its ends, a quarter of wood, each leg being constituted by two pieces, in the form of "V" cradles, which are controlled to move in opposite directions from one another and in one direction or in the other respectively to form a "W" shape whose median branches by their crossing constitute an "X" in which the crossing point can vary on demand in height and vertically with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the frame for set the quarter of the coated wood to the desired splitting position in the upper "V" shape of each leg.
  • each other of the two cradles of each of the legs are controlled by the rotation, in one direction or the other, of a toothed pinion mounted in engagement with two opposite racks which frame it, each of these being integral with the respective base of each of the cradles.
  • each transverse leg of the easel has their arms provided mounted in an articulated manner so as to be able to vary their opening angle on demand as a function of the angular value of the quarter of wood to be cut in staves, either 90 ° for a quarter of an eighth, or 120 ° for a quarter of a twelfth.
  • the splitting machine consists of a frame (1) in the middle part of which is mounted an easel (2) for lifting and supporting a quarter of wood (not shown) in the longitudinal axis of the frame.
  • an easel (2) for lifting and supporting a quarter of wood (not shown) in the longitudinal axis of the frame.
  • the bridge will be described later in more detail in connection with Figure 2.
  • On either side of this bridge (2) are mounted, symmetrically, two movable jaws (3) adapted to clamp a quarter of wood to deliver by its ends and to be able to oscillate transversely on themselves in the longitudinal axis of the frame.
  • each jaw (3) is pivotally mounted on a support (4) movable longitudinally to the frame (1) by means of a control jack (5) which also therefore serves to bring the jaw corresponding in clamping or loosening position.
  • Each jaw (3) supports, in a mobile manner, a thickness guide (6) of stave to be cut, guide which will be described later in relation to FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • Each jaw (3) is also surmounted by a tool to split (7), pivotally mounted on the end of the rod of a control cylinder (8) and guided flat, in the backward or rest position and until it begins the operation of splitting, by ribs (9) projecting from the top of the jaw (3).
  • the jack (5) is supported by an upright (5A) of the frame (1) in which slides, in part high, the rod (8A) of the jack (8), which has its rear end supported by another upright (8A) of the frame.
  • the rear part (3A) of the jaw (3) located in front of its support (4), is slidably mounted on this rod (8A) of the jack and its front part is pivotally supported by means a pivot (4b) located at the upper end of the front arm (4A) of the support 4.
  • each of the two legs of the easel (2) which are located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the frame (1), is constituted by two parts (10, 11) , in the form of "V" cradles, which are controlled to move in opposite directions to one another and in one direction or the other respectively, by means of a toothed pinion (P) engaged with two opposite racks (C1, C2) which surround it, each of these being integral with the respective base of each of the cradles (10, 11).
  • the quarter of wood (12) must be turned over on itself with its initially lower face having to be in the upper position under the thickness guides (6), the pigon (P) will be rotated in the direction anticlockwise, so that the cradle (10) will be moved to the right and the cradle (11) to the left, the sapwood sector resting on the end (11 D) and the face lower on the end (10G).
  • the cradles (10 and 11) have their arms provided mounted in an articulated manner so as to be able to vary their respective opening angle as a function of the angular value of the quarter of wood.
  • the cradle (10) is open at 90 ° and the cradle (11) at 120 °, in order to facilitate the placing of the upper face of the quarter in a substantially horizontal position. of wood to be cut into staves which initially represents about an eighth or a twelfth of a log.
  • the splitting tool (7) shown very schematically, is constituted by a wedge-shaped part whose front part (7A) has an edge (13) splitting whose upper and lower faces are in a continuous slope from this edge to the middle part (7M) which is of slightly convex shape and whose thickness is less than twice that of the stave to be cut.
  • This middle part is followed by a rear extension part (7R), the upper and lower faces of which are substantially horizontal and which is of narrowed width relative to that of the edge (13) to constitute the heel part of the tool.
  • this rod (8B) also serves as a pivot axis for the corresponding jaw (3) and that the heel part of the tool serves as a guide for levers (14), lateral and symmetrical, for controlling advancement or retreat of the thickness guide (6) as best seen in Figure 4.
  • the thickness guide (6) consists of a transverse stop bar (15) which is supported by two lateral rods (16) adjustable in height.
  • the lower end of each rod (16) is engaged in an end cap of a side rod (17) slidably mounted in side brackets (18, 19) of the corresponding jaw (3).
  • each of the levers (14) is pivotally mounted on a pivot (20) and comprises, at its end on the rod side (8B) of the jack (8), a control roller (21) adapted to roll on the end (22) of the tool heel and the corresponding lateral side (23) of this heel.
  • the other end (24) of each lever has an elongated slot (25) in which is engaged a stud (26) carried by a ring (27) fixed in an adjustable manner on the sliding rod (17) and constrained by a spring of compression (28) bearing on the console (18).
  • the jacks (8) simultaneously enter into action and push the splitting tools, the front edge (13) of which rests on the respective corresponding end of the quarter of wood in order to start the splitting operation by a single pass to obtain a stave of thickness determined by the thickness guide whose underside of the transverse stop bar (15) had been set at a spacing, relative to the edge of the tool to split, corresponding to this chosen thickness.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Wood Veneers (AREA)
  • Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Ladders (AREA)
  • Dovetailed Work, And Nailing Machines And Stapling Machines For Wood (AREA)
EP91401226A 1990-05-16 1991-05-13 Procédé de fendage de quartiers de bois pour l'obtention de merrains et machine pour sa mise en oeuvre Expired - Lifetime EP0457659B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9006101 1990-05-16
FR9006101A FR2662112B1 (fr) 1990-05-16 1990-05-16 Procede de fendage de quartiers de bois pour l'obtention de merrains et machine pour sa mise en óoeuvre.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0457659A1 EP0457659A1 (fr) 1991-11-21
EP0457659B1 true EP0457659B1 (fr) 1993-10-06

Family

ID=9396657

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91401226A Expired - Lifetime EP0457659B1 (fr) 1990-05-16 1991-05-13 Procédé de fendage de quartiers de bois pour l'obtention de merrains et machine pour sa mise en oeuvre

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US5090463A (da)
EP (1) EP0457659B1 (da)
JP (1) JPH0592402A (da)
AR (1) AR247995A1 (da)
AT (1) ATE95462T1 (da)
AU (1) AU639103B2 (da)
DE (1) DE69100462T2 (da)
DK (1) DK0457659T3 (da)
ES (1) ES2046026T3 (da)
FR (1) FR2662112B1 (da)
HU (1) HU210362B (da)
PT (1) PT97679A (da)
YU (1) YU48111B (da)
ZA (1) ZA913590B (da)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2683760B1 (fr) * 1991-11-18 1994-01-07 Maurice Jeantelot Procede de fendage d'une bille de bois en quartiers et machine pour sa mise en óoeuvre.
US11478952B1 (en) 2021-12-07 2022-10-25 Charles R. Collier Log cutter

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1663905A (en) * 1926-12-10 1928-03-27 Edwin H Luke Split shingle and method of making same
US2201815A (en) * 1938-04-04 1940-05-21 Totem Shake Corp Shake splitting machine
US2760533A (en) * 1953-06-10 1956-08-28 Balsa Proc Company Inc Wood slicing machine
FR2098826A5 (da) * 1970-07-27 1972-03-10 Beaulieu Adrien
US4799519A (en) * 1988-05-19 1989-01-24 Forbes Curtis E Wood splitter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0457659T3 (da) 1994-03-07
DE69100462T2 (de) 1994-03-31
AU7708491A (en) 1991-11-21
ATE95462T1 (de) 1993-10-15
FR2662112B1 (fr) 1993-11-19
DE69100462D1 (de) 1993-11-11
US5090463A (en) 1992-02-25
HU210362B (en) 1995-04-28
AU639103B2 (en) 1993-07-15
YU83791A (sh) 1995-10-03
YU48111B (sh) 1997-03-07
ES2046026T3 (es) 1994-01-16
HU911633D0 (en) 1991-11-28
AR247995A1 (es) 1995-05-31
HUT57646A (en) 1991-12-30
EP0457659A1 (fr) 1991-11-21
ZA913590B (en) 1992-02-26
JPH0592402A (ja) 1993-04-16
PT97679A (pt) 1993-06-30
FR2662112A1 (fr) 1991-11-22

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