Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
  • E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
  • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
  • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
  • B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
  • B28B17/0036—Cutting means, e.g. water jets

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method and a device for cutting, drilling and the like material-removing processing of rock, ores, coal,
• the invention has for its object to improve the processing of hard objects in particular by clearing groove-shaped or channel-shaped slots with a high clearance rate without bulky additional units; above all, the "advance" when slitting the hard material is to be increased.
• the inventions Process according to the invention, in which at least one jet of a coolant is directed onto the clearing-out point of the object with at least one jet of the pressure medium, and a cooling effect is exerted on the object, by means of which a much higher clearing rate can be achieved than if this cooling medium is missing.
• the cooling medium itself does not necessarily have to be cooler than the pressure medium; it suffices if it has a strongly cooling effect at the point of impact on the object to be slit in the area of the impact of the pressure medium jet.
• the clearing rate is improved by a factor of 3-4 compared to the lack of a cooling medium even if water is used as the pressure medium and air as the cooling medium, provided the pressure of the water is at least 1500 bar. It is assumed that by the coincidence of the high-pressure water with the directional jet or with several directional jets of the air, so much heat is removed from the water before it hits hard granite, for example, that substantial heating of the granite can be avoided. Investigations have shown that in the absence of the cooling medium, the granite at the base or bottom of the groove-shaped slot is heated so strongly that a glassy or
• the invention avoids the formation of such a coating layer which opposes machining and has a high resistance above the granite.
• the interplay of the jets, which heat up the rock considerably when the punctiform pressure medium jets strike it, with the directional jet that cools the rock in the oscillating brushing process, has a favorable effect on crack formation in the rock and on its breaking up and particle-like destruction.
• the object of the invention is particularly well achieved when the pressure medium in the form of several narrow single jets is ejected from a nozzle head under the high pressure of up to and above 2000 bar and when the individual narrow streets are not parallel, but in the form of an increasing Distance from the end face of the nozzle head diverging beams are arranged.
• the density (per unit area) of rays in the central area of the bundle is significantly greater than in the edge area.
• the directional jets of the cooling medium are directed onto the jets of the pressure medium in such a way that directional jets and individual jets of the
• Cut pressure medium Even if the jet of the cooling medium is deflected from the original direction of the directional jet by single radiation of the pressure medium under high pressure, there are strong cooling effects since the speed of the pressure medium jets is very high and is up to over 2000 km / h. If air is used as the cooling medium, an air pressure in the order of magnitude between 1 and 10 bar is sufficient. Icing effects promote the destruction in the impact area on the rock. A cool liquid gas can also be used at least in part instead of air, which improves the results even more, but which also increases the process costs considerably. In addition, abrasive particles, in particular the cooling medium and / or the pressure medium, can also be added.
• the problem is particularly preferably solved by a Device in which the nozzle head for the pressure medium and a straightening head for the cooling medium are arranged side by side so that the above-mentioned effect occurs. It is particularly recommended if at least the nozzle head of the pressure medium exerts an oscillating movement in an oscillating plane which corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the groove-shaped slot to be cleared out of rock or the like.
• the individual jets of the pressure medium are arranged at different angles of attack in relation to this pendulum plane. It is also advisable to use nozzles that prevent the individual jets from spreading out shortly after leaving the nozzle head.
• the individual jets should strike the object essentially in a point-like manner - in the form of a line when commuting, unless the cooling medium exerts an "icing" effect on the pressure medium jets.
• the angles of attack are in particular up to 25 degrees with respect to the pendulum plane.
• the pressure medium supply line is expediently bendable, while the coolant supply line can be rigid.
• Figure 1 is a schematic view of a device according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic section II-II through the device shown in Fig. 1;
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic plan view according to FIG. 1 of another embodiment of the device;
• Fig. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view through a
• Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of another
• FIG. 6 shows a top view of the end face of a nozzle head
• Fig. 7 is a cross section A-3 of Fig. 6 and
• Fig. 8 is a cross section A-C of Fig. 6 on the nozzle head
• Fig. 10 is a broken side view of a
• a rigid pressure medium supply line 12 is connected via connecting webs 36 to the likewise rigid supply line 31 for cooling medium. Both the pressure medium supply line 12 and the cooling medium supply line 31 are parallel arranged pipes.
• a coupling 11 is attached, which connects the pressure medium supply line 30, which is designed as a flexible pendulum tube, with the tube 12 in such a way that the pendulum tube around the articulation parts of the
• a high-pressure hose can also be installed between the pipe 12 and the pendulum tube in such a way that the pressure medium flows through the bendable KD hose, which prevents the pendulum movement of the pendulum tube, i.e. the pressure medium supply line 30, not hindered in operation.
• the supply line 30, which oscillates during operation, is supported on a guide 6, which projects laterally from the cooling medium supply line 31.
• the nozzle head 3 At the free end of the pendulum tube is the nozzle head 3, on the front or front side 3a of which nozzles (not shown here) are arranged, by means of which pressure medium can be expelled onto the rock 15 in operation in the form of jets 5b under high pressure of, for example, 2000 bar .
• the oscillating movement of the pendeo tube and therefore of the entrained nozzle head 3 and the jets 5b, which oscillates to the right and left by the pivoting angle ⁇ , is caused in this example by a drive unit 32 which is attached to the cooling medium supply line 31 and by an energy source, for example Kinetic, electrical, electromagnetic, pneumatic or hydraulic energy can be driven, which is guided through the feed line 31 to the drive unit 32.
• a plunger 33 briefly pushes the pendeo tube in the direction facing away from the feed line 31.
• the spring 34 is tensioned, which on the one hand prevents the pendeo tube from being deflected too far and on on the other hand pulls it back in the opposite direction.
• Lead 31 of the straightening head 31a through which straightening steels 5g of air serving as cooling medium are directed both in the direction of the rock 15 and in the direction of the individual pressure medium jets 5b.
• This device is encased in a protective manner by the housing 40 shown schematically here, except for its open end face.
• a linkage composed of a plurality of lifting legs is used, with which the drive unit 32 brings the feed line 30 of the pressure medium into the oscillating movement.
• the directional jet 5g is inclined at 45 degrees to the main jet direction of the pressure medium, which is illustrated here by the jet 5b of the nozzle head 3; In this embodiment, the other rays of the pressure medium are not specified.
• Nozzles 5a are located in the nozzle coof 3 for the pressure medium, which can optionally also be in the form of jet cones spreading from the nozzle head 3 with increasing direction, although narrow individual jets have proven to be considerably cheaper.
• the pressure medium emerging from the nozzle head 3 in the form of the narrow individual jets 5b under high pressure serves to automatically drive the bendable pendulum tube or the feed line 30 in the direction which is predetermined by the bow-shaped, in particular linear guide 6.
• the pendulum plane lies in the drawing plane, that is, in the same plane in which the supply line 12 for the pressure medium on the one hand and the supply line 31 for the coolant on the other hand are located.
• This embodiment of the invention also ensures that at least one directional jet 5g of the air serving as cooling medium emerges from the directional head 31a in such a way that an at least fictitious interface 200b with the next adjacent jet 5b of the pressure medium results before the rock (not shown here) is reached .
• the rectangular nozzle head 3 has on its free front or face 3a a number of nozzles 5a, of which the middle nozzle 5al at the interface between the plane of symmetry 25s (simultaneously forms the pendulum plane PE) and the transverse plane 25q running at right angles thereto is arranged. Further nozzles 5a are arranged in the central region 3al around the center nozzle 5al, so that the density, ie the number of nozzles per unit area, is in the center area 3al is larger than outside it.
• the outermost nozzles 5a2 are formed by nozzle elements, which are explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 9.
• Bores with internal thread 50 are arranged in the nozzle head 3 starting from the front side 3a so that the axes of the bores are inclined at angles of incidence and ⁇ with respect to the axis of the central nozzle 5al and therefore the main jet direction.
• the rays 5b2 therefore extend diametrically outwards from the end face 3a of the nozzle head 3. It is recommended if the angle of attack in the pendulum plane PE is significantly larger than the angle of attack ß in the transverse plane 25q. In this example, the first-mentioned angle of attack ⁇ 2 is 23 degrees, while the second-mentioned angle of attack ß 2 is 6 degrees.
• the nozzle elements consist of the screw bolts 100 which can be screwed into the internal thread 50 from the end face 3a, and the cylindrical projections 101 expediently extend into the collecting chamber 7 in the nozzle head 3.
• the collecting chamber 7 is provided with a passage with the internal thread 20 with the one in FIG. 7 Not shown feed line 30 connected to the pressure medium.
• the clear diameter of the nozzles 5a in the area of the passage opening 102a is 0.5-1 mm.
• the screw bolt 100 made of steel in particular is provided with an annular insert 102 made of sapphire and / or hard metal in particular, the passage opening 102a of which has the smallest flow cross-section of all the units involved in the passage of the pressure medium.
• the approach 101 of the screw cap 100 has a flow cross section which decreases conically in the flow direction D of the pressure medium. It is at the entrance of the approach 101, a perforated disk 103 is soldered on, for example. The total cross section of all perforation holes 103a in the disk 103 is larger than the flow cross section of the passage opening 102a of the annular
• Insert 102 connects in part to the insert 102, which has an essentially cylindrical bore 101b, to which the conical collecting chamber 101a connects.
• the perforated disk 103 together with the conically or conically narrowing collection chamber 101a, reduces pressure surges. This will be described in detail below.
• Nozzles 5al and 5a2 emerges and forms pressure medium jets 5b1, 5b2, 5b3, and the nozzle head 3 in the pendulum plane
• the bundle of rays formed by the individual, very narrow beams 5b1, 5b2, 5b3 and possibly further individual beams is enveloped in one type
• Directional nozzle 201 directed radially inwards at the angle of incidence ⁇ of approximately 20, with the result that the ray 5b2 set at the angle of incidence ß to the central jet 5b1 is in any case fictitiously hit or cut at the interface 200b2 by the directional jet 5b.
• the Directional beam 5g of the negative pressure is deflected around the beam 5b2, for example, at a very high speed
• Cut jets 5b although this "touching" of the cooling medium, for example the air of the directional jet 5g, with the high-pressure pressure medium leads to a strong cooling even before it hits the rock 15.
• the directional jet 5g does not directly meet the jet 5b of the pressure medium; much more
• the directional jet 5g and the pressure medium jet 5b are essentially parallel next to each other during the oscillating oscillating movement of the nozzle head 3 around the swivel or.
• Pendulum angle ⁇ is pivoted from one position to the other dot-dash position, in which the directional beam is provided with the reference symbol 5g 'and the pressure medium beam with the reference symbol 5b'. Due to the high energy with which the jet 5b, 5b 'of the pressure medium, for example water, with the pressure of 2000 bar in the impact area 209 at the beginning of the slot 15 hits the granite rock 15 at the impact points 210 - and shortly thereafter 210' - finds a sudden heating of the
• the clearing effect in the impact area 209 is therefore one
• the heating without cooling interruptions forms a coating serving as a heat shield for many types of rock, especially in the area of impact, which has the effect of the high-energy jets 5b, 5b 'in the case of prolonged operation compared to the beginning clearing out if the rock is not yet very strong is heated, reduced.
• Granite blocks can be broken out much faster and easier than by drilling holes and blasting them with explosives in a predetermined cuboid shape.
• the media used in the invention are like

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
• Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
• Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
• Earth Drilling (AREA)
• Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
• Polarising Elements (AREA)
• Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
• Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
• Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
• Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
• Recrystallisation Techniques (AREA)
• Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
• Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
• Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Laser Surgery Devices (AREA)
• Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
• Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)

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• 1989
  • 1989-05-16 DE DE3915933A patent/DE3915933C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1990
  • 1990-04-09 EP EP90905515A patent/EP0456768A1/de active Pending
  • 1990-04-09 US US07/681,517 patent/US5255959A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1990-04-09 CA CA002042046A patent/CA2042046C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1990-04-09 AU AU54038/90A patent/AU632325B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1990-04-09 ES ES199090200978T patent/ES2037518T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-04-09 AT AT90200978T patent/ATE83421T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1990-04-09 DE DE9090200978T patent/DE59000596D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1990-04-09 WO PCT/EP1990/000557 patent/WO1990014200A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1990-04-09 EP EP90200978A patent/EP0398405B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-04-09 DK DK90200978.6T patent/DK0398405T3/da active
  • 1990-04-09 BR BR909006867A patent/BR9006867A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1990-05-03 ZA ZA903356A patent/ZA903356B/xx unknown
  • 1990-05-24 TR TR90/0549A patent/TR25327A/xx unknown
• 1993
  • 1993-01-07 GR GR920402811T patent/GR3006737T3/el unknown

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