EP0456539B1 - Röntgenstrahlerzeuger mit schnell und einfach wechselbarer Röhre - Google Patents

Röntgenstrahlerzeuger mit schnell und einfach wechselbarer Röhre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0456539B1
EP0456539B1 EP19910401039 EP91401039A EP0456539B1 EP 0456539 B1 EP0456539 B1 EP 0456539B1 EP 19910401039 EP19910401039 EP 19910401039 EP 91401039 A EP91401039 A EP 91401039A EP 0456539 B1 EP0456539 B1 EP 0456539B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
ray
ray source
stator
insulating material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19910401039
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0456539A1 (de
Inventor
Emile Gabbay
Jean-Pierre Lechevalier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric CGR SA
Original Assignee
General Electric CGR SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric CGR SA filed Critical General Electric CGR SA
Publication of EP0456539A1 publication Critical patent/EP0456539A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0456539B1 publication Critical patent/EP0456539B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/02—Constructional details
    • H05G1/04—Mounting the X-ray tube within a closed housing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an X-ray source consisting of an X-ray tube and its retaining and protective sheath.
  • An X-ray tube essentially comprises two electrodes: a cathode and an anode contained in a vacuum glass balloon and fixed respectively to the ends of the latter.
  • the cathode is generally constituted by a tungsten filament, housed in a metal part of a shape suitable for playing the role of an electronic lens, and which is called a concentrating part.
  • the anode may consist of a cylindrical mass of copper carrying, opposite the filament, a plate of a highly emissive material in X-rays such as tungsten for example, when it is a tube with a fixed anode.
  • the anode In the case of a tube with a rotating anode, the anode often consists of a solid disc, made of molybdenum or graphite for example, generally covered with tungsten; of course, for special applications, the anode materials can be other than those mentioned above.
  • the filament When the filament is made incandescent and a positive voltage of a few kilovolts compared to the cathode is applied to the anode, electrons emitted by the filament are accelerated towards the anode by the electric field and bombard the anode or anti -cathode on a surface called hearth: the hearth becomes the main source of emission of X-ray radiation.
  • the X-ray radiation is produced in all the zone located in front of the anti-cathode.
  • the X-ray tube is placed in a protective envelope or sheath which provides user protection functions, one against X-radiation and the other against the high supply voltages of the tube. Protection against X-rays is obtained by an envelope which stops X-rays except where it is useful for creating the beam used to irradiate the part of the body to be examined.
  • the electrical protection is obtained by an envelope which is, for example, made of metal and which is connected to ground; in addition, the sheath is filled with an insulating liquid which provides insulation between the various supply conductors of the tube or with respect to the envelope at ground potential. Among these conductors, some are at high voltage and are connected to the anode and / or to the cathode and the others are at low voltage and are connected to the filament of the cathode.
  • supply conductors come from a supply device which is generally physically separated from the sheath but which, in certain embodiments of the compact type, in particular, can constitute with the sheath a complete assembly called an X-ray unit.
  • the supply device is placed in an enclosure filled with insulating and cooling liquid, this enclosure being integral with the radiogenic source.
  • the radiogenic source is associated with a device for collimating the X-ray beam which serves to limit its dimensions so as to only irradiate the part of the body to be examined.
  • the radiogenic source whether or not integral with its supply device, and associated with the collimation device, is mechanically fixed in a precise manner to an apparatus which makes it possible to move it relative to the body to be examined.
  • Document EO-A-0 363 248 discloses a device for cooling an X-ray tube.
  • the device comprises a sheath which surrounds the X-ray tube and which defines a space for circulation of a cooling fluid in communication with a cooler.
  • the cooling of the tube is improved, in particular with regard to temperature stability, by the installation in the circulation space of a body whose latent heat of fusion is used.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to produce an X-ray source which allows an easy and rapid replacement of the X-ray tube on the site of the radiology device.
  • the invention therefore relates to an X-ray source which comprises an X-ray tube and two parts, a first part which is integral with the radiology device and which carries the device for collimating the X-ray beam, and a second part which supports all or part of the X-ray tube and which is fixed tightly on the first part, the interior volume created by the assembly of the two parts containing an insulating material which is solid at ambient temperature and which is fluid at the operating temperature of the X-ray source.
  • the first part comprises means for supporting the stator of the motor driving the anode in rotation and the second part comprises means for supporting the rest of the tube, the assembly of the two parts being such that the end of the tube containing the motor rotor fits into the stator.
  • the insulating material may be a wax, a paraffin or a mixture of these elements or a polyurethane containing an oil, a wax or a paraffin or a mixture of these elements.
  • One of these elements can be of the latent heat of fusion type.
  • An X-ray source according to the invention comprises two parts 10 and 11, the part 10 being permanently fixed to the radiology device (not shown) and the part 11 being detachable from the part 10.
  • Part 11 of the source consists of an envelope 19, made of aluminum for example, which serves to support an X-ray tube 20 by means of a tulip 21 into which an end 24 of the tube fits. 20 x-ray.
  • the tube 20 comprises a glass enclosure 25 in which a high vacuum has been produced.
  • This enclosure 25 contains a fixed cathode 26, which is disposed on the side of one end 24, and a rotating anode 27 which is fixed to the end of a rotor 28.
  • the rotor 28 is placed at the other end 29 of the tube 20, this end 29 having an elongated cylindrical shape to receive the rotor and ending in a connector 30.
  • the end 24 of the tube 20 also includes a connector 38 for the passage of at least two supply conductors 32 and 33 which are connected to a connector 34 of conventional type mounted on the casing 19.
  • the connector 34 has a part female 41 secured to the casing 19 and a male part 42 which is connected to a supply device not shown.
  • the envelope 19 is substantially cylindrical so as to surround the tube 20 and ends in a flange 37 for assembly.
  • Part 10 consists of an envelope 12, also made of aluminum, which is pierced with an orifice to place a window 13 transparent to X-rays.
  • the envelope 12 serves as a support for a tulip 14 on which is fixed a stator 15 in the case of an X-ray tube with a rotating anode.
  • the tulip 14 has, along its median axis, a housing 23 equipped to receive the connector 30 of the tube 20.
  • the stator 15 and the anode 27 of the tube are supplied by at least two conductors 17 and 18 which are connected to a connector 16 of the type conventional mounted on the casing 12 and comprising a female part 41 'and a male part 42'.
  • the envelope 12 has at the window 13 an opening 22 for the fitting of the part 11 and more precisely of the part of the tube corresponding to the anode.
  • the envelope 12 ends in a flange 31 of assembly which cooperates with the flange 37 of the part 11.
  • Part 11 therefore fits into part 10 so that the end 29 of the tube 20 comes to be housed in the tulip 14 while the connector 30 is placed in the housing 38.
  • the assembly of the two parts is obtained by means of the flanges 31 and 37 which are equipped with clamping means (40) and sealing means not shown.
  • clamping means 40
  • sealing means not shown.
  • the internal wall of the envelopes 12 and 19 is covered with a layer of lead (not shown) which absorbs this X-ray.
  • the insulating and cooling material is chosen so that it is in solid form at room temperature of 25 ° C and is in liquid form at the operating temperature of the tube, at about 100 ° C. This allows disassembly at room temperature of parts 10 and 11 and their separation from one another by tearing off, the tube 20 remaining integral with part 11. We can then immediately replace this part 11 with another from the factory, tightly assemble it to the part 10 remaining in place on the radiology device and, after heating, complete the volume of the sheath with insulating material.
  • part 11 which has been removed is brought back to the factory where the tube is replaced by a new tube which is put in place in the envelope 19. Then, the part 11 with the new tube is assembled with a part identical to Part 10 of Figure 1.
  • the insulating material is then introduced hot into the assembly constituted by the parts 10 and 11 in a conventional manner and then, after cooling, the part 11 is separated from the mold to serve as a spare part.
  • Part 10 which is used in the factory to produce the spare part for part 11 may be a mold whose shapes reproduce those of part 10 with regard to the common edges of the two parts such as the flange 23 and the internal surface. nesting.
  • the insulating materials which can be used are, according to the invention, mixtures of polyurethane and oil, waxes, paraffins and mixtures of these various elements. It is also possible to use materials with latent heat of fusion which have melting temperatures between 50 ° C and 110 ° C; this is the case for certain waxes and paraffins, methyl fumarate, all electrical insulators.
  • the oil can be replaced by a wax, paraffin or the like.
  • the polyurethane material obtained after injection is porous, which allows the circulation of oil, wax or paraffin and the establishment of a liquid cooling system during the operation of the tube.
  • the casing 19 will include a fluid inlet port while the casing 12 will include an outlet port for said fluid, these two ports being connected by conduits to a heat exchanger.

Landscapes

  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Röntgenstrahlerzeuger, der eine Röntgenröhre und zwei Teile (10, 11) aufweist, nämlich einen ersten Teil (10), der fest mit dem Röntgengerät verbunden ist und die Kollimationseinrichtung für das Röntgenstrahlenbündel trägt, und einen zweiten Teil (11), der eine Röntgenröhre (20) ganz oder teilweise trägt und dicht an dem ersten Teil (10) befestigt wird, wobei das durch den Zusammenbau der beiden Teile entstehende Innenvolumen ein Isoliermaterial (39) enthält, das bei der Umgebungstemperatur fest ist und bei der Betriebstemperatur des Röntgenstrahlerzeugers flüssig ist.
  2. Röntgenstrahlerzeuger nach Anspruch 1, bei welchem die Röntgenröhre (20) vom Typ mit Drehanode (27) ist, der einen mit der Anode verbundenen Rotor (28) und einen Stator (15) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Teil (10) Trägermittel (14) für den Stator (15) aufweist und daß der zweite Teil (11) Trägermittel (21) für den Rest der Röhre aufweist, wobei der Zusammenbau der beiden Teile (10, 11) derart erfolgt, daß das den Rotor (28) des Motors enthaltende Ende der Röhre in den Stator (15) eingeführt wird.
  3. Röntgenstrahlerzeuger nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trägermittel (14) für den Stator und die Trägermittel (21) für den Rest der Röhre jeweils elektrische Verbindungsmittel (23, 38) aufweisen.
  4. Röntgenstrahlerzeuger nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Teil (10 oder 11) einen äußeren Verbinder (16, 34) aufweist, der einerseits mit den elektrischen Verbindungsmitteln (23, 38) und andererseits mit einer Stromversorgungseinrichtung verbunden ist.
  5. Röntgenstrahlerzeuger nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Teil (10, 11) durch eine metallische Umhüllung (12, 19) gebildet ist, die eine Öffnung aufweist, die wenigstens die Abmessungen der Röntgenröhre (20) hat, wobei die Öffnung Mittel (31, 37, 40) zum dichten Zusammenbau einer Umhüllung mit der anderen aufweist.
  6. Röntgenstrahlerzeuger nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Isoliermaterial (39) ein Wachs, ein Paraffin oder eine Mischung dieser Stoffe ist.
  7. Röntgenstrahlerzeuger nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Isoliermaterial (39) ein Polyurethan ist, das ein isolierendes Öl, ein Wachs, ein Paraffin oder eine Mischung dieser Stoffe enthält.
  8. Röntgenstrahlerzeuger nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Isoliermaterial (39) vom Typ mit latenter Schmelzwärme ist.
EP19910401039 1990-05-11 1991-04-18 Röntgenstrahlerzeuger mit schnell und einfach wechselbarer Röhre Expired - Lifetime EP0456539B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9005922 1990-05-11
FR9005922A FR2662023B1 (fr) 1990-05-11 1990-05-11 Source radiogene permettant un remplacement aise et rapide du tube a rayons x.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0456539A1 EP0456539A1 (de) 1991-11-13
EP0456539B1 true EP0456539B1 (de) 1994-01-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19910401039 Expired - Lifetime EP0456539B1 (de) 1990-05-11 1991-04-18 Röntgenstrahlerzeuger mit schnell und einfach wechselbarer Röhre

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EP (1) EP0456539B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69100912T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2662023B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2809278B1 (fr) 2000-05-19 2002-07-19 Ge Med Sys Global Tech Co Llc Dispositif d'emission de rayons x et procede de montage
FR2809277B1 (fr) * 2000-05-19 2002-08-23 Ge Med Sys Global Tech Co Llc Dispositif d'emission de rayons x et procede de montage

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2132194A (en) * 1937-08-06 1938-10-04 Machlett Lab Inc X-ray apparatus
US3859534A (en) * 1972-02-14 1975-01-07 Picker Corp X-ray tube housing
FR2637732B1 (fr) * 1988-10-07 1995-11-17 Gen Electric Cgr Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de refroidissement de tubes a rayons x

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0456539A1 (de) 1991-11-13
DE69100912T2 (de) 1994-05-05
FR2662023A1 (fr) 1991-11-15
FR2662023B1 (fr) 1992-07-10
DE69100912D1 (de) 1994-02-17

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