EP0452358B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum antreiben und steuern eines verbesserten solenoidschlagdruckers - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum antreiben und steuern eines verbesserten solenoidschlagdruckers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0452358B1
EP0452358B1 EP90901174A EP90901174A EP0452358B1 EP 0452358 B1 EP0452358 B1 EP 0452358B1 EP 90901174 A EP90901174 A EP 90901174A EP 90901174 A EP90901174 A EP 90901174A EP 0452358 B1 EP0452358 B1 EP 0452358B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current
amplitude
solenoid
signal
control means
Prior art date
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EP90901174A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0452358A4 (en
EP0452358A1 (de
Inventor
Ronald B. Howes, Jr.
Thomas R. Emmons
Dennis J. Warwick
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Entrust Corp
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Datacard Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/38—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for embossing, e.g. for making matrices for stereotypes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR TOOLS FOR ARTISTIC WORK, e.g. FOR SCULPTURING, GUILLOCHING, CARVING, BRANDING, INLAYING
    • B44B5/00—Machines or apparatus for embossing decorations or marks, e.g. embossing coins
    • B44B5/0061—Machines or apparatus for embossing decorations or marks, e.g. embossing coins characterised by the power drive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
    • H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for driving and controlling an improved solenoid impact imprinter commonly used to emboss information onto a common credit card.
  • the present method, apparatus and improved solenoid structure builds on the invention disclosed in the application of Warwick et al., WO 8710539 hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the Warwick application discloses a solenoid system in which the solenoid coil is energized in two stages, i.e., by a first and second current pulse.
  • the first pulse is intended to bring the print elements into contact or close proximity with the material to be imprinted;
  • the second pulse is intended to imprint the chosen material. Because the print elements are already in contact or in close proximity with the material to be imprinted when the embossing current pulse is applied, the loud impact noise of the printing elements striking the material is eliminated, thus providing an embossing operation with little noise.
  • Using the two pulse method further reduces the velocity of the moving parts which also helps to reduce noise.
  • solenoid driven embossing systems In addition to the noise problem, solenoid driven embossing systems generally encounter the problem of providing a solenoid body assembly (1) that limits heating of the solenoid structure due to eddy-current losses in the material used to construct the solenoid body assembly and (2) that enhances the durability and precision of the solenoid embossing structure.
  • the prior art shows the use of magnetic materials such as steel for the solenoid body assembly.
  • the present method and apparatus improves on the two pulse method for energizing the solenoid coils.
  • this invention provides an apparatus for controlling an impact imprinting system of a type including print elements used to imprint a chosen material.
  • the apparatus includes solenoid structure for driving the print elements in response to a current pulse.
  • Current pulse generator circuitry electrically interconnected to the solenoid structure generates and transmits first and second current pulses to the solenoid structure, the first current pulse having a contact duration and a contact amplitude sufficient to actuate the solenoid structure to cause the print elements to move to a position proximate the chosen material, the second current pulse having an imprint duration and an imprint pulse amplitude sufficient to actuate the solenoid structure to cause the print elements to imprint the chosen material to a desired character height.
  • Current monitor circuitry electrically interconnected to the current pulse generator circuitry senses amplitude of the first and second current pulses and transmits first and second current amplitude sense signals representative of the amplitude of the first and second current pulses, respectively.
  • Current pulse control circuitry electrically interconnected to the current pulse generator circuitry and the current monitor circuitry switches the current pulse generator circuitry between a pulse generating state and a nonpulse generating state.
  • the current pulse control circuitry includes a first signal control which compares the first current amplitude sense signal received from the current monitor circuitry to a first predetermined amplitude value corresponding to the contact pulse amplitude and, upon detection of the first predetermined amplitude value, switches the current pulse generator circuitry to the nonpulse generating state after a first predetermined period of time, corresponding to the contact pulse duration.
  • the current pulse control circuitry further includes a second signal control which compares the second current amplitude sense signal received from the current monitor circuitry to a second predetermined amplitude value corresponding to the imprint pulse amplitude and, upon detection of the second amplitude value, switches the current pulse generator to the nonpulse generating state after a second predetermined period of time, corresponding to the imprint pulse duration.
  • the apparatus further includes a tri-state operation structure for selectively generating a first current signal which steeply increases in amplitude over time, a second current signal which gradually decreases in amplitude over time or a third current signal which steeply decreases in amplitude over time.
  • the tri-state structure is used to generate a current signal which remains substantially constant over time, i.e., by alternating between generating the first current signal and the second current signal with a frequency such that the current signal remains substantially constant in amplitude over time.
  • control means includes a processing means for processing the first and second current amplitude sense signals to provide velocity and position information about the plunger, shaft, anvil and print elements.
  • This invention also provides a novel method of generating a current pulse through a solenoid coil of the type used in an impact imprinting system.
  • a first current signal which steeply increases in amplitude over time, is first applied.
  • current amplitude in the solenoid coil is sensed to obtain a sensed current amplitude signal.
  • the sensed current amplitude signal is compared with a predetermined amplitude value to determine when the predetermined amplitude value is obtained.
  • a second current signal which gradually decreases over time, is applied for a predetermined duration.
  • a third current signal which steeply decreases over time, is applied until said current amplitude is substantially zero.
  • the method described is used to generate the first current pulse, which brings the print element to a position proximate the material to be imprinted.
  • the first current pulse may also be generated under another method which is used in the preferred embodiment to generate the second current pulse.
  • a first current signal which steeply increases in amplitude over time, is applied.
  • current amplitude in the solenoid coil is sensed to obtain a sensed current amplitude signal.
  • the sensed current amplitude signal is compared with a predetermined amplitude value to determine when the predetermined amplitude value is obtained.
  • said first current signal and a second current signal which gradually decreases in amplitude over time, are alternatively applied with a frequency such that a substantially constant current amplitude, equal to said predetermined amplitude value, is maintained for a predetermined duration.
  • a third current signal which steeply decreases over time, is applied until current amplitude is substantially zero.
  • the apparatus includes a plunger, a housing, a solenoid coil, a shaft, and an anvil also referred to as a hammer, at the end of the shaft for engaging the print elements.
  • the housing has an opening extending therethrough for slidably mounting the shaft.
  • the housing also has a guiding structure for slidably aligning the plunger over the plunger opening of the housing.
  • a solenoid coil is secured within the housing and is wrapped about a central portion of the solenoid body.
  • the shaft is attached to the plunger and the shaft extends through the cavity of the solenoid coil.
  • An anvil is attached to the shaft such that when a current is applied through the solenoid coil a resultant magnetic force is generated within the cavity such that the plunger, the shaft and the anvil are actuated in a direction along a center axis of the cavity.
  • the housing means includes a first stack of laminations where laminations within the first stack are secured to adjacent laminations.
  • the housing further includes a second stack of laminations where laminations within said second stack are secured to adjacent laminations.
  • a center block is secured between said first and second stacks.
  • the method for assembling solenoid housing comprises stacking a first stack of laminations; securing the first stack so that laminations within the first stack are held in alignment; stacking a second stack of laminations; securing the second stack so that laminations within the second stack are held in alignment; and securing a center block between the first and second stacks.
  • An alternative method for assembling the solenoid housing may also be used.
  • This alternative method includes stacking a first stack of laminations; stacking a second stack of laminations; stacking a center block between the first and second stacks; and simultaneously exposing the first stack, the second stack and the center block to an adhesive so as to maintain the first stack, the second stack and the center block in alignment.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram representing the main elements of an embodiment of solenoid control circuitry used in accordance with the principles of the present invention to drive a solenoid used in an impact printer device.
  • Figure 2 is a more detailed block diagram representing the main elements of the solenoid control circuitry shown in Figure 1 and further breaks down and shows the main elements of the current pulse control as shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic electrical diagram representing the current pulse generator and the current monitor of Figure 1 as interfaced with the current pulse control and the solenoid.
  • Figure 4 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the solenoid control circuitry.
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram representing an embodiment of solenoid control circuitry used to drive a two-solenoid impact imprinting printer.
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram representing the current pulse generators of the solenoid control circuitry shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 is a top plan view showing the main elements of an embodiment of solenoid structure used to drive an impact imprinter.
  • Figure 8 is an exploded assembly of the solenoid structure shown in Figure 7.
  • Figure 9 is a front plan view showing the main nonmoving elements of an embodiment of the solenoid structure shown in Figure 7.
  • Figure 10 is a bottom plan view of the solenoid structure shown in Figure 9.
  • Figure 11 is a top plan diagrammatic view of an alternate embodiment of a solenoid structure.
  • Figure 12 is a top plan diagrammatic view of yet another alternative embodiment of a solenoid structure.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show the main elements of the solenoid control circuitry 28 that operates and empowers solenoid 56.
  • the control circuitry 28 does this by controlling the current in the solenoid coil 55 per instructions from the current pulse control 10, and more specifically the main control 11.
  • the current pulse control 10 transmits control signals Q1 and Q2 as shown in Figure 4.
  • the current pulse generator 40 applies a current to the solenoid coil 55 in the form of first and second current pulses 4 and 5 as shown in Figure 4.
  • the first current pulse 4 is intended to bring the print element 64a (See figure 7, 64a is commonly known as the punch and 64b is commonly known as the die; in a two-solenoid impact imprinting printer, print element 64b would also be actuated in a similar fashion as 64a) into contact with the material to be imprinted.
  • the second pulse 5 is intended to provide the embossing force to the solenoid coil 55.
  • a 300-volt DC power supply 30 supplies the power to the current pulse generator 40. All the DC power is developed from an AC line power either directly or through a transformer, and then is rectified and stored in capacitors.
  • the current monitor 48 senses the current amplitude in the solenoid coil 55 and transmits a sensed amplitude signal 21 to the current pulse control 10, and more specifically to the amplitude control 20.
  • the current pulse control 10 uses the sensed amplitude signal 21 to control the amplitude and timing of the first and second current pulses 4, 5.
  • FIG 2 shows the current pulse control 10 in more detail.
  • the main control 11 stores parameter information for the first and second current pulses 4, 5. This parameter includes amplitude information corresponding to contact and imprint amplitudes I1, I2, (see Figure 4) and duration information corresponding to contact and imprint durations T1 and T2 (see Figure 4).
  • the main control 11 transmits solenoid reset 13, solenoid clock 14 and solenoid control 15 signals.
  • the switch control 18 decodes these three signals and transmits the following outputs: (1) contact and imprint amplitude signals I1 and I2 to the amplitude control 20; and (2) control signals Q1 and Q2 as shown in Figure 4 to the current pulse generator 40.
  • the switch control 18 also transmits a solenoid status signal 16 to the main control 11, telling the main control 11 that the solenoid coil 55 is working electronically, and a timing control signal 19 to the power line monitor 17.
  • the amplitude control 20 receives input signal I1, determines the contact amplitude I1 and compares it to the sensed amplitude signal 21 from the current monitor 48.
  • the amplitude control 20 receives input signal I2, determines the contact amplitude I2 and compares it to the sensed amplitude signal 21 from the current monitor 48.
  • the amplitude control 20 transmits a current limit signal 23 to the switch control when I1 and I2 limits are achieved.
  • the amplitude control section will also determine if the current pulse generator 40 outputs a current too high for normal operation. When the current output is too high, the amplitude control 20 transmits an over-current signal 22 to the switch control 18.
  • the switch control 18 decodes all the input signals from the main control 11 and provides proper control signals Q1 and Q2 in a proper time sequence (as shown in Figure 4) to the current pulse generator 40. In response, the current pulse generator 40 generates the first and second current pulses 4, 5 as shown in Figure 4. The switch control 18 also transmits a solenoid status signal 16 to the main control 11 telling the main control that the solenoids are operating properly.
  • the switch control 18 receives the solenoid reset 13, the solenoid clock 14 and the solenoid control 15 signals from the main control 11.
  • the solenoid reset 13 signal starts the cycle (as shown in Figure 4) and enables the switch control circuitry 18 as shown in Figure 2.
  • the solenoid clock 14 will count up to a proper level in a counter and also determine the first and second current pulses 4, 5 by its count.
  • the I1 and I2 signals to the amplitude control 20 are direct outputs of this counter and will determine the levels to which the amplitude control 20 will decode.
  • the count procedure is done before the first or second pulses 4, 5 are activated, i.e., for the second current pulse 5, the count procedure takes place during the quiet period 6.
  • the solenoid control 15 will start the solenoid cycle.
  • the Q1 and Q2 control signals will go high--the full power current signal state 1 as shown in Figure 4.
  • the switch control 18 receives the current limit signal 23 from the amplitude control 20.
  • the solenoid status signal 16 will then go low, telling the main control 11 that the current limit was reached and, in response, control signal Q2 will go low--the slow decay current signal state 2.
  • the slow decay current state 2 will be held (Q1 on, Q2 off) for the contact duration T1.
  • the slow decay current state will be counted out in the counters for about one millisecond, after which, control signals Q1 and Q2 are set back to the full power current state (Q1 on, Q2 on) until the appropriate current limit is reached again.
  • control signals Q1 and Q2 are set back to the full power current state (Q1 on, Q2 on) until the appropriate current limit is reached again.
  • alternating Q2 on and off referred to as the chop mode or the alternating switch mode because it switches power on and off, a substantially constant current amplitude is maintained, equal to the imprint current amplitude I2.
  • the current to the solenoid coil 55 is turned off the same way in the first or second pulse 4, 5 by the solenoid control signal 15; when the control signal 15 goes low, both Q1 and Q2 go low and the fast decay current state 3 starts.
  • the solenoid status signal 16 is deactivated differently from the first pulse 4 to the second pulse 5.
  • the first pulse 4 will set the solenoid status signal high after receiving a reset signal 13 from the main control 11.
  • the second pulse 5 will set the solenoid status signal high after receiving a solenoid clock signal 14 from the main control 11. If something went wrong during the cycle, the solenoid status signal 16 will not go high, but remain low.
  • In the logic control there are two circuits which will cause an immediate shut down and the solenoid status signal 16 will remain high which indicates a failure.
  • In the counters there is an internal watchdog timer; if the solenoid stays on in the alternating switch mode for more than 100 milliseconds, then a failure will be signaled and all switches are turned off. Also, if the over-current signal from the amplitude control 20 goes low, the same failure mode will occur.
  • the power line monitor 17 is used to monitor the status of the DC power supply 30. Its purpose is to give as early as possible warning to the main control 11 that the power is not at a sufficient level or is being turned off. It is possible to accomplish this purpose by at least two methods: (1) by monitoring the DC power level; or (2) by monitoring the AC line as it crosses zero or as it is turned off and determining which has happened. When the power is insufficient or is turned off, the power line monitor signal 27 to the main control 11 goes high.
  • a detailed circuit diagram for the current pulse control 10 which transmits control signals Q1 and Q2 is not shown as such circuits are well know and within the skill of one of ordinary skill in the art. There are various ways to make this circuit, including discrete logic, microprocessors, etc.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic electrical diagram for the current pulse generator 40 and the current monitor 48 as interfaced with the current pulse control 10 and solenoid coil 55.
  • the current pulse generator in the preferred embodiment includes an upper transistor 41, a lower transistor 42, a first diode 43, and a second diode 44.
  • the current monitor 48 in the preferred embodiment includes a sense resistor 49 electrically connected to the emitter of lower transistor 42.
  • a 300 volt DC power supply supplies the power to the current pulse generator 40.
  • the upper and lower transistors 41,42 shown are presently bipolar technology using transistors that have collector, base, and emitter connections; these may be substituted with field effect power transistors (FETs) which consist of respectively drain, gate and source connections.
  • FETs field effect power transistors
  • the current pulse generator 40 receives control signals Q1 and Q2 from the current pulse control 10.
  • Figure 4 shows the sequence of the control signals Q1 and Q2 and the resulting behavior of the coil current as monitored by the current monitor 48.
  • both upper and lower transistors 41 and 42 are turned off, and no current flows through the solenoid coil 55.
  • both upper and lower transistors 41 and 42 are turned on, thus generating a full power current signal 1 which steeply increases in amplitude over a period of time as shown in Figure 4.
  • the current flows from the DC power supply 30, through upper transistor 41, solenoid coil 55, lower transistor 42 and finally through the sense resistor 49 of the current monitor 48.
  • the current monitor 48 transmits a sensed amplitude signal 21 to the current pulse control 10, and more specifically to the amplitude control 20.
  • the amplitude control transmits a current limit signal 22 to the switch control 18 which in turn will turn off lower transistor 42.
  • the current pulse generator 40 is in the slow decay current state 2 as shown in Figure 4 (upper transistor 41 on, lower transistor 42 off).
  • the solenoid coil current will begin to flow through the second diode 44, the DC power supply 30, the upper transistor 41 and the solenoid coil 55. This current flow produces a small negative voltage across the solenoid coil 55, thus causing the current to slowly decay during the contact duration T1.
  • the solenoid coil current is maintained substantially constant during the contact duration T1.
  • the current pulse control could be programmed so that the alternating switch mode is also used during the first current pulse 4 to maintain the current amplitude substantially constant, equal to the contact current amplitude I1.
  • the upper transistor 41 is turned off, placing the current pulse generator in the fast decay current state 3.
  • the solenoid coil current flows through the first diode 43, and solenoid coil 55, the second diode 44, and the power supply 30.
  • the upper and lower transistors 41 and 42 remain off for a predetermined quiet period 6.
  • both upper and lower transistors 41 and 42 are turned on, thus starting the second current pulse 5.
  • the current amplitude is again controlled by the current monitor 48 and the amplitude control 20.
  • the amplitude control 20 sends a current limit signal 23 to the switch control 18 which in turns sends a control signal to the current pulse generator 40 causing lower transistor 42 to be turned off.
  • the current pulse generator 40 goes into the alternating switch mode as shown in Figure 4.
  • the lower transistor 42 is turned off and on with a frequency such that a substantially constant current amplitude, equal to the imprint current amplitude I2, is maintained for the imprint duration T2.
  • upper transistor 41 is turned off to allow fast decay of the current through the solenoid coil 55.
  • the combination of the first pulse 4 and the amplitude controlled second pulse 5 allows operation of the solenoid 56 in two motions, a first control motion to bring the print element 64a (see Figure 7) into contact with the material with a low force, and a second high force motion to provide the required embossing force.
  • This circuit achieves high efficiency by using the alternating switch mode to control the level of current in the solenoid coil 55, rather than a means such as current limiting resistors which dissipate power.
  • This invention in part relates to a method for driving and controlling a solenoid embossing system used for imprinting or embossing sheet material such as a common credit card.
  • This method can be used to drive and control a one or two-solenoid embossing system.
  • Figures 5 and 6, for example, are block diagrams representing the main elements of the control circuitry 28 which is used to drive a two-solenoid impact imprinter. For an understanding of this invention, however, describing the method and apparatus as used to control a one-solenoid embossing system is sufficient.
  • Figures 7, 8 and 9 show a solenoid system that may be used as part of an impact imprinter.
  • the solenoid system includes a solenoid coil 55, print elements 64a and 64b, a shaft 63 attached to an anvil 54 and suspended within the solenoid coil 55, and a plunger 62 slidably connected to the solenoid body assembly 61 through dowel pins 71 and cavities 79 for receiving the dowel pins 71.
  • the print elements 64 can be controlled.
  • the method and apparatus in this invention is designed to control current flow in the solenoid coil 55, and thereby control the movement of print element 64a, in such a way as to provide minimum noise and power dissipation in the drive electronics while maintaining precise control over the timing and movement of the print element 64a.
  • the current sense curve I of Figure 4 illustrates the method for applying current to the solenoid coil 55.
  • the method applies the current to the solenoid coil 55 in the form of first current pulse 4 and a second current pulse 5.
  • the current monitor 48 in combination with the current pulse control 10, as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, controls the timing and amplitude of the first and second pulses 4, 5.
  • the current monitor 48 senses the current amplitude and transmits a sensed amplitude signal 21 to the current pulse control 10.
  • the current pulse control 10 compares the sensed amplitude signal 21 with stored amplitude information to determine when the desired current amplitude in the solenoid coil 55 is obtained.
  • the current pulse control 10 also processes the sensed amplitude signal 21 to obtain velocity and position information about the print element 64a.
  • the current pulse generator 40 which could be any current pulse generator designed to provide pulses in the fashion described here, then transmits a first current pulse through solenoid coil 55.
  • the first current pulse 4 is intended to bring the print element 64a into contact with the material to be imprinted.
  • the first current pulse 4 has a contact duration Tl and a contact amplitude Il sufficient to actuate the solenoid coil 55 to cause the print element 64a to move to a position substantially in contact with the material to be imprinted.
  • the current pulse generator 40 then transmits a second current pulse 5 through the solenoid coil 55.
  • the second current pulse 5 is intended to imprint the chosen material.
  • the second current pulse 5 has an imprint pulse duration T2 and an imprint pulse amplitude I2 sufficient to actuate the solenoid coil 55 to cause the print element 64a to imprint the chosen material to a desired character height.
  • a current monitor 48 senses the current amplitude in the solenoid coil 55 to obtain a sensed amplitude signal 21.
  • this sensed amplitude signal 21 is processed to provide velocity and position information about the print element 64a. The velocity and position information is used to control the timing of the first and second current pulses 4, 5.
  • the sensed amplitude signal 21 is further processed to provide amplitude control over the first and second current pulses 4, 5, such that a contact amplitude Il is obtained during the first current pulse 4 and an imprint pulse amplitude I2 is obtained during the second current pulse 5.
  • Velocity and position information corresponding to the print element 64a movement can be derived from sensing a signal proportional to the current, and thus also to the force, in the solenoid coil 55. Current and force, in turn, are proportional to the acceleration of the print element 64a. Integrating the sensed signal proportional to acceleration results in a signal proportional to the velocity of the print element 64a. Integrating this velocity signal, in turn, results in a signal proportional to the position of the print element 64a.
  • the sensed amplitude signal 21 is the voltage drop across sense resistor 49 which is electrically connected in series with the solenoid coil 55. Because the sense resistor 49 is connected in series with the solenoid coil 55, the voltage drop across sense resistor 49 is proportional to the current flow through solenoid coil 55 which, in turn, is proportional to the force exerted on and acceleration of the print element 64a. Thus, the velocity of the print element 64a is proportional to the integrated voltage drop across sense resistor 49, and the position of the print elements is proportional to the double integral of the voltage drop across sense resistor 49.
  • the method further includes steps for generating the first and second current pulses 4, 5, such that the noise and power dissipation is held to a minimum.
  • this method requires a current pulse generator means capable of selectively generating one of three current signals (tri-state current signal operation) as shown in Figure 4 including a full power current signal 1, a slow decay current signal 2, and a fast decay current signal 3.
  • the full power current signal 1 corresponds to the current signal which steeply increases in amplitude over time.
  • the slow decay current signal 2 corresponds to the current signal which gradually decreases in amplitude over time such that the current amplitude is maintained substantially constant.
  • the fast decay current signal 3 corresponds to the current signal which steeply decreases in amplitude over time.
  • the first current pulse 4 begins with a full power current signal 1 causing the current in the solenoid coil 55 to steeply increase in amplitude over time. While the current amplitude in the solenoid coil 55 rises, the current monitor 48 senses the current amplitude and compares the sensed amplitude signal 21 with the desired contact amplitude Il. After the contact amplitude Il is obtained, the current pulse generator 40 applies a slow decay current signal 2 to the solenoid coil 55 causing the current in the solenoid coil 55 to gradually decrease over time for the contact duration Tl. Finally, after the contact duration Tl has passed, the current pulse generator 40 applies the fast decay current signal which causes the current amplitude in the solenoid coil 55 to steeply decrease over time until the current amplitude is substantially zero.
  • the second current pulse 5 also begins with a full power current signal 1 causing the current amplitude in the solenoid coil 55 to steeply increase over time.
  • the current monitor 48 senses the current amplitude in the solenoid coil 55 and compares the sensed amplitude signal 21 with the imprint amplitude I2 to determine when the imprint amplitude I2 is obtained.
  • the current pulse generator 40 then alternates between a slow decay current signal 2 and a full power current signal 1 with a frequency such that a substantially constant current amplitude, equal to the imprint amplitude I2, is maintained for the imprint duration T2 as shown in Figure 4.
  • a fast decay current signal 3 is applied to the solenoid coil 55 causing the current in the solenoid coil 55 to steeply decrease over time until the current amplitude is substantially zero.
  • Figure 7 shows the solenoid structure 56 as positioned with respect to the material 96 to be embossed, i.e., a credit card 96, and the card path 98.
  • a second solenoid structure could be used to drive print element 64b in the same manner as print element 64a is driven.
  • the shaft/plunger/anvil arrangement 63,62,54 are actuated in the direction shown by arrows 99.
  • the anvil 54 engages print element 64a, which is held within a retaining band 53, and the print element engages and embosses the credit card 96 in response to the first and second current pulses 4, 5.
  • print element 64b is also actuated by the two pulse method described in sections A and B above.
  • print element 64b is in a stationary position adjacent the material to be imprinted.
  • the cavity and dowel pin arrangement 79, 71 prevents the plunger 62 from rotating while the brushings 74 slidably align the shaft 63 within the solenoid body 61.
  • Dowel pins 71 are attached to the plunger 62 and are slidably received in bearings 69 located in cavities 79.
  • Return springs 70 are coaxially disposed about the dowel pins 71 and received in the cavities 79 for returning the plunger 62 to and holding the plunger 62 in the at rest position.
  • Bearings 69 permit the dowel pins 71 to easily move with respect to the solenoid body assembly 61.
  • the socket screw 73 and washers 72 attach the plunger 62 to the shaft 63.
  • the anvil 54 is threadably attached to the shaft 63 and secured by a collar member 65.
  • a damping washer 68, a thrust washer 67, and a retaining ring 66 cooperate to provide an at rest stop function for the shaft/plunger/anvil arrangement 63,62,54.
  • Shim 77 is attached to the plunger 62 to provide a nonmagnetic gap so as to prevent the plunger 62 from sticking to the solenoid body assembly 61 when there is no current flowing in the coil 55.
  • Figures 9 and 10 best show the solenoid body assembly 61.
  • the solenoid body assembly 61 includes the following parts: a first stack 93 of steel laminations; a center block 82, a second stack 81 of steel laminations, a cap screw and nut assembly 84, 85, a first adhesive 88, a second adhesive 90 and a third adhesive 89.
  • the solenoid body assembly 61 is attached to the solenoid coil 55 using the first adhesive 88.
  • the first adhesive 88 is epoxy but may also be RTV silicone.
  • the laminations are preferably steel but may also be made of a suitable magnetic material having a large electrical resistance such as a sintered material which minimizes eddy-currents and power loss caused by eddy-currents.
  • the center block 82 is made of aluminum or some other nonmagnetic material.
  • the center block 82 might be made of magnetic materials such as steel.
  • the center block 82 might not be present. Rather, the solenoid body 61 could include a single stack of laminations machined to receive the shaft plunger/anvil/arrangement 63,62,54.
  • a second adhesive 90 is applied over the entire surface of each lamination to hold the laminations together.
  • the laminations are bonded together with epoxy; for example, by vacuum impregnating with epoxy.
  • epoxy for example, by vacuum impregnating with epoxy.
  • #8821 with C321 reactor sold by Epoxylite of California is another adhesive product which might be used in alternative embodiments of the invention.
  • Another adhesive product which might be used in alternative embodiments of the invention is a cyanoacrylate such as Superbonder #420 made by Loctite of Connecticut.
  • the laminations within each stack may be welded together in at least one place ( Figure 10 illustrates four weld spots 92.)
  • the weld spots 92 facilitate alignment and provide for electrical continuity between all laminations.
  • the center block 82 is then attached to the first stack 93 and the second stack 81 using a third adhesive 89 over the entire contact surface between the center block 82 and laminations.
  • the adhesive 89 is epoxy.
  • the third adhesive 89 is an anaerobic adhesive such as Speedbonder #324 made by Loctite of Connecticut.
  • An alternative method of assembly includes assembling the first stack 93, the center block 82 and the second stack 81 and then simultaneously bonding the assembly, i.e., by exposing the entire assembly to epoxy.
  • a preferred method of assembly is to assemble all of the components shown in Figures 9 and 10 and then simultaneously bonding the total assembly by exposing the entire assembly to epoxy.
  • an electrical ground wire 91 for grounding the solenoid body 61 and coil terminal wires 94a,94b.
  • FIG. 11 Illustrated in Figure 11 is an alternative embodiment of a solenoid structure 100.
  • an antirotation function is provided by edges 102 of a plunger 104 riding in between edges 106 of a laminated stack 108.
  • a suitable bearing material 109 might be present on either the plunger 104 or the laminated stack 108 to prevent the plunger 104 from rubbing against the laminated stack 108.
  • a single return spring 110 is coaxially mounted about a shaft 112 intermediate of the solenoid laminated stack 108 and the plunger 104.
  • a spring receiving recess 110a is provided in the solenoid body 108 so as to allow the plunger 104 to abut against the solenoid body 108. The use of a single spring facilitates a balanced load.
  • This alternative embodiment provides for further precision in control as well as a longer stroke if required.
  • This embodiment facilitates the use of a plunger having a lower mass which results in better control due to the reduction in stored energy. The force versus stroke performance will be more linear adding even more precision to the control.
  • coils 122 are wrapped around leg portions 124a of the solenoid stack 124.
  • the coils can be made shorter than a single coil as shown in Figure 11 and as represented by reference numeral 126.
  • a lamination stack 124 can also be made shorter, thus reducing the magnetic path lengths which will increase efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Dot-Matrix Printers And Others (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Printers Characterized By Their Purpose (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines Schlagdrucksystems mit Druckelementen zum Eindrucken in ausgewähltes Material und mit einem Solenoidmittel (56) zum Treiben der Druckelemente (64a, 64b) in Reaktion auf einen Stromimpuls, wobei die Vorrichtung gekennzeichnet ist durch:
    a) eine Stromimpulsgeneratoreinrichtung (40), die an das Solenoids (56) angeschlossen ist, zum Erzeugen und Übertragen von ersten (4) und zweiten (5) Stromimpulsen an das Solenoids (56), wobei der erste Stromimpuls (4) eine Kontaktdauer und eine Kontaktamplitude aufweist, die zur Betätigung des Solenoidmittels (56) geeignet ist, um die Druckelemente (64a, 64b) in eine Position nahe am ausgewählten Material bringen zu können, und wobei der zweite Stromimpuls (5) eine Schlagdauer und eine Schlagimpulsamplitude besitzt, die zur Betätigung des Solenoids (56) ausreichend sind, um die Druckelemente (64a, 64b) in das Material bis zu einer gewünschten Zeichenhöhe eindrucken zu können;
    b) eine Stromüberwachungseinrichtung (48), die an der Stromimpulsgeneratureinrichtung (40) elektrisch angeschlossen ist, zum Erfassen der Amplitude der ersten (4) und zweiten (5) Stromimpulse und zum Übertragen von ersten (4) und zweiten (5) Stromamplitudenerfassungssignalen, die die Amplitude der ersten und zweiten Stromimpulse entsprechend repräsentieren; und
    c) eine Stromimpulssteuereinrichtung (10), die an die Stromimpulsgeneratoreinrichtung (40) und die Stromüberwachungseinrichtung (48) elektrisch angeschlossen ist, zum Schalten der Stromimpulsgeneratoreinrichtung (40) zwischen einem Impulserzeugungszustand und einem Zustand, in dem kein Impuls erzeugt wird, wobei die Stromimpulssteuereinrichtung (10) ein erstes Signalsteuermittel (Q1) zum Vergleichen des von der Stromüberwachungseinrichtung (48) empfangenen ersten Stromamplitudenerfassungssignals mit einem ersten vorbestimmten Amplitudenwert entsprechend der ersten Kontaktimpulsamplitude und bei Erfassung des ersten vorbestimmten Wertes zum Schalten des Stromimpulsgenerators in den Zustand, in dem kein Puls erzeugt wird, nach einer ersten vorbestimmten Zeitdauer entsprechend der Kontaktimpulsdauer und ein zweites Signalsteuermittel (Q2) zum Vergleich des von der Stromüberwachungseinrichtung (48) empfangenen zweiten Stromamplitudenerfassungssignals mit einem zweiten vorbestimmten Amplitudenwert entsprechend der Eindruckimpulsamplitude und bei Erfassung des zweiten Amplitudenwertes zum Schalten des Stromimpulsgenerators in den Zustand, in dem kein Impuls erzeugt wird, nach einer zweiten vorbestimmten Zeitdauer entsprechend der Eindruckimpulsdauer aufweist.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stromimpulsgeneratoreinrichtung (40) ein erstes Stromimpulsgeneratormittel zum Erzeugen des ersten Stromimpulses und ein zweites Stromimpulsgeneratormittel zum Erzeugen des zweiten Stromimpulses aufweist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stromimpulsgeneratoreinrichtung ein Dreifachzustandsbetriebsmittel (11) zur selektiven Erzeugung eines ersten Stromsignals (13), das in seiner Amplitude über die Zeit steil ansteigt, eines zweiten Stromsignals (14), das in seiner Amplitude über die Zeit allmählich abfällt, oder eines dritten Stromsignals (15), das in seiner Amplitude über die Zeit steil abfällt.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stromimpulsgeneratoreinrichtung ein alternierendes Schaltmittel (18) zur Erzeugung eines Stromsignals aufweist, das in seiner Amplitude über die Zeit im wesentlichen konstant bleibt.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stromimpulsgeneratoreinrichtung außerdem ein Dreifachzustandsbetriebsmittel (11) zur selektiven Erzeugung eines ersten Stromsignals (13), das in seiner Amplitude über die Zeit steil ansteigt, eines zweiten Stromsignals (14), das in seiner Amplitude über die Zeit allmählich abfällt, oder eines dritten Stromsignals (15), das in seiner Amplitude über die Zeit steil abfällt, aufweist und daß das alternierende Schaltmittel (18) zwischen der Erzeugung des ersten Stromsignals und der des zweiten Stromsignals mit einer Frequenz hin- und herwechselt, so daß das Stromsignal in seiner Amplitude über die Zeit im wesentlichen konstant bleibt.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stromimpulsgeneratoreinrichtung (40) aufweist:
    (a) einen oberen Schalter (41), der an die Stromimpulssteuereinrichtung (10) elektrisch angeschlossen ist, zum Empfang von Steuersignalen von der Stromimpulssteuereinrichtung (10), wodurch der obere Schalter (41) ein- oder ausgeschaltet wird, so daß bei eingeschaltetem oberen Schalter (41) dieser in Reihe mit einer Spannungsversorgungseinrichtung (30) und einem oberen Anschluß des Solenoids elektrisch geschaltet ist;
    (b) einen unteren Schalter (42), der an die Stromimpulssteuereinrichtung (10) elektrisch angeschlossen ist, zum Empfang der Steuersignale von der Stromimpulssteuereinrichtung (10), wodurch der untere Schalter (42) ein- oder ausgeschaltet wird, so daß bei eingeschalteten oberen (41) und unteren Schaltern (42) ein Strom von der Spannungsversorgungseinrichtung (30) durch den oberen Schalter (41), das Solenoid (56), den unteren Schalter (42) und die Stromüberwachungseinrichtung (48) fließt;
    (c) eine erste Diode (43), die an das Solenoidmittel (56) und die Spannungsversorgungseinrichtung (30) elektrisch angeschlossen ist, so daß bei eingeschaltetem oberen Schalter (41) und ausgeschaltetem unteren Schalter (42) der Strom von der Spannungsversorgungseinrichtung (30) durch das Solenoids (56), die erste Diode (43) und zurück zur Spannungsversorgungseinrichtung fließt; und
    (d) eine zweite Diode (44), die an Masse, an den oberen Schalter (41) und an das Solenoidmittel (56) elektrisch angeschlossen ist, so daß bei ausgeschalteten oberen (41) und unteren (42) Schaltern ein Stromweg von der zweiten Diode (44) durch das Solenoids (56), die erste Diode (43) und die Spannungsversorgungseinrichtung (30) gebildet wird.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die oberen (41) und unteren (42) Schalter aus oberen und unteren Transistoren entsprechend bestehen, wobei der obere Transistor einen Kollektor, eine Basis und einen Emitter und der untere Transistor einen Kollektor, eine Basis und einen Emitter besitzen, von denen die Basen der oberen und unteren Transistoren an die Steuereinrichtung zum Empfang der Steuersignale von der Steuereinrichtung, der Kollektor des oberen Transistors an die Spannungsversorgungseinrichtung (30), der Emitter des oberen Transistors an den oberen Anschluß des Solenoids (56), der Kollektor des unteren Transistors an den unteren Anschluß des Solenoids und der Emitter des unteren Transistors an die Stromüberwachungseinrichtung (48) elektrisch angeschlossen ist.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stromüberwachungseinrichtung einen Meßwiderstand (49) aufweist, von dem erste und zweite Stromamplitudenmeßsignale abgeleitet werden, um einen Spannungsabfall über den Meßwiderstand (49) zu messen.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stromsteuereinrichtung (10) aufweist:
    (a) ein Hauptsteuermittel (11) zum Abspeichern und Übermitteln einer Amplitudeninformation entsprechend den ersten und zweiten vorbestimmten Amplitudenwerten (I1, I2) und zum Abspeichern und Übermitteln einer Zeitinformation entsprechend den ersten und zweiten vorbestimmten Zeitintervallen (T1, T2);
    (b) ein Schaltsteuermittel (18), das an das Hauptsteuermittel (11) und an die Stromimpulsgeneratoreinrichtung (40) elektrisch angeschlossen ist und die Amplituden- und Zeitinformationen vom Hauptsteuermittel (11) empfängt; und
    (c) ein Amplitudensteuermittel (20), das an der Stromerzeugungseinrichtung (48) zum Empfang der ersten und zweiten Stromamplitudenerfassungssignale und ebenfalls am Schaltsteuermittel (18) elektrisch angeschlossen ist, wobei das Schaltsteuermittel (18) die Amplitudeninformation an das Amplitudensteuermittel (20) zum Vergleich mit den ersten und zweiten Stromamplitudenerfassungssignalen übermittelt und bei Erfassung der ersten (I1) und zweiten (I2) vorbestimmten Amplitudenwerte das Amplitudensteuermittel (20) ein Triggersignal an das Schaltsteuermittel (18) übermittelt und in Reaktion auf das Triggersignal und die Zeitinformation das Schaltsteuermittel (18) Steuersignale (Q1, Q2) in einer geeigneten Zeitsequenz an die Stromgeneratoreinrichtung (40) übermittelt, so daß die Stromgeneratoreinrichtung (40) die ersten und zweiten Stromimpulse (4, 5) erzeugt.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Amplitudensteuermittel (20) außerdem ein Sicherheitsmittel zur Vermeidung einer Stromüberlast in der Stromgeneratoreinrichtung (40) aufweist, so daß, wenn die ersten oder zweiten Stromamplitudenerfassungssignale eine Stromüberlastgrenze erreichen oder überschreiten, das Amplitudensteuermittel (40) ein zweites Triggersignal an das Schaltsteuermittel (18) übermittelt und in Reaktion auf das zweite Triggersignal das Schaltsteuermittel (18) die Stromgeneratoreinrichtung (40) in einen Zustand schaltet, in dem kein Impuls erzeugt wird.
  11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stromimpulssteuereinrichtung (10) außerdem ein Systemfehlermittel zum Abschalten der Stromgeneratoreinrichtung (40) aufweist, wenn diese auf die von der Stromimpulssteuereinrichtung (10) übermittelten Steuersignale nicht reagiert.
  12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stromimpulssteuereinrichtung (10) außerdem ein Spannungsleitungsüberwachungsmittel (17) zur Überwachung der Spannungsversorgungseinrichtung (30) und zur Übermittlung eines Warnsignals an das Hauptsteuermittel (11), wenn die Spannung ungenügend oder abgeschaltet ist, und in Reaktion darauf, daß das Hauptsteuermittel (11) die Stromimpulserzeugungseinrichtung (40) inaktiviert, aufweist.
  13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuereinrichtung (10) ein Verarbeitungsmittel zur Verarbeitung der ersten (4) und zweiten (5) Stromamplitudenerfassungssignale aufweist, um Geschwindigkeits- und Positionsinformationen über die Druckelemente (64a, 64b) zu erhalten.
  14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verarbeitungsmittel aus einem Integrationsmittel zur Integration der ersten (4) und zweiten (5) Stromamplitudenerfassungssignale während einer ersten Zeit, um eine Geschwindigkeitsinformation über die Druckelemente (64a, 64b) zu erhalten, und zur Integration der ersten (4) und zweiten (5) Stromamplitudenerfassungssignale in einer zweiten Zeit, um die Positionsinformation über die Druckelemente (64a, 64b) zu erhalten, besteht.
  15. Verfahren zum Eindrucken in einem Eindrucksystem mit einer stationären Solenoidspule (55) eines Solenoids (56) mit einer Welle (63) und mit Druckelementen (64), die zum Eindrucken in ein ausgewähltes Material verwendet werden, mit den Schritten:
    (a) an die Solenoidspule (55) ein erstes Stromsignal (1) anzulegen, das in seiner Amplitude über die Zeit steil ansteigt, um eine Bewegung der Solenoidwelle (63) auszulösen, um ein Druckelement in die Nähe des einzudruckenden Materials zu bewegen;
    (b) während des Anlegens des ersten Stromsignals (1) die Stromamplitude in der Solenoidspule (55) zu messen, um ein Stromamplitudenerfassungssignal (21) zu erhalten;
    (c) das Stromamplitudenerfassungssignal (21) mit einem ersten vorbestimmten Amplitudenwert zu vergleichen, um zu bestimmten, wann der erste vorbestimmte Amplitudenwert erreicht ist, und das erste Stromsignal (4) bei Erfassung des ersten vorbestimmten Amplitudenwertes nicht länger anzulegen;
    (d) nach Erhalt des ersten vorbestimmten Amplitudenwertes an die Solenoidspule (55) ein zweites Stromsignal (2) anzulegen, das über die Zeit während einer vorbestimmten Dauer allmählich abfällt, um die Welle (63) in die Nähe des Materials zu bewegen; anschließend
    (e) an die Solenoidspule (55) ein ersten Stromsignal (1) anzulegen, das in seiner Amplitude über die Zeit steil ansteigt;
    (f) während des Anlegens des ersten Stromsignals (1) die Stromamplitude in der Solenoidspule zu messen, um ein Stromamplitudenerfassungssignal (21) zu erhalten;
    (g) das Stromamplitudenerfassungssignal (21) mit einem zweiten vorbestimmten Amplitudenwert zu vergleichen, um zu bestimmen, wann der zweite vorbestimmte Amplitudenwert erreicht wird, um eine vorbestimmte Eindruckkraft zu erzeugen;
    (h) nach Erhalt des zweiten vorbestimmten Amplitudenwertes zwischen dem Anlegen des ersten Stromsignals (1) an die Solenoidspule (55) und einem zweiten Stromsignal (2), das in seiner Amplitude über die Zeit allmählich abfällt, an die Solenoidspule mit einer Frequenz hin- und herzuwechseln, so daß eine im wesentlichen konstante Stromamplitude gleich dem zweiten vorbestimmten Amplitudenwert für eine bestimmte Zeitdauer aufrechterhalten wird, um in das Material einzudrucken; und
    (i) anschließend an die Solenoidspule (55) ein drittes Stromsignal (3) anzulegen, das über die Zeit steil abfällt, bis die Stromamplitude im wesentlichen Null ist.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, bei welchem nach dem vierten Schritt (d) ein drittes Stromsignal (3) angelegt wird, das über die Zeit steil abfällt, bis die Stromamplitude im wesentlichen Null ist.
EP90901174A 1988-11-23 1989-11-15 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum antreiben und steuern eines verbesserten solenoidschlagdruckers Expired - Lifetime EP0452358B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US276235 1981-06-22
US27623588A 1988-11-23 1988-11-23
PCT/US1989/005181 WO1990006237A2 (en) 1988-11-23 1989-11-15 Method and apparatus for driving and controlling an improved solenoid impact imprinter

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EP0452358A1 EP0452358A1 (de) 1991-10-23
EP0452358A4 EP0452358A4 (en) 1992-12-02
EP0452358B1 true EP0452358B1 (de) 1996-06-26

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EP (1) EP0452358B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH04503191A (de)
CA (1) CA2003355A1 (de)
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FR2837412A1 (fr) * 2002-03-22 2003-09-26 Technifor Dispositif de marquage en creux par percussions successives
GB2438441A (en) * 2006-03-20 2007-11-28 Markem Tech Ltd Solenoid operated actuator and printing apparatus

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JPS5910315B2 (ja) * 1978-04-06 1984-03-08 株式会社リコー 衝撃型プリンタの印字ハンマ−駆動制御装置
US4293888A (en) * 1979-06-25 1981-10-06 International Business Machines Corporation Print hammer drive circuit with compensation for voltage variation
US4347786A (en) * 1979-10-01 1982-09-07 International Business Machines Corporation Impact printer hammer flight time and velocity sensing means
JPS5675956A (en) * 1979-11-27 1981-06-23 Nippon Denso Co Ltd Injector driving circuit
US4353656A (en) * 1980-10-14 1982-10-12 Xerox Corporation Moving coil, multiple energy print hammer system including a closed loop servo
JPS57109678A (en) * 1980-12-27 1982-07-08 Ricoh Co Ltd Plunger type printing hammer
DE3112280A1 (de) * 1981-03-27 1982-10-07 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Vorrichtung zur spulenerregung fuer die erzeugung pulsfoermiger felder konstanter staerke
GB2103443A (en) * 1981-07-31 1983-02-16 Philips Electronic Associated Solenoid drive circuit
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE68926750T2 (de) 1997-02-20
WO1990006237A3 (en) 1990-07-12
JPH04503191A (ja) 1992-06-11
DE68926750D1 (de) 1996-08-01
CA2003355A1 (en) 1990-05-23
EP0452358A4 (en) 1992-12-02
EP0452358A1 (de) 1991-10-23
WO1990006237A2 (en) 1990-06-14

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