EP0451507B1 - Echangeur de chaleur - Google Patents

Echangeur de chaleur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0451507B1
EP0451507B1 EP91103474A EP91103474A EP0451507B1 EP 0451507 B1 EP0451507 B1 EP 0451507B1 EP 91103474 A EP91103474 A EP 91103474A EP 91103474 A EP91103474 A EP 91103474A EP 0451507 B1 EP0451507 B1 EP 0451507B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sleeves
strip
heat
sleeve
exchanger according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91103474A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0451507A1 (fr
Inventor
Herbert Dr.-Ing. Damsohn
Walter Dipl.-Ing. Wolf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Behr GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Behr GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Behr GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0451507A1 publication Critical patent/EP0451507A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0451507B1 publication Critical patent/EP0451507B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/165—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by using additional preformed parts, e.g. sleeves, gaskets
    • F28F9/167—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by using additional preformed parts, e.g. sleeves, gaskets the parts being inserted in the heat-exchange conduits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger with a plurality of tubes which are held with at least one end in assigned openings in a tube sheet, sleeves being pushed into the tube ends in the region of the tube base and pressed non-positively against the tubes and the openings in the tube sheet.
  • Heat exchangers of this type are known (DE-A-35 45 554).
  • a tube-bottom connection is provided, in which the sleeves inserted into the tube ends press the tube firmly against the opening in the tube base after they have expanded, so that a liquid-tight connection is produced. Since the sleeve is largely inside the tube, no parts of the sleeve protrude beyond the tube-bottom connection.
  • Pipe-to-floor connections of this type require the individual sleeves to be inserted into the pipe ends before they are expanded. This is relatively expensive.
  • Heat exchangers are also known (DE-C-881 199), in which tubes and tubesheets are provided to protect them against seizure by bases or weak acids.
  • the tubes are first rolled into the tube sheets previously provided with a homogeneous lead layer and caulked. Separate lead sockets are inserted at the rolling points and soldered to the lead tubes. The protruding ends are flanged and then soldered to the lead attached to the tube sheets.
  • the lead bushings must therefore be used and processed separately. Since a lead is also provided, such heat exchangers and their manufacture are also complex.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a heat exchanger of the type mentioned in such a way that the insertion of the sleeves is considerably simplified, so that the manufacture of the heat exchanger is also easier.
  • a heat exchanger of the type mentioned that at least part of the Sleeves is arranged on a common sleeve base and each adapted to the position of the openings and the tubes in the tube sheet.
  • This configuration results in an assembly part with which a plurality of sleeves can be brought to the assigned points in a single operation and inserted in a simple manner into the pipe ends.
  • the manufacture of heat exchangers with inserted sleeves which ensure a particularly good tightness of the pipe-floor connection, is considerably simplified.
  • the sleeves can either be pressed against the pipes and the openings in the tube sheet by widening or by axially pressing them in excess (sleeve diameter is slightly larger than the tube diameter).
  • the features of claim 2 have the advantage that a strip can be produced in a particularly simple manner, for example by deep drawing in the desired manner, and can then also be handled particularly easily during assembly.
  • the sleeves - as is known per se - be provided with a circumferential flange extending outward at one end, which facilitates the pressing of the sleeves into the pipe ends and secures the position of the sleeves.
  • these flanges are connected to one another in a common plane through the sleeve base to form the strip.
  • claims 4 and 5 have the essential advantage that despite the arrangement in a common strip-like sleeve bottom, all sleeves are largely individually held so that they can adapt to the associated pipe ends during assembly within the scope of existing tolerances .
  • this embodiment also has the advantage that material from the Flange area of the sleeve can flow to expand the sleeve, which would not be possible or not easily possible if the flange were connected all around to the bottom of the sleeve. Otherwise the bottom of the case would warp.
  • the sleeve base acts as a flow guide surface and thus causes a lower flow resistance of the heat exchanger.
  • the sleeves can be deep-drawn with the assigned strip-shaped sleeve bottom in a simple manner, as previously indicated.
  • the webs for holding the flanges can be punched out or cut. This ensures simple and economical production.
  • the sleeves and sleeve bottom can be made of a metal sheet, but also of plastic.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 schematically show a heat exchanger (1) which, in a manner known per se, has a finned tube block which consists of a plurality of tubes (2) arranged parallel to one another and of fins arranged in a lamella-like manner between these tubes and perpendicular to the tube axes (3) exists.
  • the tube ends shown in FIG. 2 are pressed tightly into a tube sheet (4) which, as shown in FIG. 1, is provided with a large number of openings (5) (see FIG. 3b) into which the tubes ( 2) pushed in with their ends and, as will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3a, 3b and 4a, 4b, are fastened by radial widening.
  • the tube sheet (4) is then provided in a known manner with a water tank (6) through which one of the heat exchange means, preferably a liquid, can be fed to the finned tube block, which in turn is perpendicular to the tube axes and across the spaces between the fins (3). can be flowed through with a second heat exchange medium, preferably air.
  • Heat exchangers of this type are used, for example, as radiators or coolers in motor vehicles.
  • sleeves (7) are inserted into the open ends of the tubes (2) and all of them sleeves inserted into the tube ends of the tubes (2) are part of a sleeve base (8) designed in the form of a strip, with which all sleeves (7) can be handled together and fed to the tube ends.
  • the sleeves (7) are attached to the sleeve bottom (8) so that their relative position to one another is matched to the arrangement of the tubes (2) or the openings (5) in the tube bottom (4).
  • the sleeves (7) can therefore be assigned to the tube sheet (4) and the tubes (2) together, or at least partially together, as will be explained later.
  • Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b show that this is initially done in such a way (Fig. 3b) that the tubes (2) each from one side in the associated and forming the opening (5), designed as passages (9) of the tube sheet (4) are inserted, the tubes (2) also being provided with the loosely pushed-on ribs (3) in a known manner.
  • the sleeve base (8) is fed to the tube sheet (4) in such a way that the sleeves (7) are inserted into the open ends of the tubes (2) with a corresponding amount of play. 14 will be explained that all sleeves (7) are provided with a way to compensate for tolerances.
  • the tube (2) is first expanded with two expanding tools so that the ribs (3) are firmly seated in it.
  • the sleeve (7) is then widened with a second tool so that it is pressed with the tube (2) outwards against the collar (9) of the tube sheet. In this way, the tube sits tightly in the tube sheet.
  • FIG. 4a and 4b show a modification of the manufacturing process insofar as here the insertion process according to FIG. 4b is carried out analogously, as is explained with reference to FIG. 3b.
  • the only difference in production is that the tube plate area with the sleeve (7) is one and the same tool, for example, is expanded with an expansion ball to the same extent as the tube (2) in the area of the ribs (3).
  • the widened inside diameter (d i ) of the sleeve (7) therefore corresponds to the widened tube diameter (d R ).
  • the manufacturing process of a heat exchanger according to the invention can be simplified by using the strip-shaped sleeve base (8), on which many sleeves are arranged accordingly. It is namely not necessary to assign the plurality of sleeves to the corresponding pipe ends either by hand or by means of likewise complex assembly devices. It is also advantageous that the sleeves (7) receive a stop area through the sleeve bottom, which prevents the sleeves from being pushed in too far or from being inserted insufficiently. All sleeves can be inserted in a very simple manner with their flange corresponding to the sleeve base (8). The flange of the sleeves (7) also serves as a stop for the ends of the tubes (2) inserted from the other side.
  • the sleeves (7) can be produced in a very simple manner, for example in a deep-drawing process, from a sheet metal strip unwound from a coil. It is also possible to manufacture the base of the sleeve with the sleeves from plastic by injection molding. This strip must then be subdivided into sleeve base pieces (8 ') according to FIG. 5, the separating cuts (10) each taking place obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the strip (8) in the embodiment of FIG. 5, at an angle which is adapted to the angle is, which results from the arrangement of the sleeves (7) in the strip (8). Dash-dotted lines indicate the connecting line (11) between the axes of two adjacent sleeves (7).
  • the separating cut (10) is made at the same angle to the longitudinal edges of the strip (8).
  • 6 shows a modification of the arrangement of the separating cuts (10) insofar as the separating cuts here (10, 10 ') take place at different angles, so that not, as in Fig. 5 each parallelepiped-shaped strip pieces (8'), but strip pieces (8 '') with mutually identical trapezoidal shape.
  • separating cuts (12 ') are also provided in step form, but here are determined by the arrangement of a recess (13) with which a sleeve from the strip-shaped sleeve bottom (8) is cut out during the separating cut .
  • Such strip shapes (80 '') can be used to manufacture the heat exchanger as needed.
  • 10 and 11 show different separating cuts (14 and 15), which also allow a different strip shape (81 and 81 ') with the same design of the sleeve bottom strip (8). It would also be possible to make the separating cuts in a rounded shape instead of a stepped shape.
  • 12a and 12b are intended to make the meaning and purpose of this different separating cut arrangement clear.
  • 12a and 12b show dash-dotted lines the contour of the water tank (6), the inner wall (6a and 6a ') of which should surround the outermost pipe pairs as closely as possible.
  • the on the left side (Fig. 12a) above the tube sheet (4) arranged sleeve bottom strip part (80 ') - which can be made according to Fig. 7 or also according to Fig. 8 - fits the left edge (6a) of the Water box well on and runs, which is not shown in detail, to the right edge of the water box (6). Its length therefore corresponds to the length of the tube sheet and the water tank.
  • Fig. 12a shows dash-dotted lines the contour of the water tank (6), the inner wall (6a and 6a ') of which should surround the outermost pipe pairs as closely as possible.
  • the sleeve bottom strip (8 ') is separated so that a tube-free separation space can remain in the middle of the water tank, which, for example, which will be explained later, can be used to arrange a partition between two tube bundles.
  • the used on the right half (Fig. 12b), for example, according to Fig. 5 manufactured sleeve bottom strip part (8 ') extends in the example with its lower right edge (16) into the area of the wall (6a') of the water tank (6) .
  • the strip part (8 ') shown is therefore not suitable.
  • Fig. 13 shows a solution, are used in the sleeve bottom strip parts (80 '') in the manufacturing method according to FIG. 9.
  • a partition (25) runs in the water tank (6) in this area, which is indicated by dashed lines.
  • the separating cuts (12 ') run here in such a way that the sleeve bottom strip parts (80' ') adapt to the interior of the water tank and that the recesses (13) formed in this way are used to form the intermediate space for arranging the partition wall (25) .
  • each sleeve (7) with the flange (17) running at one end approximately at right angles to the sleeve axis (18) does not pass directly into the strip-shaped material of the sleeve bottom strip (8). Rather, each flange (17) of a sleeve (7) is connected to the strip part (8) only at three webs (19) which are arranged at equal intervals on the circumference, but is otherwise separated from it by approximately crescent-shaped incisions (20).
  • These incisions (20) in turn are adjacent to the bracket (21) in the embodiment, which as Narrow, flexible connecting bridges are only connected at their ends to the plane of the sleeve bottom strip (8), but are otherwise separated from them by whole narrow crescent-like incisions (22). Two of the brackets (21) therefore open at a common connection point (23) in the plane of the strip-like sleeve base (8).
  • each individual sleeve is largely freely movable on the common strip (8) by this configuration. It can therefore easily adapt to tolerance deviations when inserted into the pipe ends.
  • the individual suspension of the sleeves (7) has the advantage that material can flow out of the area of the flange (17) without that the area of the outer sleeve bottom (8) is affected. Discarding or deforming the connecting parts of the sleeve base (8) between the individual sleeves is thus excluded. A flawless This ensures production with which the necessary tightness of the pipe-floor connection is achieved.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Echangeur de chaleur comportant plusieurs tubes (2), qui sont maintenus par au moins une extrémité dans des ouvertures associées (5), notamment des collets (9) formés dans un fond à tubes (4), et où il est prévu dans une zone du fond à tubes des tubulures (7) qui sont engagées dans les extrémités de tubes et qui sont appliquées par conjugaison de forces contre les tubes et les parois des ouvertures prévues dans le fond à tubes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie des tubulures (7) sont disposées sur un fond à tubulures (8) commun et sont chacune adaptée à la position des ouvertures (5) et des tubes (2) dans le fond à tubes (4) de telle sorte que plusieurs tubulures (7) puissent, lors du montage de l'échangeur de chaleur, être associées d'une manière simple au fond à tubes et aux tubes.
  2. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le fond à tubulures est une partie (8′, 80, 81) d'une bande pourvue des tubulures (7), cette partie ayant été séparée au moyen d'une coupe de séparation (10, 12, 14, 15).
  3. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les tubulures (7) sont fixées avec la bande au moyen de collerettes (17) situées dans le plan de la bande (8).
  4. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que chaque collerette (17) d'une tubulure (7) est reliée par des languettes étroites (19) avec la bande (8) de fond à tubulures, chaque languette (19) étant séparée par des entailles (20) de la bande de fond à tubulures (8) et de la languette adjacente.
  5. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu trois languettes réparties uniformément sur le pourtour de chaque collerette (17).
  6. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les languettes (19) sont chacune reliées avec des étriers (21), qui sont en liaison par leurs deux extrémités et à la façon de pontets, avec la bande de fond à tubulures, en étant cependant séparés de la matière de la bande de fond à tubulures (8) par une entaille (22) en forme de croissant de lune.
  7. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 6, avec des tubulures (7) ayant une section cylindrique, caractérisé en ce que les entailles (20, 22) ainsi que les étriers (21) en forme de pontets comportent au moins un bord profilé en forme d'arc de cercle et qui s'étend sur environ 120°.
  8. Echangeur de chaleur selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les tubulures (7) sont réalisées par emboutissage à partir de la matière de la bande de fond à tubulures (8).
  9. Echangeur de chaleur selon une des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les entailles (20, 22) sont formées par poinçonnage ou par découpage dans la matière de la bande de fond à tubulures (8).
  10. Echangeur de chaleur selon une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la bande de fond à tubulures (8) et les tubulures sont constituées d'un métal ou d'une matière plastique.
EP91103474A 1990-04-13 1991-03-07 Echangeur de chaleur Expired - Lifetime EP0451507B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4012045 1990-04-13
DE4012045A DE4012045A1 (de) 1990-04-13 1990-04-13 Waermetauscher

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0451507A1 EP0451507A1 (fr) 1991-10-16
EP0451507B1 true EP0451507B1 (fr) 1994-06-01

Family

ID=6404394

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91103474A Expired - Lifetime EP0451507B1 (fr) 1990-04-13 1991-03-07 Echangeur de chaleur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0451507B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4012045A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4325427A1 (de) * 1993-07-29 1995-02-02 Behr Gmbh & Co Wärmetauscher, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeugkühler
DE102005032118A1 (de) * 2005-07-07 2007-01-11 Ruhr Oel Gmbh Rohrbündelwärmeübertrager mit verschleißbeständiger Rohrbodenauskleidung
DE102009030824A1 (de) 2009-06-26 2010-12-30 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere Kühlmittelkühler für Kraftfahrzeuge sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung des Wärmeübertragers
DE102009057175A1 (de) 2009-12-05 2011-06-09 Volkswagen Ag Wärmetauscher
DE102015102245B4 (de) * 2015-02-17 2022-03-31 Wallstein Ingenieur Gmbh Verbindung zwischen einem Rohr und einem Rohrboden eines Wärmetauschers sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Verbindung

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7302164U (de) * 1973-05-10 Behr J Sueddeutsche Kuehlerfabrik Elastisches Dichtungselement für eine Wand durchdringende Rohre
DE881199C (de) * 1939-07-28 1953-06-29 Otto & Co Gmbh Dr C Fertigungsverfahren fuer innenverbleite Fluessigkeitsvorwaermer
AT287030B (de) * 1966-06-27 1971-01-11 Waagner Biro Ag Einrichtung zur Verhinderung der Überhitzung der Einlaufstellen der Rohre bzw. der Rohrplatten von Rohrwärmetauschern
FR2237160A1 (en) * 1973-07-13 1975-02-07 Chausson Usines Sa Multi tubular finned radiator for vehicle engine coolant - comprising metal tube between plastic reservoir manifolds of matched thermal expansion
US4465129A (en) * 1982-04-19 1984-08-14 Blackstone Corporation Heat exchanger core assembly construction and methods of making the same
DE3545554A1 (de) * 1985-12-21 1987-07-02 Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr Rohr-boden-verbindung, insbesondere fuer waermetauscher
FR2610099B1 (fr) * 1987-01-28 1990-09-07 Lelant Jean Claude Plaque tubulaire d'echangeur de generateur thermique
DE3724675A1 (de) * 1987-07-25 1989-02-02 Heraeus Elektroden Waermeuebertrager

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0451507A1 (fr) 1991-10-16
DE59101753D1 (de) 1994-07-07
DE4012045A1 (de) 1991-10-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE60011616T2 (de) Wärmetauscher mit mehrkanalrohren
EP1281923B1 (fr) Tube plat pour échangeur de chaleur et procédé de fabrication
EP0632245B1 (fr) Echangeur de chaleur eau-air en aluminium pour véhicules automobiles
EP1036296B1 (fr) Tube plat avec une partie coudee en u, decalee transversalement, et echangeur de chaleur con u a partir de ce dernier
DE4340378C2 (de) Wärmeaustauscher und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben
DE10056074B4 (de) Wärmeübertrager
DE69814904T2 (de) Rippe für einstückigen wärmetauscher und verfahren zu deren herstellung
EP0672882A1 (fr) Ailette pour échangeur de chaleur
EP0374896A2 (fr) Condenseur à tube aplati, procédé de fabrication et applications
DE2905402C2 (de) Rohrschlange für einen Wärmetauscher und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
EP0387678A1 (fr) Echangeur de chaleur et procédé pour la fixation étanche des éléments d'échange dans une plaque d'extrémité
EP0566899B1 (fr) Echangeur de chaleur, notamment évaporateur
DE3049168A1 (de) Waermetauscher mit flachrohren und verfahren zum herstellen desselben
DE2951352C2 (de) Flachrohr-Wärmetauscher
DE102006002932B4 (de) Wärmetauscher und Herstellungsverfahren für Wärmetauscher
DE3834822A1 (de) Waermetauscher
EP0576963B1 (fr) Récupérateur de chaleur pour montage dans l'enveloppe d'une chaudière
EP0451507B1 (fr) Echangeur de chaleur
EP0253167B1 (fr) Echangeur de chaleur, en particulier évaporateur pour réfrigérant
EP0225533B1 (fr) Echangeur de chaleur plan
EP2167895B1 (fr) Échangeur de chaleur
EP1492991B1 (fr) Echangeur de chaleur soude
DE19746371A1 (de) Wärmetauscher mit einem Sammelkasten mit zwei aneinander angrenzenden Kammern
DE3904250C2 (de) Flachrohr für Wärmeaustauscher
DE2143886A1 (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen von Elementen für statische Kondensatoren und plattenförmiges Kondensatorelement

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19920131

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19930217

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRE;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.SCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19940601

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19940601

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19940601

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59101753

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19940707

ET Fr: translation filed
GBV Gb: ep patent (uk) treated as always having been void in accordance with gb section 77(7)/1977 [no translation filed]

Effective date: 19940601

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19970305

Year of fee payment: 7

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19970313

Year of fee payment: 7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19980331

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19981201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST