EP0451046B1 - Pulp dispersion lance - Google Patents

Pulp dispersion lance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0451046B1
EP0451046B1 EP91400891A EP91400891A EP0451046B1 EP 0451046 B1 EP0451046 B1 EP 0451046B1 EP 91400891 A EP91400891 A EP 91400891A EP 91400891 A EP91400891 A EP 91400891A EP 0451046 B1 EP0451046 B1 EP 0451046B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
orifices
tube
pulp
lance
rotation
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EP91400891A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0451046A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Duez
Jean-Claude Semedard
Jean-Xavier Morin
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Stein Industrie SA
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Stein Industrie SA
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/22Fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0458Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber the gas and liquid flows being perpendicular just upstream the mixing chamber
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/06Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane
    • B05B7/062Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet
    • B05B7/066Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet with an inner liquid outlet surrounded by at least one annular gas outlet
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/10Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge producing a swirling discharge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for projecting and dispersing a pulp by means of a working gas.
  • This device is called here "lance” because it typically has, although not necessarily, an elongated shape.
  • a liquid or pasty product obtained by the mixture of solid and liquid products, more optionally additives intended to reduce the viscosity, is defined by pulp, and such that its setting in motion is possible using pumps. It can be in particular a powder of coal added with water and projected by the lance in a boiler in order to be burned there.
  • pulp lances are also known injecting air at their ends through an annular duct. This air is intended to penetrate and disperse the pulp stream. These lances are not suitable for high viscosities, the air does not penetrate sufficiently into the pulp and a poorly dispersed pulp jet is obtained.
  • the present invention aims in particular to allow a more efficient dispersion of the pulp even in the case where the content of the pulp in liquid is relatively low.
  • a lance which comprises the common elements previously mentioned, cf. preamble of claim 1 appended, and which is characterized by the fact that it comprises two series of dispersion orifices which are a series of disintegration made up of disintegration orifices pierced at a distance from the outlet of the lance so that the gas motor forms disintegration jets towards the axis of the lance, and a series of rotation formed, downstream of said series of disintegration, by rotation orifices introducing oblique jets of said motor gas to drive the pulp in rotation, the series of rotational orifices being separated from the end by an axial distance between 60% and 200% of the internal radius of the central tube, sufficient distance for the working gas to mix at least partially with the pulp before it leaves by driving it in rotation, and at the same time small enough that this pulp retains, until it leaves the central tube, a large fraction of the e rotational energy thus acquired.
  • Figure 1 shows an overall elevational view of a lance according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 represents a view in axial section of the nose constituted by an extreme upstream section of this lance.
  • Figure 3 shows an end view of this lance.
  • Figures 4, 5 and 6 show cross-sectional views of this lance along planes IV-IV, V-V and VI-VI of Figure 2.
  • dispersion orifices are rotation orifices 4. They are distributed circumferentially and have, respectively, lengths sufficient to form, from the working gas, rotation jets directed and centered on axes of these holes. These axes are oblique. More precisely, they have, with respect to the radial directions of the lance, and in transverse planes of the lance, components of inclination sufficient for a circumferential component of the speed of the rotation jets to cause the pulp to rotate rapidly. in the central tube.
  • this central tube is located from the end of this central tube at a distance sufficient for this motive gas to mix at least partially with this pulp before it leaves, causing it to rotate, this distance being at the same time sufficiently short time for this pulp to retain, until it leaves this central tube, a large fraction of the rotational energy thus acquired. It then presents a rapid rotation which expands the jet of pulp in it giving a conical shape. More particularly, this distance is between 60% and 200% of the radius of the central tube 1, and preferably between 75% and 150% of this radius. More particularly still, it is advantageously substantially equal to this radius.
  • a central cylindrical tube 1 having an internal radius of 32.5 mm and a thickness of 5 mm, and a concentric annular conduit 2 which is closed on the end of the tube 1, completely or with a slight game, and which forms by a sleeve 2A fixed on the tube 1.
  • the pulp circulates in the central tube 1 under a pressure of 5000 Pascals supplied by a pump 12 which constitutes said means for supplying pulp.
  • the engine gas circulates in the annular conduit 2. It is constituted by air which is compressed by a compressor 14 which supplies a pressure of 30,000 Pascals and which constitutes said gas supply means. It is injected into the pulp at the end of the lance through three series of calibrated orifices, 3, 4 and 5 opening into the central tube. Each of these series is formed of orifices distributed circumferentially in a transverse plane.
  • a series of orifices 3 constitutes the disintegration orifices. It is intended to inject the engine gas inside the pulp column so as to disintegrate it.
  • the axes of these orifices are preferably at least radial or oriented so as to penetrate the interior of a fictitious cylinder concentric with the pulp duct, and with a radius less than or equal to 1/3 of that of the central tube.
  • These orifices have, for example, a diameter of 6.5 mm and are 5 in number.
  • Another series of orifices 4 constitutes the rotational orifices. It is intended to inject the engine gas tangentially to the pulp flow. The gas then gives the pulp a high speed of rotation and creates a film of pulp on the inner surface of the central tube 1. This film of pulp will burst and flourish in the form of a cone leaving the outlet 1B of spear.
  • the axes 4B of these orifices are tangent to a fictitious circle 4A with a radius between 3/4 and 1/6 of the radius of the central tube 1.
  • These orifices have, for example, a diameter of 6.5 mm and are 10 in number.
  • a series of peeling orifices 5 is added in order to create a thin sheath of gas around the pulp to facilitate its flow.
  • These orifices are arranged upstream of the disaggregation and rotation series. They have for example a diameter of 3 mm and are 6 in number.
  • a clearance 6 is maintained between the end of the sleeve 2A and the central tube 1. This clearance is between 0.01 times and 0.1 times the inside radius of the central tube.
  • the gas jet passing through this set is intended to project any pulp drops away. This play is only maintained in the lower part of the lance when the latter is in a horizontal position or close to the horizontal and then extends over an arc whose angle in the center is at least 60 degrees.
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for injecting carbon pulp or carbonaceous material into furnaces of a fluidized bed boiler because, thanks to the speed of rotation imparted to the pulp by the working gas, it develops a jet with a dispersion important and allows a good distribution of the pulp in the hearth of the boiler.
  • This lance is then executed either in refractory steel or in ceramic to limit wear due to temperature and abrasion by solid particles of the pulp.
  • the lance given in example was intended for an injection of pulp in a fluidized bed boiler under atmospheric pressure, the invention also applies to an injection in pressurized enclosures and in particular, in fluidized beds or pressurized gasifiers.
  • the total pulp flow rate is for example 20 m3 / h and the air flow rate of 700 m3 / h.
  • the pulp has for example a viscosity such that, in a 100 mm diameter pipe, the pressure drop at a flow rate of 10 m3 / h, is between 100 to 100,000 Pascals.
  • viscosities are very different from those of certain fuels known in the art which are not pulps and which are called “coal water slurry fuel” that is to say “fuel based on coal slurry -eau “or” Coal Water Mixture “(CWM) that is to say” coal-water mixture ".
  • the viscosity of these known fuels is such that, in a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm, the pressure drop at a flow rate of 10 m3 / h is typically 20 Pascals and in all cases less than 70 Pascals.
  • a known lance adapted to the dispersion of such a fuel is described in the document JP-A-61-83817 cited above, Patent Abstracts of Japan vol. 10, no.257 (Babcock Hitachi K.K.). It comprises a particle separation chamber according to their diameters in which an emulsion formed by this fuel and water vapor is driven in rotation by holes tangentially injecting water vapor.
  • the fuel thus emulsified and separated passes through an axial outlet orifice 25 and peripheral orifices 24 whose diameter would be too small if it were a question of dispersing a carbon pulp.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif destiné à projeter et à disperser une pulpe au moyen d'un gaz moteur. Ce dispositif est appelé ici "lance" parce qu'il présente typiquement, quoique non nécessairement, une forme allongée.The present invention relates to a device for projecting and dispersing a pulp by means of a working gas. This device is called here "lance" because it typically has, although not necessarily, an elongated shape.

On définit par pulpe un produit liquide ou pâteux obtenu par le mélange de produits solides et liquides, plus éventuellement d'additifs destinés à diminuer la viscosité, et tel que sa mise en mouvement est possible à l'aide de pompes. Ce peut être notamment une poudre de charbon additionnée d'eau et projetée par la lance dans une chaudière afin d'y être brûlée.A liquid or pasty product obtained by the mixture of solid and liquid products, more optionally additives intended to reduce the viscosity, is defined by pulp, and such that its setting in motion is possible using pumps. It can be in particular a powder of coal added with water and projected by the lance in a boiler in order to be burned there.

La caractéristique d'une pulpe est qu'il s'agit d'un produit souvent très visqueux ou pâteux et le plus souvent très abrasif, qui se manipule avec difficultés à l'aide de pompes généralement du genre pompes à béton, et qui ne peut être pulvérisé, de ce fait, avec les mêmes méthodes que celles utilisées pour des fluides moins visqueux tels que l'eau ou le fioul par exemple. En particulier, la vitesse avec laquelle la pulpe est véhiculée est généralement comprise entre 0,1 et 2 m/sec.
Une première lance de projection de pulpe connue, décrite dans le document US-A-3 840 181, comporte les éléments suivants qui lui sont communs avec une lance selon la présente invention :

  • un tube central s'étendant longitudinalement sans diminution de section selon un axe de lance pour transporter une pulpe d'une entrée de pulpe formée d'un côté amont de ce tube à une sortie de lance formée à une extrémité de ce tube,
  • un moyen d'alimentation en pulpe pour alimenter cette entrée de pulpe,
  • un conduit de gaz,
  • un moyen d'alimentation en gaz pour introduire un gaz moteur sous pression dans la partie amont de ce conduit de gaz,
  • et des orifices de dispersion traversant la paroi du tube central pour introduire le gaz moteur dans ce tube à partir du conduit de gaz de manière à disperser et à accélérer la pulpe afin que celle-ci forme un jet en sortie de ce tube. Dans cette première lance connue les jets gazeux sont radiaux. Dans une deuxième lance de projection connue, selon le document JP-A-61-83817, les jets gazeux font un angle aigu avec l'axe de la lance. Dans les deux cas, ces jets désagrègent la colonne de pulpe et lui impriment une forte vitesse axiale. Ils créent ainsi un jet long et concentré. Les résultats obtenus avec de telles lances se dégradent très vite dès que l'on diminue la teneur en eau et que la pulpe devient très visqueuse.
The characteristic of a pulp is that it is often a very viscous or pasty product and most often very abrasive, which is handled with difficulty using pumps generally of the concrete pump type, and which does not can therefore be sprayed with the same methods as those used for less viscous fluids such as water or fuel oil for example. In particular, the speed with which the pulp is conveyed is generally between 0.1 and 2 m / sec.
A first known pulp spray lance, described in document US-A-3,840,181, comprises the following elements which are common to it with a lance according to the present invention:
  • a central tube extending longitudinally without reduction in section along a lance axis for transporting a pulp from a pulp inlet formed on an upstream side of this tube to a lance outlet formed at one end of this tube,
  • a pulp supply means for supplying this pulp inlet,
  • a gas pipe,
  • a gas supply means for introducing a pressurized working gas into the upstream part of this gas pipe,
  • and dispersion orifices passing through the wall of the central tube to introduce the working gas into this tube from the gas conduit so as to disperse and accelerate the pulp so that the latter forms a jet at the outlet of this tube. In this first known lance the gas jets are radial. In a second known projection lance, according to document JP-A-61-83817, the gas jets form an acute angle with the axis of the lance. In both cases, these jets disintegrate the pulp column and give it a strong axial speed. They thus create a long and concentrated spray. The results obtained with such lances degrade very quickly as soon as the water content is reduced and the pulp becomes very viscous.

On connaît également d'autres lances à pulpe injectant à leur extrémité de l'air par un conduit annulaire. Cet air est destiné à pénétrer dans le jet de pulpe et à le disperser. Ces lances ne sont pas adaptées aux fortes viscosités, l'air ne pénétrant pas suffisamment dans la pulpe et on obtient un jet de pulpe mal dispersé.Other pulp lances are also known injecting air at their ends through an annular duct. This air is intended to penetrate and disperse the pulp stream. These lances are not suitable for high viscosities, the air does not penetrate sufficiently into the pulp and a poorly dispersed pulp jet is obtained.

La présente invention a notamment pour but de permettre une dispersion plus efficace de la pulpe même dans le cas où la teneur de la pulpe en liquide est relativement faible.The present invention aims in particular to allow a more efficient dispersion of the pulp even in the case where the content of the pulp in liquid is relatively low.

Et, dans ce but, elle a notamment pour objet une lance qui comporte les éléments communs précédemment mentionnés, cf. préambule de la revendication 1 annexée, et qui est caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comporte deux séries d'orifices de dispersion qui sont une série de désagrégation constituée d'orifices de désagrégation percés à distance de la sortie de la lance pour que le gaz moteur forme des jets de désagrégation vers l'axe de la lance, et une série de mise en rotation formée, en aval de ladite série de désagrégation, par des orifices de mise en rotation introduisant des jets obliques dudit gaz moteur pour entraîner la pulpe en rotation, la série d'orifices de mise en rotation étant séparée de l'extrémité par une distance axiale comprise entre 60 % et 200 % du rayon interne du tube central, distance suffisante pour que le gaz moteur se mélange au moins partiellement à la pulpe avant la sortie de celle-ci en l'entraînant en rotation, et en même temps suffisamment petite pour que cette pulpe conserve, jusqu'à sa sortie du tube central, une fraction importante de l'énergie de rotation ainsi acquise.And, for this purpose, it has in particular for object a lance which comprises the common elements previously mentioned, cf. preamble of claim 1 appended, and which is characterized by the fact that it comprises two series of dispersion orifices which are a series of disintegration made up of disintegration orifices pierced at a distance from the outlet of the lance so that the gas motor forms disintegration jets towards the axis of the lance, and a series of rotation formed, downstream of said series of disintegration, by rotation orifices introducing oblique jets of said motor gas to drive the pulp in rotation, the series of rotational orifices being separated from the end by an axial distance between 60% and 200% of the internal radius of the central tube, sufficient distance for the working gas to mix at least partially with the pulp before it leaves by driving it in rotation, and at the same time small enough that this pulp retains, until it leaves the central tube, a large fraction of the e rotational energy thus acquired.

A l'aide des figures schématiques ci-jointes, on va décrire ci-après comment la présente invention peut être mise en oeuvre, étant entendu que les éléments et dispositions mentionnés et représentés ne le sont qu'à titre d'exemples non limitatifs. Lorsqu'un même élément est représenté sur plusieurs figures il y est désigné par le même signe de référence.Using the attached schematic figures, we will describe below how the present invention can be implemented, it being understood that the elements and arrangements mentioned and represented are only by way of nonlimiting examples. When the same element is represented in several figures, it is designated by the same reference sign.

La figure 1 représente une vue d'ensemble en élévation d'une lance selon la présente invention.Figure 1 shows an overall elevational view of a lance according to the present invention.

La figure 2 représente une vue en coupe axiale du nez constitué par un tronçon extrême amont de cette lance.FIG. 2 represents a view in axial section of the nose constituted by an extreme upstream section of this lance.

La figure 3 représente une vue en bout de cette lance.Figure 3 shows an end view of this lance.

Les figures 4, 5 et 6 représentent des vues en coupe transversale de cette lance selon des plans IV-IV, V-V et VI-VI de la figure 2.Figures 4, 5 and 6 show cross-sectional views of this lance along planes IV-IV, V-V and VI-VI of Figure 2.

On va tout d'abord décrire de manière générale, en se référant à ces figures, diverses dispositions qui sont adoptées dans la lance donnée en exemple mais qui pourraient être réalisées de manières différentes.We will first of all describe in general, with reference to these figures, various arrangements which are adopted in the lance given as an example but which could be carried out in different ways.

Certaines de ces dispositions sont connues. Selon ces dispositions connues la lance comporte les éléments suivants :

  • Un tube central 1. Un axe de ce tube constitue un axe de lance 1C. Il définit une direction longitudinale. Des directions transversales, radiales et circonférentielles peuvent être définies en tout point par rapport à cet axe. La fonction de ce tube est de transporter une pulpe d'une entrée de pulpe 1A formée d'un côté amont de ce tube à une sortie de lance 1B formée à l'extrémité de ce tube. Sa section ne présente aucune diminution sur la longueur de la lance pour ne présenter aucun obstacle à la progression de la pulpe. Elle est par exemple constante.
  • Un moyen d'alimentation en pulpe 12 pour alimenter cette entrée de pulpe.
  • Un manchon 2A entourant le tube central 1 et formant un conduit annulaire autour de ce tube.
  • Un moyen d'alimentation en gaz 14 pour introduire un gaz moteur sous pression dans une partie amont de ce conduit annulaire.
  • Des orifices de dispersion 3, 4 sont répartis circonférentiellement et traversent la paroi du tube central 1. Ils introduisent le gaz moteur dans ce tube à partir du conduit annulaire de manière à disperser et à accélérer la pulpe afin que celle-ci forme un jet en sortie de ce tube.
Some of these provisions are known. According to these known arrangements, the lance comprises the following elements:
  • A central tube 1. An axis of this tube constitutes a lance axis 1C. It defines a longitudinal direction. Transversal directions, radial and circumferential can be defined at any point in relation to this axis. The function of this tube is to transport a pulp from a pulp inlet 1A formed on an upstream side of this tube to a lance outlet 1B formed at the end of this tube. Its section has no decrease in the length of the lance to present no obstacle to the progression of the pulp. It is for example constant.
  • A pulp supply means 12 for supplying this pulp inlet.
  • A sleeve 2A surrounding the central tube 1 and forming an annular conduit around this tube.
  • A gas supply means 14 for introducing a pressurized working gas into an upstream part of this annular duct.
  • Dispersion orifices 3, 4 are distributed circumferentially and pass through the wall of the central tube 1. They introduce the working gas into this tube from the annular duct so as to disperse and accelerate the pulp so that it forms a jet in exit from this tube.

D'autres dispositions sont nouvelles. Certaines de ces dispositions nouvelles visent surtout à améliorer la dispersion de la pulpe en sortie de la lance. Ce sont les suivantes :
- Certains au moins des orifices de dispersion sont des orifices de mise en rotation 4. Ils sont répartis circonférentiellement et présentent, respectivement, des longueurs suffisantes pour former, à partir du gaz moteur, des jets de mise en rotation dirigés et centrés sur des axes de ces orifices. Ces axes sont obliques. Plus précisément ils présentent, par rapport aux directions radiales de la lance, et dans des plans transversaux de la lance, des composantes d'inclinaison suffisantes pour qu'une composante circonférentielle de la vitesse des jets de mise en rotation entraîne la pulpe en rotation rapide dans le tube central. Ces orifices sont situés à partir de l'extrémité de ce tube central à une distance suffisante pour que ce gaz moteur se mélange au moins partiellement à cette pulpe avant la sortie de celle-ci en l'entrainant en rotation, cette distance étant en même temps suffisamment petite pour que cette pulpe conserve, jusqu'à sa sortie de ce tube central, une fraction importante de l'énergie de rotation ainsi acquise. Elle présente alors une rotation rapide qui épanouit le jet de pulpe en lui donnant une forme conique. Plus particulièrement cette distance est comprise entre 60 % et 200 % du rayon du tube central 1, et de préférence entre 75 % et 150 % de ce rayon. Plus particulièrement encore elle est avantageusement sensiblement égale à ce rayon.
Other provisions are new. Some of these new provisions aim above all to improve the dispersion of the pulp at the outlet of the lance. These are:
- At least some of the dispersion orifices are rotation orifices 4. They are distributed circumferentially and have, respectively, lengths sufficient to form, from the working gas, rotation jets directed and centered on axes of these holes. These axes are oblique. More precisely, they have, with respect to the radial directions of the lance, and in transverse planes of the lance, components of inclination sufficient for a circumferential component of the speed of the rotation jets to cause the pulp to rotate rapidly. in the central tube. These orifices are located from the end of this central tube at a distance sufficient for this motive gas to mix at least partially with this pulp before it leaves, causing it to rotate, this distance being at the same time sufficiently short time for this pulp to retain, until it leaves this central tube, a large fraction of the rotational energy thus acquired. It then presents a rapid rotation which expands the jet of pulp in it giving a conical shape. More particularly, this distance is between 60% and 200% of the radius of the central tube 1, and preferably between 75% and 150% of this radius. More particularly still, it is advantageously substantially equal to this radius.

La lance comporte deux séries d'orifices de dispersion. L'une est une série de désagrégation constituée d'orifices de désagrégation 3 percés à distance de la sortie de lance 1B pour que le gaz moteur forme des jets de désagrégation vers l'axe de lance 1C. L'autre est une série de mise en rotation formée en aval de la série de désagrégation et constituée par les orifices de mise en rotation 4.

  • Les axes 4B des orifices 4 passent au moins deux fois plus loin de l'axe de lance 1C que les axes 3A des orifices de désagrégation 3.
  • Ils sont tangents à un cylindre 4A qui est coaxial au tube central 1 et qui présente un rayon compris entre 16 % et 75 % d'un rayon interne de ce tube.
  • La série de désagrégation 3 est séparée de la série de mise en rotation 4 par une distance axiale comprise entre 20 % et 400 % du rayon interne du tube central 1.
  • Le rapport des débits massiques du gaz moteur et de la pulpe à disperser est compris entre 0,005 (cinq millièmes) et 0,4 (quatre dizièmes).
The lance has two series of dispersion orifices. One is a series of disintegration consisting of disintegration orifices 3 drilled at a distance from the lance outlet 1B so that the engine gas forms disintegration jets towards the lance axis 1C. The other is a rotation series formed downstream of the disaggregation series and constituted by the rotation orifices 4.
  • The axes 4B of the orifices 4 pass at least twice as far from the lance axis 1C as the axes 3A of the disintegration orifices 3.
  • They are tangent to a cylinder 4A which is coaxial with the central tube 1 and which has a radius between 16% and 75% of an internal radius of this tube.
  • The disaggregation series 3 is separated from the rotation series 4 by an axial distance of between 20% and 400% of the internal radius of the central tube 1.
  • The ratio of the mass flow rates of the engine gas and of the pulp to be dispersed is between 0.005 (five thousandths) and 0.4 (four tenths).

D'autres dispositions nouvelles visent surtout à limiter la perte de charge dans le tube central. Ce sont les suivantes :

  • La lance comporte une série d'orifices de décollement 5 traversant la paroi du tube central 1 en amont des orifices de dispersion 3, 4. Ces orifices de décollement permettent à un débit limité de gaz moteur de pénétrer dans ce tube à partir du conduit annulaire 2 et d'y former une gaine gazeuse contre la surface interne de ce tube. Cette gaine gazeuse entoure la pulpe jusqu'aux orifices de dispersion ou, plus particulièrement, jusqu'aux orifices de désagrégation 3. Elle facilite l'écoulement du flux de pulpe dans ce tronçon de la lance.
  • Pour cela la distance axiale des orifices de décollement 5 aux orifices de dispersion 3 est comprise entre 20 % et 400 % du rayon interne du tube central 1.
  • La section de passage globale présentée au gaz moteur par les orifices de décollement 5 est inférieure à 40 % et de préférence à 10 % de celle présentée par les orifices de dispersion 3 et 4.
  • Les orifices de décollement 5 présentent, respectivement, des longueurs suffisantes pour former, à partir du gaz moteur, des jets de décollement dirigés et centrés selon des axes 5A de ces orifices. Ces axes sont obliques et présentent, par rapport aux directions radiales de la lance, des inclinaisons suffisantes pour que les jets de décollement ne pénètrent que modérément dans la colonne de pulpe qui s'écoule dans le tube central 1.
  • Ils sont tangents à un cylindre 5B qui est coaxial au tube central 1 et qui présente un rayon au moins égal à 70 % d'un rayon interne de ce tube.
Other new provisions aim above all to limit the pressure drop in the central tube. These are:
  • The lance has a series of detachment orifices 5 passing through the wall of the central tube 1 upstream of the dispersion orifices 3, 4. These detachment orifices allow a limited flow of engine gas to enter this tube from the annular duct 2 and to form a gas sheath against the internal surface of this tube. This gaseous sheath surrounds the pulp up to the dispersion orifices, or more particularly up to the disintegration orifices 3. It facilitates the flow of the pulp flow in this section of the lance.
  • For this, the axial distance from the detachment orifices 5 to the dispersion orifices 3 is between 20% and 400% of the internal radius of the central tube 1.
  • The overall passage section presented to the engine gas by the orifices detachment 5 is less than 40% and preferably 10% of that presented by the dispersion orifices 3 and 4.
  • The detachment orifices 5 have, respectively, sufficient lengths to form, from the working gas, detachment jets directed and centered along axes 5A of these orifices. These axes are oblique and have, relative to the radial directions of the lance, sufficient inclinations so that the detachment jets only penetrate moderately into the pulp column which flows into the central tube 1.
  • They are tangent to a cylinder 5B which is coaxial with the central tube 1 and which has a radius at least equal to 70% of an internal radius of this tube.

L'efficacité de ces dispositions tient au fait que les jets de désagrégation tendent à gêner plus particulièrement la progression de la pulpe dans le tronçon du tube central situé en amont. La présence d'une gaine gazeuse dans ce tronçon empêche cette gêne.The effectiveness of these arrangements is due to the fact that the disintegration jets tend to hinder more particularly the progression of the pulp in the section of the central tube situated upstream. The presence of a gaseous sheath in this section prevents this discomfort.

On va maintenant décrire plus particulièrement la lance donnée en exemple.We will now describe more particularly the lance given as an example.

Elle est constituée d'un tube central cylindrique 1 ayant un rayon interne de 32,5 mm et une épaisseur de 5 mm, et d'un conduit annulaire concentrique 2 qui est fermé sur l'extrémité du tube 1, complètement ou avec un faible jeu, et qui forme par un manchon 2A fixé sur le tube 1.It consists of a central cylindrical tube 1 having an internal radius of 32.5 mm and a thickness of 5 mm, and a concentric annular conduit 2 which is closed on the end of the tube 1, completely or with a slight game, and which forms by a sleeve 2A fixed on the tube 1.

La pulpe circule dans le tube central 1 sous une pression de 5000 Pascals fournie par une pompe 12 qui constitue ledit moyen d'alimentation en pulpe. Le gaz moteur circule dans le conduit annulaire 2. Il est constitué par de l'air qui est comprimé par un compresseur 14 qui fournit une pression de 30 000 Pascals et qui constitue ledit moyen d'alimentation en gaz. Il est injecté dans la pulpe à l'extrémité de la lance par trois séries d'orifices calibrés, 3, 4 et 5 débouchant dans le tube central. Chacune de ces séries est formée d'orifices répartis circonférentiellement dans un plan transversal.The pulp circulates in the central tube 1 under a pressure of 5000 Pascals supplied by a pump 12 which constitutes said means for supplying pulp. The engine gas circulates in the annular conduit 2. It is constituted by air which is compressed by a compressor 14 which supplies a pressure of 30,000 Pascals and which constitutes said gas supply means. It is injected into the pulp at the end of the lance through three series of calibrated orifices, 3, 4 and 5 opening into the central tube. Each of these series is formed of orifices distributed circumferentially in a transverse plane.

Une série d'orifices 3 constitue les orifices de désagrégation. Elle est destinée à injecter le gaz moteur à l'intérieur de la colonne de pulpe de façon à la désagréger. Les axes de ces orifices sont de préférence radiaux tout au moins ou orientés de façon à pénétrer à l'intérieur d'un cylindre fictif concentrique au conduit de pulpe, et de rayon inférieur ou égal au 1/3 de celui du tube central. Ces orifices ont par exemple un diamètre de 6,5 mm et sont au nombre de 5.A series of orifices 3 constitutes the disintegration orifices. It is intended to inject the engine gas inside the pulp column so as to disintegrate it. The axes of these orifices are preferably at least radial or oriented so as to penetrate the interior of a fictitious cylinder concentric with the pulp duct, and with a radius less than or equal to 1/3 of that of the central tube. These orifices have, for example, a diameter of 6.5 mm and are 5 in number.

Une autre série d'orifices 4 constitue les orifices de mise en rotation. Elle est destinée à injecter le gaz moteur tangentiellement au flux de pulpe. Le gaz imprime alors à la pulpe une vitesse de rotation élevée et crée un film de pulpe sur la surface intérieure du tube central 1. Ce film de pulpe va éclater et s'épanouir en forme de cône en quittant l'orifice de sortie 1B de la lance. Les axes 4B de ces orifices sont tangents à un cercle fictif 4A de rayon compris entre 3/4 et 1/6 du rayon du tube central 1. Ces orifices ont par exemple un diamètre de 6,5 mm et sont au nombre de 10.Another series of orifices 4 constitutes the rotational orifices. It is intended to inject the engine gas tangentially to the pulp flow. The gas then gives the pulp a high speed of rotation and creates a film of pulp on the inner surface of the central tube 1. This film of pulp will burst and flourish in the form of a cone leaving the outlet 1B of spear. The axes 4B of these orifices are tangent to a fictitious circle 4A with a radius between 3/4 and 1/6 of the radius of the central tube 1. These orifices have, for example, a diameter of 6.5 mm and are 10 in number.

Une série d'orifices de décollement 5 est rajoutée afin de créer une gaine mince de gaz autour de la pulpe pour faciliter son écoulement. Ces orifices sont disposés en amont des séries de désagrégation et de mise en rotation. Ils ont par exemple un diamètre de 3 mm et sont au nombre de 6.A series of peeling orifices 5 is added in order to create a thin sheath of gas around the pulp to facilitate its flow. These orifices are arranged upstream of the disaggregation and rotation series. They have for example a diameter of 3 mm and are 6 in number.

Leurs axes sont tangents à un cercle fictif dont le rayon est égal ou supérieur à 0,7 fois le rayon interne du tube central.Their axes are tangent to a fictitious circle whose radius is equal to or greater than 0.7 times the internal radius of the central tube.

De façon à éviter que des particules de pulpe ne s'accrochent ou ne gouttent au nez de la lance, un jeu 6 est maintenu entre l'extrémité du manchon 2A et le tube central 1. Ce jeu est compris entre 0,01 fois et 0,1 fois le rayon intérieur du tube central.In order to prevent pulp particles from clinging or dripping onto the nose of the lance, a clearance 6 is maintained between the end of the sleeve 2A and the central tube 1. This clearance is between 0.01 times and 0.1 times the inside radius of the central tube.

Le jet de gaz passant par ce jeu est destiné à projeter au loin les éventuelles gouttes de pulpe. Ce jeu n'est maintenu qu'en partie basse de la lance lorsque celle-ci est en position horizontale ou proche de l'horizontale et s'étend alors sur un arc dont l'angle au centre est d'au moins 60 degrés.The gas jet passing through this set is intended to project any pulp drops away. This play is only maintained in the lower part of the lance when the latter is in a horizontal position or close to the horizontal and then extends over an arc whose angle in the center is at least 60 degrees.

La présente invention est particulièrement adaptée à l'injection de pulpe de charbon ou de matière carbonée dans des foyers de chaudière à lit fluidisé car, grâce à la vitesse de rotation imprimée à la pulpe par le gaz moteur, elle développe un jet avec une dispersion importante et permet une bonne répartition de la pulpe dans le foyer de la chaudière.The present invention is particularly suitable for injecting carbon pulp or carbonaceous material into furnaces of a fluidized bed boiler because, thanks to the speed of rotation imparted to the pulp by the working gas, it develops a jet with a dispersion important and allows a good distribution of the pulp in the hearth of the boiler.

L'extrémité de cette lance est alors exécutée soit en acier réfractaire, soit en céramique pour limiter les usures dues à la température et à l'abrasion par les particules solides de la pulpe.The end of this lance is then executed either in refractory steel or in ceramic to limit wear due to temperature and abrasion by solid particles of the pulp.

Bien que la lance donnée en exemple ait été destinée à une injection de pulpe dans une chaudière à lit fluidisé sous pression atmosphérique, l'invention s'applique également à une injection dans des enceintes sous pression et en particulier, dans des lits fluidisés ou des gazéifieurs sous pression.Although the lance given in example was intended for an injection of pulp in a fluidized bed boiler under atmospheric pressure, the invention also applies to an injection in pressurized enclosures and in particular, in fluidized beds or pressurized gasifiers.

Le débit total de pulpe est par exemple de 20 m3/h et le débit d'air de 700 m3/h.The total pulp flow rate is for example 20 m3 / h and the air flow rate of 700 m3 / h.

La pulpe présente par exemple une viscosité telle que, dans un tuyau de diamètre 100 mm, la perte de charge à un débit de 10 m3/h, soit comprise entre 100 à 100 000 Pascals.The pulp has for example a viscosity such that, in a 100 mm diameter pipe, the pressure drop at a flow rate of 10 m3 / h, is between 100 to 100,000 Pascals.

Il est à remarquer que de telles viscosités sont très différentes de celles de certains combustibles connus dans la technique qui ne sont pas des pulpes et qui sont appelés "coal water slurry fuel" c'est-à-dire "combustible à base de coulis charbon-eau" ou "Coal Water Mixture" (CWM) c'est-à-dire "mélange charbon-eau". La viscosité de ces combustibles connus est telle que, dans un tuyau de diamètre 100 mm la perte de charge à un débit de 10 m3/h soit typiquement de 20 Pascals et dans tous les cas inférieure à 70 Pascals.It should be noted that such viscosities are very different from those of certain fuels known in the art which are not pulps and which are called "coal water slurry fuel" that is to say "fuel based on coal slurry -eau "or" Coal Water Mixture "(CWM) that is to say" coal-water mixture ". The viscosity of these known fuels is such that, in a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm, the pressure drop at a flow rate of 10 m3 / h is typically 20 Pascals and in all cases less than 70 Pascals.

Une lance connue adaptée à la dispersion d'un tel combustible est décrite dans le document JP-A-61-83817 précité, Patent Abstracts of Japan vol. 10, n° 257 (Babcock Hitachi K.K.). Elle comporte une chambre de séparation de particules selon leurs diamètres dans laquelle une émulsion formée par ce combustible et de la vapeur d'eau est entraînée en rotation par des trous injectant tangentiellement de la vapeur d'eau. Le combustible ainsi émulsifié et séparé passe à travers un orifice de sortie axial 25 et des orifices périphériques 24 dont le diamètre serait trop petit s'il s'agissait de disperser une pulpe de charbon.A known lance adapted to the dispersion of such a fuel is described in the document JP-A-61-83817 cited above, Patent Abstracts of Japan vol. 10, no.257 (Babcock Hitachi K.K.). It comprises a particle separation chamber according to their diameters in which an emulsion formed by this fuel and water vapor is driven in rotation by holes tangentially injecting water vapor. The fuel thus emulsified and separated passes through an axial outlet orifice 25 and peripheral orifices 24 whose diameter would be too small if it were a question of dispersing a carbon pulp.

Claims (9)

  1. A pulp dispersion lance comprising:
    - a central tube (1) extending longitudinally without reduction in cross-section along the axis of the lance (1C) to convey a pulp from a pulp inlet (1A) formed at an upstream end of the tube to a lance outlet (1B) formed at an end of the tube;
    - pulp feed means (12) for feeding said pulp inlet;
    - a gas duct (2);
    - gas feed means (14) for injecting a driving gas under pressure into an upstream portion of said gas duct; and
    - dispersion orifices (3, 4) passing through the wall of the central tube to inject the driving gas into the tube from the gas duct in such a manner as to disperse and accelerate the pulp so that it forms a jet on leaving the tube; characterized in that it comprises two series of dispersion orifices comprising a break-up series constituted by break-up orifices (3) pierced at a distance from the outlet of the lance (1B), such that the driving gas forms break-up jets directed towards the lance axis, and a rotation-imparting series of orifices formed downstream from the break-up series by rotation-imparting orifices (4), which inject oblique jets of said drive gas in order to drive the pulp into rotation, the series of rotation-imparting orifices (4) being at an axial distance from said downstream end (1B) lying in the range 60 % to 200 % of the inside radius of the central tube, with the distance being sufficient for the driving gas to mix up at least in part with the pulp in driving it into rotation upstream of its outlet, and being simultaneously short enough to ensure that on leaving the central tube the pulp conserves a significant fraction of the rotational energy acquired in this way.
  2. A lance according to claim 1, characterized in that said axial distance of the rotation-imparting orifices (4) from the downstream end (1B) of the central tube (1) lies in the range 75 % to 150 % of the inside radius of the tube.
  3. A lance according to claim 2, characterized in that said axial distance of the rotation-imparting orifices (4) from the downstream end (1B) of the central tube (1) is substantially equal to the inside radius of the tube.
  4. A lance according to claim 1, characterized in that the axes (4B) of the rotation-imparting orifices (4) pass at least twice as far from the lance axis (1C) as the axes (3A) of the break-up orifices (3).
  5. A lance according to claim 1, characterized in that the axes (4B) of the rotation-imparting orifices (4) are tangential to a cylinder (4A) which is coaxial with the central tube (1) and which has a radius lying in the range 16 % to 75 % of an inside radius of this tube.
  6. A lance according to claim 1, characterized in that the break-up series (3) is separated from the rotation-imparting series (4) by an axial distance lying in the range 20 % to 400 % of the inside radius of the central tube (1).
  7. A lance according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the mass flow rate of the driving gas to the mass flow rate of the pulp to be dispersed lies in the range 0.005 to 0.4.
  8. A lance according to claim 1, having an axis (1C) extending away from the vertical, and characterized in that an axial outlet gap (6) is formed for the driving gas outside the downstream end of the central tube (1) over a lower portion only of the circumference of the tube.
  9. A lance according to claim 8, characterized in that the outlet gap (6) extends over an arc of at least 60°.
EP91400891A 1990-04-02 1991-04-02 Pulp dispersion lance Expired - Lifetime EP0451046B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9004200 1990-04-02
FR9004200A FR2660215B1 (en) 1990-04-02 1990-04-02 PULP DISPERSION LANCE.

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EP0451046A1 EP0451046A1 (en) 1991-10-09
EP0451046B1 true EP0451046B1 (en) 1993-10-13

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DE (1) DE69100493T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2046867T3 (en)
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FR (1) FR2660215B1 (en)

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FI98406C (en) 1997-06-10
ES2046867T3 (en) 1994-02-01
FI911566A0 (en) 1991-04-02
US5188296A (en) 1993-02-23
DE69100493D1 (en) 1993-11-18
DE69100493T2 (en) 1994-02-17
FI911566A (en) 1991-10-03
FR2660215A1 (en) 1991-10-04
EP0451046A1 (en) 1991-10-09
FI98406B (en) 1997-02-28
FR2660215B1 (en) 1995-07-21

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