EP0447471B1 - Printing paper, process for manufacturing it and its use - Google Patents
Printing paper, process for manufacturing it and its use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0447471B1 EP0447471B1 EP90900830A EP90900830A EP0447471B1 EP 0447471 B1 EP0447471 B1 EP 0447471B1 EP 90900830 A EP90900830 A EP 90900830A EP 90900830 A EP90900830 A EP 90900830A EP 0447471 B1 EP0447471 B1 EP 0447471B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- printing paper
- coating
- paper according
- printing
- starch grains
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
- D21H19/54—Starch
Definitions
- the invention relates to a printing paper according to the preamble of claim 1, which is to be used in particular for offset or gravure printing. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing the printing paper and its use.
- DE-B-12 21 893 describes the production of coated printing papers, starch being made cold-soluble in some cases by mechanical treatment in a pan mill so that it is still dissolved by the evaporating water of the coating slip during drying following the coating process and in dissolved or gelatinized form in a manner known per se as a binder for fixing the pigments such as chalk.
- the papers produced are certified to have a high gloss. The problem of the rub resistance of the printing inks is not addressed.
- banknote paper is known in which to avoid fiber detachment and to increase the resistance to soiling, the surface is provided with a coating which, from a special plastic binder, contains 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of very fine rice starch and, if appropriate, further inorganic pigments. The problem of abrasion resistance does not arise with such papers.
- Matte printing papers have the great advantage that, on the one hand, the printed products produced with them do not produce any annoying light reflections and, on the other hand, in conjunction with suitable printing inks, the actual printing, in particular the multicolor printing, has a very excellent printing gloss, which increases the quality of the printed product.
- Calcium carbonate has been widely used in the past few years to produce such matt-coated printing papers.
- Scrub resistance is understood to mean the resistance of a layer of printing ink to mechanical stress due to pressure loading and friction during the further processing of the printed sheets and when using the finished printed products.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a matt-coated printing paper which has improved rub resistance and reduced susceptibility to glossy strips.
- the invention provides the characterizing features of a printing paper according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Claims 2 to 9 characterize preferred design options for the printing paper.
- a method for producing the matt coated printing paper is specified in claims 1O and 11 and the use of the printing paper in claim 12.
- non-gelatinized starch granules which are practically present as a coating pigment in the coating in an amount of 10 to 65% by weight, based on the dry content of the coating for taking up the printing ink, the coating being a further pigment Contains calcium carbonate, a paper suitable for the production of high-quality printing work, the rub resistance and susceptibility to gloss streak development is significantly improved.
- coated paper according to the invention can now also be used to provide smooth but non-glossy papers for the gravure printing process, as are required in particular for printed products with long runs.
- the printing paper according to the invention preferably contains starch granules whose gelatinization temperature is increased by chemical modification known per se. Such a modification is very preferably achieved by the starch granules designated in the characterizing part of claims 3 and 4, the gelatinization temperature being able to be influenced by the choice of the degree of etherification or esterification.
- the size of the starch granules is expediently chosen depending on the average size of the calcium carbonate pigment. Starch granules with an average grain diameter of 7 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m are preferred, but starch granules with an average grain diameter of 15 to 25 ⁇ m are particularly preferred.
- the selection can be made using the known separation techniques, such as hydrocyclone separation according to DE-OS 234157O.
- non-gelatinized starch granules are: corn, potato, wheat, rye or tapioca starch.
- corn or potato starch is particularly preferred because it is sufficiently available and inexpensive.
- the line for taking up the printing ink can also contain other white pigments known and customary in paper coating technology.
- the proportion of these pigments should expediently not exceed 15% by weight, based on the solids content of the coating, with all proportions, including binders and auxiliaries, adding up to 100% by weight.
- the coating slip contains 5 to 14% by weight, preferably less than 10% by weight, of conventional binders such as plastic latices, gelatinized, degraded starch or other known binders from paper coating technology, dispersants, optionally further white pigments and viscosity regulators.
- the solids content of this coating slip is adjusted to 40 to 72% by weight, preferably 55 to 63% by weight.
- the viscosity of this coating slip is adjusted to 5OO to 4OOO m Pas, measured with the Brookfield viscometer, spindle no. 4 at 50 rpm.
- a higher viscosity for roller application and a lower viscosity for doctor blade, air brush or blade application are preferred, the viscosity being adjusted by adding conventional, known water-soluble polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose or polyacrylic acid derivatives.
- the pH of the coating slip to be applied is 8 to 10, preferably 8.8 to 9.2 and is adjusted during the preparation of the coating slip, if necessary by adding alkali.
- the paper coated with it is dried to a final moisture content of 92 to 96% dry using known drying processes such as IR emitters, hot air floating dryers or cylinder dryers and then trimmed to the desired roll or format width.
- the coated paper produced in this way is to be used for gravure printing, it is subjected to a known calendering treatment, with 2 to 8 roller nip passes producing the necessary smoothness on the paper at a line pressure of 50 to 4OO da N / cm, without a noticeable increase in gloss to cause.
- a common primer formulation contains, for example, 100 parts by weight of ground chalk with a grain size of 70% ⁇ 2 ⁇ m, 10 parts by weight of oxidized, gelatinized starch and 9 parts by weight of a styrene-butadiene plastic binder as a binder, as well as other aids for pH and viscosity control as calcium carbonate pigment .
- the solids content of such a primer is depending on the application of the primer from 55 to 72 % By weight atro adjusted, the stroke application per side being chosen between 6 to 15 g / m 2 atro.
- the method according to the invention can be used to produce matt papers coated on one or both sides.
- the coated papers each have a basis weight of 115 g / m 2 , measured in accordance with DIN 531O2 and ISO 536.
- the specific volume was measured according to DIN 531O5, the smoothness according to DIN 531O7 and the gloss with the Lehmann gloss meter at a reflection angle of 75 degrees.
- the pick test was determined in accordance with. Information sheet for the IGT device carried out, the evaluation was carried out on an assessment scale from 1 to 6.
- the unsaturated patterns of Examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example were used to produce proofs with a defined amount of ink, so-called weighed proofs, with the test printing device from fürbau. After the ink had dried for at least 24 hours, the abrasion resistance test was carried out using the Oser abrasion resistance tester under defined conditions. The printed surface is rubbed against the same side or the back of the Paper, each unprinted, for a period of 3 minutes with a load of 625 g. The assessment can be made visually or by contrast measurement with the Elrepho device at the unprinted point. The visual assessment with a grade of 1 to 6 resulted in the following classification of the examples:
- the examples according to the invention have a much lower gloss than the comparative example, both in the unsatinated and in the satin state, and that the so-called matt effect increases with increasing proportion of native non-gelatinized starch in the coating slip, without the susceptibility of the unsatinated dried line increases to form gloss streaks.
- the coated paper is satinized, on the one hand the gloss does not increase significantly above the value of the unsatinated comparative example, on the other hand a sufficient smoothness increase can be achieved which makes the printing paper according to the invention suitable for the gravure printing process.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Druckpapier nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, das insbesondere für den Offset- oder Tiefdruck eingesetzt werden soll. Desweiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein verfahren zur Herstellung des Druckpapiers sowie seine Verwendung.The invention relates to a printing paper according to the preamble of claim 1, which is to be used in particular for offset or gravure printing. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing the printing paper and its use.
Die DE-B- 12 21 893 beschreibt die Herstellung von gestrichenen Druckpapieren, wobei Stärke durch mechanisches Behandeln in einem Kollergang teilweise kaltlöslich gemacht wird, so daß sie bei der im Anschluß an den Streichvorgang erfolgenden Trocknung durch das verdampfende Wasser der Streichmasse doch noch gelöst wird und in gelöster bzw. verkleisterter Form in an sich bekannter Weise als Bindemittel zur Fixierung der Pigmente wie Kreide beiträgt. Den hergestellten Papieren wird hoher Glanz bescheinigt. Das Problem der Scheuerfestigkeit der Druckfarben ist nicht angesprochen.DE-B-12 21 893 describes the production of coated printing papers, starch being made cold-soluble in some cases by mechanical treatment in a pan mill so that it is still dissolved by the evaporating water of the coating slip during drying following the coating process and in dissolved or gelatinized form in a manner known per se as a binder for fixing the pigments such as chalk. The papers produced are certified to have a high gloss. The problem of the rub resistance of the printing inks is not addressed.
Aus der DE-C2-26 05 575 ist ein Banknotenpapier bekannt, bei dem zur Vermeidung von Faserablösungen und zur Erhöhung des Verschmutzungswiderstandes die Oberfläche mit einer Beschichtung versehen ist, die aus einem speziellen Kunststoffbinder, O,5 bis 1O Gew.-Teilen sehr feiner Reisstärke und ggf. weitere anorganische Pigmente enthält. Das Problem der Scheuerfestigkeit tritt bei derartigen Papieren nicht auf.From DE-C2-26 05 575 a banknote paper is known in which to avoid fiber detachment and to increase the resistance to soiling, the surface is provided with a coating which, from a special plastic binder, contains 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of very fine rice starch and, if appropriate, further inorganic pigments. The problem of abrasion resistance does not arise with such papers.
Die hervorragende Eignung matter, nicht glänzender Druckpapiere für hochwertige Druckarbeiten, wie Bildbände, repräsentative Werbeprospekte und Geschäftsberichte, wurde in den vergangenen Jahren zunehmend erkannt. Matte Druckpapiere haben den großen Vorteil, daß einerseits die damit hergestellten Druckerzeugnisse beim Betrachten keine störenden Lichtreflexe erzeugen und andererseits in Verbindung mit geeigneten Druckfarben der eigentliche Druck, insbesondere der Mehrfarbendruck einen ganz hervorragenden Druckglanz aufweist, womit die Qualität des Druckerzeugnisses gesteigert wird.The excellent suitability of matt, non-glossy printing papers for high-quality printing work, such as illustrated books, representative advertising brochures and annual reports, has been increasingly recognized in recent years. Matte printing papers have the great advantage that, on the one hand, the printed products produced with them do not produce any annoying light reflections and, on the other hand, in conjunction with suitable printing inks, the actual printing, in particular the multicolor printing, has a very excellent printing gloss, which increases the quality of the printed product.
Zur Erzeugung derartiger mattgestrichener Druckpapiere hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren Calciumcarbonat in breiter Front durchgesetzt.Calcium carbonate has been widely used in the past few years to produce such matt-coated printing papers.
In der DE-Zeitschrift "Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation, Jahrgang 112, Heft 17, Seiten 609 bis 613 (1984)" wird ausführlich auf die Eigenschaften mattgestrichener Papiere - u.a. auch solcher, die Calciumcarbonat als Strichkomponente aufweisen, eingegangen. Als entscheidender Nachteil dieser Papiere wird trotz ihrer großen Verbreitung seit Mitte der 7Oer Jahre ein wesentlicher Mangel in bezug auf die Scheuerfestigkeit und die Bildung von Glanzstreifen hervorgehoben.The DE magazine "Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation, year 112, number 17, pages 609 to 613 (1984)" deals in detail with the properties of matt-coated papers - including those containing calcium carbonate as a coating component. As a major disadvantage of these papers, despite their widespread use since the mid-1970s, there has been a major shortcoming in the abrasion resistance and the formation of gloss stripes are emphasized.
Unter Scheuerfestigkeit wird dabei der Widerstand einer Druckfarbenschicht gegen mechanische Beanspruchung durch Druckbelastung und Reibung bei der Weiterverarbeitung der Druckbogen und bei Verwendung der fertigen Druckerzeugnisse verstanden.Scrub resistance is understood to mean the resistance of a layer of printing ink to mechanical stress due to pressure loading and friction during the further processing of the printed sheets and when using the finished printed products.
Scheuern kann aber auch schon bei unbedruckten Papieren in den Ausrüstungsmaschinen der Papierfabrik, wie zum Beispiel Querschneidern, zu unerwünschten Glanzeffekten führen, so daß die Gebrauchsfähigkeit eines mattgestrichenen Papieres dadurch bis auf Null reduziert werden kann.However, rubbing can also lead to undesired gloss effects even with unprinted paper in the equipment of the paper factory, such as cross cutters, so that the usability of a matt-coated paper can be reduced to zero.
Zur Verbesserung der Scheuerfestigkeit werden in der obigen Literaturstelle verschiedene Maßnahmen vorgeschlagen, die aber alle zum einen relativ umständlich sind oder das Endprodukt verteuern, wenn beispielsweise der fertige Druckbogen mit einer zusätzlichen Mattlackschicht überzogen wird, zum anderen haben die vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen noch nicht zu einer befriedigenden Lösung geführt.Various measures are proposed in the above literature to improve the abrasion resistance, but all of them are relatively cumbersome or make the end product more expensive if, for example, the finished printed sheet is coated with an additional layer of matt varnish, and on the other hand, the proposed measures have not yet resulted in a satisfactory solution guided.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist daher, ein mattgestrichenes Druckpapier zur Verfügung zu stellen, das eine verbesserte Scheuerfestigkeit und verminderte Anfälligkeit gegen Glanzstreifen aufweist.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a matt-coated printing paper which has improved rub resistance and reduced susceptibility to glossy strips.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe sieht die Erfindung bei einem Druckpapier nach dem Gattungsbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 dessen kennzeichnende Merkmale vor.To achieve the object, the invention provides the characterizing features of a printing paper according to the preamble of claim 1.
Die Patentansprüche 2 bis 9 kennzeichnen bevorzugte Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten des Druckpapiers. Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des mattgestrichenen Druckpapiers wird in den Patentansprüchen 1O und 11 und die Verwendung des Druckpapiers im Patentanspruch 12 angegeben.Claims 2 to 9 characterize preferred design options for the printing paper. A method for producing the matt coated printing paper is specified in claims 1O and 11 and the use of the printing paper in claim 12.
Es hat sich überraschenderweise gezeigt, daß durch die erfinderische Mitverwendung unverkleisterter Stärkekörnchen, die praktisch als Streichpigment im Strich in einer Menge von 1O bis 65 Gew.-% vorliegen, bezogen auf den Trockengehalt des Striches zur Aufnahme der Druckfarbe, wobei der Strich als weiteres Pigment Calciumcarbonat enthält, ein für die Herstellung von hochwertigen Druckarbeiten geeignetes Papier hergestellt werden kann, dessen Scheuerfestigkeit und Anfälligkeit gegen Glanzstreifenentwicklung wesentlich verbessert ist.It has surprisingly been found that the inventive use of non-gelatinized starch granules, which are practically present as a coating pigment in the coating in an amount of 10 to 65% by weight, based on the dry content of the coating for taking up the printing ink, the coating being a further pigment Contains calcium carbonate, a paper suitable for the production of high-quality printing work, the rub resistance and susceptibility to gloss streak development is significantly improved.
Während derartige Papiere für den Offsetdruck auch bisher nicht durch eine Kalanderbehandlung zur Erzielung einer höheren Glätte nachbehandelt werden mußten, da das offsetdruckverfahren keine besonders hohe Anforderungen an die Glätte des Mattpapieres stellt, war ein Einsatz derartiger Papiere für den Tiefdruck nur unter Inkaufnahme eines sehr mangelhaften Druckausfalls bei minderwertigen Druckerzeugnissen möglich. Das Tiefdruckverfahren stellt an die oberfläche eines gestrichenen Papieres sehr hohe Anforderungen bezüglich Glätte und Ebenheit des Striches. Wollte man bei den bisher bekannten Calciumcarbonat-haltigen Streichmassen für Tiefdruckpapiere eine höhere Glätte erzielen, so mußte das gestrichene Papier einer Kalandernachbehandlung unterzogen werden. Mit in der Papierindustrie üblichen Superkalandern konnte zwar die Glätte erhöht werden, wobei diese Erhöhung jedoch unweigerlich mit einer Glanzsteigerung verbunden war und letztendlich der auch hier erwünschte Matteffekt nicht zu erreichen war.While such papers for offset printing have so far not had to be post-treated by calendering to achieve a higher smoothness, since the offset printing process does not place particularly high demands on the smoothness of the matt paper, the use of such papers for gravure printing was only possible with a very poor print loss possible with inferior printed products. The gravure printing process places very high demands on the surface of a coated paper with regard to the smoothness and flatness of the coating. If one wanted to achieve a higher smoothness with the previously known coating compositions containing calcium carbonate for rotogravure papers, this had to be done the coated paper is subjected to a calender aftertreatment. Although the smoothness could be increased with supercalenders customary in the paper industry, this increase was inevitably associated with an increase in gloss and ultimately the desired matt effect could not be achieved here either.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen beschichteten Papier können nun auch glatte, jedoch nichtglänzende Papiere für das Tiefdruckverfahren zur Verfügung gestellt werden, wie sie insbesondere für Druckerzeugnisse mit hohen Auflagen benötigt werden.The coated paper according to the invention can now also be used to provide smooth but non-glossy papers for the gravure printing process, as are required in particular for printed products with long runs.
Bevorzugt enthält das erfindungsgemäße Druckpapier Stärkekörnchen, deren Verkleisterungstemperatur durch an sich bekannte chemische Modifizierung erhöht ist. Eine derartige Modifizierung wird ganz bevorzugt durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil der Ansprüche 3 und 4 bezeichneten Stärkekörnchen erreicht, wobei durch die Wahl des Verätherungs- bzw. Veresterungsgrades die Verkleisterungstemperatur beeinflußt werden kann.The printing paper according to the invention preferably contains starch granules whose gelatinization temperature is increased by chemical modification known per se. Such a modification is very preferably achieved by the starch granules designated in the characterizing part of claims 3 and 4, the gelatinization temperature being able to be influenced by the choice of the degree of etherification or esterification.
Die Größe der Stärkekörnchen wird zweckmäßigerweise in Abhängigkeit der mittleren Größe des Calciumcarbonatpigmentes gewählt. Bevorzugt werden Stärkekörnchen mit einem mittleren Korndurchmesser von 7 µm bis 5O µm, besonders bevorzugt werden jedoch Stärkekörnchen mit einem mittleren Korndurchmesser von 15 bis 25 µm. Die Auswahl kann dabei durch die bekannten Auftrenntechniken, wie zum Beispiel Hydrozyklonscheidung gemäß der DE-OS 234157O, erfolgen.The size of the starch granules is expediently chosen depending on the average size of the calcium carbonate pigment. Starch granules with an average grain diameter of 7 µm to 50 µm are preferred, but starch granules with an average grain diameter of 15 to 25 µm are particularly preferred. The selection can be made using the known separation techniques, such as hydrocyclone separation according to DE-OS 234157O.
Als unverkleisterte Stärkekörnchen kommen insbesondere in Betracht: Mais-, Kartoffel-, Weizen-, Roggen-, oder Tapiokastärke. Besonders bevorzugt sind jedoch Mais- oder Kartoffelstärke, da sie ausreichend verfügbar und preiswert sind.Particularly suitable non-gelatinized starch granules are: corn, potato, wheat, rye or tapioca starch. However, corn or potato starch is particularly preferred because it is sufficiently available and inexpensive.
Der Strich zur Aufnahme der Druckfarbe kann neben 25 bis 70 Gew.-% Calciumcarbonat und 10 bis 65 Gew.-% unverkleisterten Stärkekörnchen noch weitere, in der Papierstreichtechnik bekannte und übliche Weißpigmente enthalten. So können Übliche Streichkaoline, Titandioxid zur Erhöhung der Weiße und Opazität, Satinweiß zur Weißeerhöhung, Gips als preiswertes Pigment aus Rauchgasentschwefelungsanlagen, Talkum, aber auch bekannte synthetische Pigmente auf Silikat-Aluminiumoxid- oder Kunststoffbasis mitverwendet werden. Zweckmäßigerweise soll der Anteil dieser Pigmente 15 Gew.-%, bezogen auf den Feststoffgehalt des Striches, nicht überschreiten, wobei sich alle Anteile, einschießlich Bindemittel und Hilfsmittel, auf 1OO Gew.-% ergänzen.In addition to 25 to 70% by weight of calcium carbonate and 10 to 65% by weight of non-gelatinized starch granules, the line for taking up the printing ink can also contain other white pigments known and customary in paper coating technology. Common coating kaolins, titanium dioxide to increase whiteness and opacity, satin white to increase whiteness, gypsum as an inexpensive pigment from flue gas desulphurization plants, talc, but also known synthetic pigments based on silicate-aluminum oxide or plastic can also be used. The proportion of these pigments should expediently not exceed 15% by weight, based on the solids content of the coating, with all proportions, including binders and auxiliaries, adding up to 100% by weight.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Druckpapieres besteht darin, daß ein Übliches Streichrohpapier mit einer Flächenmasse von 30 bis 17O g/m2 atro mit einer Streichmasse nach den üblichen Streichtechniken, wie Walzenauftrag, Luftbürste-, Draht- oder Rollrakel- oder Streichmesserauftrag mit einer Auftragsstärke von 8 bis 24 g/m2 (gerechnet als Gewichtsteile absolut trocken = atro) ein- oder beidseitig gestrichen wird, wobei die Streichmasse neben Calciumcarbonat noch 1O bis 65 Gew.-% unverkleisterte Stärkekörnchen, bezogen auf ihren Feststoffgehalt enthält. Als weitere Bestandteile enthält die Streichmasse 5 bis 14 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise weniger als 1O Gew.-% üblicher Bindemittel wie Kunststofflatices, verkleisterte, abgebaute Stärke oder andere bekannte Bindemittel der Papierstreichtechnik, Dispergiermittel, gegebenenfalls weitere Weißpigmente und Viskositätsregulierer. Der Feststoffgehalt dieser Streichmasse wird auf 4O bis 72 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise auf 55 bis 63 Gew.-%, eingestellt. Die Viskosität dieser Streichmasse wird auf 5OO bis 4OOO m Pas, gemessen mit dem Brookfield-Viskosimeter, Spindel Nr. 4 bei 5O U/min eingestellt. Dabei wird eine höhere Viskosität für den Walzenauftrag und eine niedrigere Viskosität für den Rakel-, Luftbürsten- oder Klingenauftrag bevorzugt, wobei die Viskositätseinstellung durch Zugabe üblicher, bekannter wasserlöslicher Polymere, wie Polyvinylalkohol, Carboxymethylcellulose oder Polyacrylsäurederivate erfolgen kann. Der pH-Wert der aufzutragenden Streichmasse beträgt 8 bis 1O, vorzugsweise 8,8 bis 9,2 und wird bei der Herstellung der Streichmasse, gegebenenfalls durch Zugabe von Alkali eingestellt. Bei der Zubereitung der Streichmasse hat es sich als besonders bevorzugt erwiesen, die unverkleisterte Stärke als letzte Komponente dem Ansatz zuzufügen, um eine zu starke Scherung der Stärkekörnchen zu vermeiden. werden höhere Mengen von Stärkekörnchen dem Ansatz zugefügt, ist es zweckmäßig, den Anteil an anorganischen oder organischen Dispergiermitteln auf O,5 bis 1 Gewichtsteil anzuheben, da es sich gezeigt hat, daß native unverkleisterte Stärke ein dilatantes Fließverhalten der Streichmasse zu Folge hat.A method according to the invention for producing the printing paper according to the invention consists in the fact that a conventional coating base paper with a basis weight of 30 to 17O g / m 2 atro with a coating slip according to the usual coating techniques, such as roller application, air brush, wire or roller doctor blade or coating knife application with a Application thickness of 8 to 24 g / m 2 (calculated as parts by weight absolutely dry = atro) is spread on one or both sides, the coating slip being obtained in addition to calcium carbonate and 10 to 65% by weight of unglazed starch granules contains on their solids content. As a further constituent, the coating slip contains 5 to 14% by weight, preferably less than 10% by weight, of conventional binders such as plastic latices, gelatinized, degraded starch or other known binders from paper coating technology, dispersants, optionally further white pigments and viscosity regulators. The solids content of this coating slip is adjusted to 40 to 72% by weight, preferably 55 to 63% by weight. The viscosity of this coating slip is adjusted to 5OO to 4OOO m Pas, measured with the Brookfield viscometer, spindle no. 4 at 50 rpm. A higher viscosity for roller application and a lower viscosity for doctor blade, air brush or blade application are preferred, the viscosity being adjusted by adding conventional, known water-soluble polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose or polyacrylic acid derivatives. The pH of the coating slip to be applied is 8 to 10, preferably 8.8 to 9.2 and is adjusted during the preparation of the coating slip, if necessary by adding alkali. When preparing the coating slip, it has proven to be particularly preferred to add the non-gelatinized starch to the batch as the last component in order to avoid excessive shear of the starch granules. If higher amounts of starch granules are added to the batch, it is advisable to increase the proportion of inorganic or organic dispersants to 0.5 to 1 part by weight, since it has been shown that native, non-gelatinized starch results in a dilatant flow behavior of the coating slip.
Nach dem Auftragen und Egalisieren der Streichmasse wird das damit gestrichene Papier mittels bekannter Trocknungsverfahren, wie IR-Strahler, Heißluft-Schwebetrockner oder Zylindertrockner auf eine Endfeuchte von 92 bis 96 % atro getrocknet und anschließend auf die gewünschte Rollen- oder Formatbreite beschnitten.After application and leveling of the coating slip, the paper coated with it is dried to a final moisture content of 92 to 96% dry using known drying processes such as IR emitters, hot air floating dryers or cylinder dryers and then trimmed to the desired roll or format width.
Soll das so hergestellte gestrichene Papier für den Tiefdruck eingesetzt werden, wird es einer an sich bekannten Kalanderbehandlung unterzogen, wobei 2 bis 8 Walzenspaltdurchgänge bei einem Liniendruck von 50 bis 4OO da N/cm auf dem Papier die notwendige Glätte erzeugen, ohne dabei eine merkliche Glanzerhöhung zu verursachen.If the coated paper produced in this way is to be used for gravure printing, it is subjected to a known calendering treatment, with 2 to 8 roller nip passes producing the necessary smoothness on the paper at a line pressure of 50 to 4OO da N / cm, without a noticeable increase in gloss to cause.
Sind matte gestrichene Druckpapiere mit einer höheren Flächenmasse im Bereich von 8O bis 25O g/m2 Endgewicht erwünscht, ist es angezeigt, auf dem Streichrohpapier zunächst einen sogenannten Vorstrich anzubringen und erst auf diesem Vorstrich den eigentlichen Mattstrich zur Aufnahme der Druckfarbe anzuordnen.If matt coated printing papers with a higher mass per unit area in the range of 80 to 250 g / m 2 final weight are desired, it is advisable to apply a so-called primer on the coating base paper and only then to arrange the actual matt coating to take up the printing ink on this primer.
Eine übliche Vorstrichrezeptur enthält beispielsweise als Calciumcarbonat-Pigment 100 Gewichtsteile gemahlene Kreide mit einer Korngröße 70 % < 2 µm, 10 Gewichtsteile oxidierte, verkleisterte Stärke und 9 Gewichtsteile atro eines Styrol-Butadien-Kunststoffbinders als Bindemittel sowie weitere Hilfsmittel zur pH-Wert- und Viskositätssteuerung. Der Feststoffgehalt einer derartigen Vorstreichmasse wird je nach der Auftragsweise des Vorstrichaggregates auf 55 bis 72 Gew.-% atro eingestellt, wobei der Strichauftrag pro Seite zwischen 6 bis 15 g/m2 atro gewählt wird.A common primer formulation contains, for example, 100 parts by weight of ground chalk with a grain size of 70% <2 µm, 10 parts by weight of oxidized, gelatinized starch and 9 parts by weight of a styrene-butadiene plastic binder as a binder, as well as other aids for pH and viscosity control as calcium carbonate pigment . The solids content of such a primer is depending on the application of the primer from 55 to 72 % By weight atro adjusted, the stroke application per side being chosen between 6 to 15 g / m 2 atro.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann zur Herstellung ein- oder beidseitig gestrichener Mattpapiere hierangezogen werden.The method according to the invention can be used to produce matt papers coated on one or both sides.
In den folgenden Beispielen wird die Erfindung näher erläutert:The invention is explained in more detail in the following examples:
- 1OO
- Gewichtsteile gemahlenes Calciumcarbonat
- 1O
- Gewichtsteile oxidierte Stärke
- 9
- Gewichtsteile Butadien-Styrol-Latex (atro)
- O,5
- Gewichtsteile Harnstofformaldehydharz als Naßfestmittel
pH-Wert 9,O
Feststoffgehalt 6O,4 %
Viskosität Brookfield Spindel Nr. 4
51OO m Pas bei 5O U/min
- 1OO
- Parts by weight of ground calcium carbonate
- 1O
- Parts by weight of oxidized starch
- 9
- Parts by weight of butadiene-styrene latex (atro)
- O, 5th
- Parts by weight of urea formaldehyde resin as a wet strength agent
pH 9, O
Solids content 6O, 4%
Brookfield Spindle No. 4 viscosity
51OO m Pas at 50 rpm
- 8O8O
- Gewichtsteile gemahlenes CalciumcarbonatParts by weight of ground calcium carbonate
- 2O2O
- Gewichtsteile chemisch modifizierte native MaisstärkeParts by weight of chemically modified native corn starch
- O,7O.7
- Gewichtsteile DispergiermittelParts by weight of dispersant
- 33rd
- Gewichtsteile oxidativ abgebaute StärkeParts by weight of oxidatively degraded starch
- 66
- Gewichtsteile Butadien-Styrol-Latex (atro)Parts by weight of butadiene-styrene latex (atro)
- 11
- Gewichsteil Calcium-StearatPart by weight of calcium stearate
- Feststoffgehalt:Solids content:
- 6O,5 Gew.-%6O.5% by weight
- pH-Wert:PH value:
- 9,O9, O
- 6O
- Gewichtsteile gemahlenes Calciumcarbonat
- 4O
- Gewichtsteile chemisch modifizierte native Maisstärke
übrige Anteile wie Beispiel 1
- Feststoffgehalt:
- 57,0 Gew.-%
- pH-Wert:
- 9,1
- 6O
- Parts by weight of ground calcium carbonate
- 4O
- Parts by weight of chemically modified native corn starch
remaining portions as in example 1
- Solids content:
- 57.0% by weight
- PH value:
- 9.1
- 5O
- Gewichtsteile gemahlenes Calciumcarbonat
- 5O
- Gewichtsteile chemisch modifizierte native Maisstärke
übrige Anteile wie Beispiel 1
- Feststoffgehalt:
- 56,1 Gew.-%
- pH-Wert:
- 9,O
- 5O
- Parts by weight of ground calcium carbonate
- 5O
- Parts by weight of chemically modified native corn starch
remaining portions as in example 1
- Solids content:
- 56.1% by weight
- PH value:
- 9, O
- 1OO
- Gewichtsteile gemahlenes Calciumcarbonat
- O,4
- Gewichtsteile Carboxymethylcellulose
- O,9
- Gewichtsteile Polyvinylalkohol
- 1O
- Gewichtsteile Kunststofflatexbinder
- O,5
- Gewichtsteile Harnstofformaldehydharz
- Feststoffgehalt:
- 62,6 Gew.-%
- pH-Wert:
- 9,O
Ein holzfreies Streichrohpapier mit einer Flächenmasse von 67 g/m2 wurde zunächst beidseitig mit je 11 g/m2 (atro) Vorstrichmasse beschichtet und dann getrocknet. Daran anschließend wurden mittels eines Streichmessers in einem weiteren Arbeitsgang beidseitig je 13 g/m2 (atro) der Streichmassen von Beispiel 1 bis 3 und zusätzlich die Vergleichsstreichmasse aufgetragen und getrocknet. Ein Teil der so gestrichenen Papiere wurde zusätzlich noch mit einem Laborkalander zur Erreichung einer glatten Oberfläche nachbehandelt. Die Untersuchung der Proben und die erhaltenen Ergebnisse sind in der folgenden Tabelle dargestellt.
- 1OO
- Parts by weight of ground calcium carbonate
- O, 4th
- Parts by weight of carboxymethyl cellulose
- O.9
- Parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol
- 1O
- Parts by weight of plastic latex binder
- O, 5th
- Parts by weight of urea formaldehyde resin
- Solids content:
- 62.6% by weight
- PH value:
- 9, O
A wood-free coating base paper with a mass per unit area of 67 g / m 2 was initially coated on both sides with 11 g / m 2 (dry) primer coating and then dried. Subsequently, using a doctor knife, 13 g / m 2 (atro) of the coating slips of Examples 1 to 3 and additionally the comparison coating slip were applied and dried on both sides in a further operation. Some of the papers coated in this way were additionally treated with a laboratory calender to achieve a smooth surface. The examination of the samples and the results obtained are shown in the following table.
Die gestrichenen Papiere weisen jeweils eine Flächenmasse von 115 g/m2, gemessen nach DIN 531O2 und ISO 536, auf. Das spezifische Volumens wurde nach DIN 531O5, die Glätte nach DIN 531O7 und der Glanz mit dem Glanzmeßgerät nach Lehmann bei 75 Grad Reflektionswinkel gemessen.The coated papers each have a basis weight of 115 g / m 2 , measured in accordance with DIN 531O2 and ISO 536. The specific volume was measured according to DIN 531O5, the smoothness according to DIN 531O7 and the gloss with the Lehmann gloss meter at a reflection angle of 75 degrees.
Die Bestimmung des Rupftestes wurde gemäß . Mitteilungsblatt zum IGT-Gerät durchgeführt, wobei die Auswertung anhand einer Beurteilungsskala von 1 bis 6 erfolgte.The pick test was determined in accordance with. Information sheet for the IGT device carried out, the evaluation was carried out on an assessment scale from 1 to 6.
Zur Bewertung der Scheuerfestigkeit wurde zunächst von den unsatinierten Mustern der Beispiele 1 bis 3 sowie von dem Vergleichsbeispiel Andrucke mit definierter Farbmenge, sogenannte gewogene Andrucke, mit dem Probeandruckgerät von Prüfbau hergestellt. Nach Durchtrocknen der Druckfarbe während einer Zeit von mindestens 24 h erfolgte die Scheuerfestigkeitsprüfung mit dem Scheuerfestigkeitsprüfgerät von Oser unter definierten Bedingungen. Gescheuert wird die bedruckte Fläche gegen die gleiche Seite oder die Rückseite des Papieres, jeweils unbedruckte Stellen, während einer Zeit von 3 Minuten mit einer Belastung von 625 g. Die Beurteilung kann visuell oder mittels Kontrastmessung mit dem Elrepho-Gerät an der unbedruckten Stelle erfolgen. Dabei ergab sich bei visueller Beurteilung mit einer Notenabstufung von 1 bis 6 folgende Einstufung der Beispiele:
Aus der obigen Tabelle kann entnommen werden, daß die erfindungsgemäßen Beispiele sowohl im unsatinierten wie auch im satinierten Zustand einen wesentlich geringeren Glanz aufweisen als das Vergleichsbeispiel, und daß mit steigendem Anteil an nativer unverkleisterter Stärke in der Streichmasse der sogenannte Matteffekt zunimmt, ohne daß die Anfälligkeit des unsatinierten getrockneten Striches zur Glanzstreifenbildung zunimmt. Wird das gestrichene Papier jedoch satiniert, steigt einerseits der Glanz nicht wesentlich über den Wert des unsatinierten Vergleichsbeispiels, andererseits ist jedoch eine ausreichende Glättesteigerung zu erzielen, die das erfindungsgemäße Druckpapier für das Tiefdruckverfahren geeignet macht.From the table above it can be seen that the examples according to the invention have a much lower gloss than the comparative example, both in the unsatinated and in the satin state, and that the so-called matt effect increases with increasing proportion of native non-gelatinized starch in the coating slip, without the susceptibility of the unsatinated dried line increases to form gloss streaks. However, if the coated paper is satinized, on the one hand the gloss does not increase significantly above the value of the unsatinated comparative example, on the other hand a sufficient smoothness increase can be achieved which makes the printing paper according to the invention suitable for the gravure printing process.
Claims (12)
- Matt printing paper, with the exception of banknote and security document paper, especially for offset or intaglio printing, having a coating for receiving the printing ink, which coating contains calcium carbonate, as coating pigment, and binder, characterised in that the coating contains starch grains, with the exception of rice starch grains, not converted into a paste, in an amount of from 10 to 65 % by weight based on its overall solids content.
- Printing paper according to claim 1, characterised in that the starch grains have been chemically modified.
- Printing paper according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the starch grains have been etherified.
- Printing paper according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the starch grains have been esterified.
- Printing paper according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the starch grains have an average grain diameter of from 7 to 50 µm.
- Printing paper according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the starch grains consist of potato, corn, wheat, rye or tapioca starch or of a mixture of those types of starch.
- Printing paper according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the coating contains calcium carbonate in an amount of from 25 % by weight to 70 % by weight based on its solids content.
- Printing paper according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the coating contains ground or precipitated calcium carbonate.
- Printing paper according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that, in addition to calcium carbonate, the coating contains, as further pigment, kaolin and/or titanium dioxide and/or satin white and/or gypsum and/or talc and/or other conventional natural or synthetic white pigments.
- Process for the manufacture of a matt printing paper according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which a coating composition containing calcium carbonate and binder is applied to a coating base paper optionally provided with a precoating and is dried., characterised in that the coating composition contains starch grains, with the exception of rice starch grains, not converted into a paste, in an amount of from 10 to 65 % by weight based on its solids content, the starch grains being added only after the addition of the other coating components.
- Process for the manufacture of a printing paper according to claim 10, characterised in that, following the drying of the coating, the printing paper is smoothed by a calendering process that is customary per se.
- Use of a matt-coated printing paper according to claim 1 for the manufacture of printing products that are resistant to abrasion and/or free from shiny streaks.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT90900830T ATE81168T1 (en) | 1988-12-07 | 1989-12-01 | PRINTING PAPER, PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE AND ITS USE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3841199A DE3841199A1 (en) | 1988-12-07 | 1988-12-07 | PRINTED PAPER, METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURE AND ITS USE |
| DE3841199 | 1988-12-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0447471A1 EP0447471A1 (en) | 1991-09-25 |
| EP0447471B1 true EP0447471B1 (en) | 1992-09-30 |
Family
ID=6368639
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90900830A Expired - Lifetime EP0447471B1 (en) | 1988-12-07 | 1989-12-01 | Printing paper, process for manufacturing it and its use |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0447471B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3841199A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2035747T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI98235C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990006399A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4207690C1 (en) * | 1992-03-11 | 1993-09-09 | Zanders Feinpapiere Ag, 51465 Bergisch Gladbach, De | |
| JPH0757848B2 (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 1995-06-21 | マールブルガー、タペーテンファブリク、ヨット、ベー、シェーファー、ゲゼルシャフト、ミット、ベシュレンクテル、ハフツング、ウント、コンパニー、コマンディット、ゲゼルシャフト | Method for producing a three-dimensional surface structured coating for wall and floor surfaces and structural paste therefor |
| DE4213746C2 (en) * | 1992-04-25 | 1996-03-07 | Feldmuehle Ag Stora | Print media with a line on one or both sides |
| DE19537427C1 (en) | 1995-10-07 | 1997-02-27 | Feldmuehle Ag Stora | Paper with a cast coating |
| DE19706574C2 (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 1999-07-08 | Stora Publication Paper Ag | Paper coated with a coating method, process for its production and its use |
| DE10153565A1 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-22 | Ctp Papierhilfsmittel Gmbh & C | Process for the production of papers which are particularly suitable for the ink jet printing process, and coating slip for surface treatment of such papers |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1043193A (en) * | 1975-02-14 | 1978-11-28 | Douglas C. Edwards | Coating of paper |
| DE2632744C2 (en) * | 1976-07-21 | 1978-10-19 | Feldmuehle Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf | Surface coating material for the production of surface-modified wood-based materials |
-
1988
- 1988-12-07 DE DE3841199A patent/DE3841199A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-12-01 WO PCT/EP1989/001428 patent/WO1990006399A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1989-12-01 DE DE9090900830T patent/DE58902391D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-01 ES ES199090900830T patent/ES2035747T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-01 EP EP90900830A patent/EP0447471B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-06-05 FI FI912707A patent/FI98235C/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI98235B (en) | 1997-01-31 |
| DE58902391D1 (en) | 1992-11-05 |
| WO1990006399A3 (en) | 1990-07-12 |
| DE3841199A1 (en) | 1990-06-13 |
| FI912707A0 (en) | 1991-06-05 |
| FI98235C (en) | 1997-05-12 |
| WO1990006399A2 (en) | 1990-06-14 |
| EP0447471A1 (en) | 1991-09-25 |
| ES2035747T3 (en) | 1993-04-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE4213746C2 (en) | Print media with a line on one or both sides | |
| DE102007030102B4 (en) | prepreg | |
| DE60027146T2 (en) | COMPOSITION FOR THE COATING OF PAPER WITH IMPROVED SUPPORTS FOR OPTICAL LIGHTER | |
| EP0685016B1 (en) | Web printing paper and process for producing it | |
| EP1987195B1 (en) | Base paper and production thereof | |
| EP0908560B1 (en) | Coated roll printing paper suitable for printing with cold-set inks | |
| DE3316949A1 (en) | CALCIUM CARBONATE, ESPECIALLY NATURAL CALCIUM CARBONATE | |
| DE4029491A1 (en) | Paper with satinised overcoat and top coat on one side - contg. synthetic resin binder, natural binder and opt. pigment, useful for label | |
| DE4411987A1 (en) | Double-side coated roll printing paper and process for its production | |
| EP0447471B1 (en) | Printing paper, process for manufacturing it and its use | |
| EP0713548B1 (en) | Paper or carboard with a coating applied by cast coating, process for producing the same and its use | |
| DE1696191B2 (en) | COATING COMPOUNDS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PAPER WITH A SEMI-MATT SURFACE | |
| WO1993015270A1 (en) | Paper suitable for rotogravure printing | |
| EP0477258B1 (en) | Upper sheet for carbon-copy system | |
| DE3014619C2 (en) | ||
| US5314753A (en) | Printing paper and a process for its manufacture | |
| DE19706574C2 (en) | Paper coated with a coating method, process for its production and its use | |
| DE4139386C1 (en) | ||
| DE19512663A1 (en) | Release papers with pigment coats based on aluminum hydroxides | |
| DE19503745C2 (en) | Printing paper for film production | |
| DE1696188C3 (en) | Coating slip for producing a paper with a matt surface | |
| DE3133938C2 (en) | Coating composition for cellulosic materials and process for their manufacture | |
| DE2100481A1 (en) | Aqueous coating color | |
| DE2243516C2 (en) | Pigment coating slips for paper | |
| EP1914345A1 (en) | Process for coating substrates with polyvinylacetal using curtain coating |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19910515 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: STORA FELDMUEHLE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19920323 |
|
| ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: STUDIO INGG. FISCHETTI & WEBER |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 81168 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19921015 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
| ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 58902391 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19921105 |
|
| GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19930106 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2035747 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
| PLBI | Opposition filed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260 |
|
| 26 | Opposition filed |
Opponent name: ZANDERS FEINPAPIERE AG Effective date: 19930627 |
|
| NLR1 | Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo |
Opponent name: ZANDERS FEINPAPIERE AG |
|
| PLBN | Opposition rejected |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009273 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: OPPOSITION REJECTED |
|
| 27O | Opposition rejected |
Effective date: 19940610 |
|
| NLR2 | Nl: decision of opposition | ||
| EAL | Se: european patent in force in sweden |
Ref document number: 90900830.2 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20021202 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20031202 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20031202 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20071221 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20071227 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20071212 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20071128 Year of fee payment: 19 Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20080108 Year of fee payment: 19 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20070919 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20071029 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PFA Owner name: STORA FELDMUEHLE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT Free format text: STORA FELDMUEHLE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT#FELDMUEHLEPLATZ 1#D-40545 DUESSELDORF (DE) -TRANSFER TO- STORA FELDMUEHLE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT#FELDMUEHLEPLATZ 1#D-40545 DUESSELDORF (DE) |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20080328 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20081027 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
| EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed | ||
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20081201 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20081201 |
|
| NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20090701 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20090831 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090701 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20081231 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20081231 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090701 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20081201 |
|
| BE20 | Be: patent expired |
Owner name: *STORA FELDMUHLE A.G. Effective date: 20091201 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20081231 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20081202 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20081201 |