EP0446134A1 - Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von monodispergiertem Aerosol mit hohem Durchfluss - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von monodispergiertem Aerosol mit hohem Durchfluss Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0446134A1
EP0446134A1 EP91400621A EP91400621A EP0446134A1 EP 0446134 A1 EP0446134 A1 EP 0446134A1 EP 91400621 A EP91400621 A EP 91400621A EP 91400621 A EP91400621 A EP 91400621A EP 0446134 A1 EP0446134 A1 EP 0446134A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
disc
flow rate
liquid
high flow
monodispersed aerosol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91400621A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0446134B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Renaudeaux
Jean-Marc Chicheportiche
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Direction General pour lArmement DGA
Etat Francais
Original Assignee
Direction General pour lArmement DGA
Etat Francais
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0446134A1 publication Critical patent/EP0446134A1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
    • B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
    • B05B3/10—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B3/1007—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces characterised by the rotating member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device generating with a high flow rate a monodispersed aerosol, that is to say of which the droplets have a low statistical dispersion of their diameter around a defined value.
  • Such devices are particularly applicable to experimental research, a field in which the criterion of monodispersion is important.
  • Monodispersed aerosol generators are used in porosity studies, in the medical field, in the pharmaceutical field.
  • a device generating a high flow rate a monodispersed aerosol has an increased efficiency compared to known sprayers.
  • Fluid mechanics and more particularly the theory of jets, shows that by subjecting a jet of fluid to a capillary wave of adequate amplitude and frequency, propagating along the jet of fluid, the jet is fragmented into droplets whose the diameter is of the order of magnitude of the half wavelength of the capillary wave.
  • Monodispersed aerosol generating devices are already known using this principle, in particular of the vibrating orifice type and of the electrostatic excitation type.
  • Monodispersed aerosol generating devices of the vibrating orifice type subject the jet of liquid coming from the orifice to a mechanical vibration of the acoustic type, which generates a capillary wave which fragments it into a monodispersed aerosol.
  • the flow of liquid thus sprayed by a single jet is low.
  • Monodispersed aerosol generating devices of the electrostatic excitation type are used only with a dielectric fluid, distributed at the periphery of a disc by the slow rotation of the latter, and ejected in the form of jets from the edge of the disc by a powerful continuous electrostatic field, while an alternating field is superimposed on this continuous field which will cause the jets to vibrate as desired and fragment them into a monodispersed aerosol.
  • aerosol generating devices have been known for a long time using a rotating disc. It is known that, if a stream of liquid is sent perpendicular to a rotating disc and at its center, this liquid spreads out on the disc under the action of centrifugal force, then resolves at the periphery according to three physical processes, depending on the operating conditions of the device: Formation of droplets, formation of jets, or formation of films.
  • the conditions for forming jets apart from the conditions for forming droplets or films, are reached for values of surface tension, flow rate, radius of the disc, density, viscosity, and the speed of rotation given in the LEUTEURTROIS formulas.
  • the surface tension forces are weak compared to the centrifugal forces.
  • Filaments or jets are formed in regular distribution around the disc. Their diameter decreases as one moves away from the center of the disc, until the jet resolves in drops. When the jet breaks, there is usually a main drop and one or more smaller drops called sattelites.
  • patent FR 687,144 describes a disc provided with concentric grooves or ribs.
  • the concentric obstacles are disposed between them with any spacing on the disc, with no concern other than to oppose the direct flow of the fluid on the disc in order to better distribute it on the periphery and increasing the flow rate of dispersed fluid.
  • rotating disc devices have the advantage of spraying more liquid than the generators of aerosols of the vibrating orifice type, but with a large heterogeneity in particle size of the aerosol formed.
  • the hydraulics of rotating discs or cups seems to have been known for a long time, there is currently no technology known which makes it possible, from a device of the rotating disc sprayer type, to produce primary monodispersed aerosols free secondary aerosols.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a device for generating a monodispersed aerosol having a much higher flow rate than that of devices with a vibrating orifice and usable for any liquid, dielectric or not.
  • the invention achieves its object thanks to improvements made to devices of the rotary disc sprayer type, comprising a flat disc, cup or object with symmetry of axial revolution set at high speed of rotation, a tube for feeding the liquid to be dispersed or a liquid reservoir provided at its base with an orifice, opening into the center of the object with symmetry of axial revolution or which may include concentric obstacles placed on the surface of the object with symmetry of axial revolution, of the type in which the speed of rotation, the dimensions of the object in rotation and the flow of liquid define operating conditions such that jets of fluid form around the periphery of the object in rotation, the device being characterized in that it includes means for disturbing the flow of the liquid to be dispersed generating a capillary wave propagating towards the periphery of the rotating object.
  • the means for disturbing the liquid to be dispersed generate capillary waves propagating towards the periphery of the rotating disc to reach the jets and fragment them.
  • the means for the disturbance of the liquid to be dispersed generating capillary waves can put in longitudinal vibration either the supply tube, or the reservoir, or the liquid in the reservoir, or make vibrate the tube and the disc, either excite the surface of the liquid flowing on the disc by means of a ring centered on the disc and vibrating in contact with the film of liquid flowing from a central region, or else use a combination of these different excitations.
  • the means for disturbing the liquid to be dispersed generating capillary waves comprise one or more several concentric obstacles periodically arranged on the object rotated with a spacing of the order of magnitude of the value of the diameter of the droplets of the monodispersed aerosol.
  • the high-flow monodispersed aerosol generator comprises an object with axial symmetry of revolution driven at high speed in rotation by an electric motor or an air turbine 2.
  • the object with symmetry of axial revolution is a flat disc 1, of interchangeable diameter with a sharp edge.
  • the distance to the center of the disc is preferably less than the diameter of the tube or the orifice of the reservoir.
  • the other end is connected to a tank of liquid in charge 5 or to a device making it possible to provide a constant flow.
  • a vibration generator of adjustable frequency and amplitude 6 can be linked to the supply tube, or to the reservoir provided at its base with an orifice, or to a ring 10 coaxial with the tube and placed in contact with the film of liquid s 'flowing from a central region of the disc, which it vibrates longitudinally to induce capillary waves propagating in the liquid flowing on the disc.
  • the liquid to be dispersed is injected with a constant flow rate perpendicular to the surface of the rapidly rotating disc (1,000 to 120,000 rpm) from a reservoir and a capillary tube or from a reservoir provided at its base with an orifice.
  • FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 illustrate the importance of the operating conditions on the way in which the liquid dispersed on the disc resolves at its periphery: FIG. 5 shows the formation of jets, FIG. 6 shows the formation of drops, the Figure 7 shows the formation of a film.
  • either the supply tube or the reservoir is vibrated, or the liquid in the tank, or the supply tube and the disc.
  • the size of the drops is measured using a particle sizer 7 and the formation of these droplets is visualized using a camera 8, as illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the particle size analyzer 7 is positioned as shown in FIG. 1 vertically so that a laser beam 9 cuts perpendicularly the plane formed by the droplets when they leave the edge of the disc . It is thus possible to determine the spatial distribution of the size of the droplets as a function of the distance to the center of the disc and of the angle of measurement. We then obtain cumulative particle size curves in volume as presented in Figure 3 (particle size as a function of the% of droplets present in the same class) highlighting the beneficial effect of vibrations on the dispersion.
  • the vibrator selected is an electrodynamic vibrator 11 operating in the frequency range 0-12000 Hz. It is associated with a conventional electric chain comprising a signal generator , an amplifier, a vibrator. The electrical parameters of voltage, frequency and intensity are then checked in the vibrator. The amplitude of the movement of the vibrator can be controlled using a displacement sensor.
  • the feed tube 4 is placed for reasons of symmetry, perpendicular to the disc and at its center.
  • the excitation frequency adopted is such that it is equal to the natural frequency of fragmentation of the liquid to be dispersed.
  • the droplets obtained are of the order of 50 micrometers.
  • droplets are obtained which can vary according to the speed and frequency of vibration from 150 to 300 micrometers with a low dispersion for a given speed and frequency.
  • the smaller the diameter of the disc the smaller the diameter of the droplets and the smaller the flow rate, with a given fluid characteristic and under the operating conditions forming jets.
  • the more one wishes to obtain droplets of small diameter the more it is necessary to increase the frequency of vibration.
  • a monodispersion can be obtained without an external vibrator, provided that capillary waves of adequate amplitude and wavelength are created by flow-disrupting means.
  • This is achieved by means of an embodiment of the invention in which one or more concentric obstacles are periodically placed on the surface of the disc, of spacing of the order of magnitude of the diameter of the droplets of the monodispersed aerosol. that one wishes to obtain, the end of the disc then forming an acute angle. If this particular distribution of disturbances on the surface of the disc is not respected, the fragmentation takes place at a variable distance from the disc and there is no monodispersion of the aerosol.
  • a concentric obstacle can take the form of singularities of the type 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d as shown in FIG. 2.
EP19910400621 1990-03-08 1991-03-07 Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von monodispergiertem Aerosol mit hohem Durchfluss Expired - Lifetime EP0446134B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9002914 1990-03-08
FR9002914A FR2659251B1 (fr) 1990-03-08 1990-03-08 Appareil generateur d'aerosols a disque tournant.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0446134A1 true EP0446134A1 (de) 1991-09-11
EP0446134B1 EP0446134B1 (de) 1994-08-03

Family

ID=9394495

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19910400621 Expired - Lifetime EP0446134B1 (de) 1990-03-08 1991-03-07 Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von monodispergiertem Aerosol mit hohem Durchfluss

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0446134B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69103179T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2659251B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6485280B1 (en) 1999-07-23 2002-11-26 Xerox Corporation Methods and apparatus for fabricating bichromal elements
FR2929136A1 (fr) * 2008-03-25 2009-10-02 Sprainnov Soc Par Actions Simp Procede et tete de pulverisation, procede et tour associes pour fabriquer un produit pulverulent

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2868707B1 (fr) 2004-04-08 2008-02-01 Jean Pierre Renaudeaux Atomiseur a disque tournant d'aerosols controles

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR687144A (fr) * 1929-12-23 1930-08-05 Kartof As Perfectionnements apportés aux procédés et dispositifs pour la pulvérisation de liquides, notamment ceux servant à la destruction de mauvaises herbes ou d'insectes
FR1021973A (fr) * 1949-08-15 1953-02-26 Siemens Ag Dispositif pour le traitement par vibrations de liquides ou de matières portées par des liquides
FR1206551A (fr) * 1958-11-10 1960-02-10 Interplanetary Res And Dev Cor Procédé et appareil pour recouvrement électrostatique
FR1300822A (fr) * 1961-06-23 1962-08-10 Sames Mach Electrostat Perfectionnements aux têtes de pulvérisation de liquides pour le revêtement d'objets
FR2599280A1 (fr) * 1986-05-28 1987-12-04 Ameliorair Sa Pulverisateur de liquide.

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR687144A (fr) * 1929-12-23 1930-08-05 Kartof As Perfectionnements apportés aux procédés et dispositifs pour la pulvérisation de liquides, notamment ceux servant à la destruction de mauvaises herbes ou d'insectes
FR1021973A (fr) * 1949-08-15 1953-02-26 Siemens Ag Dispositif pour le traitement par vibrations de liquides ou de matières portées par des liquides
FR1206551A (fr) * 1958-11-10 1960-02-10 Interplanetary Res And Dev Cor Procédé et appareil pour recouvrement électrostatique
FR1300822A (fr) * 1961-06-23 1962-08-10 Sames Mach Electrostat Perfectionnements aux têtes de pulvérisation de liquides pour le revêtement d'objets
FR2599280A1 (fr) * 1986-05-28 1987-12-04 Ameliorair Sa Pulverisateur de liquide.

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6485280B1 (en) 1999-07-23 2002-11-26 Xerox Corporation Methods and apparatus for fabricating bichromal elements
FR2929136A1 (fr) * 2008-03-25 2009-10-02 Sprainnov Soc Par Actions Simp Procede et tete de pulverisation, procede et tour associes pour fabriquer un produit pulverulent
WO2009125129A3 (fr) * 2008-03-25 2009-12-03 Sprainnov Procédé et tête de pulvérisation, procédé et appareil associés pour fabriquer un produit pulvérulent
US9352339B2 (en) 2008-03-25 2016-05-31 Sprainnov Method and pulverisation head, associated method and apparatus to manufacture a product in powder form

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0446134B1 (de) 1994-08-03
FR2659251B1 (fr) 1994-10-28
FR2659251A1 (fr) 1991-09-13
DE69103179T2 (de) 1994-12-08
DE69103179D1 (de) 1994-09-08

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