EP0445292A1 - Composition lubrifiante a modificateur de frottement solide - Google Patents
Composition lubrifiante a modificateur de frottement solide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0445292A1 EP0445292A1 EP90902573A EP90902573A EP0445292A1 EP 0445292 A1 EP0445292 A1 EP 0445292A1 EP 90902573 A EP90902573 A EP 90902573A EP 90902573 A EP90902573 A EP 90902573A EP 0445292 A1 EP0445292 A1 EP 0445292A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant
- mass
- carbon
- der
- die
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthene Chemical compound C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol trioctadecanoate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002319 Poly(methyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkenyl succinic acid Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000003831 antifriction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004525 petroleum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002023 somite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/02—Carbon; Graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
- C10M2201/042—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/251—Alcohol-fuelled engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
- C10N2040/253—Small diesel engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
- C10N2040/28—Rotary engines
Definitions
- lubricating masses with a fixed friction modifier are known. They are, for example, lubricants which contain solid disperse anti-friction substances (graphite, molybdenum disulfide, etc.) and have high anti-friction, crack and pitting-preventing properties ("Masla i prisadki dlya Floornykh i kombainovykh dvigatelei", reference book, SGArabA, ABVipper, ABVipper, Kholomonov, 1984, pp.76-84). The solids content of these lubricants is 1-5 mass% and above. These lubricants have relatively low initial wear-resistant properties and also insufficient colloid stability.
- the lubricant according to the invention is used for the lubrication of machines and mechanisms in the process of both running-in and operation.
- the lubricant is used as slippery rigid lubrication for plain bearings, guides, sliders, ball joints, chain drives and technological equipment, for example press molds. They are also used as transmission oils for highly stressed assemblies and as oils for internal combustion engines of other mechanisms.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Une composition lubrifiante à modificateur de frottement solide se compose d'une base d'huile et d'une addition de carbone hautement dispersée. L'addition représente en elle-même du carbone aggloméré, la taille des aggromérats étant comprise entre 1 et 10 nm, et contient 2,0 à 99,0 % en poids de diamant non abrasif ainsi que 1,0 à 98,0 % de graphite. Le rapport des composants exprimés en pourcentage en poids est le suivant: carbone aggloméré 0,01 à 1,0; base d'huile le solde.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SU1989/000249 WO1991004311A1 (fr) | 1989-09-21 | 1989-09-21 | Composition lubrifiante a modificateur de frottement solide |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0445292A1 true EP0445292A1 (fr) | 1991-09-11 |
Family
ID=21617559
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90902573A Withdrawn EP0445292A1 (fr) | 1989-09-21 | 1989-09-21 | Composition lubrifiante a modificateur de frottement solide |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0445292A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH04502930A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1991004311A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100395319C (zh) * | 2005-05-25 | 2008-06-18 | 李家诚 | 超分散纳米球金刚石乳化液及其制备方法 |
EP2033935A4 (fr) * | 2006-06-05 | 2013-05-29 | Central Glass Co Ltd | Procédé de préparation de dispersion liquide de nanodiamants fluorés |
US8790541B2 (en) | 2006-06-05 | 2014-07-29 | Central Glass Co., Ltd. | Method for preparing fluorinated nanodiamond liquid dispersion |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3986120B2 (ja) * | 1997-06-20 | 2007-10-03 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 内燃機関部品等性能試験用潤滑油組成物及びその製造方法 |
US7449432B2 (en) | 2006-03-07 | 2008-11-11 | Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property, Llc (Alip) | Gear oil composition containing nanomaterial |
US8507414B2 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2013-08-13 | Applied Diamond Inc. | Oil-in-water emulsion composition |
RU2457239C2 (ru) * | 2009-10-19 | 2012-07-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт углехимии и химического материаловедения Сибирского отделения Российской Академии наук (ИУХМ СО РАН) | Пластичная смазка для подшипников качения |
RU2567058C1 (ru) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-10-27 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Специальное конструкторско-технологическое бюро "Технолог" | Способ получения алмазосодержащей композиции |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4094799A (en) * | 1976-12-20 | 1978-06-13 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Solid particles-containing lubricating oil composition and method for using same |
-
1989
- 1989-09-21 EP EP90902573A patent/EP0445292A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-09-21 JP JP2502762A patent/JPH04502930A/ja active Pending
- 1989-09-21 WO PCT/SU1989/000249 patent/WO1991004311A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9104311A1 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100395319C (zh) * | 2005-05-25 | 2008-06-18 | 李家诚 | 超分散纳米球金刚石乳化液及其制备方法 |
EP2033935A4 (fr) * | 2006-06-05 | 2013-05-29 | Central Glass Co Ltd | Procédé de préparation de dispersion liquide de nanodiamants fluorés |
US8790541B2 (en) | 2006-06-05 | 2014-07-29 | Central Glass Co., Ltd. | Method for preparing fluorinated nanodiamond liquid dispersion |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1991004311A1 (fr) | 1991-04-04 |
JPH04502930A (ja) | 1992-05-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE69334137T2 (de) | Verbesserte schmierung durch mischung von borsäure mit ölen und fetten | |
DE958324C (de) | Schmieroel | |
DE1121256B (de) | Getriebeschmiermittel und Zusatzkonzentrat fuer Getriebeschmiermittel | |
DE60038606T2 (de) | Zusammensetzungen für die herstellung von wasser in öl mikroemulsionen | |
DE2912866A1 (de) | Motoroel-zubereitung | |
DE112006000200T5 (de) | Lager für eine mit einem Motor betriebene Brennstoffpumpe | |
EP2670999A2 (fr) | Matière anti-friction | |
DE4134516C2 (fr) | ||
EP0445292A1 (fr) | Composition lubrifiante a modificateur de frottement solide | |
DE68906520T2 (de) | Verfahren zur Vorbehandlung von Pulver mit festem Schmiermittel und mit Wärme zur Vorbereitung der Verdichtungsvorgänge. | |
DE69925784T2 (de) | Kraftstoffeinspritzpumpe | |
DE2944475A1 (de) | Zusatz fuer oel fuer verbrennungsmotoren | |
RU2345176C1 (ru) | Способ формирования восстанавливающего антифрикционного и износостойкого покрытия для узлов и деталей машин и механизмов | |
DE69402028T2 (de) | Kombination einer Einstellplatte und eines Nockens | |
DE3640126C2 (de) | Verschleißminderndes Mittel und Herstellungsverfahren | |
DE2145640A1 (de) | Molybdändisulfidhaltiges Schmiermittel | |
DE3151973C2 (de) | Schmiermittel | |
DE3832419A1 (de) | Schmiermittel auf schmieroelbasis zum schmieren von rotierenden und/oder gleitenden oberflaechen | |
RU2054456C1 (ru) | Антифрикционная присадка | |
RU1770350C (ru) | Смазочное масло | |
RU2149741C1 (ru) | Способ безразборного восстановления трущихся соединений | |
DE3876561T2 (de) | Schlagbestaendiger und abnutzungsbestaendiger metallischer schmierwerkstoff mit restaurierender wirkung und diesbezuegliches herstellungsverfahren. | |
CN1297065A (zh) | 摩擦部件的摩擦表面的处理方法 | |
DE102017120716A1 (de) | Automatikgetriebe-Ölzusammensetzung, welche eine Reibeigenschaft und eine Kraftstoffökonomie verbessert, sowie eine Kupplung für ein Automatikgetriebe, welches dieses aufweist | |
DE202011003324U1 (de) | Metallbeplattete multifunktionale Komposition für Motoren-, Getriebe- und Industrieöle |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19911004 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |
|
18W | Application withdrawn |
Withdrawal date: 19940510 |