Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/0094—High foaming compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives

Definitions

• the invention relates to an environmentally compatible, liquid cleaning agent.
• Liquid, foaming cleaning agents aim at the manual cleaning of hard surfaces, especially in the household, such as. B. ceramics, porcelain, glass, metal and plastic.
• the most important area of application are manual dishwashing detergents for cleaning dishes.
• the main components are sulfonates, such as. As alkylbenzenesulfonates or sec-alkanesulfonates, both combined with fatty alcohol ether sulfates or fatty alcohol sulfates (EP-A-0 112 047). Small amounts of fatty acid alkanolamides and, more rarely, oxyethylates are added. Other common ingredients are solubilizers, colors and fragrances, preservatives, etc.
• the rinsing process usually takes place at a slightly elevated temperature (30 to 50 ° C) in dilute solutions.
• a slightly elevated temperature (30 to 50 ° C)
• the skin compatibility of the detergent because of the long skin contact of the user, the skin compatibility of the detergent.
• the foaming power of the solution plays a significant role, for example in the sense that the longer the cleaning solution foams during the rinsing process, the greater its cleaning power.
• Generally recognized methods for determining the cleaning effect are a) the plate test with foaming detergents, the end point of which is determined by the foam disintegration, and b) the fat titration, as a measure of the cleaning power, both of which have very similar results (see G. Jakobi in H. Stache, Tensid Taschenbuch, 2nd edition, Kunststoff 1981, pp. 252 ff.
• Another disadvantage of the known detergents is their low skin-friendliness, since their essential components - namely the anionic surfactants of the sulfonate or sulfate type - are highly irritating to the skin.
• the object of the invention was therefore to provide a very skin-compatible cleaning agent with excellent cleaning action and moderate foaming power, the cleaning surfactant of which is largely biodegradable.
• the invention therefore relates to a liquid foaming cleaning agent consisting of
• alkyl polyglycosides in detergents and cleaning agents is known in combination with other surfactants.
• AT-PS 135 333 already describes the effect of lauryl glycoside combined with the sodium salt of ricin oil sulfuric acid ester as a wool detergent.
• U.S. Patent 3,721,633 discloses alkyl polyglycosides in combination with builder substances such as nitrilotriacetic acid or sodium tripolyphosphate, as detergents.
• EP-A-0 105 556 claims the combination of alkyl polyglycosides with fatty alcohol oxyethylates as a liquid detergent.
• detergents which contain only alkyl polyglycosides as cleaning surfactants achieve excellent cleaning effects if these alkyl polyglycosides satisfy the formula I, ie have a sufficiently hydrophobic structure. This is achieved by using fatty alcohols with relatively long hydrocarbon chains in the synthesis, the proportions of fatty alcohol to monosaccharide units being chosen so that the average degree of glycosidation (glycoside units per fatty alkyl radical) is not too high.
• the alkyl polyglycosides used according to the invention can be produced by known processes based on renewable raw materials. For example, dextrose is reacted with n-butanol to give butylpolyglycoside mixtures in the presence of an acidic catalyst, which are transglycosidated with long-chain alcohols in the presence of an acidic catalyst to give the desired alkylpolyglycoside mixtures.
• the structure of the products can be varied within certain limits.
• the alkyl radical R is determined by the choice of the long-chain alcohol.
• the industrially accessible surfactant alcohols with 10 to 18 carbon atoms, in particular native fatty alcohols from the hydrogenation of fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives.
• Ziegler alcohols or oxo alcohols can also be used.
• the polyglycosyl radical Z n is determined, on the one hand, by the selection of the carbohydrate and, on the other hand, by setting the average degree of polymerization n. B. according to DE-OS 19 43 689.
• polysaccharides e.g. B. starch, maltodextrins, dextrose, galactose, mannose, xylose, etc.
• the carbohydrates available on an industrial scale are preferred Starch, maltodextrins and especially dextrose.
• alkyl polyglycosides are always mixtures of oligomers, which in turn represent mixtures of different isomeric forms. They are present side by side with ⁇ - and ß-glycosidic bonds in pyranose and furanose form. The junctions between two Saccachrid residues are also different.
• Alkyl polyglycosides used according to the invention can also be prepared by mixing alkyl polyglycosides with alkyl monoglycosides.
• the latter can e.g. B. according to EP-A 0 092 355 using polar solvents, such as acetone, from alkyl polyglycosides.
• the degree of glycosidation is advantageously determined by means of 1 H-NMR.
• the cleaning agents according to the invention contain 3 to 40%, preferably 5 to 30%, alkyl polyglycoside in aqueous solution.
• the alkyl polyglycosides are considered to be extremely environmentally compatible.
• the degree of biodegradation for the alkyl polyglycosides according to the invention determined by means of a sewage treatment plant simulation model / DOC analysis, is 96 ⁇ 3%. This number can be seen against the background that with this test method (total degradation) a degree of degradation> 70% already indicates that the substance is readily degradable.
• the acute oral toxicity LD 50 (rat) as well as the aquatic toxicity LC 50 (gold orfe) and EC 50 (daphnia) and values of> 10,000 mg / kg, 12 or 30 mg / l are three to five times cheaper than the corresponding values of today's most important surfactants. The same applies to the skin and mucous membrane compatibility, which is particularly important for detergents.
• the alkyl polyglycosides according to the invention are obtained as an approx. 50% aqueous amber solution due to the synthesis.
• the solubility in Water is not too high due to the hydrophobic structure setting.
• solvents such as low-molecular, mono- and polyhydric alcohols and glycol ethers
• the solubility can be increased significantly, especially at low temperatures.
• Particularly suitable solvents are ethanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol-1.2, etc.
• the ratio of alkyl polyglycoside / solvent can be 1: 1 to 8: 1.
• solubility can be increased considerably, especially at low temperatures.
• Alkali and alkaline earth metal halides have proven to be suitable electrolytes.
• the ratio of solvent / electrolyte can be 1: 1 to 8: 1.
• constituents of the cleaning agents according to the invention in small amounts are conventional dyes and perfume oils, and also alkanolamines or hydrotropes, such as non-surfactant alkylbenzenesulfonates having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical - usually as sodium salts - and urea.
• Water-soluble polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, xanthans, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylate, etc., can optionally be added to adjust the viscosity.
• Citric acid, EDTA, NTA and other complexing agents have proven to be further suitable additives.
• the mini-plate test (see R.M. Anstett and E.J. Schuck JAOCS 43, 576 (1966) was carried out to test the detergent effect.
• Watch glasses loaded with grease are manually cleaned at elevated temperature with a brush in the surfactant solution.
• the test conditions (preparations, geometries, amounts and concentrations of substances, temperatures, temperature gradients, times) are precisely defined. The test is carried out by several people and provides reproducible results. Disappearing foam shows the number of cleaned plates (watch glasses). Pork lard served as soiling, which was applied to the glasses at 50.0 ° C, which are then subject to a defined cooling process to 23 ° C (room temperature). The initial rinse temperature is also 50 ° C.
• Table 1 compares the cleaning effect of individual surfactants, which increases sharply with increasing molecular hydrophobicity in the case of alkyl polyglycosides.
• Table 2 demonstrates that even a strong increase in the surfactant concentration only gives unsatisfactory cleaning effects if the alkyl polyglycoside is too hydrophilic, as in the case of Triton CG 110.
• Table 3a compares the cleaning action of the alkyl polyglycosides according to the invention with those of optimized branded products depending on the detergent concentration for a medium water hardness; Table 3b shows the analogous conditions for soft water.
• Tables 3a and 3b show the excellent cleaning action of the alkyl polyglycosides according to the invention, which, as very environmentally compatible individual surfactants in detergents, achieve an excellent cleaning action.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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Citations (5)

• 1990
  • 1990-02-26 DE DE4005959A patent/DE4005959A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1990-12-12 DE DE59010718T patent/DE59010718D1/de not_active Revoked
  • 1990-12-12 EP EP90123936A patent/EP0444267B1/fr not_active Revoked

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