EP0443669A2 - Instructive toy in form of a vehicle model to be assembled - Google Patents

Instructive toy in form of a vehicle model to be assembled Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0443669A2
EP0443669A2 EP91200313A EP91200313A EP0443669A2 EP 0443669 A2 EP0443669 A2 EP 0443669A2 EP 91200313 A EP91200313 A EP 91200313A EP 91200313 A EP91200313 A EP 91200313A EP 0443669 A2 EP0443669 A2 EP 0443669A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
unit
functional
toy according
connection means
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91200313A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0443669A3 (en
Inventor
Alessandro Quercetti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alessandro Quercetti and C Fabbrica Giocattoli Formativi SpA
Original Assignee
Alessandro Quercetti and C Fabbrica Giocattoli Formativi SpA
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Publication date
Application filed by Alessandro Quercetti and C Fabbrica Giocattoli Formativi SpA filed Critical Alessandro Quercetti and C Fabbrica Giocattoli Formativi SpA
Publication of EP0443669A2 publication Critical patent/EP0443669A2/en
Publication of EP0443669A3 publication Critical patent/EP0443669A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H17/00—Toy vehicles, e.g. with self-drive; ; Cranes, winches or the like; Accessories therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an instructive toy constituted by a decomposable model of vehicle.
  • toys constituted by models of vehicles capable of being broken down into certain constituent structural parts
  • a toy which represents an internal combustion engine comprising moving parts mounted in a transparent housing which makes it possible to observe the movements.
  • These toys have a certain instructive character as the first highlight the relative position reports of the structural parts of a vehicle and the second highlights, only for the engine, the relationships either structural or functional between its components.
  • instructive toys or didactic means capable of highlighting as a whole either the structure or the operation of all the essential components of a vehicle.
  • the object of the present invention is to produce an instructive toy, or teaching aid, in the form of a decomposable model of vehicle, which in its assembled form allows the observation of the structure and of the simulated coordinated operation of all the functional groups. essential of a real vehicle, and which also allows, in its decomposed form, to observe singularly the structure and the simulated functioning of each functional group considered in itself.
  • the toy comprises a support structure, substantially simulating the chassis of a real vehicle, provided with separable connection means, and number of functional units, each functional unit being provided with separable connection means complementary to the connection means separable from the support structure, and being further provided complementary functional connection means corresponding functional connection means belonging to the other units, each functional unit simulating an essential functional group of a real vehicle, and each functional unit comprising mobile components arranged so as to simulate the functioning of the real functional group simulated, mounted in a transparent case which allows observation.
  • the vehicle model comprises, in its assembled form, units of mobile components, which can be observed through their transparent casings, and which simulate the essential functional groups of a real vehicle, such as the engine. , the change of speed, the differential and the steering mechanism, and therefore it allows the observation either of the relative structural position of these functional groups in a real vehicle, or of their functional relationships coordinated in movement.
  • a general observation is appropriate and useful also for young people whose age is very reduced.
  • the toy used by young people of more mature age, can be broken down into its singular component units, each of which can then be observed separately in detail in its structure and in its functioning, while the operation of breaking down the model in its constituent units and to compose it again constitutes in itself an attractive and formative activity.
  • a particular formative effect can be obtained by subjecting these decomposition and composition operations to defined rules, by providing that the disassembly of the constituent units, as well as their assembly, can be carried out only according to a pre-established order which cannot be waived.
  • each constituent unit in turn, can be made so that it can be dismantled and reassembled again, thus giving greater appeal to the game also for young people whose age is much more mature.
  • the vehicle model includes: a support structure, simulating the chassis of a real vehicle and which for this reason will be referred to as the chassis unit, indicated as a whole by the number 1 and who in this case also includes steering mechanisms and steering knuckles for the application of the front steering wheels; an engine unit, indicated as a whole by the number 2, simulating the internal combustion engine of a real vehicle, applied in a removable manner on the chassis unit 1; a gear change unit, indicated as a whole by the number 3, simulating the gear change of a real vehicle, applied in a removable manner on the chassis unit 1 and operatively connected with the engine unit 2; and a differential unit, indicated as a whole by the number 4, applied in a removable manner on the chassis unit 1, functionally connected with the gear change unit 3 and comprising two half-axles for the application of the rear wheels 6, simulating the drive wheels of a real vehicle.
  • the chassis unit indicated as a whole by the number 1 and who in this case also includes steering mechanisms and steering knuckles for the application of
  • the support structure or chassis unit 1 is shown separately and in more detail in FIGS. 2 and 3. It comprises a box plate, formed by an upper plate 10 and a lower plate 11, which can be connected to one another by elements with elastic release 11 ′, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the upper plate 10 has surfaces suitable for receiving the motor unit 2, the gear change unit 3 and the differential unit 4, of which only the edges are indicated in these figures.
  • the upper plate 10 is provided with bayonet openings, respectively 12, 13 and 14, for coupling said units, the fixing of which will be described later.
  • the chassis unit 1 comprises vertical bearings 15 in which are housed the pivot pins 16 ′ of the stub axles 16 provided for mounting the front steering wheels 5, the attachment of which to the stub axles will be described later. .
  • the chassis unit also includes an inclined support 17 for a steering control 18, coupled by means of an eccentric 18 'to a transverse bar 19 articulated to the rocket carriers 16, so that the operation of the steering control 18 makes it possible to orient ( within certain limits indicated by broken lines in FIG. 2) the stub axles 16 and therefore the front steering wheels 5.
  • the engine unit 2 shown separately and in more detail in FIGS. 4 to 7, comprises a base plate 20 on which is mounted a housing 22 simulating the monoblock and the head of an internal combustion engine.
  • the housing 22 is made of a transparent material to allow the observation of the structure, relationships and movements of the internal parts.
  • the connection between the base 20 and the housing 22 can be made by means of elastic triggering elements 20 ′, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the base 20 has bayonet projections 21 capable of engaging the bayonet openings 12 of the chassis unit 1.
  • the motor unit 2 can be mounted on the chassis unit 1 by engaging the projections 21 in the openings 12 and then sliding the motor unit 2 backwards. The mounting position can then be stabilized by means of the arrangement shown in FIG. 7.
  • a lever 7 is pivoted in the chassis unit 1 and comprises at one of its ends a pusher 8 which makes it possible to lower the lever 7 against the action of an elastic appendage 7A of the lever 7.
  • the lever 7 further comprises a tooth 9 capable of being inserted in the widest part of a bayonet opening 12.
  • the transparent housing 22 includes bench supports 22 'in which a bent shaft 23 is pivoted provided with crank pins 23'. On each crank pin 23 'is pivoted a connecting rod 24 articulated to a piston 25 slidably mounted in a partially cylindrical guide part of the housing 22. On the front end of the bent shaft 23 is mounted a flywheel 26 provided with a flap 27; these parts stand out better in FIG. 1. Similarly, on the rear end of the bent shaft 23 is mounted a flywheel 28 provided with a splash 29, intended to give rise to the functional connection of the unit motor 2 with gear change unit 3.
  • the shift unit 3 shown separately and in more detail in Figures 8 to 10, comprises a base plate 30 on which is mounted a housing 32 simulating the gear change housing of a motor vehicle.
  • the housing 32 is made of a transparent material to allow the observation of the structure, relationships and movements, of the internal parts.
  • the connection between the base 30 and the housing 32 can be made by means of elastic triggering elements 30 ′, as shown in FIG. 10.
  • the base 30 has bayonet projections 31 capable of engaging the bayonet openings 13 of the chassis unit 1.
  • the shift unit 3 can be mounted on the chassis unit 1 by engaging the projections 31 in the openings 13 and then sliding the shift unit 3 backwards. The mounting position can then be stabilized by means of the arrangement shown in FIG.
  • the transparent housing 32 has two fixed bearings 32 'and 32'', and in its interior are mounted two oscillating bearings 33' and 33 '', which can be moved in the horizontal direction by means of a cam 34 'secured to an operating handle 34 disposed outside the housing 32 and which can be operated by rotating it.
  • a motor shaft 35 which carries two cogwheels 35 'and 35''and, at its front end, a flywheel 37 provided with a splash 37' complementary to the splash 29 of the flywheel 28 of the motor unit 2.
  • a driven shaft 36 which carries two toothed wheels 36 'and 36'', arranged opposite the wheels 35' and respectively 35 '' of the motor shaft 35.
  • a flywheel 38 provided with a chuck 39 is mounted on the rear end of the driven shaft 36.
  • the shafts 35 and 36 can take different relative positions in a horizontal plane.
  • the shaft 35 is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing 32, while the shaft 36 is inclined; the gear wheels 35 '' and 36 '' mesh with each other, while the gear wheels 35 'and 36' are at a certain reciprocal distance and do not mesh.
  • the gear wheels 35 'and 36' are at a certain reciprocal distance and do not mesh.
  • the shafts 35 and 36 are both inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the housing 32, and neither the gears 35 'and 36', nor the gears 35 '' and 36 '' mesh with each other.
  • the speed change unit 3 therefore forms a variator of the transmission ratio between the flywheels 37 and 38, with two different transmission reports and a mad condition.
  • the differential unit shown separately and in more detail in Figures 11 to 14, comprises a base plate 40 on which is mounted a housing 42 simulating the rear axle of a motor vehicle.
  • the housing 42 is made of a transparent material to allow the observation of the structure, relationships and movements of the internal parts.
  • the connection between the base 40 and the housing 42 can be made by means of elastic trigger elements 40 ', as shown in FIG. 14.
  • the base 40 has bayonet projections 41 capable of engaging the bayonet openings 42 of the chassis unit 1.
  • the differential unit 4 can be mounted on the chassis unit 1 by engaging the projections 41 in the openings 14 and then sliding the differential unit 4 laterally (downwards according to FIG. 2).
  • the mounting position can then be stabilized by means of the arrangement shown in Figure 14, comprising a lever 7 '' with an elastic appendage 7A '', a pusher 8 '' and a tooth 9 ''.
  • This arrangement 7 '' - 9 '' is very similar, in its structure and in its function, to arrangement 7-9 described in connection with the motor unit 2 with reference to FIG. 7, and therefore it will not be not described later.
  • the housing 42 retains in the correct position elements 43 which form several bearings arranged as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.
  • two coaxial half-axles 44 each of which carries at its internal end a toothed wheel bevel 44 'and at its outer end a spindle 44''for mounting one of the rear wheels 6 (shown, with the differential unit, in Figure 11).
  • the cage 45 is mounted on the internal ends of the coaxial shafts 44, so that it can rotate, and it carries an external conical toothed crown 45 ''.
  • the 44-45 mechanism now described forms a differential mechanical between the toothed ring gear 45 '' and the half-axles 55, driven by it in a differential manner.
  • the toothed crown 45 '' in turn meshes with a conical gear 46 'carried by the inner end of a shaft 46 mounted in a pair of coaxial bearings 43 of the housing 42.
  • a flywheel 47 provided with a flap 48, which is complementary to the flap 39 of the rear flywheel 38 of the speed change unit 3. It can be noted that all the flywheels described: 26, 28, 37, 38 and 47, can be identical between them in their construction.
  • Each rear wheel 6 has a hub 60 by means of which the wheel can be mounted on the spindle 44 '' of one of the half-axles 44 of the differential unit 4, and the wheel is shaped so as to engage, when it is mounted, with a tooth 49 of the half-axle 44, so as to be integral in rotation relative to the half-axle on which it is mounted.
  • at least one elastic lock 61 (Figure 11), and in practice there are preferably two diametrically opposite locks ( Figure 1).
  • the lock 61 is arranged so as to elastically relax in a groove in the respective half-axle 44, in order to retain the wheel in the mounting position.
  • the lock 61 nevertheless allows the disassembly of the wheel, which can be carried out by pulling the locks 61 outwards and releasing the wheel from the rocket which supports it.
  • each front wheel 5 has a hub 50 by means of which the wheel can be mounted on the stub axle 16 of the chassis unit 1.
  • the stub axle 16 is not provided with a similar tooth of the tooth 49 of the half-axle 44, so that the front wheel 5 is free to rotate on the stub axle 16 supporting it.
  • At least one latch 51 retains the wheel 5 in the correct position on the stub axle, without preventing rotation, and allows it to be dismantled.
  • the arrangement, identical to the arrangement 60-61 described for the rear wheels 6, is not described later and results only from FIG. 1. It is noted that the front wheels 5 and the rear wheels 6 can be identical from the construction point of view.
  • each of these units can be examined singularly in its structure, revealed by the transparent case, and, by turning one of the steering wheels with which each unit is provided, one can examine in detail the functional relationships between the interior components.
  • the motor unit 2 we can understand the relationship between the rotary movement of the bent shaft 23 and the alternative movements of the connecting rods 24 and the pistons 25.
  • the gear change unit 3 we can observe as the transmission is established or interrupted and the transmission ratio is changed. From the observation of the differential unit one can clarify the functioning of a mechanical differential, which is complicated in itself and could not be easily understood by intuition.
  • the disassembly of the different functional units is carried out, in the preferred embodiment described, by releasing each unit by the pressure of a pusher which can be accessed from the upper part e by the simultaneous movement of the unit in a pre-established direction.
  • the use, as a control member of the release, of a pusher which is controlled from the upper part, makes this operation considerably easy.
  • the operation of mounting the different functional units on the chassis unit is in itself a pleasant and formative activity. After that it was carried out by arranging the different units in the order and in the established manner, fixing them in their positions, and taking care to functionally couple the chopper 29 of the motor unit 2 with the chopper 37 ' of the gearshift unit 3 and the chopper 39 of the gearshift unit 3 with the chuck 48 of the differential unit 4, it is possible to observe as a whole the functional relationships of the mechanisms, from the motor to at the vehicle wheels, in the different positions of the gear change. Because this observation does not require any manual skill, it is also accessible to young people of very reduced age, who would not yet be able to carry out the dismantling and mounting operations of the functional units, operations suitable for young people in the older age.
  • the various constituent units are assembled, in turn, by the use of elements with elastic release such as 11 ', 20', 30 ', 40'. So, by releasing these elements, it is possible to disassemble each unit in its individual component elements, and then mount it again.
  • Such an operation is much more engaging than the operations concerning the decomposition and the composition of the model, described previously.
  • Such an operation can be carried out only by young people whose age is already considerably ripe, and it extends to these young people the attraction of the game, by increasing it.
  • the model under consideration which refers to an automobile having a front engine, rear traction and front steering wheels
  • the model under consideration can be modified with respect to a rear arrangement of the engine, to an anterior position of the drive wheels, to all-wheel drive on the four wheels, or even a steering character of all four wheels, as it is made in certain special vehicles.
  • the power unit which was shown by example with three cylinders in line, could have any number of cylinders, arranged in line in a vertical or horizontal plane, or else arranged in V or in star.
  • the gearshift unit could comprise more than two transmission ratios, and these different ratios could be obtained in a different way from that shown, if necessary in a more faithful way compared to reality, and this is by means of radial meshes, either by front chocks.
  • the differential unit could include mechanisms for locking the differential, as provided in all-terrain vehicles.
  • the rear axle could include two axles and / or twin wheels, as used on trucks.
  • the steering control unit which in the example is part of the chassis unit, could constitute a removable functional unit.
  • the functional coupling among the different units could be carried out in a different way from that comprising flywheels with flaps.
  • the mounting and the releasable fixing of the functional units on the chassis unit could be carried out in any way different from that described.

Abstract

The toy has a chassis (I), which stimulates the chassis of a real vehicle, to which functional units (2-4) are connected. These units are an engine (2), simulating an internal combustion engine, a gear box (3) and a differential unit (4). Each unit has mobile components and is mounted in a transparent case, so that it can be observed. The chassis and the units are connected by bayonet fixings and have teeth to lock them in the closed position. The units are connected to each other by fly wheels with coupling lugs (27,28,38,47) which can transfer movement.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un jouet instructif constitué par un modèle décomposable de véhicule.The present invention relates to an instructive toy constituted by a decomposable model of vehicle.

On connait des jouets constitués par des modèles de véhicules susceptibles d'être décomposés en certaines parties structurelles constituantes, et on connait aussi un jouet qui représente un moteur à combustion interne comprenant des parties mobiles montées dans un boîtier transparent qui permet d'en observer les mouvements. Ces jouets ont un certain caractère instructif en tant que les premiers mettent en évidence les rapports de position relative des parties structurelles d'un véhicule et le deuxième met en évidence, seulement pour le moteur, les rapports soit structurels soit fonctionnels entre ses composants. Toutefois on ne connait pas des jouets instructifs ou moyens didactiques capables de mettre en évidence dans leur ensemble soit la structure, soit le fonctionnement de tous les composants essentiels d'un véhicule.There are known toys constituted by models of vehicles capable of being broken down into certain constituent structural parts, and there is also known a toy which represents an internal combustion engine comprising moving parts mounted in a transparent housing which makes it possible to observe the movements. These toys have a certain instructive character as the first highlight the relative position reports of the structural parts of a vehicle and the second highlights, only for the engine, the relationships either structural or functional between its components. However, we do not know instructive toys or didactic means capable of highlighting as a whole either the structure or the operation of all the essential components of a vehicle.

Le but de la présente invention est de réaliser un jouet instructif, ou moyen didactique, ayant la forme d'un modèle décomposable de véhicule, qui dans sa forme assemblée permet l'observation de la structure et du fonctionnement coordonné simulé de tous les groupes fonctionnels essentiels d'un véhicule réel, et qui de plus permet aussi, dans sa forme décomposée, d'observer singulièrement la structure et le fonctionnement simulé de chaque groupe fonctionnel considéré en soi.The object of the present invention is to produce an instructive toy, or teaching aid, in the form of a decomposable model of vehicle, which in its assembled form allows the observation of the structure and of the simulated coordinated operation of all the functional groups. essential of a real vehicle, and which also allows, in its decomposed form, to observe singularly the structure and the simulated functioning of each functional group considered in itself.

Ce but est atteint, suivant l'invention, principalement en ce que le jouet comporte une structure de support, substantiellement simulant le châssis d'un véhicule réel, pourvue de moyens de connexion séparables, et nombre d'unités fonctionnelles, chaque unité fonctionnelle étant pourvue de moyens de connexion séparables complémentaires des moyens de connexion séparables de la structure de support, et étant pourvue en outre de moyens de connexion fonctionnelle complémentaires de moyens correspondants de connexion fonctionnelle appartenant aux autres unités, chaque unité fonctonnelle simulant un groupe fonctionnel essentiel d'un véhicule réel, et chaque unité fonctionnelle comprenant des composants mobiles disposés de sorte à simuler le fonctionnement du groupe fonctionnel réel simulé, montés dans un boîtier transparent qui en permet l'observation.This object is achieved, according to the invention, mainly in that the toy comprises a support structure, substantially simulating the chassis of a real vehicle, provided with separable connection means, and number of functional units, each functional unit being provided with separable connection means complementary to the connection means separable from the support structure, and being further provided complementary functional connection means corresponding functional connection means belonging to the other units, each functional unit simulating an essential functional group of a real vehicle, and each functional unit comprising mobile components arranged so as to simulate the functioning of the real functional group simulated, mounted in a transparent case which allows observation.

Du fait de ces caractéristiques, le modèle de véhicule comporte, dans sa forme assemblée, des unités de composants mobiles, qui peuvent être observés à travers leurs boîtiers transparents, et qui simulent les groupes fonctionnels essentiels d'un véhicule réel, tels que le moteur, le changement de vitesse, le différentiel et le mécanisme de direction, et donc il autorise l'observation soit de la position structurelle relative de ces groupes fonctionnels dans un véhicule réel, soit de leurs rapports fonctionnels coordonnés dans le mouvement. Une telle observation d'ensemble est appropriée et utile aussi pour des jeunes gens dont l'âge est très réduit. De plus le jouet, employé par des jeunes gens d'âge plus mûr, peut être décomposé dans ses unités composantes singulières, chacune desquelles peut être alors observée séparément en détail dans sa structure et dans son fonctionnement, tandis que l'opération de décomposer le modèle dans ses unités constituantes et de le composer à nouveau constitue en soi une activité attrayante et formative. Un effet formatif particulier peut être obtenu en soumettant ces opérations de décomposition et de composition à des règles définies, en prévoyant que le démontage des unités constituantes, ainsi que leur montage, puissent être effectués seulement suivant un ordre préétabli auquel on ne peut pas déroger.Owing to these characteristics, the vehicle model comprises, in its assembled form, units of mobile components, which can be observed through their transparent casings, and which simulate the essential functional groups of a real vehicle, such as the engine. , the change of speed, the differential and the steering mechanism, and therefore it allows the observation either of the relative structural position of these functional groups in a real vehicle, or of their functional relationships coordinated in movement. Such a general observation is appropriate and useful also for young people whose age is very reduced. In addition the toy, used by young people of more mature age, can be broken down into its singular component units, each of which can then be observed separately in detail in its structure and in its functioning, while the operation of breaking down the model in its constituent units and to compose it again constitutes in itself an attractive and formative activity. A particular formative effect can be obtained by subjecting these decomposition and composition operations to defined rules, by providing that the disassembly of the constituent units, as well as their assembly, can be carried out only according to a pre-established order which cannot be waived.

De plus chaque unité constituante, à son tour, peut être réalisée de sorte à pouvoir être démontée et montée à nouveau, ainsi donnant plus grande attractive au jeu aussi pour des jeunes gens dont l'âge est bien plus mûr.In addition, each constituent unit, in turn, can be made so that it can be dismantled and reassembled again, thus giving greater appeal to the game also for young people whose age is much more mature.

Ces caractéristiques et d'autres et les avantages de l'objet de l'invention ressortiront plus clairement de la suivante description d'un mode de réalisation ayant le caractère d'un exemple non limitatif, représenté schématiquement dans les dessins annexés, dans plusieurs desquels des parties ont été omises ou bien représentées par leur pourtour seulement, à l'avantage de la clarté de représentation. Dans les dessins:

  • Fig. 1 montre en perspective isométrique un mode de réalisation du modèle de véhicule suivant l'invention, dans son ensemble;
  • Fig. 2 est une vue en plan de la structure de support du modèle, simulant le châssis d'un véhicule réel, avec l'indication du pourtour des différentes unités fonctionnelles destinées à y être appliquées;
  • Fig. 3 en est une représentation similaire de celle de la figure 2, en vue en élévation latérale avec certaines parties sectionnées;
  • Figs. 4, 5 et 6 montrent, respectivement en plan, en élévation latérale et en une section transversale verticale, l'unité simulant le moteur à combustion interne d'un véhicule réel;
  • Fig. 7 montre le moyen de fixation de l'unité simulant le moteur sur la structure de support;
  • Figs. 8 et 9 montrent, respectivement en plan et en élévation latérale, l'unité simulant le changement de vitesse d'un véhicule réel;
  • Fig. 10 montre le moyen de fixation de l'unité simulant le changement de vitesse sur la structure de support;
  • Figs. 11 et 12 montrent, respectivement en plan et en élévation frontale, l'unité simulant le différentiel d'un véhicule réel;
  • Fig. 13 montre un détail de la réalisation d'un coussinet de support d'un demi-essieu du différentiel; et
  • Fig. 14 montre le moyen de fixation de l'unité simulant le différentiel sur la structure de support.
These and other features and benefits of the subject of the invention will emerge more clearly from the following description of an embodiment having the character of a nonlimiting example, represented schematically in the appended drawings, in several of which parts have been omitted or else represented only by their periphery, with the advantage of clarity of representation. In the drawings:
  • Fig. 1 shows in isometric perspective an embodiment of the vehicle model according to the invention, as a whole;
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the support structure of the model, simulating the chassis of a real vehicle, with the indication of the periphery of the various functional units intended to be applied thereto;
  • Fig. 3 is a representation similar to that of FIG. 2, in side elevation view with certain sections cut off;
  • Figs. 4, 5 and 6 show, respectively in plan, in side elevation and in a vertical cross section, the unit simulating the internal combustion engine of a real vehicle;
  • Fig. 7 shows the means for fixing the unit simulating the engine on the support structure;
  • Figs. 8 and 9 show, respectively in plan and in side elevation, the unit simulating the change of speed of a real vehicle;
  • Fig. 10 shows the means for fixing the unit simulating the speed change on the support structure;
  • Figs. 11 and 12 show, respectively in plan and in front elevation, the unit simulating the differential of a real vehicle;
  • Fig. 13 shows a detail of the production of a support cushion for a differential half-axle; and
  • Fig. 14 shows the means of fixing the unit simulating the differential on the support structure.

Faisant référence d'abord à la figure 1, on remarque que le modèle de véhicule comporte: une structure de support, simulant le châssis d'un véhicule réel et qui pour cette raison sera désignée ensuite comme unité châssis, indiquée dans son ensemble par le numéro 1 et qui, dans ce cas, comprend aussi les mécanismes de direction et les porte-fusées pour l'application des roues antérieures 5 directrices; une unité moteur, indiquée dans son ensemble par le numéro 2, simulant le moteur à combustion interne d'un véhicule réel, appliquée de façon démontable sur l'unité châssis 1; une unité changement de vitesse, indiquée dans son ensemble par le numéro 3, simulant le changement de vitesse d'un véhicule réel, appliquée de façon démontable sur l'unité châssis 1 et connectée fonctionnellement avec l'unité moteur 2; et une unité différentiel, indiquée dans son ensemble par le numéro 4, appliquée de façon démontable sur l'unité châssis 1, connectée fonctionnellement avec l'unité changement de vitesse 3 et comportant deux demi-essieux pour l'application des roues postérieures 6, simulant les roues motrices d'un véhicule réel.Referring first to Figure 1, we note that the vehicle model includes: a support structure, simulating the chassis of a real vehicle and which for this reason will be referred to as the chassis unit, indicated as a whole by the number 1 and who in this case also includes steering mechanisms and steering knuckles for the application of the front steering wheels; an engine unit, indicated as a whole by the number 2, simulating the internal combustion engine of a real vehicle, applied in a removable manner on the chassis unit 1; a gear change unit, indicated as a whole by the number 3, simulating the gear change of a real vehicle, applied in a removable manner on the chassis unit 1 and operatively connected with the engine unit 2; and a differential unit, indicated as a whole by the number 4, applied in a removable manner on the chassis unit 1, functionally connected with the gear change unit 3 and comprising two half-axles for the application of the rear wheels 6, simulating the drive wheels of a real vehicle.

La structure de support ou unité châssis 1 est représentée séparément et plus en détail dans les figures 2 et 3. Elle comporte une plaque en boîte, formée par une plaque supérieure 10 et une plaque inférieure 11, qui peuvent être connectées entr'elles par des éléments à déclenchement élastique 11', comme le montre la figure 3. La plaque supérieure 10 comporte des surfaces appropriées pour recevoir l'unité moteur 2, l'unité changement de vitesse 3 et l'unité différentiel 4, desquelles seulement les pourtours sont indiqués dans ces figures. La plaque supérieure 10 est pourvue d'ouvertures en baïonnette, respectivement 12, 13 et 14, pour l'accouplement desdites unités, dont la fixation sera décrite plus avant. De plus, l'unité châssis 1 comporte des coussinets verticaux 15 dans lesquels sont logés les tourillons d'orientation 16' des porte-fusées 16 prévus pour le montage des roues antérieures 5 directrices, dont la fixation aux porte-fusées sera décrite plus avant. L'unité châssis comporte encore un support incliné 17 pour une commande de direction 18, couplé moyennant un excentrique 18' à une barre transversale 19 articulée aux porte-fusées 16, de sorte que la manoeuvre du commande de direction 18 permet d'orienter (dans certaines limites indiquées par des lignes interrompues dans la figure 2) les porte-fusées 16 et donc les roues antérieures 5 directrices.The support structure or chassis unit 1 is shown separately and in more detail in FIGS. 2 and 3. It comprises a box plate, formed by an upper plate 10 and a lower plate 11, which can be connected to one another by elements with elastic release 11 ′, as shown in FIG. 3. The upper plate 10 has surfaces suitable for receiving the motor unit 2, the gear change unit 3 and the differential unit 4, of which only the edges are indicated in these figures. The upper plate 10 is provided with bayonet openings, respectively 12, 13 and 14, for coupling said units, the fixing of which will be described later. In addition, the chassis unit 1 comprises vertical bearings 15 in which are housed the pivot pins 16 ′ of the stub axles 16 provided for mounting the front steering wheels 5, the attachment of which to the stub axles will be described later. . The chassis unit also includes an inclined support 17 for a steering control 18, coupled by means of an eccentric 18 'to a transverse bar 19 articulated to the rocket carriers 16, so that the operation of the steering control 18 makes it possible to orient ( within certain limits indicated by broken lines in FIG. 2) the stub axles 16 and therefore the front steering wheels 5.

L'unité moteur 2, représentée séparément et plus en détail dans les figures 4 à 7, comporte une plaque de base 20 sur laquelle est monté un boîtier 22 simulant le monobloc et la tête d'un moteur à combustion interne. Le boîtier 22 est réalisé en un matériau transparent pour permettre l'observation de la structure, des relations et des mouvements des parties internes. La connexion entre la base 20 et le boîtier 22 peut être faite moyennant des éléments à déclenchement élastique 20', comme le montre la figure 7. La base 20 comporte des saillies en baïonnette 21 capables d'engager les ouvertures en baïonnette 12 de l'unité châssis 1. L'unité moteur 2 peut être montée sur l'unité châssis 1 en engageant les saillies 21 dans les ouvertures 12 et ensuite faisant glisser l'unité moteur 2 vers l'arrière. La position de montage peut être ensuite stabilisée moyennant la disposition montrée dans la figure 7. Un levier 7 est pivoté dans l'unité châssis 1 et comporte à l'une de ses extrémités un poussoir 8 qui permet de baisser le levier 7 contre l'action d'une appendice élastique 7A du levier 7. Le levier 7 comporte de plus une dent 9 capable de s'insérer dans la partie la plus large d'une ouverture en baïonnette 12. Par cette disposition la dent 9 portée par le levier 7 est repoussée élastiquement lorsque l'unité moteur 2 est insérée par ses saillies 21 dans les ouvertures 12 de l'unité châssis 1, mais après que l'unité moteur 2 a été déplacée vers l'arrière, dans sa position définitive, la dent 9 revient élastiquement en dessus sous la poussée de l'appendice élastique 7A, ainsi empêchant tout déplacement en avant de l'unité moteur 2. Celle-ci, donc, ne peut pas se détacher par accident de l'unité châssis 1. Toutefois il est toujours possible de démonter volontairement l'unité moteur 2. Cela se fait en baissant le poussoir 8, lequel à son tour fait baisser la dent 9, ainsi autorisant un déplacement en avant de l'unité moteur 2 pour dégager les saillies 21 des ouvertures en baïonnette 12.The engine unit 2, shown separately and in more detail in FIGS. 4 to 7, comprises a base plate 20 on which is mounted a housing 22 simulating the monoblock and the head of an internal combustion engine. The housing 22 is made of a transparent material to allow the observation of the structure, relationships and movements of the internal parts. The connection between the base 20 and the housing 22 can be made by means of elastic triggering elements 20 ′, as shown in FIG. 7. The base 20 has bayonet projections 21 capable of engaging the bayonet openings 12 of the chassis unit 1. The motor unit 2 can be mounted on the chassis unit 1 by engaging the projections 21 in the openings 12 and then sliding the motor unit 2 backwards. The mounting position can then be stabilized by means of the arrangement shown in FIG. 7. A lever 7 is pivoted in the chassis unit 1 and comprises at one of its ends a pusher 8 which makes it possible to lower the lever 7 against the action of an elastic appendage 7A of the lever 7. The lever 7 further comprises a tooth 9 capable of being inserted in the widest part of a bayonet opening 12. By this arrangement the tooth 9 carried by the lever 7 is pushed back elastically when the motor unit 2 is inserted by its projections 21 into the openings 12 of the chassis unit 1, but after the motor unit 2 has been moved rearward, in its final position, the tooth 9 returns elastically above under the thrust of the elastic appendage 7A, thus preventing any displacement in front of the motor unit 2. The latter, therefore, cannot be detached by accident from the chassis unit 1. However, it is still possible demon voluntarily ter the motor unit 2. This is done by lowering the pusher 8, which in turn lowers the tooth 9, thereby authorizing a displacement in front of the motor unit 2 to release the projections 21 from the bayonet openings 12.

Le boîtier transparent 22 comporte des supports de banc 22' dans lesquels est pivoté un arbre coudé 23 pourvu de tourillons de manivelle 23'. Sur chaque tourillon de manivelle 23' est pivotée une bielle 24 articulée à un piston 25 monté de façon glissante dans une partie de guidage, partiellement cylindrique, du boîtier 22. Sur l'extrémité antérieure de l'arbre coudé 23 est monté un volant 26 pourvu d'un clabot 27; ces parties ressortent mieux par la figure 1. D'une façon similaire, sur l'extrémité postérieure de l'arbre coudé 23 est monté un volant 28 pourvu d'un clabot 29, destiné à donner lieu à la connexion fonctionnelle de l'unité moteur 2 avec l'unité changement de vitesse 3.The transparent housing 22 includes bench supports 22 'in which a bent shaft 23 is pivoted provided with crank pins 23'. On each crank pin 23 'is pivoted a connecting rod 24 articulated to a piston 25 slidably mounted in a partially cylindrical guide part of the housing 22. On the front end of the bent shaft 23 is mounted a flywheel 26 provided with a flap 27; these parts stand out better in FIG. 1. Similarly, on the rear end of the bent shaft 23 is mounted a flywheel 28 provided with a splash 29, intended to give rise to the functional connection of the unit motor 2 with gear change unit 3.

L'unité changement de vitesse 3, représentée séparément et plus en détail dans les figures 8 à 10, comprend une plaque de base 30 sur laquelle est monté un boîtier 32 simulant le boîtier du changement de vitesse d'un véhicule à moteur. Le boîtier 32 est réalisé en un matériau transparent pour permettre l'observation de la structure, des relations et des mouvement, des parties internes. La connexion entre la base 30 et le boîtier 32 peut être faite moyennant des éléments à déclenchement élastique 30', comme le montre la figure 10. La base 30 comporte des saillies en baïonnette 31 capables d'engager les ouvertures en baïonnette 13 de l'unité châssis 1. L'unité changement de vitesse 3 peut être montée sur l'unité châssis 1 en engageant les saillies 31 dans les ouvertures 13 et ensuite faisant glisser l'unité changement de vitesse 3 vers l'arrière. La position de montage peut être ensuite stabilisée moyennant la disposition montrée dans la figure 10, comportant un levier 7' avec une appendice élastique 7A', un poussoir 8' et une dent 9'. Cette disposition 7'-9' est du tout similaire, soit pour la structure que pour le fonctionnement, de la disposition 7-9 décrite à propos de l'unité moteur 2 avec référence à la figure 7, et pour cette raison elle ne sera pas décrite ultérieurement.The shift unit 3, shown separately and in more detail in Figures 8 to 10, comprises a base plate 30 on which is mounted a housing 32 simulating the gear change housing of a motor vehicle. The housing 32 is made of a transparent material to allow the observation of the structure, relationships and movements, of the internal parts. The connection between the base 30 and the housing 32 can be made by means of elastic triggering elements 30 ′, as shown in FIG. 10. The base 30 has bayonet projections 31 capable of engaging the bayonet openings 13 of the chassis unit 1. The shift unit 3 can be mounted on the chassis unit 1 by engaging the projections 31 in the openings 13 and then sliding the shift unit 3 backwards. The mounting position can then be stabilized by means of the arrangement shown in FIG. 10, comprising a lever 7 'with an elastic appendage 7A', a pusher 8 'and a tooth 9'. This arrangement 7'-9 'is very similar, both for the structure and for the operation, of the arrangement 7-9 described in connection with the motor unit 2 with reference to FIG. 7, and for this reason it will not be not described later.

Le boîtier transparent 32 comporte deux coussinets fixes 32' et 32'', et dans son intérieur sont montés deux coussinets oscillants 33' et 33'', qui peuvent être déplacés en direction horizontale moyennant une came 34' solidaire d'une poignée de manoeuvre 34 disposée hors du boîtier 32 et qui peut être manoeuvrée en la faisant tourner. Dans les coussinets 32' et 33' est pivoté un arbre moteur 35 qui porte deux roues dentées 35' et 35'' et, à son extrémité antérieure, un volant 37 pourvu d'un clabot 37' complémentaire du clabot 29 du volant 28 de l'unité moteur 2. Dans les coussinets 32'' et 33'' est pivoté un arbre mené 36 qui porte deux roues dentées 36' et 36'', disposées en face aux roues 35' et respectivement 35'' de l'arbre moteur 35. Un volant 38 pourvu d'un clabot 39 est monté sur l'extrémité postérieure de l'arbre mené 36.The transparent housing 32 has two fixed bearings 32 'and 32'', and in its interior are mounted two oscillating bearings 33' and 33 '', which can be moved in the horizontal direction by means of a cam 34 'secured to an operating handle 34 disposed outside the housing 32 and which can be operated by rotating it. In the bearings 32 'and 33' is pivoted a motor shaft 35 which carries two cogwheels 35 'and 35''and, at its front end, a flywheel 37 provided with a splash 37' complementary to the splash 29 of the flywheel 28 of the motor unit 2. In the bearings 32 '' and 33 '' is pivoted a driven shaft 36 which carries two toothed wheels 36 'and 36'', arranged opposite the wheels 35' and respectively 35 '' of the motor shaft 35. A flywheel 38 provided with a chuck 39 is mounted on the rear end of the driven shaft 36.

En fonction de la position impartie aux coussinets 33' et 33'' par la came 34', dont la position est réglée moyennant la poignée 34, les arbres 35 et 36 peuvent prendre des positions relatives différentes dans un plan horizonal. Dans la position représentée dans la figure 8, l'arbre 35 est parallèle de l'axe longitudinal du boîtier 32, tandis que l'arbre 36 est incliné; les roues dentées 35'' et 36'' s'engrènent entr'elles, tandis que les roues dentées 35' et 36' se trouvent à une certaine distance réciproque et ne s'engrènent pas. On réalise ainsi entre les arbres 35 et 36 un rapport de transmission qui dépend des diamètres primitifs des roues dentées 35'' et 36'', rapport qui dans ce cas est de multiplication. Si l'on fait tourner la came 34' de 180°, les positions des arbres 35 et 36 se changent entr'elles; l'arbre 36 se dispose parallèle de l'axe longitudinal du boîtier 32, tandis que l'arbre 35 est maintenant incliné. Par conséquent s'engrènent entr'elles les roues dentées 35' et 36' et non plus les roues dentées 35'' et 36'', et entre les arbres 35 et 36 on réalise un rapport de transmission qui dépend des diamètres primitifs des roues dentées 35' et 36', rapport qui dans ce cas est de démultiplication. Dans les deux positions possibles de la poignée 34 et de la came 34', tournées de 90° dans l'une ou l'autre direction par rapport à la position représentée dans la figure 8, les arbres 35 et 36 sont inclinés tous les deux par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du boîtier 32, et ni les roues dentées 35' et 36', ni les roues dentées 35'' et 36'' ne s'engrènent entr'elles. On realise ainsi une condition de changement de vitesse en folle, et il n'y a pas de transmission entre les arbres 35 et 36. L'unité changement de vitesse 3 forme donc un variateur du rapport de transmission entre les volants 37 et 38, avec deux rapports de transmission différents et une condition de folle.Depending on the position imparted to the bearings 33 'and 33''by the cam 34', the position of which is adjusted by means of the handle 34, the shafts 35 and 36 can take different relative positions in a horizontal plane. In the position shown in Figure 8, the shaft 35 is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing 32, while the shaft 36 is inclined; the gear wheels 35 '' and 36 '' mesh with each other, while the gear wheels 35 'and 36' are at a certain reciprocal distance and do not mesh. There is thus produced between the shafts 35 and 36 a transmission ratio which depends on the pitch diameters of the toothed wheels 35 '' and 36 '', a ratio which in this case is multiplication. If the cam 34 'is rotated 180 °, the positions of the shafts 35 and 36 change between them; the shaft 36 is arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing 32, while the shaft 35 is now inclined. Consequently, the gear wheels 35 'and 36' mesh with each other and no longer the gear wheels 35 '' and 36 '', and between the shafts 35 and 36 a transmission ratio is produced which depends on the original diameters of the wheels. toothed 35 'and 36', ratio which in this case is of reduction. In the two possible positions of the handle 34 and of the cam 34 ′, rotated by 90 ° in one or the other direction relative to the position shown in FIG. 8, the shafts 35 and 36 are both inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the housing 32, and neither the gears 35 'and 36', nor the gears 35 '' and 36 '' mesh with each other. We thus realize a condition of mad speed change, and there is no transmission between the shafts 35 and 36. The speed change unit 3 therefore forms a variator of the transmission ratio between the flywheels 37 and 38, with two different transmission reports and a mad condition.

Le groupe différentiel, représenté séparément et plus en détail dans les figures 11 à 14, comporte une plaque de base 40 sur laquelle est monté un boîtier 42 simulant le train postérieur d'un véhicule à moteur. Le boîtier 42 est réalisé en un matériau transparent pour permettre l'observation de la structure, des relations et des mouvements des parties internes. La connexion entre la base 40 et le boîtier 42 peut être faite moyennant des éléments à déclenchement élastique 40', comme le montre la figure 14. La base 40 comporte des saillies en baïonnette 41 capables d'engager les ouvertures en baïonnette 42 de l'unité châssis 1. L'unité différentiel 4 peut être montée sur l'unité châssis 1 en engageant les saillies 41 dans les ouvertures 14 et ensuite faisant glisser l'unité différentiel 4 latéralement (vers le bas suivant la figure 2). La position de montage peut être ensuite stabilisée moyennant la disposition montrée dans la figure 14, comprenant un levier 7'' avec une appendice élastique 7A'', un poussoir 8'' et une dent 9''. Cette disposition 7''-9'' est du tout similaire, dans sa structure et dans sa fonction, de la disposition 7-9 décrite à propos de l'unité moteur 2 avec référence à la figure 7, et par conséquent elle ne sera pas décrite ultérieurement.The differential unit, shown separately and in more detail in Figures 11 to 14, comprises a base plate 40 on which is mounted a housing 42 simulating the rear axle of a motor vehicle. The housing 42 is made of a transparent material to allow the observation of the structure, relationships and movements of the internal parts. The connection between the base 40 and the housing 42 can be made by means of elastic trigger elements 40 ', as shown in FIG. 14. The base 40 has bayonet projections 41 capable of engaging the bayonet openings 42 of the chassis unit 1. The differential unit 4 can be mounted on the chassis unit 1 by engaging the projections 41 in the openings 14 and then sliding the differential unit 4 laterally (downwards according to FIG. 2). The mounting position can then be stabilized by means of the arrangement shown in Figure 14, comprising a lever 7 '' with an elastic appendage 7A '', a pusher 8 '' and a tooth 9 ''. This arrangement 7 '' - 9 '' is very similar, in its structure and in its function, to arrangement 7-9 described in connection with the motor unit 2 with reference to FIG. 7, and therefore it will not be not described later.

Le boîtier 42 retient en position correcte des éléments 43 qui forment plusieurs coussinets disposés comme le montrent les figures 11 et 12. En deux paires coaxiaux de ces coussinets sont montés deux demi-essieux 44 coaxiaux, chacun desquels porte à son extrémité interne une roue dentée conique 44' et à son extrémité externe une fusée 44'' pour le montage de l'une des roues postérieures 6 (représentées, avec l'unité différentiel, dans la figure 11). Avec les deux roues dentées coniques 44', faisant face l'une l'autre, s'engrène une roue dentée conique 45' dont l'axe est perpendiculier de l'axe commun des roues dentées coniques 44' et est supporté par une cage 45 de sorte à pouvoir tourner. La cage 45 est montée sur les extrémités internes des arbres coaxiaux 44, de sorte à pouvoir tourner, et elle porte une couronne dentée conique externe 45''. Le mécanisme 44-45 maintenant décrit forme un différentiel mécanique entre la couronne dentée 45'' motrice et les demi-essieux 55, menés par elle d'une façon différentielle. La couronne dentée 45'' s'engrène à son tour avec une roue dentée conique 46' portée par l'extrémité interne d'un arbre 46 monté dans un paire de coussinets coaxiaux 43 du boîtier 42. Sur l'extrémité externe de l'arbre 46 est monté un volant 47 pourvu d'un clabot 48, qui est complémentaire du clabot 39 du volant postérieur 38 de l'unité changement de vitesse 3. On peut remarquer que tous les volants décrits: 26, 28, 37, 38 et 47, peuvent être identiques entr'eux dans leur construction.The housing 42 retains in the correct position elements 43 which form several bearings arranged as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. In two coaxial pairs of these bearings are mounted two coaxial half-axles 44, each of which carries at its internal end a toothed wheel bevel 44 'and at its outer end a spindle 44''for mounting one of the rear wheels 6 (shown, with the differential unit, in Figure 11). With the two bevel gears 44 ', facing each other, mesh a bevel gear 45' whose axis is perpendicular to the common axis of the bevel gears 44 'and is supported by a cage 45 so that it can rotate. The cage 45 is mounted on the internal ends of the coaxial shafts 44, so that it can rotate, and it carries an external conical toothed crown 45 ''. The 44-45 mechanism now described forms a differential mechanical between the toothed ring gear 45 '' and the half-axles 55, driven by it in a differential manner. The toothed crown 45 '' in turn meshes with a conical gear 46 'carried by the inner end of a shaft 46 mounted in a pair of coaxial bearings 43 of the housing 42. On the outer end of the shaft 46 is mounted a flywheel 47 provided with a flap 48, which is complementary to the flap 39 of the rear flywheel 38 of the speed change unit 3. It can be noted that all the flywheels described: 26, 28, 37, 38 and 47, can be identical between them in their construction.

Chaque roue postérieure 6 comporte un moyeu 60 moyennant lequel la roue peut être montée sur la fusée 44'' de l'un des demi-essieux 44 de l'unité différentiel 4, et la roue est conformée de sorte à engager, lorsqu'elle est montée, avec une dent 49 du demi-essieu 44, de sorte à être solidaire en rotation par rapport au demi-essieu sur lequel elle est montée. De plus, dans chaque roue est prévu au moins un verrou elastique 61 (figure 11), et en pratique on a de préférence deux verrous diamétralement opposés (figure 1). Le verrou 61 est disposé de sorte à se détendre élastiquement en une gorge du demi-essieu 44 respectif, afin de retenir la roue en position de montage. Le verrou 61 autorise toutefois le démontage de la roue, qui peut être effectué en tirant les verrous 61 vers l'extérieur et en dégageant la roue de la fusée qui la supporte.Each rear wheel 6 has a hub 60 by means of which the wheel can be mounted on the spindle 44 '' of one of the half-axles 44 of the differential unit 4, and the wheel is shaped so as to engage, when it is mounted, with a tooth 49 of the half-axle 44, so as to be integral in rotation relative to the half-axle on which it is mounted. In addition, in each wheel is provided at least one elastic lock 61 (Figure 11), and in practice there are preferably two diametrically opposite locks (Figure 1). The lock 61 is arranged so as to elastically relax in a groove in the respective half-axle 44, in order to retain the wheel in the mounting position. The lock 61 nevertheless allows the disassembly of the wheel, which can be carried out by pulling the locks 61 outwards and releasing the wheel from the rocket which supports it.

D'une manière similaire, chaque roue antérieure 5 comporte un moyeu 50 moyennant lequel la roue peut être montée sur la porte-fusée 16 de l'unité châssis 1. La porte-fusée 16 n'est pas pourvue d'une dent similaire de la dent 49 du demi-essieu 44, de sorte que la roue antérieure 5 est libre de tourner sur la porte-fusée 16 la supportant. Au moins un verrou 51 retient la roue 5 en position correcte sur la porte-fusée, sans en empêcher la rotation, et autorise son démontage. La disposition, identique de la disposition 60-61 décrite pour les roues postérieures 6, n'est pas décrite ultérieurement et résulte seulement de la figure 1. On remarque que les roues antérieures 5 et les roues postérieures 6 peuvent être identiques entr'elles du point de vue de la construction.Similarly, each front wheel 5 has a hub 50 by means of which the wheel can be mounted on the stub axle 16 of the chassis unit 1. The stub axle 16 is not provided with a similar tooth of the tooth 49 of the half-axle 44, so that the front wheel 5 is free to rotate on the stub axle 16 supporting it. At least one latch 51 retains the wheel 5 in the correct position on the stub axle, without preventing rotation, and allows it to be dismantled. The arrangement, identical to the arrangement 60-61 described for the rear wheels 6, is not described later and results only from FIG. 1. It is noted that the front wheels 5 and the rear wheels 6 can be identical from the construction point of view.

Quand le modèle de véhicule est décomposé en ses unités composantes décrites, chacune de ces unités peut être examinée singulièrement dans sa strucure, révélée par le boîtier transparent, et, en faisant tourner l'un des volants dont chaque unité est pourvue, on peut examiner en détail les rapports fonctionnels entre les composants intérieurs. En particulier, de l'unité moteur 2 on peut comprendre le rapport entre le mouvement rotatoire de l'arbre coudé 23 et les mouvements alternatifs des bielles 24 et des pistons 25. De l'unité changement de vitesse 3 on peut observer comme la transmission est établie ou interrompue et comme le rapport de transmission est modifié. De l'observation de l'unité différentiel on peut éclaircir le fonctionnement d'un différentiel mécanique, qui est compliqué en soi et ne pourrait pas être facilement compris par intuition.When the vehicle model is broken down into its described component units, each of these units can be examined singularly in its structure, revealed by the transparent case, and, by turning one of the steering wheels with which each unit is provided, one can examine in detail the functional relationships between the interior components. In particular, from the motor unit 2 we can understand the relationship between the rotary movement of the bent shaft 23 and the alternative movements of the connecting rods 24 and the pistons 25. From the gear change unit 3 we can observe as the transmission is established or interrupted and the transmission ratio is changed. From the observation of the differential unit one can clarify the functioning of a mechanical differential, which is complicated in itself and could not be easily understood by intuition.

On doit remarquer que le démontage des différentes unités fonctionnelles est effectué, dans le mode de réalisation préféré décrit, en dégageant chaque unité par la pression d'un poussoir auquel on peut accéder de la partie supérieure e par le déplacement simultané de l'unité en une direction préétablie. L'emploi, comme organe de commande du dégagement, d'un poussoir qu'on commande de la partie supérieure, rend considérablement facile cette opération.It should be noted that the disassembly of the different functional units is carried out, in the preferred embodiment described, by releasing each unit by the pressure of a pusher which can be accessed from the upper part e by the simultaneous movement of the unit in a pre-established direction. The use, as a control member of the release, of a pusher which is controlled from the upper part, makes this operation considerably easy.

On doit aussi remarquer que, par la disposition indiquée, la présence de chaque unité empêche le dégagement des unités situées derrière l'unité considérée. De ce fait, le démontage des différentes unités est possible seulement en commençant par l'unité moteur et procédant ensuite chaque fois avec l'unité successive, tandis qu'un ordre inversé doit être respecté lorsqu'on compose à nouveau le modèle. L'effet de ce lien est utile et formatif en tant que'il accoutume à suivir on ordre logique et prééabli dans l'execution des opérations.It should also be noted that, by the arrangement indicated, the presence of each unit prevents the disengagement of the units located behind the unit in question. Therefore, the disassembly of the different units is only possible starting with the engine unit and then proceeding each time with the successive unit, while a reverse order must be observed when composing the model again. The effect of this link is useful and formative as it accustoms to following a logical and pre-established order in the execution of operations.

L'opération de montage des différentes unités fonctionnelles sur l'unité châssis est en soi une activité agréable et formative. Après qu'on l'a exécutée en disposant les différentes unités dans l'ordre et de la façon établie, en les fixant dans leurs positions, et en prenant soin de coupler fonctionnellement le clabot 29 de l'unité moteur 2 avec le clabot 37' de l'unité changement de vitesse 3 et le clabot 39 de l'unité changement de vitesse 3 avec le clabot 48 de l'unité différentiel 4, il est possible d'observer dans leur ensemble les rapports fonctionnels des mécanismes, du moteur jusqu'aux roues du véhicule, dans les différentes positions du changement de vitesse. Du fait que cette observation ne demande aucune habilité manuelle, elle est accessible aussi à des jeunes gens à l'âge très réduit, qui ne seraient pas encore capables d'effectuer les opérations de démontage et de montage des unités fonctionnelles, opérations appropriées pour des jeunes gens à l'âge plus mûr.The operation of mounting the different functional units on the chassis unit is in itself a pleasant and formative activity. After that it was carried out by arranging the different units in the order and in the established manner, fixing them in their positions, and taking care to functionally couple the chopper 29 of the motor unit 2 with the chopper 37 ' of the gearshift unit 3 and the chopper 39 of the gearshift unit 3 with the chuck 48 of the differential unit 4, it is possible to observe as a whole the functional relationships of the mechanisms, from the motor to at the vehicle wheels, in the different positions of the gear change. Because this observation does not require any manual skill, it is also accessible to young people of very reduced age, who would not yet be able to carry out the dismantling and mounting operations of the functional units, operations suitable for young people in the older age.

De plus, comme on l'a dit, les différentes unités constituantes sont assemblées, à leur tour, par l'emploi d'éléments à déclanchement élastique comme 11', 20', 30', 40'. Donc, en dégageant ces éléments, il est possible de démonter chaque unité dans ses éléments composants singuliers, et ensuite la monter à nouveau. Bien entendu, une telle opération est bien plus engageante que les opérations concernant la décomposition et la composition du modèle, décrite auparavant. Une telle opération peut être effectuée seulement par des jeunes gens dont l'âge est déjà considérablement mûr, et elle étend à ces jeunes gens l'attrait du jeu, en l'augmentant.In addition, as has been said, the various constituent units are assembled, in turn, by the use of elements with elastic release such as 11 ', 20', 30 ', 40'. So, by releasing these elements, it is possible to disassemble each unit in its individual component elements, and then mount it again. Of course, such an operation is much more engaging than the operations concerning the decomposition and the composition of the model, described previously. Such an operation can be carried out only by young people whose age is already considerably ripe, and it extends to these young people the attraction of the game, by increasing it.

Bien entendu, des différentes modifications peuvent être portées à ce qu'on a décrit et montré à titre d'exemple, sans pour cela modifier le principe fondamental de l'invention. Par exemple, le modèle considéré, qui se réfère à une automobile ayant moteur antérieur, traction postérieure et roues directrices antérieures, peut être modifié par rapport à une disposition postérieure du moteur, à une position antérieure des roues motrices, à une traction intégrale sur les quatre roues, ou même à un caractère directeur de toutes les quatre roues, tel qu'il est réalisé en certains véhicules spéciaux. Le groupe moteur, qui a été montré par exemple avec trois cylindres en ligne, pourrait avoir tout nombre de cylindres, disposés en ligne dans un plan vertical ou horizontal, ou bien disposés en V ou en étoile. L'unité changement de vitesse pourrait comprendre plus que deux rapports de transmission, et ces différents rapports pourraient être obtenus d'une façon différente de celle montrée, le cas échéant d'une façon plus fidèle par rapport à la realité, et cela soit moyennant des engrènements radiaux, soit par des clabots frontaux. L'unité différentiel pourrait comporter des mécanismes pour le blocage du différentiel, tels qu'ils sont prévus dans les véhicules tout-terrain. Le train postérieur pourrait comprendre deux essieux et/ou des roues jumelées, telles qu'elles sont employées sur des camions. L'unité commande de direction, qui dans l'exemple fait partie de l'unité châssis, pourrait constituer une unité fonctionnelle démontable. Le couplage fonctionnel parmi les différentes unités pourrait être réalisé d'une façon différente de celle comportant des volants avec clabots. Aussi le montage et la fixation dégageable des unités fonctionnelles sur l'unité châssis pourraient être réalisés de toute façon différente de celle décrite.Of course, various modifications can be made to what has been described and shown by way of example, without thereby modifying the fundamental principle of the invention. For example, the model under consideration, which refers to an automobile having a front engine, rear traction and front steering wheels, can be modified with respect to a rear arrangement of the engine, to an anterior position of the drive wheels, to all-wheel drive on the four wheels, or even a steering character of all four wheels, as it is made in certain special vehicles. The power unit, which was shown by example with three cylinders in line, could have any number of cylinders, arranged in line in a vertical or horizontal plane, or else arranged in V or in star. The gearshift unit could comprise more than two transmission ratios, and these different ratios could be obtained in a different way from that shown, if necessary in a more faithful way compared to reality, and this is by means of radial meshes, either by front chocks. The differential unit could include mechanisms for locking the differential, as provided in all-terrain vehicles. The rear axle could include two axles and / or twin wheels, as used on trucks. The steering control unit, which in the example is part of the chassis unit, could constitute a removable functional unit. The functional coupling among the different units could be carried out in a different way from that comprising flywheels with flaps. Also the mounting and the releasable fixing of the functional units on the chassis unit could be carried out in any way different from that described.

Claims (15)

Jouet instructif constitué par un modèle décomposable de véhicule, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une structure de support (1), substantiellement simulant le châssis d'un véhicule réel, pourvue de moyens de connexion séparables (12,13,14), et nombre d'unités fonctionnelles (2-4), chaque unité fonctionnelle étant pourvue de moyens de connexion séparables (21,31,41) complémentaires des moyens de connexion séparables (12,13,14) de la structure de support (1), et étant pourvue en outre de moyens de connexion fonctionnelle (28,37,38,47) complémentaires de moyens correspondants de connexion fonctionnelle appartenant aux autres unités, chaque unité fonctonnelle simulant un groupe fonctionnel essentiel d'un véhicule réel, et chaque unité fonctionnelle comprenant des composants mobiles disposés de sorte à simuler le fonctionnement du groupe fonctionnel réel simulé, montés dans un boîtier transparent (22,32,42) qui en permet l'observation.Instructive toy constituted by a decomposable model of vehicle, characterized in that it comprises a support structure (1), substantially simulating the chassis of a real vehicle, provided with separable connection means (12,13,14), and number of functional units (2-4), each functional unit being provided with separable connection means (21,31,41) complementary to the separable connection means (12,13,14) of the support structure (1), and being further provided with functional connection means (28,37,38,47) complementary to corresponding functional connection means belonging to the other units, each functional unit simulating an essential functional group of a real vehicle, and each functional unit comprising mobile components arranged so as to simulate the operation of the real simulated functional group, mounted in a transparent housing (22,32,42) which allows observation. Jouet suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdites unités fonctionnelles comprennent principalement une unité moteur (2), simulant le moteur à combustion interne d'un véhicule réel, une unité changement de vitesse (3), simulant le changement de vitesse d'un véhicule réel, et une unité différentiel (4), simulant le différentiel mécanique et l'essieu postérieur d'un véhicule réel.Toy according to claim 1, characterized in that said functional units mainly comprise an engine unit (2), simulating the internal combustion engine of a real vehicle, a gear change unit (3), simulating the gear change of a real vehicle, and a differential unit (4), simulating the mechanical differential and the rear axle of a real vehicle. Jouet suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de connexion séparables (12,13,14; 21,31,41) entre la structure de support (1) et chaque unité fonctionnelle (2,3,4) comprennent des ouvertures en baïonnette (12,13,14) disposées dans la structure de support (1) et des saillies en baïonnette (21,31,41) formées sur chaque unité fonctionnelle (2,3,4), ou bien vice-versa.Toy according to claim 1, characterized in that said separable connection means (12,13,14; 21,31,41) between the support structure (1) and each functional unit (2,3,4) comprise openings bayonet (12,13,14) arranged in the support structure (1) and bayonet projections (21,31,41) formed on each functional unit (2,3,4), or vice versa. Jouet suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un desdits moyens de connexion séparables (12,13,14; 21 ,31 ,41) comporte aussi une dent de retenue (9,9' ,9'') disposée pour se détendre élastiquement en une position opérative dans une ouverture en baïonnette (12,13, 14) lorsqu'une unité fonctionnelle (2,3,4) est montée sur la structure de support (1), et susceptible d'être portée en une position non opérative moyennant un organe de commande (8,8' ,8''), pour permettre le dégagement des saillies en baïonnette afin de démonter une unité fonctionnelle.Toy according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one of said separable connection means (12,13,14; 21, 31, 41) also comprises a retaining tooth (9,9 ', 9' ') arranged for elastically relax in an operative position in a bayonet opening (12, 13, 14) when a functional unit (2,3,4) is mounted on the support structure (1), and capable of being carried in one non-operative position by means of a control member (8.8 ', 8' '), to allow the bayonet projections to be released in order to dismantle a functional unit. Jouet suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que ladite dent de retenue (9,9',9'') est portée par un levier oscillant (7,7',7'') pourvu d'une appendice élastique (7A, 7A', 7A'') de sollicitation vers la position opérative et comportant un poussoir (8,8' ,8'') fonctionnant comme organe de commande, auquel on peut accéder de la partie supérieur pour l'actionner.Toy according to claim 4, characterized in that said retaining tooth (9.9 ', 9' ') is carried by an oscillating lever (7.7', 7 '') provided with an elastic appendage (7A, 7A ', 7A' ') for biasing towards the operative position and comprising a pusher (8,8', 8 '') functioning as a control member, which can be accessed from the upper part to actuate it. Jouet suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdites unités fonctionnelles (2,3,4) sont disposées de sorte que chacune d'elles empêche le démontage d'autres unités, de sorte que le démontage et le montage des différentes unités (2,3,4) peuvent être effectués seulement suivant un ordre préétabli.Toy according to claim 1, characterized in that said functional units (2,3,4) are arranged so that each of them prevents the dismantling of other units, so that the dismantling and mounting of the different units (2 , 3,4) can only be done in a pre-established order. Jouet suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de connexion fonctionnelle comportés par les unités fonctionnelles (2,3,4) sont constitués par des volants (28,37,38,47) pourvus de clabots (29,37',39,48).Toy according to claim 1, characterized in that said functional connection means comprised by the functional units (2,3,4) are constituted by flywheels (28,37,38,47) provided with flaps (29,37 ', 39.48). Jouet suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque unité fonctionnelle comprend une base (20,30,40) comportant lesdits moyens de connexion séparables (21,31,41) complémentaires des moyens de connexion séparables (12,13,14) de la structure de support (1), et un boîtier transparent (22,32,42) monté sur ladite base (20,30,40) et renfermant les composants de l'unité fonctionnelle.Toy according to claim 1, characterized in that each functional unit comprises a base (20,30,40) comprising said separable connection means (21,31,41) complementary to the separable connection means (12,13,14) of the support structure (1), and a transparent housing (22,32,42) mounted on said base (20,30,40) and containing the components of the functional unit. Jouet suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que lesdites parties de chaque unité fonctionnelle (2,3,4) sont assemblées moyennant des éléments à déclanchement élastique (20',30',40') qui autorisent aussi de démonter ultérieurement l'unité en ses éléments composants et de la monter à nouveau.Toy according to claim 8, characterized in that said parts of each functional unit (2,3,4) are assembled by means of elastic release elements (20 ', 30', 40 ') which also allow the unit to be dismantled subsequently into its component parts and mount it again. Jouet suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite structure de support, constituant une unité châssis (1) substantiellement simulant le châssis d'un véhicule réel, comprend des porte-fusées (16) pour des roues directrices (5) et le mécanisme de direction (18) correspondant.Toy according to claim 1, characterized in that said support structure, constituting a chassis unit (1) substantially simulating the chassis of a real vehicle, comprises rocket carriers (16) for steered wheels (5) and the mechanism steering (18) corresponding. Jouet suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite unité moteur (2) comprend un arbre coudé (23), pivoté en des supports de banc formés par le boîtier (22) de l'unité et pourvu de tourillons de manivelle, des bielles (24) pivotées sur ledit arbre coudé, et des pistons (25) articulés auxdites bielles et guidés par des surfaces partiellement cylindriques du boîtier (22).Toy according to claim 2, characterized in that said motor unit (2) comprises a bent shaft (23), pivoted in bench supports formed by the housing (22) of the unit and provided with crank pins, connecting rods (24) pivoted on said bent shaft, and pistons (25) articulated to said connecting rods and guided by partially cylindrical surfaces of the housing (22). Jouet suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite unité changement de vitesse (3) comprend un arbre moteur (35) et un arbre mené (36), montés en des supports fixes (32',32'') portés par le boîtier (32) de l'unité et en des supports mobiles (33',33'') renfermés dans ledit boîtier, ces arbres étant pourvus de roues dentées (35' ,35''; 36',36'') disposées de sorte à pouvoir s'engrener réciproquement, et des moyens (34) pour déplacer lesdits supports mobiles de sorte à réaliser entre lesdits arbres (35,36) des conditions d'engrènement différentes, ainsi qu'éventuellement une position sans engrènement.Toy according to claim 2, characterized in that said gear change unit (3) comprises a motor shaft (35) and a driven shaft (36), mounted in fixed supports (32 ', 32'') carried by the housing (32) of the unit and in mobile supports (33 ', 33'') enclosed in said housing, these shafts being provided with toothed wheels (35', 35 ''; 36 ', 36'') arranged so to be able to mesh reciprocally, and means (34) for moving said movable supports so as to achieve between said shafts (35, 36) different meshing conditions, as well as possibly a position without meshing. Jouet suivant la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens pour déplacer les supports mobiles (33',33'') des arbres (35,36) comprennent une came (34') et une poignée de manoeuvre (34) disposée à l'extérieur du boîtier (32) de l'unité changement de vitesse.Toy according to claim 12, characterized in that said means for moving the movable supports (33 ', 33' ') of the shafts (35,36) comprise a cam (34') and an operating handle (34) arranged at the outside the gear change unit housing (32). Jouet suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite unité différentiel (4) comprend: deux demi-essieux (44) pivotés dans le boîtier (42) de l'unité, chaque demi-essieu ayant à son extrémité externe une fusée (44'') pour le montage d'une roue (6) et à l'extrémité interne une roue dentée conique (44'); une cage (45) qui porte une roue dentée conique orthogonale (45') s'engrenant avec lesdites roues dentées coniques (44') des demi-essieux (44) et qui comporte une couronne dentée conique externe (45'); et une roue dentée conique motrice (46'), s'engrenant avec ladite couronne dentée conique (45').Toy according to claim 2, characterized in that said differential unit (4) comprises: two half-axles (44) pivoted in the housing (42) of the unit, each half-axle having at its outer end a spindle (44 '') for mounting a wheel (6) and at the inner end a conical gear (44 '); a cage (45) which carries an orthogonal bevel gear (45 ') meshing with said bevel gears (44') of the half-axles (44) and which comprises an external bevel gear (45 '); and a conical drive gear (46 '), meshing with said conical gear (45'). Jouet suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des roues (5,6), chacune desquelles est pourvue d'un moyeu (50,60) pour le montage sur une fusée (16,44'') du modèle, et un verrou élastique (51,61) disposé pour retenir la roue sur la fusée correspondante tout en permettant le démontage volontaire de la roue.Toy according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises wheels (5,6), each of which is provided with a hub (50,60) for mounting on a rocket (16,44 '') of the model, and an elastic lock (51,61) arranged to retain the wheel on the corresponding rocket while allowing voluntary disassembly of the wheel.
EP19910200313 1990-02-21 1991-02-14 Instructive toy in form of a vehicle model to be assembled Withdrawn EP0443669A3 (en)

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IT06712190A IT1248415B (en) 1990-02-21 1990-02-21 INSTRUCTIVE TOY IN THE FORM OF A DISPOSABLE VEHICLE MODEL.
IT6712190 1990-02-21

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EP0443669A2 true EP0443669A2 (en) 1991-08-28
EP0443669A3 EP0443669A3 (en) 1992-03-04

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CN103978893A (en) * 2014-04-09 2014-08-13 宁波莱姆格迪童车科技有限公司 Dual-drive transmission system for child automobile
CN103978893B (en) * 2014-04-09 2016-08-17 宁波市胜源技术转移有限公司 A kind of Dual Drive drive system of juvenile automobile
CN106097871A (en) * 2016-08-12 2016-11-09 厦门大学嘉庚学院 A kind of novel four-wheel automobile differential mechanism teaching mode and its implementation of advancing

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IT9067121A1 (en) 1991-08-22
US5090934A (en) 1992-02-25
IT1248415B (en) 1995-01-16
JPH0768057A (en) 1995-03-14
IT9067121A0 (en) 1990-02-21
EP0443669A3 (en) 1992-03-04

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