EP0441942B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennung von giftigen sauerstofffreien abgasen - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennung von giftigen sauerstofffreien abgasen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0441942B1
EP0441942B1 EP90913706A EP90913706A EP0441942B1 EP 0441942 B1 EP0441942 B1 EP 0441942B1 EP 90913706 A EP90913706 A EP 90913706A EP 90913706 A EP90913706 A EP 90913706A EP 0441942 B1 EP0441942 B1 EP 0441942B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
tunnel
gas
combustion zone
post
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90913706A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0441942A1 (de
Inventor
Serge Carpentier
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Societe Generale pour les Techniques Nouvelles SA SGN
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Societe Generale pour les Techniques Nouvelles SA SGN
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
    • F23G7/065—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/14—Gaseous waste or fumes
    • F23G2209/142—Halogen gases, e.g. silane

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an installation for the destruction by combustion of toxic oxygen-free gaseous effluents.
  • a known treatment method consists in burning said gases; the combustion products are not toxic or can be easily eliminated (for example by filtration for arsenious oxide).
  • Patent FR 87 03 729 published under the number 2 612 606 describes such a process with its associated device.
  • the effluent is brought into a combustion zone by a central duct surrounded by a tube bringing the combustible gas, itself surrounded by three annular conduits bringing the combustion air.
  • the gas injection rates and speeds are regulated for this purpose.
  • the combustible gas stream constitutes a protective sheath for the effluent vis-à-vis the oxidizing gas.
  • DE-A-2 857 224 has also described a process and its associated device for the incineration of explosive gases. Said method possibly involves an auxiliary fuel and, in order to prolong the residence time of the gases to be incinerated in the combustion chamber, it imposes a reflux of these in said combustion chamber.
  • the Applicant currently offers a combustion process in which, unlike that described in FR-A-2 612 606, a significant turbulence is created.
  • the invention therefore consists of a method of combustion of toxic gaseous effluents, devoid of oxygen.
  • effluents are not, in themselves, explosive. They can become so in the presence of oxygen.
  • Said carrier gas consist of a carrier gas loaded with impurities.
  • Said carrier gas can be hydrogen, nitrogen, etc. or a mixture of gases. Air and oxygen are obviously excluded.
  • Said gaseous effluents to be burned according to the process of the invention can, as indicated above, come from the electronics industry.
  • Such effluents are loaded with hydride, in particular phosphines, arsines ... and / or silanes ... and / or other chemical compounds containing in particular the atoms B, P, As, Te, Se, Cl, F .
  • Said gaseous effluents can also come from the nuclear industry. It can be pyrolysis gas and / or gas loaded with tritium, radioactive.
  • the dart is obtained from a conventional burner placed at the head of the combustion zone, supplied with combustible gas (natural gas for example) and oxidizing gas (air for example).
  • This oxidizing gas is called primary in the text of the present application to distinguish it from other oxidizing streams.
  • the flow rate of this primary oxidizing gas is adjusted so as to ensure combustion, with a small excess of oxidizing gas (approximately 10%).
  • so-called secondary oxidizing gas is sent to the dart in the form of jets, at a rate sufficient to ensure an excess of oxidizer, relative to the quantity necessary for the combustion of the toxic effluent, and at a speed sufficient to create a turbulent gaseous mass at the level of the stinger.
  • the secondary oxidizing gas is for example air.
  • the flow and speed of the secondary oxidizing gas are such that the appearance of the stinger is modified: it changes color, its shape is disturbed and we observe vortex movements. We then say that the gas mass is turbulent. This phenomenon is known to those skilled in the art.
  • the flow rate and speed of the secondary oxidant gas must also be determined to maintain the temperature in the combustion zone and the excess of oxidant.
  • the speeds can go up to several tens of m / s.
  • the secondary oxidizing gas is introduced in the form of at least two jets directed towards the axis of said dart. These jets can converge towards the axis of the dart or else be directed so as to create a swirling movement of the oxidant around said dart; in this case also, the orientation of the jet participates in the creation of turbulence.
  • the method of the invention is implemented, under vacuum with respect to the atmosphere outside the combustion zone (ambient atmosphere).
  • a vacuum makes it possible to avoid the formation of gas pockets, to avoid a possible dispersion of the gases towards the outside. It also facilitates the extraction of gases from the installation in which the method is implemented.
  • This depression is of the order of 0.5 to 6 mbar (or 50 to 600 Pa).
  • the adjustable (secondary) oxidant gas stream cools the gas mass and makes it possible to lower the temperature of the combustion zone, if necessary. By the absence of said current, the temperature is brought up, which can be accelerated by adjusting the flow rate of fuel gas / primary oxidant.
  • the toxic gaseous effluent it is sufficient, in the context of the invention, for the toxic gaseous effluent to be introduced in the form of a jet into the turbulent gas mass (one or more jets). No matter where the effluent jet (s) arrive (s) in relation to the secondary oxidant gas arrivals, it is sufficient that turbulence is created on the gas mass.
  • the toxic effluents When the toxic effluents are of a different nature, they can be introduced in the form of separate jets at the level of the dart, or else be mixed before being introduced.
  • the toxic effluent can be introduced sporadically.
  • the flow of secondary oxidant gas is generally controlled by the measurement of the temperature in the combustion zone.
  • the method of the invention advantageously makes it possible to treat effluents whose flow and speed are not controlled; it then suffices to adjust the flow rates and speeds of oxidizing gas in order to achieve combustion.
  • the temperature in the combustion zone is generally greater than 900 ° C. for the treatment of the toxic gases previously mentioned. Said temperature is advantageously chosen so as to obtain at least 99% destruction of the toxic gases over the entire installation - that is to say combustion zone possibly supplemented with an after-combustion zone in which the reaction ends in which the method of the invention is implemented.
  • a critical temperature the explosive temperature of the gas mixture in the combustion zone. What that said mixture is, a person skilled in the art situates this critical temperature at around 800 ° C.
  • the gases from the combustion zone are sent to a so-called post-combustion zone containing a lining of refractory materials.
  • Said lining is advantageously brought to a temperature higher than the combustion temperature in the combustion zone.
  • Said packing also ensures the filtration of gases and a better distribution of calories in the installation.
  • Said post-combustion zone is obviously also under vacuum (preferably 0.5 to 6 mbar).
  • the flow rates and speeds of the oxidizing gases are adjusted so as to obtain a temperature of 900 to 1,200 ° C, approximately 1,000 ° C preferably in the post-combustion zone, in the context of an application to the toxic effluents listed. above.
  • the outgoing gases can be released directly into the atmosphere or be treated, depending on the amount of residual toxicants and the applicable discharge standards.
  • the installation according to the invention comprises a combustion tunnel, the bottom of which consists of a conical wall.
  • This wall is generally made of refractory materials over a thickness sufficient to ensure the thermal insulation of the installation from the outside.
  • the burner comprises a pipe for the arrival of the combustible gas and another pipe for the arrival of the primary oxidizing gas.
  • It can for example be a workman formed at the bottom of the tunnel, into which the burner opens, the dart then developing in the workman.
  • the burner comprises two concentric pipes, and the fuel supply pipe is set back from the bottom of the tunnel cone, in order to facilitate the fuel / primary oxidant mixture before the development of the dart, the base of the dart being practically at the bottom of the cone of the combustion tunnel.
  • Flow adjustment means are provided on these pipes; they are preferably controlled by the temperature measurement in the installation.
  • the secondary oxidizing gas is supplied by at least two pipes which pass through the conical wall over its entire thickness; the pipes are dimensioned so that the gas escapes in the form of a jet.
  • These tubes can be given a slit shape so as to cover the jets with a larger surface.
  • a more favorable embodiment consists in providing several pipes, for example three or four, regularly arranged around the periphery of the conical wall.
  • the pipes are arranged so that the jets converge towards the axis of the dart substantially at the same point, or else they are inclined identically around the periphery of the conical wall so as to create a rotary movement of the oxidizing gas introduced. .
  • the tubing (s) bringing the effluent also passes through the conical wall and is (are) arranged so as to direct the jet (s) of effluent towards the axis of the dart substantially at the same point.
  • tubes separated into two parts by a wall, the jets then opening out substantially in the same place.
  • the dimensions of the combustion tunnel are determined by a person skilled in the art as a function of the products treated, the combustion temperature to be obtained, the residence time, etc.
  • a device for example an exhaust fan, is mounted on the gas extraction pipe to create the vacuum in the installation.
  • Said installation comprises a combustion tunnel followed by a post-combustion zone, said zone also comprising refractory walls and its axis advantageously making an angle with that of the combustion tunnel.
  • the bottom of said zone is provided with a lining of refractory material and a lateral tube allows the exit of the gases having passed through said lining.
  • an intake valve can be fitted, allowing the passage of oxidant (tertiary oxidant) towards the bottom of said post-combustion zone.
  • said valve is used as an expansion valve, to compensate for accidental overpressures.
  • FIG. 1A shows an installation comprising a combustion tunnel 1 of axis (D) followed by an afterburner zone 2 arranged perpendicular to said tunnel.
  • the bottom of the tunnel 1 is constituted by a conical wall 3 open on the tunnel.
  • the tunnel with its bottom is surrounded by a thickness 4 of bricks (or other material) refractory to ensure thermal insulation.
  • a recess is arranged along the axis (D) and over the entire thickness of the conical wall.
  • a burner 5 is embedded therein, which comprises a line 6 for the supply of combustible gas (natural gas) and a line 7 supplying the primary oxidizing gas (air).
  • a dart 8 develops at the bottom of the tunnel.
  • the base of the dart is at the bottom of the cone of the conical wall; in FIG. 1B, it is located in the opening placed on the recess arranged in the bottom of the cone.
  • Tubes 9 and 10 pass through the conical wall to supply the secondary oxidizing gas (air) and the toxic effluent respectively.
  • FIGS. 1A and 2A three tubes 9 and three tubes 10 are placed.
  • the tubes 9 are arranged so that their axes converge on the axis (D) of the tunnel at a point A, the tubes 10 in point B and point B is located beyond point A.
  • the tubes 9 converge at points A1 and A2, the tubes 10 at point B and the points A1 and A2 are located beyond point B.
  • the pipes 9 supplying the secondary oxidizing gas have a slit shape while the pipes 10 have a circular shape.
  • FIG. 3A presents a preferred variant, in which the pipes 9 are separated into two parts by a partition 11.
  • part 12 the closest to the burner, circulates the secondary oxidizing gas with fixed jet and in part 13 the oxidizing gas secondary with modular jet.
  • the two parts are then supplied by different pipes. Appropriate means of adjusting the flow and speed are placed on the supply pipes.
  • FIG. 18 shows separate tubes 9A and 9B for supplying the secondary oxidizing gas in the form of a respectively modular and fixed jet.
  • FIG. 28 shows in section the tubes 9B inclined so as to create a rotary movement of the secondary oxidizing gas known as a fixed jet around the stinger.
  • the tubes 10 are divided into three groups of three tubes 10A, 108, 10C which each bring a toxic effluent of different nature, for example.
  • the tubing of the groups is regularly arranged around the periphery of the conical wall.
  • the gases from the combustion tunnel 1 are diverted to the post-combustion zone 2 which contains at its bottom a lining 14 (made of silicon carbide for example) which can be evacuated by a withdrawal door 15 and brought by a door 16.
  • the door 16 may include a valve 17 through which the tertiary oxidant (air) which is entrained with the combustion gases towards the lining.
  • the invention is illustrated by the example below.
  • the fuel involved is natural gas, delivered at a rate of 1.1 Nm3 / h at the nose of the burner previously mixed in the burner with 6 Nm3 / h of primary air (primary oxidant).
  • the air / gas ratio was kept constant, whatever the burner flame, with a 10% excess of air compared to the stoichiometry.
  • the depression in the tunnel is 5 mbar.
  • the temperature measured before the silicon carbide packing is 1000 ° C.
  • the smoke volume at this temperature is 90 Nm3 / h.
  • Said fumes are then cooled from 1000 ° C to 700 ° C in a heat exchanger and then undergo a dilution, by ambient air, of a factor of 4 (325 Nm3 / h) to be brought back to a temperature of 100 -120 ° C before very high efficiency filtration (to stop 99.99% of particles of the order of 0.3 ”m) aimed at retaining arsenious acid, solid, formed, before discharge to the chimney.
  • the arsine charge is no more than 0.5 ppm by volume.
  • the purification yield ensured by the installation is therefore 99.966%, higher than the 99.95% required (after taking into account the dilution on cooling).
  • Such an installation is particularly well suited for purifying gases from the electronic industry: not only is there almost complete combustion of toxic combustible elements, but the formation of nitrogen oxides or other toxic gases is avoided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Verfahren zur Verbrennung von giftigen sauerstofffreien Abgasen in einer Flamme mit einem Kern, der mit brennbarem Gas und sog. primärem sauerstoffhaltigem Gas gespeist wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    - daß es bei Unterdruck durchgeführt wird;
    - ein sog. sekundäres sauerstoffhaltiges Gas auf Höhe des Kernes in Form wenigstens eines sog. festen Strahls mit einem Durchsatz und einer Geschwindigkeit, die konstant und ausreichend sind, um eine turbulente gasförmige Masse auf Höhe des Kerns zu erzeugen und die gewünschte Verbrennungstemperatur aufrechtzuerhalten, und wenigstens eines sog. regulierbaren Strahls mit variablem Durchsatz zur Stabilisierung der Verbrennungstemperatur eingeführt wird, wobei die zur Achse des Kerns gerichteten Strahlen auch die Zufuhr überschüssigen sauerstoffhaltigen Gases in die Verbrennungszone sichern;
    - das zu verbrennende Abgas auf Höhe des Kernes getrennt vom sekundären sauerstoffhaltigen Gas in die erzeugte turbulente gasförmige Masse eingeführt wird;
    - die aus der Verbrennungszone kommenden Gase in eine Nachverbrennungszone geleitet werden.
  2. Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß der (die) regulierbare(n) Strahl(en) einen gemäß der Messung der Temperatur in der Verbrennungszone gesteuerten Durchsatz hat (haben).
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Verbrennungs- und Nachverbrennungszonen bei einem Unterdruck von 50 bis 600 Pa bezüglich der Umgebungsatmosphäre sind.
  4. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß ein ergänzender Strom von sauerstoffhaltigem Gas (sog. tertiärem sauerstoffhaltigem Gas) in die aus der Verbrennungszone kommenden Gase eingeführt wird, um einen Überschuß sauerstoffhaltigen Gases in der Nachverbrennungszone zu sichern.
  5. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß in der Nachverbrennungszone eine Temperatur im Bereich von 900 bis 1200 °C und vorzugsweise eine Temperatur von etwa 1000 °C herrscht.
  6. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß das behandelte Abgas wenigstens einen der folgenden Bestandteile enthält: Silan, B, P, As, Te, Se, Cl, F.
  7. Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von giftigen sauerstofffreien Abgasen mittels Durchführung des Verfahrens nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, welche Vorrichtung einen Verbrennungstunnel (1) aufweist, in dessen Boden sich ein Brenner (5) befindet, der mit brennbarem Gas und mit sog. primärem sauerstoffhaltigem Gas gespeist wird, und die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist,
    - daß der Boden des Tunnels (1) aus einer konischen Wand (3) besteht, die auf dem Tunnel (1) offen und von gleicher Achse (D) wie dieser ist, wobei der Brenner (5) auf dieser Achse (D) in einer solchen Tiefe angeordnet ist, daß sich die Basis des Flammenkerns im Lauf des Betriebs in der Nähe des Bodens des Tunnels (1) befindet, und
    daß sie außerdem aufweist:
    - wenigstens zwei Rohre (9), wenigstens eines für einen sog. festen Strahl und wenigstens ein anderes für einen sog. regulierbaren Strahl, zum Zuführen des sekundären sauerstoffhaltigen Gases auf Höhe des Bodens des Tunnels (1), wobei die Rohre (9) ausgerichtet sind, um im Lauf des Betriebs das sekundäre sauerstoffhaltige Gas in Strahlen zum Kern zu lenken;
    - wenigstens ein Rohr (10) zum Zuführen des giftigen Abgases auf Höhe des Bodens des Tunnels (1), wobei das (die) Rohr(e) (10) ausgerichtet ist (sind), um im Lauf des Betriebs das Abgas als zur Achse (D) des Kerns konvergente(n) Strahl(en) zu lenken;
    - eine Nachverbrennungszone (2), die den Verbrennungstunnel (1) verlängert;
    - eine Einrichtung zum Abziehen der Gase unter Erzeugung eines Unterdrucks im Tunnel (1) und in der Nachverbrennungszone (2).
  8. Vorrichtung nach dem Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die das sekundäre sauerstoffhaltige Gas zuführenden Rohre (9) eine Schlitzform haben.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Achse der Nachverbrennungszone (2) mit der (D) des Tunnels (1) einen Winkel bildet und daß die Nachverbrennungszone (2) an ihrem Boden mit einer Auskleidung aus feuerfesten Materialien (14) versehen ist.
  10. Vorrichtung nach dem Anspruch 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß ein Klappenventil (17) im Kopf der Nachverbrennungszone (2) angeordnet ist.
EP90913706A 1989-09-04 1990-09-04 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennung von giftigen sauerstofffreien abgasen Expired - Lifetime EP0441942B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8911548A FR2651561B1 (fr) 1989-09-04 1989-09-04 Procede et installation pour la combustion d'effluents gazeux toxiques.
FR8911548 1989-09-04
PCT/FR1990/000641 WO1991003685A1 (fr) 1989-09-04 1990-09-04 Procede et installation pour la combustion d'effluents gazeux toxiques depourvus d'oxygene

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0441942A1 EP0441942A1 (de) 1991-08-21
EP0441942B1 true EP0441942B1 (de) 1995-03-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90913706A Expired - Lifetime EP0441942B1 (de) 1989-09-04 1990-09-04 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennung von giftigen sauerstofffreien abgasen

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5169605A (de)
EP (1) EP0441942B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0816527B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2039727C (de)
DE (1) DE69018059T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2651561B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1991003685A1 (de)

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IT1248599B (it) * 1991-05-10 1995-01-19 Bono En S P A Procedimento ed apparecchiatura per la distruzione termica di reflui industriali inquinanti
US5271908A (en) * 1992-04-07 1993-12-21 Intel Corporation Pyrophoric gas neutralization chamber
US5310334A (en) * 1992-06-03 1994-05-10 Air Duke Australia, Ltd. Method and apparatus for thermal destruction of waste
DE4310011C1 (de) * 1993-03-27 1994-05-05 Ltg Lufttechnische Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von Abluft
US6021723A (en) * 1997-06-04 2000-02-08 John A. Vallomy Hazardous waste treatment method and apparatus
FR2782377B1 (fr) * 1998-08-13 2000-09-22 Leces Equipement de post-combustion pour reacteurs industriels
JP4497726B2 (ja) * 1998-12-01 2010-07-07 株式会社荏原製作所 排ガス処理装置
JP4619798B2 (ja) * 2005-01-14 2011-01-26 日本パイオニクス株式会社 有害ガスの浄化装置
JP4528141B2 (ja) * 2005-01-14 2010-08-18 東京瓦斯株式会社 難燃性物質分解バーナ
DE102008037418B3 (de) * 2008-10-07 2010-02-18 Reicat Gmbh Verfahren zur Reinigung von Abgasen durch generative Nachverbrennung
MX346688B (es) 2012-02-20 2017-03-29 Avery Dennison Corp Película multicapa para sistemas multifuncionales de inyección de tinta.

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JPS62134414A (ja) * 1985-12-04 1987-06-17 Nippon Sanso Kk 半導体製造排ガスの燃焼方法及び同燃焼装置
FR2612606B1 (fr) * 1987-03-18 1990-09-14 Air Liquide Procede et dispositif de destruction d'effluents gazeux toxiques
US4920898A (en) * 1988-09-15 1990-05-01 Trw Inc. Gas turbine slagging combustion system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2651561B1 (fr) 1991-12-27
JPH0816527B2 (ja) 1996-02-21
DE69018059T2 (de) 1995-08-10
CA2039727A1 (en) 1991-03-05
FR2651561A1 (fr) 1991-03-08
WO1991003685A1 (fr) 1991-03-21
CA2039727C (en) 1998-12-01
US5169605A (en) 1992-12-08
DE69018059D1 (de) 1995-04-27
JPH04502957A (ja) 1992-05-28
EP0441942A1 (de) 1991-08-21

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