EP0441292B1 - Mittelspannungsschalter mit Selbstbeblasung - Google Patents

Mittelspannungsschalter mit Selbstbeblasung Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0441292B1
EP0441292B1 EP91101455A EP91101455A EP0441292B1 EP 0441292 B1 EP0441292 B1 EP 0441292B1 EP 91101455 A EP91101455 A EP 91101455A EP 91101455 A EP91101455 A EP 91101455A EP 0441292 B1 EP0441292 B1 EP 0441292B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
volume
semi
cylinder
circuit breaker
piston
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91101455A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0441292A1 (de
Inventor
Edmond Thuries
Denis Dufournet
Michel Perret
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Holdings SA
Original Assignee
GEC Alsthom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GEC Alsthom SA filed Critical GEC Alsthom SA
Publication of EP0441292A1 publication Critical patent/EP0441292A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0441292B1 publication Critical patent/EP0441292B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a medium or high voltage circuit breaker in which the insulation is provided by a gas with good dielectric properties, such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), this same gas ensuring by self-blowing the extinction of the 'arc which forms at the separation of the arcing contacts of the circuit breaker.
  • a gas with good dielectric properties such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
  • thermal volume or blowing volume which contains the arcing contacts and which, when the contacts are separated, is heated by the arcing and therefore undergoes a pressure increase. At the first zero crossing of the current, the gas expands and blows the arc.
  • the displacement of the piston is more or less important and correlatively, the blowing volume is more or less large.
  • Such a device has a drawback.
  • a first object of the invention is to cut the high currents by self-blowing with thermal expansion in a thermal expansion volume dimensioned for this purpose, and the breaking of low currents by self-pneumatic boost blowing with piston in a part only thermal expansion volume.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide an apparatus in which the speed and the ascent stroke of the semi-fixed assembly are progressively limited.
  • a third object of the invention is to provide an apparatus into which fresh gas is injected into the area of the arcing contacts during an engagement maneuver, which notably improves the operation of the apparatus during the cycles of operation of the aforementioned type.
  • circuit breaker of the invention As defined by claim 1. With regard to features of a preferred implementation of this circuit breaker, reference is made to the dependent claims.
  • FIG 1 there is a casing 1, made of insulating material, inside which there is a gas with good dielectric properties such as sulfur hexafluoride SF6, under a pressure of one to a few bars.
  • a first socket 2 passing through the envelope in a sealed manner, is electrically connected by a braid 3, to a first contact 4 called semi-fixed for reasons explained below.
  • the contact 4, produced in tubular form, is terminated by a wearing part 4A made of material resistant to the effects of the electric arc, for example a tungsten-based alloy.
  • Rod 7 has an end 7A of material resistant to the effects of the electric arc.
  • the semi-fixed contact 4 carries a piston 8 sliding in a fixed cylinder 9; the stroke of the piston 8 is limited by a lower shoulder 11 and an upper ring 12; the semi-fixed contact 4 is pushed by a spring 13 which is compressed when the circuit breaker is in the engaged position, as is the case in FIG. 1.
  • the cylinder 9 is fixed by a bottom 14 to a cylinder 15 of larger dimensions; the cylinder 15 is fixed to the casing 1; it carries, at one end, an insulating nozzle 16, through which the rod 7 slides.
  • the piston 8 separates the interior of the cylinder into two volumes, V1 at the bottom of the figure and V2 at the top.
  • the volumes V1 and V2 can communicate through orifices 18 made through the piston 8; these orifices can be closed simultaneously by a one-way valve made up of a washer 19 retained by a shoulder 21 of the piston 8.
  • the volume V2 can communicate with the volume V3 outside the cylinder 9 by orifices 22 made in the bottom of this cylinder; these orifices can be closed simultaneously by a one-way valve constituted by a washer 23 retained by the crown 12.
  • Ports 24 made in the cylinder 15 facilitate the circulation of the gas inside the envelope 1.
  • V4 denotes the volume between the cylinders 15 and 9; this volume V4, in permanent communication with the volume V1 by a passage between the nozzle 16 and the end of the cylinder 9, constitutes, with the volume V1, a volume V1 + V4 of thermal expansion of the circuit breaker.
  • the rod 7 is pulled by the operating mechanism towards the bottom of the figure.
  • the semi-fixed contact 4, pushed by the spring 13, accompanies the rod in its movement, until it is stopped by the shoulder 11.
  • the rod continues its movement alone, thus causing the separation of the contacts.
  • An arc 50 erupts between the contacts ( Figure 2) and heats the surrounding gas.
  • the overpressure, generated by the displacement of the piston 8 and the heating of the gas in the volumes V1 and V4 causes a blowing of the arc, through the nozzle 16 and the contact 4A, and its extinction at a zero crossing of the current.
  • the tripping process is identical to that just described, until the contacts are separated.
  • the arc 51 (FIG. 3) is very large and produces a release of heat which leads to a very strong increase in the pressure in the volumes V1 and V4.
  • the contact 4 is pushed up towards the top of the figure, due to the very strong pressure which is exerted on the piston 8 and which produces a force greater than that of the spring 13.
  • the volume V1 is thus enlarged, so that the the pressure which reigns there, while being significant, nevertheless retains an acceptable value.
  • the overpressure in the volume V1 causes the closure of the valve 19 which isolates the volume V2.
  • the latter decreases due to the displacement of the piston 8; he this results in an increase in the pressure in the volume V2 which, on the one hand, closes the valve 23 and on the other hand, limits the speed and the stroke of the piston 8, the gas of the volume V2 acting as a damper.
  • the arc 51 does not stretch too much, which makes it possible to limit the heating and pollution of the surrounding gas by the decomposition products of SF6.
  • the overpressure generated essentially by thermal expansion in the volumes V1 and V4 causes a blowing of the arc through the nozzle 16 and the contact 4A, and its extinction at a zero crossing of the current.
  • the invention applies to medium and high voltage circuit breakers.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Trennschalter für Mittel- oder Hochspannung mit automatischem Ausblasen des Lichtbogens, wobei der Schalter eine mit einem dielektrischen Gas gefüllte dichte Hülle (1) aufweist, in der ein erster halbfester Kontakt (4), der elektrisch mit einem ersten Stromanschluß (2) verbunden ist, und ein zweiter, beweglicher Kontakt (7) angeordnet sind, der mit einem zweiten Stromanschluß (5) und mechanisch mit einem Betätigungsorgan verbunden ist, wobei der halbfeste Kontakt (4) fest mit einem Kolben (8) verbunden ist, der sich in einem Zylinder (9) bewegt und der im Zylinder (9) ein erstes Volumen (V1) im Bereich des Lichtbogens und ein zweites Volumen (V2) begrenzt, wobei das erste Volumen (V1) mit einer Blasdüse (16), durch die der bewegliche Kontakt (7) gleitet, ein Wärmeausdehnungsvolumen bildet, und der halbfeste Kontakt (4) der Wirkung einer Feder (13) unterworfen ist, die bei einem Ausschaltvorgang den halbfesten Kontakt in die gleiche Richtung wie den festen Kontakt (7) drückt, wobei die Verschiebung des halbfesten Kontakts während des Ausschaltvorgangs vor dem Hubende des Betätigungsorgans begrenzt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zweite Volumen (V2) erste Öffnungen (22) aufweist, die es mit der Außenseite des Zylinders (9) verbinden, daß die ersten Öffnungen mit ersten Einwegventilen (23) ausgestattet sind, die die ersten Öffnungen verschließen, wenn der Druck im zweiten Volumen (V2) höher als der in der Hülle herrschende Druck ist, und daß der Kolben (8) mit zweiten ihn durchquerenden Öffnung (18) versehen ist, die zweite Einwegventile (19) aufweisen, die die Öffnungen verschließen, wenn der Druck im ersten Volumen (V1) höher als der Druck im zweiten Volumen (V2) wird.
  2. Trennschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten Ventile aus einer gemeinsamen ersten Scheibe (23) bestehen.
  3. Trennschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweiten Ventile aus einer gemeinsamen zweiten Scheibe (19) bestehen.
  4. Trennschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Volumen (V1) permanent mit einem Volumen (V4) über einen Durchlaß zwischen der Düse (16) und dem Zylinder (9) in Verbindung steht.
  5. Trennschalter nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieses Volumen (V4) von diesem Zylinder (9) und einem zweiten Zylinder (15) begrenzt wird, der koaxial zum erstgenannten Zylinder (9) liegt.
EP91101455A 1990-02-07 1991-02-04 Mittelspannungsschalter mit Selbstbeblasung Expired - Lifetime EP0441292B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9001406A FR2657998B1 (fr) 1990-02-07 1990-02-07 Disjoncteur a moyenne ou haute tension a autosoufflage.
FR9001406 1990-02-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0441292A1 EP0441292A1 (de) 1991-08-14
EP0441292B1 true EP0441292B1 (de) 1995-05-10

Family

ID=9393462

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91101455A Expired - Lifetime EP0441292B1 (de) 1990-02-07 1991-02-04 Mittelspannungsschalter mit Selbstbeblasung

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US5126516A (de)
EP (1) EP0441292B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0828158B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1023735C (de)
AT (1) ATE122498T1 (de)
BR (1) BR9100493A (de)
CA (1) CA2035688C (de)
DE (1) DE69109508T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0441292T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2072460T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2657998B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2683382B1 (fr) * 1991-10-31 1997-04-30 Alsthom Gec Disjoncteur a moyenne ou haute tension a contacts d'arc en bout.
FR2683383B1 (fr) * 1991-11-04 1993-12-31 Gec Alsthom Sa Disjoncteur a haute ou moyenne tension a triple mouvement.
FR2692716B1 (fr) * 1992-06-18 1994-08-19 Alsthom Gec Disjoncteur à haute ou moyenne tension à expansion thermique et soufflage d'appoint.
US20050045595A1 (en) * 2003-09-03 2005-03-03 Christian Daehler Pressure-limiting valve for a puffer interrupter assembly
ATE544169T1 (de) * 2008-12-18 2012-02-15 Abb Technology Ag Kurzschlussvorrichtung für mittel- und hochspannungsschaltvorrichtungen
FR2949170B1 (fr) 2009-08-14 2011-11-25 Areva T & D Sas Chambre de coupure pour disjoncteur a moyenne ou haute tension a energie de manoeuvre reduite
KR101309317B1 (ko) * 2009-09-10 2013-09-30 엘에스산전 주식회사 가스 차단기용 밸브 및 그를 이용한 가스 차단기
EP2387057B1 (de) * 2010-05-12 2012-05-23 ABB Technology AG Gasisolierter Hochspannungsschalter
FR2962253B1 (fr) * 2010-07-01 2012-08-31 Areva T & D Sas Chambre de coupure pour disjoncteur a moyenne ou haute tension a energie de man?uvre et dimensions reduites
JP2012094455A (ja) * 2010-10-28 2012-05-17 Toshiba Corp ガス遮断器
FR2978597A1 (fr) * 2011-07-26 2013-02-01 Alstom Grid Sas Commande d'un interrupteur ou d'un disjoncteur
CN103280375B (zh) * 2013-05-24 2015-07-01 沈阳华德海泰电器有限公司 一种用于真空断路器操作机构的油缓冲器
CN109564832B (zh) * 2016-06-03 2020-09-01 Abb瑞士股份有限公司 气体绝缘式低压或中压断载开关
CN111834908B (zh) * 2019-04-15 2025-07-25 段小嬿 一种简易组装的一体式气体增压装置
CN111834914B (zh) * 2019-04-15 2025-07-25 王嬿蕾 一种高压灭弧装置
CN111834910B (zh) * 2019-04-15 2025-07-25 段小嬿 一种组合式气体增压装置
CN111834916B (zh) * 2019-04-15 2025-07-22 王嬿蕾 一种基于防雷灭弧的一体化密封组件
KR102793702B1 (ko) * 2022-01-06 2025-04-11 한국전력공사 이중동작 차단기

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5535432A (en) * 1978-09-04 1980-03-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Switch
EP0041081A1 (de) * 1980-06-02 1981-12-09 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. Elektrischer Selbstblasschalter
DE3438635A1 (de) * 1984-09-26 1986-04-03 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden, Aargau Druckgasschalter
FR2622737B1 (fr) * 1987-11-04 1995-04-14 Merlin Gerin Disjoncteur electrique a auto-expansion a volume de chambre d'extinction variable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1063966A (zh) 1992-08-26
US5126516A (en) 1992-06-30
FR2657998A1 (fr) 1991-08-09
ES2072460T3 (es) 1995-07-16
DK0441292T3 (da) 1995-08-14
FR2657998B1 (fr) 1992-04-10
CA2035688C (fr) 1994-07-26
BR9100493A (pt) 1991-10-29
DE69109508T2 (de) 1995-09-14
DE69109508D1 (de) 1995-06-14
CN1023735C (zh) 1994-02-09
EP0441292A1 (de) 1991-08-14
JPH0828158B2 (ja) 1996-03-21
CA2035688A1 (fr) 1991-08-08
JPH065167A (ja) 1994-01-14
ATE122498T1 (de) 1995-05-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0441292B1 (de) Mittelspannungsschalter mit Selbstbeblasung
FR2596575A1 (fr) Disjoncteur a gaz dielectrique sous pression
CA2001986C (fr) Disjoncteur a haute tension a gaz dielectrique sous pression
EP0591039B1 (de) Hochspannung selbst-Blaslastscharter mit Schnittkammer mit reduzierter Gaskompression
EP0380907B2 (de) Druckgasschalter für Hoch- und Mittelspannung
CA1317619C (fr) Disjoncteur a haute tension a gaz dielectrique utilise pour le soufflage
FR2576144A1 (fr) Disjoncteur a haute tension, a gaz comprime, a faible energie de manoeuvre
EP0759629B1 (de) Lastschalter mit Einschaltwiderstand und Einfügungsvorrichtung
EP0450567B1 (de) Hoch- oder Mittelspannungs-Schalter mit aufeinanderstossenden Lichtbogenkontakten
EP0398213B1 (de) Mittelspannungsschalter für hohen Nennstrom
EP0406794B1 (de) Hoch- oder Mittelspannungslastschalter
EP0458236B1 (de) Mittelspannungsschalter
CA2041234C (fr) Disjoncteur a haute tension a arc serie
EP0393458A1 (de) Mittelspannungsblasgasschalter
EP0524088A1 (de) Kontakt für Leistungsschalter
FR2535518A1 (fr) Chambre de coupure pour disjoncteur a gaz
FR2729788A1 (fr) Disjoncteur a haute tension a gaz de soufflage
EP0398116B1 (de) Mittelspannungsschalter mit Selbstbeblasung
FR2657459A1 (fr) Disjoncteur a haute tension a resistance de fermeture.
FR2509521A1 (fr) Disjoncteur a haute tension sous enveloppe contenant un gaz isolant
FR2646961A1 (fr) Disjoncteur a moyenne tension a autosoufflage
FR2705494A1 (fr) Disjoncteur à manÓoeuvre assistée par voie électrodynamique.
FR2711013A1 (fr) Disjoncteur à grande tension d'arc.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19920203

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19940303

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19950510

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 122498

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19950515

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69109508

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19950614

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2072460

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: T3

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19950714

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19960229

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20000114

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20000117

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20000122

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20000124

Year of fee payment: 10

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20000124

Year of fee payment: 10

Ref country code: DK

Payment date: 20000124

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20000125

Year of fee payment: 10

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20000125

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20000208

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20000217

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010204

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010204

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010204

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010205

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010205

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010228

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010228

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010228

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: S.A. GEC ALSTHOM

Effective date: 20010228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010901

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20010204

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 91101455.3

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: EBP

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20011031

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20010901

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20011201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20020916

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050204