EP0439579B1 - Feuerlöschverfahren und gebrauch von fluorpropanmischungen - Google Patents

Feuerlöschverfahren und gebrauch von fluorpropanmischungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0439579B1
EP0439579B1 EP90912103A EP90912103A EP0439579B1 EP 0439579 B1 EP0439579 B1 EP 0439579B1 EP 90912103 A EP90912103 A EP 90912103A EP 90912103 A EP90912103 A EP 90912103A EP 0439579 B1 EP0439579 B1 EP 0439579B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
halon
fire
fire extinguishing
mixture
heptafluoropropane
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Revoked
Application number
EP90912103A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0439579A1 (de
EP0439579A4 (en
Inventor
Yuichi Iikubo
Mark Lester Robin
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Great Lakes Chemical Corp
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Great Lakes Chemical Corp
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Priority claimed from US07/439,738 external-priority patent/US5124053A/en
Application filed by Great Lakes Chemical Corp filed Critical Great Lakes Chemical Corp
Publication of EP0439579A1 publication Critical patent/EP0439579A1/de
Publication of EP0439579A4 publication Critical patent/EP0439579A4/en
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Publication of EP0439579B1 publication Critical patent/EP0439579B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
    • A62D1/0057—Polyhaloalkanes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fire extinguishing methods and blends utilizing higher fluorinated C3 saturated hydrofluorocarbons.
  • hydrofluorocarbons i.e., compounds containing only C, H and F atoms
  • hydrofluorocarbons i.e., compounds containing only C, H and F atoms
  • iodine-containing compounds as fire extinguishing agents has been avoided primarily due to the expense of their manufacture or due to toxicity considerations.
  • the three fire extinguishing agents presently in common use are all bromine-containing compounds, Halon 1301 (CF3Br), Halon 1211 (CF2BrCl) and Halon 2402 (CF2BrCF2Br).
  • the effectiveness of these three volatile bromine-containing compounds in extinguishing fires has been described in U.S. Patent 4,014,799 to Owens.
  • certain chlorine-containing compounds are also known to be effective extinguishing agents, for example Halon 251 (CF3CF2Cl) as described by Larsen in U.S. Patent 3,844,354.
  • Japanese Patent Publication JP-A-51-34595 discloses a fire extinguishing agent produced by mixing bromochloromethane, bromochlorodifluoromethane or bromotetrafluoroethane with a C4 ⁇ 7 perfluoroalkane, hexafluorobenzene or pentafluoroethane.
  • bromine-containing Halons are effective fire fighting agents, those agents containing bromine or chlorine are asserted by some to be capable of the destruction of the earth's protective ozone layer. Also, because the agents contain no hydrogen atoms which would permit their destruction in the troposphere, the agents may also contribute to the greenhouse warming effect.
  • saturated, higher fluorinated hydrofluorocarbons and blends thereof with other agents as fire extinguishants for use in fire extinguishing methods and apparatus More particularly, the method of this invention involves introducing to a fire a saturated C3 higher fluorinated hydrofluorocarbon in a fire extinguishing concentration and maintaining such concentration until the fire is extinguished.
  • Saturated higher fluorinated hydrofluorocarbons of this invention include compounds of the formula C x H y F z , where x is 3; y is 1 or 2; and z is 6 or 7.
  • hydrofluorcarbons useful in accordance with this invention include heptafluoropropane (CF3CHFCF3), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (CF3CH2CF3) and 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (CF3CHFCHF2). These hydrofluorocarbons may be used alone, in admixture with each other or as blends with other fire extinguishing agents. Generally, the agents of this invention are employed at concentrations lying in the range of about 3 to 15%, preferably 5 to 10%, on a v/v basis.
  • saturated higher fluorinated C3 hydrofluorocarbons have been found to be effective fire extinguishants at concentrations safe for use.
  • hydrofluorocarbons contain no bromine or chlorine, they have an ozone depletion potential of zero.
  • the compounds contain hydrogen atoms, they are susceptible to breakdown in the lower atmosphere and hence do not pose a threat as greenhouse warming gasses.
  • hydrofluorocarbons useful in accordance with this invention are compounds of the formula C x H y F z , where x is 3; y is 1 or 2; and z is 6 or 7.
  • Specific hydrofluorcarbons useful in accordance with this invention include heptafluoropropane (CF3CHFCF3), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (CF3CH2CF3) and 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (CF3CHFCHF2).
  • These compounds may be used alone or in admixture with each other or in blends with other fire extinguishing agents.
  • agents with which the hydrofluorocarbons of this invention may be blended are chlorine and/or bromine containing compounds such as Halon 1301 (CF3Br), Halon 1211 (CF2BrCl), Halon 2402 (CF2BrCF2Br), Halon 251 (CF3CF2Cl) and CF3CHFBr.
  • Mixtures of heptafluoropropane and Halon 1201 (CF2HBr) are especially preferred because the compounds have similar vapor pressures over a wide range of temperatures and therefore the composition of the mixture remains relatively constant during discharge or other application.
  • hydrofluorocarbons of this invention are employed in blends, they are desirably present at a level of at least about 10 percent by weight of the blend.
  • the hydrofluorocarbons are preferably employed at higher levels in such blends so as to minimize the adverse environmental effects of chlorine and bromine containing agents.
  • hydrofluorocarbon compounds used in accordance with this invention are non-toxic and are economical to manufacture.
  • the saturated highly fluorinated C2 and C3 hydrofluorocarbons of this invention may be effectively employed at substantially any minimum concentrations at which fire may be extinguished, the exact minimum level being dependent on the particular combustible material, the particular hydrofluorocarbon and the combustion conditions. In general, however, best results are achieved where the hydrofluorocarbons or mixtures and blends thereof are employed at a level of at least about 3% (v/v). Where hydrofluorocarbons alone are employed, best results are achieved with agent levels of at least about 5% (v/v). Likewise, the maximum amount to be employed will be governed by matters of economics and potential toxicity to living things.
  • Hydrofluorocarbons may be applied using conventional application techniques and methods used for Halons such as Halon 1301 and Halon 1211.
  • these agents may be used in a total flooding fire extinguishing system in which the agent is introduced to an enclosed region (e.g., a room or other enclosure) surrounding a fire at a concentration sufficient to extinguish the fire.
  • equipment or even rooms or enclosures may be provided with a source of agent and appropriate piping, valves, and controls so as automatically and/or manually to be introduced at appropriate concentrations in the event that fire should break out.
  • the fire extinguishant may be pressurized with nitrogen or other inert gas at up to about 600 psig at ambient conditions.
  • hydrofluorocarbon agents may be applied to a fire through the use of conventional portable fire extinguishing equipment. It is usual to increase the pressure in portable fire extinguishers with nitrogen or other inert gasses in order to insure that the agent is completely expelled from the the extinguisher. Hydrofluorocarbon containing systems in accordance with this invention may be conveniently pressurized at any desirable pressure up to about 41.34 bar (600 psig) at ambient conditions.
  • a 28.3 cubic litre test enclosure was constructed for static flame extinguishment tests (total flooding).
  • the enclosure was equipped with a Plexiglas viewport and an inlet at the top for the agent to be tested and an inlet near the bottom to admit air.
  • a 90 x 50 mm glass dish was placed in the center of the enclosure and filled with 10 grams of cigarette lighter fluid available under the trademark RONSONOL.
  • the fuel was ignited and allowed a 15 second preburn before introduction of the agent. During the preburn, air was admitted to the enclosure through the lower inlet. After 15 seconds, the air inlet was closed and the fire extinguishing agent was admitted to the enclosure.
  • a predetermined amount of agent was delivered sufficient to provide 6.6% v/v concentration of the agent.
  • the extinguishment time was measured as the time between admitting the agent and extinguishment of the flame. Average extinguishment times for a 6.6% v/v concentration of heptafluoropropane and, for comparative purposes, of Halon 1301, Halon 1211 and CF3CHFBr are given in Table 1.
  • Example 1 The experimental procedure of Example 1 was carried out employing heptane as the fuel. The average extinguishment times for 6.6% v/v of the same agents are also given in Table 1. Table 1 Extinguishment Time (seconds) for 6.6 % v/v Agent Agent Lighter fluid n-Heptane CF3CHFCF3 1.6 1.6 CF3Br (Halon 1301) 0.8 1.4 CF2BrCl (Halon 1211) 1.3 1.7 CF3CHFBr 1.0 1.7
  • the Table shows the extinguishment time required for various fuels at 6.6% v/v of the agents employed. At this level, heptafluoropropane is as effective as bromine-containing Halons in extinguishing an n-heptane flame and nearly effective as the other agents in extinguishing lighter fluid flames.
  • Levels of about 5-10% are preferred for general application of pure hydrofluorocarbons in accordance with this invention.
  • the use of too little agent results in failure to extinguish the fire and can result in excessive smoke and probably release of HF due to combustion of the agent.
  • the use of excessive amounts is wasteful and can lead to dilution of the oxygen level of the air to levels harmful to living things.
  • Example 1 was repeated with two white mice admitted to the chamber. After extinguishment, mice were exposed to combustion products for a total of 10 minutes before being removed from the chamber. All mice showed no ill effects during the exposure and appeared to behave normally after removal from the apparatus.
  • Dynamic burn test data for heptafluoropropane and 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane were obtained using the cup burner test procedure in which air and n-butane are continuously supplied to a flame produced in a glass cup burner. Vapor of the agent to be tested was mixed with air and introduced to the flame, with the concentration of agent being slowly increased until the flow was just sufficient to cause extinction of the flame.
  • Heptafluoropropane and, for comparative purposes, Halon 1301, Halon 1211 and Halon 251 were used to extinguish n-heptane diffusion flames using the method of Example 4. Test data are reported in Table 3. TABLE 3 Extinguishment of n-Heptane Diffusion Flames Agent Air flow cc/min Agent Required cc/min Agent In Air % v/v Halon 1301 (CF3Br) 16,200 510 3.1 Halon 1211 (CF2BrCl) 16,200 546 3.4 Halon 251 (CF3CF2Cl) 16,200 1,006 6.2 CF3CHFCF3 16,200 1,033 6.4 Halon 25 (CF3CF2H) 16,200 1,506 9.3
  • bromine and chlorine-containing agents such as Halon 1301 and Halon 1211 are somewhat more effective than the hydrofluorocarbon agents under the cup burner test, the use of the agents in accordance with this invention remains highly effective and their use avoids the significant environmental handicaps encountered with chlorine and bromine containing Halons such as Halon 1301, Halon 1211, and Halon 251.
  • 1.1.1.2.3.3-hexafluoropropane at concentrations in accordance with the method of this invention is well within the range of toxicological safety.
  • Tables 7, 8, 9 and 10 report diffusion flame extinguishment data obtained using the method of Example 7 for the following agent mixtures: Table 7 - heptafluoropropane and Halon 1211 (CF2BrCl) Table 8 - heptafluoropropane and Halon 1301 (CF3Br) Table 9 - pentafluoroethane and Halon 1201 (CF2HBr) (Comparative) Table 10- 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane and Halon 1201 (CF2HBr) These Tables also contain ODP data for pure Halons 1211 and 1301 as reported by the Lawrence Livermore Research Laboratories.
  • ODP's for Halon 1201 were calculated using the method given above, and ODP's for the mixtures were obtained by multiplying the weight percent of the Halon agent by the ODP of the pure Halon. TABLE 7 Extinguishment of n-Heptane Diffusion Flames CF3CHFCF3 / CF2BrCl Mixtures Flow at Extinguishment cc/min Volume % in Air Total Vol % Weight % CF3CHFCF3 ODP CF3CHFCF3 CF2BrCl CF3CHFCF3 CF2BrCl 0 546 0 3.4 3.4 0 2.64 164 437 1.0 2.7 3.7 27.5 1.91 262 378 1.6 2.3 3.9 41.7 1.54 353 328 2.2 2.0 4.2 53.1 1.24 533 210 3.3 1.3 4.6 72.5 0.73 705 109 4.3 0.7 5.0 86.3 0.36 869 44 5.4 0.2 5.6 94.9 0.13 1042 0 6.4 0
  • hydrofluorocarbons of this invention are the extinguishing of liquid and gaseous fueled fires, the protection of electrical equipment, ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper and textiles, hazardous solids, and the protection of computer facilities, data processing equipment and control rooms.

Claims (13)

  1. Feuerlöschverfahren, umfassend die Schritte: Einführen einer das Feuer löschenden Konzentration von einer oder mehreren Verbindungen der Formel CxHyFz in das Feuer, wobei x 3 ist, y 1 oder 2 ist und z 6 oder 7 ist; und Aufrechterhalten der Konzentration der Verbindung, bis das Feuer gelöscht ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Verbindung mit einem Wert von weniger als etwa 15 Vol.% angewendet wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Löschkonzentration der Verbindung etwa 5 bis 10 Vol.% beträgt.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Verbindung in einem vollkommen überflutenden System verwendet wird.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Verbindung in einem transportablen Feuerlöschsystem verwendet wird.
  6. Verwendung einer oder mehrerer Verbindungen der Formel CxHyFz, wobei x 3 ist, y 1 oder 2 ist und z 6 oder 7 ist, als zerstörungsfreies Feuerlöschmittel.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Verbindung aus der Gruppe von Heptafluorpropan, 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluorpropan, 1,1,1,2,3,3-Hexafluorpropan und Mischungen davon ausgewählt ist.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 und 7, wobei die Verbindung Heptafluorpropan ist.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, wobei Heptafluorpropan in einer Konzentration von etwa 5 bis 15 Vol.% angewendet wird.
  10. Feuerlöschverfahren, umfassend die Schritte:
    Einführen einer das Feuer löschenden Konzentration einer Mischung in das Feuer, welche umfaßt:
    eine oder mehrere Verbindungen der Formel CxHyFz, wobei x 3 ist, y 1 oder 2 ist und z 6 oder 7 ist, und ein oder mehrere Chlor und/oder Brom enthaltende Feuerlöschmittel aus der Gruppe von CF₃Br, CF₂BrCl, CF₃CF₂Cl, CF₂BrCF₂Br, CF₂HBr und CF₃CHFBr,
    wobei die Verbindung in der Mischung mit einem Wert von mindestens etwa 10 Gew.% der Mischung vorhanden ist; und
    Aufrechterhalten der Konzentration der Mischung, bis das Feuer gelöscht ist.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, wobei die das Feuer löschende Konzentration der Mischung etwa 3 bis 15 Vol.% beträgt.
  12. Feuerlöschmischung, umfassend:
    mindestens etwa 10 Gew.% der Mischung von einer oder mehreren Verbindungen der Formel CxHyFz, wobei x 3 ist, y 1 oder 2 ist und z 6 oder 7 ist, und
    nicht mehr als etwa 90 Gew.% der Mischung von einem oder mehreren Chlor und/oder Brom enthaltenden Feuerlöschmitteln aus der Gruppe von CF₃Br, CF₂BrCl, CF₃CF₂Cl, CF₂BrCF₂Br, CF₂HBr und CF₃CHFBr.
  13. Feuerlöschmischung nach Anspruch 12, wobei die Verbindung Heptafluorpropan und der weitere Bestandtetl CF₂HBr ist.
EP90912103A 1989-08-21 1990-08-09 Feuerlöschverfahren und gebrauch von fluorpropanmischungen Revoked EP0439579B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US39684189A 1989-08-21 1989-08-21
US396841 1989-08-21
US439738 1989-11-21
US07/439,738 US5124053A (en) 1989-08-21 1989-11-21 Fire extinguishing methods and blends utilizing hydrofluorocarbons
PCT/US1990/004467 WO1991002564A1 (en) 1989-08-21 1990-08-09 Fire extinguishing methods and blends utilizing hydrofluorocarbons

Publications (3)

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EP0439579A1 EP0439579A1 (de) 1991-08-07
EP0439579A4 EP0439579A4 (en) 1992-03-11
EP0439579B1 true EP0439579B1 (de) 1995-10-25

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EP90912103A Revoked EP0439579B1 (de) 1989-08-21 1990-08-09 Feuerlöschverfahren und gebrauch von fluorpropanmischungen

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EP (1) EP0439579B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2580075B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100189484B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE129419T1 (de)
AU (1) AU629975B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9006888A (de)
CA (1) CA2023333C (de)
DE (1) DE69023220T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0439579T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2078348T3 (de)
FI (1) FI103182B (de)
IL (1) IL95365A (de)
MX (1) MX172050B (de)
NO (1) NO177888C (de)
RU (1) RU2293583C2 (de)
WO (1) WO1991002564A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5040609A (en) * 1989-10-04 1991-08-20 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fire extinguishing composition and process
US5084190A (en) * 1989-11-14 1992-01-28 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fire extinguishing composition and process
GB2265309A (en) * 1992-03-21 1993-09-29 Graviner Ltd Kidde Fire extinguishing methods using fluorinated hydrocarbons
AUPQ001599A0 (en) * 1999-04-28 1999-05-20 Cast Centre Pty Ltd Gaseous compositions
US7329786B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2008-02-12 Great Lakes Chemical Corporation Processes for producing CF3CFHCF3
US7223351B2 (en) 2003-04-17 2007-05-29 Great Lakes Chemical Corporation Fire extinguishing mixtures, methods and systems
JP4627045B2 (ja) * 2005-04-27 2011-02-09 セントラル硝子株式会社 金属製造保護ガス

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JPH05134595A (ja) * 1991-11-11 1993-05-28 Ricoh Co Ltd 教育機器

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KR0178018B1 (ko) * 1990-03-30 1999-03-20 엘리오 거글리일미 무독성 소화제
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Also Published As

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NO177888C (no) 1995-12-13
BR9006888A (pt) 1991-10-22
IL95365A0 (en) 1991-06-30
RU2068718C1 (ru) 1996-11-10
ATE129419T1 (de) 1995-11-15
WO1991002564A1 (en) 1991-03-07
DE69023220D1 (de) 1995-11-30
FI103182B1 (fi) 1999-05-14
JPH04501228A (ja) 1992-03-05
CA2023333A1 (en) 1991-02-22
JP2580075B2 (ja) 1997-02-12
KR100189484B1 (en) 1999-06-01
FI103182B (fi) 1999-05-14
NO911579D0 (no) 1991-04-22
IL95365A (en) 1993-05-13
AU629975B2 (en) 1992-10-15
RU2293583C2 (ru) 2007-02-20
NO911579L (no) 1991-04-22
DE69023220T2 (de) 1996-04-04
MX172050B (es) 1993-11-30
CA2023333C (en) 2000-10-03
AU6171990A (en) 1991-04-03
DK0439579T3 (da) 1996-01-29
NO177888B (no) 1995-09-04
FI911915A0 (fi) 1991-04-19
EP0439579A1 (de) 1991-08-07
EP0439579A4 (en) 1992-03-11
ES2078348T3 (es) 1995-12-16

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