EP0433125B1 - Method for producing a sparkplug well in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method for producing a sparkplug well in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0433125B1
EP0433125B1 EP90403400A EP90403400A EP0433125B1 EP 0433125 B1 EP0433125 B1 EP 0433125B1 EP 90403400 A EP90403400 A EP 90403400A EP 90403400 A EP90403400 A EP 90403400A EP 0433125 B1 EP0433125 B1 EP 0433125B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark plug
cylinder head
tubular
core
tubular element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90403400A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0433125A1 (en
Inventor
Luc Schwab
Jacques Dore
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Automobiles Peugeot SA
Automobiles Citroen SA
Original Assignee
Automobiles Peugeot SA
Automobiles Citroen SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8916655A external-priority patent/FR2656042B1/en
Priority claimed from FR9006481A external-priority patent/FR2662471B1/en
Application filed by Automobiles Peugeot SA, Automobiles Citroen SA filed Critical Automobiles Peugeot SA
Publication of EP0433125A1 publication Critical patent/EP0433125A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0433125B1 publication Critical patent/EP0433125B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/242—Arrangement of spark plugs or injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/18—DOHC [Double overhead camshaft]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of producing spark plug wells in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine obtained by molding, a spark plug well element intended to be used for the implementation of this method as well as a set of for the formation of candle wells.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show another distribution configuration where the cylinder head 1 is also traversed right through by a bore P perpendicular to the wells 5 by crossing the latter near their lower ends so as to allow a circulation of air preventing condensation, source of poor ignition.
  • this known embodiment in addition to the drawbacks already mentioned above in connection with FIG. 1, also has the drawback that the drilling P in communication with the spark plug wells 5 is expensive and is carried out in a mass of cylinder head material reserved for this purpose. effect in the water chamber, which complicates molding and increases the risk of faults in the material, in particular the appearance of cracks.
  • GB-A-1 256 401 describes a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, obtained by molding and which comprises a spark plug well in the form of a tubular piece added after the molding of the cylinder head.
  • this prior document does not pose the problem of producing spark plug wells during the molding of the cylinder head.
  • GB-A-1 075 951 relates to the fixing of intake and exhaust ducts in a cylinder head, but this document is silent on how the tubular element 19 or 20 is positioned relative to the sand core 22.
  • FR-A-2 431 335 discusses the difficulties of placing metal inserts in a mold but proposes a process which is completely distant from the process which is the subject of the invention and which consists in hot spraying a metal layer onto a core beforehand hardened.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks by proposing a method for producing at least one spark plug well in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine obtained by molding, of the type where the cylinder head mold comprises several different cores corresponding respectively to hollowed out parts of the cylinder head to be molded comprising in particular the intake and exhaust conduits and the oil and water chambers, the cores being made of compressed sand and previously produced in boxes with cores and consisting in introducing into a suitable one of the cores a tubular element constituting the spark plug well, firmly holding this tubular element in the core by a holding element integral with the tubular element and fixed in the core after compression of the sand constituting the core and then to place and maintain the core - tubular element assembly in the cylinder head mold during the operation pouring ration of the latter.
  • the holding element is constituted by a collar secured to the body of the tubular element.
  • the tubular element is held in the core of the aforementioned oil chamber and is further introduced by its lower part into the core of the water chamber situated below the core of the oil chamber.
  • the tubular element is positioned in the cylinder head mold by a positioning foot integral with the mold cover and engaged in the upper part of the tubular element until it comes into abutment by a shoulder on the edge of the upper opening of the tubular element.
  • the aforementioned holding element is constituted by a tubular support element made integral with the core of the aforementioned water chamber and fixed substantially to the lower part of the tubular element.
  • the spark plug well tubular element is held in a fixed position in the cylinder head mold during the casting operation of the latter by the aforementioned tubular support element which remains in the cylinder head in its final state and puts in communication l candle well element with atmosphere.
  • the spark plug well elements are supported by several successively aligned support elements communicating with each other through spark plug well elements , the two extreme support elements being secured to the mold of the cylinder head during the casting of the latter.
  • the different the aforementioned tubular elements are joined together before their installation in a core box intended to form water chambers of the cylinder head during molding, the lower part of each tubular candle well element is trapped in the corresponding core constituted of compressed sand and the tubular elements-cores assembly is then positioned in the cylinder head mold.
  • tubular support elements have a rectangular or square section and the various tubular elements are joined together by welding.
  • Each tubular spark plug well element is positioned in the cylinder head mold by a positioning foot integral with the mold cover and engaged in the upper part of the tubular spark plug well element.
  • the tubular element is drilled at its bottom to communicate with a threaded hole provided in the cylinder head for the passage of the threaded base of a spark plug and its fixing in the cylinder head.
  • the invention also provides a core-element candle well element intended to be used for the implementation of the method of the first embodiment defined above and characterized in that it comprises a tubular body comprising a bottom, a upper opening opposite the bottom for the passage of a spark plug and a soldar collar of the body of the tubular element and ensuring the maintenance in position of the tubular element in the core of the oil chamber after compression of the constituent material.
  • the edge of the upper opening of the tubular element comprises a collar.
  • the side wall of the tubular element has a relatively small thickness, for example around 1 to 1.5 mm.
  • the flange is either attached by welding to the tubular element, or obtained by deformation of the latter and the tubular element is made of steel or aluminum.
  • the tubular element is made of ceramic and the collar comes in shape with the tubular element.
  • the invention also provides a set of elements intended for the formation of at least one candle well according to the second embodiment and characterized in that it comprises at least one tubular element of candle well and at least one element tubular support for the spark plug well element fixed, preferably by welding, perpendicular to the latter by opening therein.
  • the assembly comprises several tubular elements for supporting spark plug well elements and successively aligned, two successive support elements opening into the same spark plug well element.
  • each aforementioned tubular element has a relatively small thickness, of approximately 1 to 1.5 mm.
  • FIG. 7 represents a part of the cylinder head 1 of a combustion engine intended to be mounted on a motor vehicle.
  • the cylinder head 1 is for example made of light alloy cast according to the so-called "shell" technique, either under low pressure or by gravity and generally comprises, as is already known per se, an oil chamber 2, a water 3 located below the oil chamber 2 and the intake 4a and exhaust 4b conduits.
  • the mixed lines symbolize the protective covers C of the engine distribution (not shown) and which are fixed on the cylinder head 1.
  • the oblique axes X1-X2 and X3-X4 respectively symbolize the axes of passage of the guides of exhaust and intake valves (not shown) which are controlled by the distribution according to which the intake and exhaust of the working fluid take place.
  • the oil 2 and water 3 chambers substantially coaxially surround a spark plug well 5 intended to receive a spark plug 7 of which only the upper part 7a and the threaded base 7b have been shown.
  • the spark plug well 5 has at its bottom a hole 8 for the passage of the threaded base 7b of the spark plug 7, which is screwed into a corresponding tapped hole 9 of the cylinder head 1 so that the electrodes of the spark plug 7 found in the combustion chamber 10 delimited by the cylinder head 1.
  • the spark plug well 5 comprises a tubular element 11 of cylindrical shape of revolution inserted in the cylinder head 1 during the casting thereof.
  • the element 11, arranged in the case present vertically in the cylinder head 1, has its side wall forming a body 11a of a relatively small thickness, for example from 1 to 1.5 mm and can be made of steel, aluminum or ceramic.
  • the tubular element 11 comprises a collar 11b which is attached in the present case by welding to the body 11a of the latter but which can also be produced by deformation of the tubular element 11 as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the collar 11b can also have come in shape with the tubular element 11 in the case where the latter is ceramic.
  • the tubular element 11 also includes a collar 11c formed by lifting the edge of the upper opening of the element 11 opposite its bottom comprising the bore 8.
  • FIG. 4 represents the mold for the casting of the cylinder head 1 and which is of the type comprising different cores corresponding to the hollowed-out parts of the cylinder head to be molded and constituted in particular by the intake 4a and exhaust 4b conduits, the chamber oil 2 and the water chamber 3.
  • the cores 12-15 correspond respectively to the oil 2 and water 3 chambers and to the intake 4a and exhaust 4b conduits and preferably consist of compressed sand allowing the reserve of these hollow parts to be cast.
  • These cores 12-15 are previously produced in core boxes, the most important of which for the invention is the core box 16 of the oil chamber 2 shown in FIG. 5.
  • the box 16 which thus makes it possible to produce the core 12 of the oil chamber 2 comprises three parts 16a, 16b and 16c defining, when assembled together, an internal chamber in which the core sand 12 is formed and compressed.
  • the tubular element 11 is introduced into the sand constituting the core 12 in which it is securely held, after compression of the sand in the box 16, by the flange 11b, so as not to slip after the withdrawal of the box 16 during demolding. of the core 12.
  • the tubular element 11 is thus trapped in the core 12 with its upper part comprising the collar 11c and its lower part outside the core 12.
  • the collar 11b is located halfway up the tubular element 11, but it is obvious that its position is determined by its function which is to maintain the element 11 in the core 12.
  • the core 12-tubular element 11 assembly is then placed in the cylinder head mold 1, the tubular element being further introduced by its lower part inside the core 13 of the water chamber 3 in which has been previously made a corresponding passage hole to allow this introduction.
  • the cylinder head mold 1 is conventionally composed of a base 17 comprising a metal part 18 ensuring the compression effect during the casting of the cylinder head 1, a side yoke 19 and a cover 20.
  • the different cores, in particular the cores 12 and 13 are held in the mold of the cylinder head 1 by suitable means, not shown, also allowing the tubular element 11 to be held in position during the casting of the cylinder head 1.
  • the cover 20 comprises, approximately at its center and integral with it, a foot 21 with shoulder 22 engaging in the upper part of the tubular element 11 to ensure its positioning or centering in the mold of the cylinder head 1 with the shoulder 22 coming to bear on the collar 11c of the tubular element 11.
  • the tubular element 11 is partially embedded in the cylinder head 1 as shown in FIG. 7 and the hole 8 has been made in the bottom 11d of the tubular element 11 for communicate with the tapped hole 9 into which the base 7b of the spark plug 7 is screwed.
  • the relatively small thickness of the tubular element 11 mentioned above ensures that this element has good mechanical strength while making it possible to gain approximately 3 mm over this thickness relative to the well obtained by casting according to the method represented in FIG. 1.
  • This gain in thickness makes the presence of the zones corresponding to the water chamber 3 in which the cooling water circulates between each spark plug well and the valve guides less critical. Indeed, in certain engine configurations, in particular when it is necessary to tilt the spark plug well 5 on the side of the exhaust or intake ducts in the cylinder head 1, there are places where there is practically no more room to create the water passage.
  • the gain of 3 mm in thickness achieved thanks to the tubular element 11 of the invention makes it easier to create the film of water necessary for cooling.
  • each spark plug well 5 is also formed by a tubular element 11 of cylindrical shape of revolution inserted in the cylinder head 1 during the casting of it.
  • the element 11, arranged in the case present vertically in the cylinder head 1, has its side wall of a relatively small thickness, for example from 1 to 1.5 mm and can be made for example of steel.
  • Tubular elements 23, preferably made of a material identical to that of elements 11 and of rectangular or square section, are also inserted into the cylinder head 1 during its casting and are successively aligned transversely to the longitudinal axis of the tubular elements 11 of wells candle.
  • the number of elements 23 of course depends on the number of engine cylinders.
  • This figure shows the mold for casting the cylinder head 1 and which is of the type comprising different cores corresponding to the recessed parts of the cylinder head to be molded and formed by the intake 4a and exhaust 4b conduits, the oil chamber 2 and the water chamber 3.
  • the cores 12-15 correspond respectively to the oil 2 and water 3 chambers and to the intake 4a and exhaust 4b conduits and are preferably made of compressed sand allowing the casting the reservation of these hollowed out parts.
  • the cores 12-15 are previously produced in core boxes known per se, which cores, once formed, are held in the mold of the cylinder head 1 by suitable means known per se and not shown.
  • the various tubular elements 11 and 23 are put in place in the box for forming the cores 13 corresponding to the water chambers 3 of the cylinder head 1. Before being placed in this box, the tubular elements 23 are joined by welding to the elements. tubular 11 to thereby form an inseparable assembly with controllable known geometric and dimensional characteristics. Once the unitary assembly thus formed positioned in the core box, the core formation sand 13 is compressed around the part bottom of the spark plug well elements 11. The assembly of elements 11, 23 and cores 13 is then removed from the core box and introduced into the mold 1 to be held there in a fixed position.
  • each tubular element 11 is introduced through a corresponding passage hole previously made in the corresponding oil core 12 and the two free ends respectively of the two end support elements 11 are suitably secured to the mold.
  • the latter is conventionally composed of a base 17 comprising a metal part 18 ensuring the compression effect during the casting of the cylinder head 1, a side yoke 19 and a cover 20.
  • the latter comprises, approximately in its center and integral with it, feet 21 respectively engaging in the upper parts of the tubular element 11 to ensure its positioning or centering in the mold of the cylinder head 1.
  • each tubular element 11 is embedded in the cylinder head as shown in Figure 8 and the hole 8 is made at the bottom of the tubular element 11 to communicate with the threaded hole 9 in which is screwed on the spark plug cap 7.
  • the cylinder head 1 according to the invention is thus provided with elements 23 forming ventilation ducts by air circulation coming from foundry communicating with the spark plug well elements 11 and the circulation of water in the chamber 3 will be optimum since better cooling of the cylinder head during operation is achieved thanks to the relatively small thickness of the spark plug well elements 11.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de réalisation de puits de bougie dans une culasse d'un moteur à combustion interne obtenue par moulage, un élément de puits de bougie destiné à être utilisé pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé ainsi qu'un ensemble d'éléments destiné à la formation de puits de bougie.The present invention relates to a method of producing spark plug wells in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine obtained by molding, a spark plug well element intended to be used for the implementation of this method as well as a set of for the formation of candle wells.

Actuellement, la configuration de la distribution dans certains moteurs à combustion interne nécessite la création de puits formés dans la culasse pour accueillir les bougies d'allumage. Une telle configuration, ressortant du document FR-A-2 581 703, est représentée par exemple à la figure 1 où la référence 1 désigne une partie d'une culasse d'un moteur à combustion interne réalisée en alliage léger coulé selon la technique dite "coquille", soit sous basse pression, soit par gravité et comportant notamment, comme cela est connu en soi, une chambre d'huile 2, une chambre d'eau 3 en dessous de la chambre 2 et un conduit d'admission 4a. La culasse 1 comporte également des puits de bougie 5, dont un seul est représenté, et qui sont réalisés lors du moulage de la culasse 1. Cependant, cette réalisation présente de nombreux inconvénients:

  • le puits 5 est évidé jusqu'au point A au moyen d'une broche 6 enfoncée au moment de la coulée du métal de la culasse 1 mais qui a une section relativement faible de sorte qu'elle a tendance à se déformer sous l'effet de la chaleur dégagée par le métal en fusion, ce qui a pour conséquence d'empêcher la tenue des tolérances dimensionnelles, d'où un taux élevé de rebuts;
  • la broche 6 ne peut pas être introduite plus bas que le point A et il est donc nécessaire de reprendre l'alésage entre le point A et le point B situé sensiblement au fond du puits 5; et
  • lors du retrait de la broche 6 après la coulée, il y a des risques d'adhérence entre le métal de celle-ci et celui de la culasse 1, ce qui entraîne une usure prématurée de ce type de matériel.
Currently, the configuration of the distribution in certain internal combustion engines requires the creation of wells formed in the cylinder head to accommodate the spark plugs. Such a configuration, emerging from document FR-A-2 581 703, is represented for example in FIG. 1 where the reference 1 designates a part of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine produced in light alloy cast according to the so-called technique "shell", either under low pressure or by gravity and comprising in particular, as is known per se, an oil chamber 2, a water chamber 3 below the chamber 2 and an intake duct 4a. The cylinder head 1 also includes spark plug wells 5, only one of which is shown, and which are produced during the molding of the cylinder head 1. However, this embodiment has many drawbacks:
  • the well 5 is hollowed out to point A by means of a spindle 6 inserted at the time of the casting of the metal of the cylinder head 1 but which has a relatively small section so that it tends to deform under the effect heat given off by the molten metal, which has the effect of preventing dimensional tolerances from being met, resulting in a high rate of scrap;
  • spindle 6 cannot be inserted lower than point A and it is therefore necessary to resume the bore between point A and point B located substantially at the bottom of the well 5; and
  • when removing the spindle 6 after casting, there is a risk of adhesion between the metal thereof and that of the cylinder head 1, which results in premature wear of this type of material.

Les figures 2 et 3 représentent une autre configuration de distribution où la culasse 1 est de plus traversée de part en part par un perçage P perpendiculaire aux puits 5 en traversant ceux-ci au voisinage de leurs extrémités inférieures de façon à permettre une circulaton d'air évitant toute condensation, source de mauvais allumage. Cependant, cette réalisation connue outre les inconvénients déjà mentionnés précédemment en rapport avec la figure 1, a également pour inconvénient que le perçage P en communication avec les puits de bougie 5 est onéreux et est exécuté dans une masse de matière de la culasse réservée à cet effet dans la chambre d'eau, ce qui complique le moulage et augmente les risques de défauts dans la matière, notamment l'apparition de criques.Figures 2 and 3 show another distribution configuration where the cylinder head 1 is also traversed right through by a bore P perpendicular to the wells 5 by crossing the latter near their lower ends so as to allow a circulation of air preventing condensation, source of poor ignition. However, this known embodiment, in addition to the drawbacks already mentioned above in connection with FIG. 1, also has the drawback that the drilling P in communication with the spark plug wells 5 is expensive and is carried out in a mass of cylinder head material reserved for this purpose. effect in the water chamber, which complicates molding and increases the risk of faults in the material, in particular the appearance of cracks.

GB-A-1 256 401 décrit une culasse d'un moteur à combustion interne, obtenue par moulage et qui comprend un puits de bougie en forme de pièce tubulaire rapportée après le moulage de la culasse. Ainsi, ce document antérieur ne pose pas le problème de réalisation de puits de bougie lors du moulage de la culasse.GB-A-1 256 401 describes a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, obtained by molding and which comprises a spark plug well in the form of a tubular piece added after the molding of the cylinder head. Thus, this prior document does not pose the problem of producing spark plug wells during the molding of the cylinder head.

GB-A-1 075 951 concerne la fixation de conduits d'admission et d'échappement dans une culasse, mais ce document est muet sur la façon dont l'élément tubulaire 19 ou 20 est positionné par rapport au noyau en sable 22.GB-A-1 075 951 relates to the fixing of intake and exhaust ducts in a cylinder head, but this document is silent on how the tubular element 19 or 20 is positioned relative to the sand core 22.

FR-A-2 431 335 évoque les difficultés de mise en place d'inserts métalliques dans un moule mais propose un procédé complétement éloigné du procédé faisant l'objet de l'invention et consistant à projeter à chaud une couche métallique sur un noyau préalablement durci.FR-A-2 431 335 discusses the difficulties of placing metal inserts in a mold but proposes a process which is completely distant from the process which is the subject of the invention and which consists in hot spraying a metal layer onto a core beforehand hardened.

La présente invention a pour but d'éliminer les inconvénients ci-dessus en proposant un procédé de réalisation d'au moins un puits de bougie dans une culasse d'un moteur à combustion interne obtenue par moulage, du type où le moule de la culasse comprend plusieurs noyaux différents correspondant respectivement à des parties évidées de la culasse à mouler comportant notamment les conduits d'admission et d'échappement et les chambres d'huile et d'eau, les noyaux étant constitués de sable comprimé et préalablement réalisés dans des boîtes à noyaux et consistant à introduire dans l'un approprié des noyaux un élément tubulaire constituant le puits de bougie, à maintenir fermement cet élément tubulaire dans le noyau par un élément de maintien solidaire de l'élément tubulaire et fixé dans le noyau après compression du sable constituant le noyau et à ensuite placer et maintenir l'ensemble noyau - élément tubulaire dans le moule de la culasse pendant l'opération de coulage de cette dernière.The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks by proposing a method for producing at least one spark plug well in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine obtained by molding, of the type where the cylinder head mold comprises several different cores corresponding respectively to hollowed out parts of the cylinder head to be molded comprising in particular the intake and exhaust conduits and the oil and water chambers, the cores being made of compressed sand and previously produced in boxes with cores and consisting in introducing into a suitable one of the cores a tubular element constituting the spark plug well, firmly holding this tubular element in the core by a holding element integral with the tubular element and fixed in the core after compression of the sand constituting the core and then to place and maintain the core - tubular element assembly in the cylinder head mold during the operation pouring ration of the latter.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, l'élément de maintien est constitué par une collerette solidaire du corps de l'élément tubulaire.According to a characteristic of the invention, the holding element is constituted by a collar secured to the body of the tubular element.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'élément tubulaire est maintenu dans le noyau de la chambre d'huile précitée et est en outre introduit par sa partie inférieure dans le noyau de la chambre d'eau situé en-dessous du noyau de la chambre d'huile.According to another characteristic of the invention, the tubular element is held in the core of the aforementioned oil chamber and is further introduced by its lower part into the core of the water chamber situated below the core of the oil chamber.

Avantageusement, l'élément tubulaire est positionné dans le moule de la culasse par un pied de positionnement solidaire du couvercle du moule et engagé dans la partie supérieure de l'élément tubulaire jusqu'à venir en butée par un épaulement sur le bord de l'ouverture supérieure de l'élément tubulaire.Advantageously, the tubular element is positioned in the cylinder head mold by a positioning foot integral with the mold cover and engaged in the upper part of the tubular element until it comes into abutment by a shoulder on the edge of the upper opening of the tubular element.

Selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'élément de maintien précité est constitué par un élément tubulaire de support rendu solidaire du noyau de la chambre à eau précitée et fixé sensiblement à la partie inférieure de l'élément tubulaire.According to a second embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned holding element is constituted by a tubular support element made integral with the core of the aforementioned water chamber and fixed substantially to the lower part of the tubular element.

L'élément tubulaire de puits de bougie est maintenu en position fixe dans le moule de la culasse pendant l'opération de coulage de cette dernière par l'élément tubulaire de support précité qui reste dans la culasse à son état final et met en communication l'élément de puits de bougie avec l'atmosphère.The spark plug well tubular element is held in a fixed position in the cylinder head mold during the casting operation of the latter by the aforementioned tubular support element which remains in the cylinder head in its final state and puts in communication l candle well element with atmosphere.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, pour la réalisation de plusieurs puits de bougie associés respectivement à plusieurs cylindres du moteur, les éléments de puits de bougie sont supportés par plusieurs éléments de support successivement alignés communiquant entre eux au travers des éléments de puits de bougie, les deux éléments de support extrêmes étant solidarisés au moule de la culasse pendant le coulage de cette dernière.According to a characteristic of the invention, for the production of several spark plug wells associated respectively with several engine cylinders, the spark plug well elements are supported by several successively aligned support elements communicating with each other through spark plug well elements , the two extreme support elements being secured to the mold of the cylinder head during the casting of the latter.

Selon une autre caractéristique, les différents éléments tubulaires précités sont solidarisés entre eux avant leur mise en place dans une boîte à noyaux destinés à former des chambres d'eau de la culasse lors du moulage, la partie inférieure de chaque élément tubulaire de puits de bougie est emprisonnée dans le noyau correspondant constitué de sable comprimé et l'ensemble éléments tubulaires-noyaux est ensuite positionné dans le moule de la culasse.According to another characteristic, the different the aforementioned tubular elements are joined together before their installation in a core box intended to form water chambers of the cylinder head during molding, the lower part of each tubular candle well element is trapped in the corresponding core constituted of compressed sand and the tubular elements-cores assembly is then positioned in the cylinder head mold.

Avantageusement, les éléments tubulaires de support ont une section rectangulaire ou carrée et les différents éléments tubulaires sont solidarisés entre eux par soudage.Advantageously, the tubular support elements have a rectangular or square section and the various tubular elements are joined together by welding.

Chaque élément tubulaire de puits de bougie est positionné dans le moule de la culasse par un pied de positionnement solidaire du couvercle du moule et engagé dans la partie supérieure de l'élément tubulaire de puits de bougie.Each tubular spark plug well element is positioned in the cylinder head mold by a positioning foot integral with the mold cover and engaged in the upper part of the tubular spark plug well element.

Après coulage de la culasse, l'élément tubulaire est percé à son fond pour communiquer avec un trou taraudé prévu dans la culasse pour le passage du culot fileté d'une bougie d'allumage et sa fixation dans la culasse.After casting the cylinder head, the tubular element is drilled at its bottom to communicate with a threaded hole provided in the cylinder head for the passage of the threaded base of a spark plug and its fixing in the cylinder head.

L'invention propose également un ensemble noyau-élément de puits de bougie destiné à être utilisé pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé du premier mode de réalisation défini ci-dessus et caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un corps tubulaire comportant un fond, une ouverture supérieure opposée au fond pour le passage d'une bougie d'allumage et une collerette soldidaire du corps de l'élément tubulaire et assurant le maintien en position de l'élément tubulaire dans le noyau de la chambre d'huile après compression de la matière le constituant.The invention also provides a core-element candle well element intended to be used for the implementation of the method of the first embodiment defined above and characterized in that it comprises a tubular body comprising a bottom, a upper opening opposite the bottom for the passage of a spark plug and a soldar collar of the body of the tubular element and ensuring the maintenance in position of the tubular element in the core of the oil chamber after compression of the constituent material.

Avantageusement, le bord de l'ouverture supérieure de l'élément tubulaire comprend un collet.Advantageously, the edge of the upper opening of the tubular element comprises a collar.

La paroi latérale de l'élément tubulaire a une épaisseur relativement faible, par exemple d'environ 1 à 1,5 mm.The side wall of the tubular element has a relatively small thickness, for example around 1 to 1.5 mm.

La collerette est soit rapportée par soudage à l'élément tubulaire, soit obtenue par déformation de celui-ci et l'élément tubulaire est en acier ou en aluminium.The flange is either attached by welding to the tubular element, or obtained by deformation of the latter and the tubular element is made of steel or aluminum.

Selon une variante d'exécution, l'élément tubulaire est en céramique et la collerette vient de forme avec l'élément tubulaire.According to an alternative embodiment, the tubular element is made of ceramic and the collar comes in shape with the tubular element.

L'invention porpose également un ensemble d'éléments destiné à la formation d'au moins un puits de bougie suivant le second mode de réalisation et caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un élémént tubulaire de puits de bougie et au moins un élément tubulaire de support de l'élément de puits de bougie fixé, de préférence par soudage, perpendiculairement à ce dernier en y débouchant.The invention also provides a set of elements intended for the formation of at least one candle well according to the second embodiment and characterized in that it comprises at least one tubular element of candle well and at least one element tubular support for the spark plug well element fixed, preferably by welding, perpendicular to the latter by opening therein.

Dans le cas de plusieurs puits de bougie à former, l'ensemble comprend plusieurs éléments tubulaires de support d'éléments de puits de bougie et successivement alignés, deux éléments de support successifs débouchant dans un même élément de puits de bougie.In the case of several spark plug wells to be formed, the assembly comprises several tubular elements for supporting spark plug well elements and successively aligned, two successive support elements opening into the same spark plug well element.

Avantageusement, chaque élément tubulaire précité a une épaisseur relativement faible, d'environ 1 à 1,5 mm.Advantageously, each aforementioned tubular element has a relatively small thickness, of approximately 1 to 1.5 mm.

L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, caractéristiques, détails et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description explicative qui va suivre faite en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple illustrant plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'invention, et dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 représente une partie de culasse où les puits de bougie sont réalisés lors du moulage de celle-ci suivant un procédé antérieurement connu;
  • La figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une partie de culasse où les puits de bougie sont réalisés lors du moulage de la culasse suivant un procédé antérieurement connu;
  • La figure 3 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne III-III de la figure 2;
  • La figure 4 est une vue en coupe transversale simplifiée d'un moule d'une culasse suivant un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • La figure 5 représente en coupe transversale une boîte à noyau d'une chambre d'huile de la culasse pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé conforme au premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • La figure 6 représente une variante de réalisation d'un élément de puits de bougie conforme à l'invention ;
  • La figure 7 est une vue en coupe transversale identique à celle de la figure 4 et représentant la culasse terminée ;
  • La figure 8 est une vue en coupe transversale d'une culasse terminée suivant un second mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • La figure 9 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une partie de la culasse suivant la ligne IX-IX de la figure 8 ; et
  • La figure 10 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un moule de la culasse conforme au second mode de réalisation de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood, and other aims, characteristics, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the explanatory description which follows, made with reference to the appended schematic drawings given solely by way of example illustrating several embodiments of the invention, and in which:
  • Figure 1 shows a cylinder head portion where the spark plug wells are made during molding thereof according to a previously known method;
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a cylinder head portion where the spark plug wells are made during the molding of the cylinder head according to a previously known method;
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view along line III-III of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a simplified cross-sectional view a mold of a cylinder head according to a first embodiment of the invention;
  • 5 shows in cross section a core box of an oil chamber of the cylinder head for the implementation of the method according to the first embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 6 represents an alternative embodiment of a spark plug well element according to the invention;
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view identical to that of Figure 4 and showing the finished cylinder head;
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a finished cylinder head according to a second embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of part of the cylinder head along line IX-IX of Figure 8; and
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of a mold of the cylinder head according to the second embodiment of the invention.

La figure 7 représente une partie de la culasse 1 d'un moteur à combustion destiné à être monté sur un véhicule automobile. La culasse 1 est par exemple réalisée en alliage léger coulé selon la technique dite "coquille", soit sous basse pression, soit par gravité et comprend généralement, comme cela est déjà connu en soi, une chambre d'huile 2, une chambre d'eau 3 située en dessous de la chambre d'huile 2 et des conduits d'admission 4a et d'échappement 4b. Les traits mixtes symbolisent les capots de protection C de la distribution (non représentée) du moteur et qui sont fixés sur la culasse 1. Les axes obliques X1-X2 et X3-X4 symbolisent respectivement les axes de passage des guides de soupapes d'échappement et d'admission (non représentées) qui sont commandées par la distribution suivant laquelle se font l'admission et l'échappement du fluide moteur.FIG. 7 represents a part of the cylinder head 1 of a combustion engine intended to be mounted on a motor vehicle. The cylinder head 1 is for example made of light alloy cast according to the so-called "shell" technique, either under low pressure or by gravity and generally comprises, as is already known per se, an oil chamber 2, a water 3 located below the oil chamber 2 and the intake 4a and exhaust 4b conduits. The mixed lines symbolize the protective covers C of the engine distribution (not shown) and which are fixed on the cylinder head 1. The oblique axes X1-X2 and X3-X4 respectively symbolize the axes of passage of the guides of exhaust and intake valves ( not shown) which are controlled by the distribution according to which the intake and exhaust of the working fluid take place.

Les chambres d'huile 2 et d'eau 3 entourent sensiblement coaxialement un puits de bougie 5 destiné à recevoir une bougie d'allumage 7 dont seuls la partie supérieure 7a et le culot fileté 7b ont été représentés. Le puits de bougie 5 comporte en son fond un perçage 8 pour le passage du culot fileté 7b de la bougie d'allumage 7, qui se visse dans un trou taraudé correspondant 9 de la culasse 1 de façon que les électrodes de la bougie 7 se trouvent dans la chambre de combustion 10 délimitée par la culasse 1.The oil 2 and water 3 chambers substantially coaxially surround a spark plug well 5 intended to receive a spark plug 7 of which only the upper part 7a and the threaded base 7b have been shown. The spark plug well 5 has at its bottom a hole 8 for the passage of the threaded base 7b of the spark plug 7, which is screwed into a corresponding tapped hole 9 of the cylinder head 1 so that the electrodes of the spark plug 7 found in the combustion chamber 10 delimited by the cylinder head 1.

Selon l'invention, le puits de bougie 5 comprend un élément tubulaire 11 de forme cylindrique de révolution inséré dans la culasse 1 lors de la coulée de celle-ci. L'élément 11, disposé dans le cas présent verticalement dans la culasse 1, a sa paroi latérale formant corps 11a d'une épaisseur relativement faible, par exemple de 1 à 1,5 mm et peut être réalisé en acier, en aluminium ou en céramique. L'élément tubulaire 11 comporte une collerette 11b qui est rapportée dans le cas présent par soudage au corps 11a de celui-ci mais qui peut également être réalisée par déformation de l'élément tubulaire 11 comme représenté en figure 6. La collerette 11b peut également être venue de forme avec l'élément tubulaire 11 dans le cas où celui-ci est en céramique. L'élément tubulaire 11 comporte également un collet 11c formé par relevage du bord de l'ouverture supérieure de l'élément 11 opposée à son fond comportant le perçage 8.According to the invention, the spark plug well 5 comprises a tubular element 11 of cylindrical shape of revolution inserted in the cylinder head 1 during the casting thereof. The element 11, arranged in the case present vertically in the cylinder head 1, has its side wall forming a body 11a of a relatively small thickness, for example from 1 to 1.5 mm and can be made of steel, aluminum or ceramic. The tubular element 11 comprises a collar 11b which is attached in the present case by welding to the body 11a of the latter but which can also be produced by deformation of the tubular element 11 as shown in FIG. 6. The collar 11b can also have come in shape with the tubular element 11 in the case where the latter is ceramic. The tubular element 11 also includes a collar 11c formed by lifting the edge of the upper opening of the element 11 opposite its bottom comprising the bore 8.

Le procédé suivant lequel l'élément tubulaire 11 est inséré dans la culasse 1 va être maintenant expliqué en référence aux figures 4 et 5.The method according to which the tubular element 11 is inserted into the cylinder head 1 will now be explained with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.

La figure 4 représente le moule pour la coulée de la culasse 1 et qui est du type comprenant différents noyaux correspondants aux parties évidées de la culasse à mouler et constituées notamment par les conduits d'admission 4a et d'échappement 4b, la chambre d'huile 2 et la chambre d'eau 3. Ainsi, les noyaux 12-15 correspondent respectivement aux chambres d'huile 2 et d'eau 3 et aux conduits d'admission 4a et d'échappement 4b et sont de préférence constitués de sable comprimé permettant à la coulée la réserve de ces parties évidées. Ces noyaux 12-15 sont préalablement réalisés dans des boîtes à noyaux, dont la plus importante pour l'invention est la boîte à noyau 16 de la chambre d'huile 2 représentée en figure 5. La boîte 16 qui permet ainsi de réaliser le noyau 12 de la chambre d'huile 2 comprend trois parties 16a, 16b et 16c définissant, lorsque assemblées ensemble, une chambre interne dans laquelle est formé et comprimé le sable du noyau 12. Les parties 16a-16c de la boîte à noyau 16, une fois le noyau 11 réalisé, sont retirées comme indiqué par les flèches F1 à F3 pour récupération du noyau 12.FIG. 4 represents the mold for the casting of the cylinder head 1 and which is of the type comprising different cores corresponding to the hollowed-out parts of the cylinder head to be molded and constituted in particular by the intake 4a and exhaust 4b conduits, the chamber oil 2 and the water chamber 3. Thus, the cores 12-15 correspond respectively to the oil 2 and water 3 chambers and to the intake 4a and exhaust 4b conduits and preferably consist of compressed sand allowing the reserve of these hollow parts to be cast. These cores 12-15 are previously produced in core boxes, the most important of which for the invention is the core box 16 of the oil chamber 2 shown in FIG. 5. The box 16 which thus makes it possible to produce the core 12 of the oil chamber 2 comprises three parts 16a, 16b and 16c defining, when assembled together, an internal chamber in which the core sand 12 is formed and compressed. The parts 16a-16c of the core box 16, a once the core 11 has been made, are removed as indicated by the arrows F1 to F3 for recovery of the core 12.

L'élément tubulaire 11 est introduit dans le sable constituant le noyau 12 dans lequel il est solidement maintenu, après compression du sable dans la boîte 16, par la collerette 11b, de façon à ne pas glisser après le retrait de la boîte 16 au démoulage du noyau 12. L'élément tubulaire 11 se trouve ainsi emprisonné dans le noyau 12 avec sa partie supérieure comportant le collet 11c et sa partie inférieure en dehors du noyau 12. La collerette 11b est située à mi-hauteur de l'élément tubulaire 11 mais il est évident que sa position est déterminée par sa fonction qui est d'assurer le maintien de l'élément 11 dans le noyau 12.The tubular element 11 is introduced into the sand constituting the core 12 in which it is securely held, after compression of the sand in the box 16, by the flange 11b, so as not to slip after the withdrawal of the box 16 during demolding. of the core 12. The tubular element 11 is thus trapped in the core 12 with its upper part comprising the collar 11c and its lower part outside the core 12. The collar 11b is located halfway up the tubular element 11, but it is obvious that its position is determined by its function which is to maintain the element 11 in the core 12.

L'ensemble noyau 12-élément tubulaire 11 est ensuite placé dans le moule de la culasse 1, l'élément tubulaire étant en outre introduit par sa partie inférieure à l'intérieur du noyau 13 de la chambre d'eau 3 dans lequel a été préalablement réalisé un trou de passage correspondant pour permettre cette introduction. Le moule de la culasse 1 est composé de façon conventionnelle d'un socle 17 comportant une partie métallique 18 assurant l'effet de compression lors de la coulée de la culasse 1, d'une chape latérale 19 et d'un couvercle 20. Les différents noyaux, notamment les noyaux 12 et 13 sont maintenus dans le moule de la culasse 1 par des moyens appropriés, non représentés, permettant également le maintien en position de l'élément tubulaire 11 lors de la coulée de la culasse 1. Le couvercle 20 comporte, approximativement en son centre et solidaire de celui-ci, un pied 21 à épaulement 22 s'engageant dans la partie supérieure de l'élément tubulaire 11 pour assurer son positionnement ou centrage dans le moule de la culasse 1 avec l'épaulement 22 venant en appui sur le collet 11c de l'élément tubulaire 11.The core 12-tubular element 11 assembly is then placed in the cylinder head mold 1, the tubular element being further introduced by its lower part inside the core 13 of the water chamber 3 in which has been previously made a corresponding passage hole to allow this introduction. The cylinder head mold 1 is conventionally composed of a base 17 comprising a metal part 18 ensuring the compression effect during the casting of the cylinder head 1, a side yoke 19 and a cover 20. The different cores, in particular the cores 12 and 13 are held in the mold of the cylinder head 1 by suitable means, not shown, also allowing the tubular element 11 to be held in position during the casting of the cylinder head 1. The cover 20 comprises, approximately at its center and integral with it, a foot 21 with shoulder 22 engaging in the upper part of the tubular element 11 to ensure its positioning or centering in the mold of the cylinder head 1 with the shoulder 22 coming to bear on the collar 11c of the tubular element 11.

Après coulage de la culasse 1 et refroidissement de celle-ci, l'élément tubulaire 11 se trouve en partie noyé dans la culasse 1 comme représenté à la figure 7 et on a réalisé le perçage 8 au fond 11d de l'élément tubulaire 11 pour communiquer avec le trou taraudé 9 dans lequel est vissé le culot 7b de la bougie d'allumage 7.After casting the cylinder head 1 and cooling it, the tubular element 11 is partially embedded in the cylinder head 1 as shown in FIG. 7 and the hole 8 has been made in the bottom 11d of the tubular element 11 for communicate with the tapped hole 9 into which the base 7b of the spark plug 7 is screwed.

L'épaisseur relativement faible de l'élément tubulaire 11 mentionnée précédemment assure à cet élément une bonne tenue mécanique tout en permettant de gagner environ 3 mm sur cette épaisseur par rapport au puits obtenu par coulage suivant la méthode représentée en figure 1. Ce gain d'épaisseur rend moins critique la présence des zones correspondant à la chambre d'eau 3 dans laquelle circule l'eau de refroidissement entre chaque puits de bougie et les guides de soupape. En effet, dans certaines configurations de moteur, notamment lorsqu'il est nécessaire d'incliner le puits de bougie 5 du côté des conduits d'échappement ou d'admission dans la culasse 1, il existe des endroits où il n'y a pratiquement plus de place pour créer le passage d'eau. Ainsi, le gain de 3 mm en épaisseur réalisé grâce à l'élément tubulaire 11 de l'invention permet de créer plus facilement le film d'eau nécessaire au refroidissement.The relatively small thickness of the tubular element 11 mentioned above ensures that this element has good mechanical strength while making it possible to gain approximately 3 mm over this thickness relative to the well obtained by casting according to the method represented in FIG. 1. This gain in thickness makes the presence of the zones corresponding to the water chamber 3 in which the cooling water circulates between each spark plug well and the valve guides less critical. Indeed, in certain engine configurations, in particular when it is necessary to tilt the spark plug well 5 on the side of the exhaust or intake ducts in the cylinder head 1, there are places where there is practically no more room to create the water passage. Thus, the gain of 3 mm in thickness achieved thanks to the tubular element 11 of the invention makes it easier to create the film of water necessary for cooling.

En se référant au mode de réalisation des figures 8 à 10, où les mêmes références que celles utilisées figures précédentes désignent des pièces identiques, chaque puits de bougie 5 est également formé par un élément tubulaire 11 de forme cylindrique de révolution inséré dans la culasse 1 lors de la coulée de celle-ci. L'élément 11, disposé dans le cas présent verticalement dans la culasse 1, a sa paroi latérale d'une épaisseur relativement faible, par exemple de 1 à 1,5 mm et peut être réalisé par exemple en acier. Des éléments tubulaires 23, de préférence en un matériau identique à celui des éléments 11 et de section rectangulaire ou carrée, sont également insérés dans la culasse 1 lors de sa coulée et sont successivement alignés transversalement à l'axe longitudinal des éléments tubulaires 11 de puits de bougie. Deux éléments successifs 23 débouchant dans un même élément de puits de bougie 11 à la partie inférieure de ce dernier et les deux éléments tubulaires extrêmes 23 communiquent avec l'atmosphère de façon à permettre une circulation d'air dans la culasse 1 au travers des éléments tubulaires 11 et 23. Le nombre d'éléments 23 dépend bien entendu du nombre de cylindres du moteur.Referring to the embodiment of Figures 8 to 10, where the same references as those used in the preceding figures designate identical parts, each spark plug well 5 is also formed by a tubular element 11 of cylindrical shape of revolution inserted in the cylinder head 1 during the casting of it. The element 11, arranged in the case present vertically in the cylinder head 1, has its side wall of a relatively small thickness, for example from 1 to 1.5 mm and can be made for example of steel. Tubular elements 23, preferably made of a material identical to that of elements 11 and of rectangular or square section, are also inserted into the cylinder head 1 during its casting and are successively aligned transversely to the longitudinal axis of the tubular elements 11 of wells candle. Two successive elements 23 opening into the same well element spark plug 11 at the bottom of the latter and the two extreme tubular elements 23 communicate with the atmosphere so as to allow air circulation in the cylinder head 1 through the tubular elements 11 and 23. The number of elements 23 of course depends on the number of engine cylinders.

Le procédé suivant lequel les éléments tubulaires 11 et 23 sont insérés dans la culasse 1 va être maintenant expliqué en référence à la figure 10.The method according to which the tubular elements 11 and 23 are inserted into the cylinder head 1 will now be explained with reference to FIG. 10.

Cette figure représente le moule pour couler la culasse 1 et qui est du type comprenant différents noyaux correspondants aux parties évidées de la culasse à mouler et constituées par les conduits d'admission 4a et d'échappement 4b, la chambre d'huile 2 et la chambre d'eau 3. Ainsi, les noyaux 12-15 correspondent respectivement aux chambres d'huile 2 et d'eau 3 et aux conduits d'admission 4a et d'échappement 4b et sont de préférence constitués de sable comprimé permettant à la coulée la réserve de ces parties évidées. Les noyaux 12-15 sont préalablement réalisés dans des boîtes à noyaux connues en soi, lesquels noyaux une fois formés, sont maintenus dans le moule de la culasse 1 par des moyens appropriés connus en soi et non représentés.This figure shows the mold for casting the cylinder head 1 and which is of the type comprising different cores corresponding to the recessed parts of the cylinder head to be molded and formed by the intake 4a and exhaust 4b conduits, the oil chamber 2 and the water chamber 3. Thus, the cores 12-15 correspond respectively to the oil 2 and water 3 chambers and to the intake 4a and exhaust 4b conduits and are preferably made of compressed sand allowing the casting the reservation of these hollowed out parts. The cores 12-15 are previously produced in core boxes known per se, which cores, once formed, are held in the mold of the cylinder head 1 by suitable means known per se and not shown.

Les différents éléments tubulaires 11 et 23 sont mis en place dans la boîte de formation des noyaux 13 correspondant aux chambres d'eau 3 de la culasse 1. Avant leur mise en place dans cette boîte, les éléments tubulaires 23 sont solidarisés par soudage aux éléments tubulaires 11 pour former ainsi un ensemble inséparable à caractéristiques géométrique et dimensionnelles connues maîtrisables. Une fois l'ensemble unitaire ainsi formé positionné dans la boîte à noyaux, le sable de formation du noyau 13 est comprimé autour de la partie inférieure des éléments de puits de bougie 11. L'ensemble éléments 11, 23 et noyaux 13 est ensuite retiré de la boîte à noyaux et introduit dans le moule 1 pour y être maintenu en position fixe. Bien entendu, chaque élément tubulaire 11 est introduit au travers d'un trou de passage correspondant préalablement réalisé dans le noyau d'huile correspondant 12 et les deux extrémités libres respectivement des deux éléments extrêmes de support 11 sont solidarisées de façon adéquate au moule. Ce dernier est composé de façon conventionnelle d'un socle 17 comportant une partie métallique 18 assurant l'effet de compression lors de la coulée de la culasse 1, d'une chape latérale 19 et d'un couvercle 20. Ce dernier comporte, approximativement en son centre et solidaire de celui-ci, des pieds 21 s'engageant respectivement dans les parties supérieures de l'élément tubulaire 11 pour assurer son positionnement ou centrage dans le moule de la culasse 1.The various tubular elements 11 and 23 are put in place in the box for forming the cores 13 corresponding to the water chambers 3 of the cylinder head 1. Before being placed in this box, the tubular elements 23 are joined by welding to the elements. tubular 11 to thereby form an inseparable assembly with controllable known geometric and dimensional characteristics. Once the unitary assembly thus formed positioned in the core box, the core formation sand 13 is compressed around the part bottom of the spark plug well elements 11. The assembly of elements 11, 23 and cores 13 is then removed from the core box and introduced into the mold 1 to be held there in a fixed position. Of course, each tubular element 11 is introduced through a corresponding passage hole previously made in the corresponding oil core 12 and the two free ends respectively of the two end support elements 11 are suitably secured to the mold. The latter is conventionally composed of a base 17 comprising a metal part 18 ensuring the compression effect during the casting of the cylinder head 1, a side yoke 19 and a cover 20. The latter comprises, approximately in its center and integral with it, feet 21 respectively engaging in the upper parts of the tubular element 11 to ensure its positioning or centering in the mold of the cylinder head 1.

Après coulage de la culasse 1 et refroidissement de celle-ci, chaque élément tubulaire 11 est noyé dans la culasse comme représenté en figure 8 et le perçage 8 est réalisé au fond de l'élément tubulaire 11 pour communiquer avec le trou taraudé 9 dans lequel est vissé le culot de la bougie d'allumage 7.After casting the cylinder head 1 and cooling it, each tubular element 11 is embedded in the cylinder head as shown in Figure 8 and the hole 8 is made at the bottom of the tubular element 11 to communicate with the threaded hole 9 in which is screwed on the spark plug cap 7.

La culasse 1 conforme à l'invention est ainsi pourvue d'éléments 23 formant conduits d'aération par circulation d'air venant de fonderie communiquant avec les éléments de puits de bougie 11 et la circulation de l'eau dans la chambre 3 sera optimum puisqu'un meilleur refroidissement de la culasse en cours de fonctionnement est réalisé grâce à la relativement faible épaisseur des éléments de puits de bougies 11.The cylinder head 1 according to the invention is thus provided with elements 23 forming ventilation ducts by air circulation coming from foundry communicating with the spark plug well elements 11 and the circulation of water in the chamber 3 will be optimum since better cooling of the cylinder head during operation is achieved thanks to the relatively small thickness of the spark plug well elements 11.

Claims (21)

  1. Method of providing at least one spark plug well in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, obtained through molding, of the type wherein the mold of the cylinder head comprises several different cores (12-15) corresponding to recessed portions (2, 3, 4a, 4b), respectively, of the cylinder head to be molded comprising in particular intake and exhausted ducts (4a) and (4b) and the oil and water chambers (2) and (3), the cores (12-15) consisting of compressed sand and being previously made within core boxes (16) and consisting in inserting in a suitable one (12 ;13) of the cores a tubular element (11) constituting the spark plug well, in firmly maintaining this tubular element (11) within the core (12 ; 13) by a holding element (11b, 23) made fast to the tubular element (11) and fastened within the core (12 ; 13) after the compression of the sand constituting the core (12 ; 13) and then in placing and maintaining the core (12 ; 13) -tubular element (11) assembly within the mold of the cylinder head (1) during the step of casting the latter.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforesaid holding element is constituted by a collar (11b) made fast to the body (11a) of the tubular element (11).
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tubular element (11) is maintained within the core (12) of the aforesaid oil chamber (2) and is moreover inserted with its lower portion into the core (13) of the water chamber (3) located underneath the core (12) of the oil chamber (2).
  4. Method according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the tubular element (11) is positioned within the mold of the cylinder head (1) by a positioning foot (21) made fast to the cover (20) of the mold and inserted into the upper portion of the tubular element (11) until abutting with a shoulder (22) thereof onto the edge of the upper opening of the tubular element (11).
  5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforesaid holding element is constituted by a tubular support element (23) made fast to the core (13) of the aforesaid water chamber (3) and fastened substantially to the lower portion of the tubular element (11).
  6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the tubular element (11) of the spark plug well is kept in a stationary position within the mold of the cylinder head (1) during the step of casting this latter by the tubular support element (23) which remains within the cylinder head (1) in its final state and puts the spark plug well element (11) in communication with the atmosphere.
  7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that for making several spark plug wells (5) associated with several cylinders, respectively, of the engine, it consists in supporting the spark plug well elements (11) by several successively aligned support elements (23) communicating with each other through the spark plug well elements (11), both end support elements (23) being made fast to the mold of the cylinder head (1) during the casting of this latter.
  8. Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that it consists in making the aforesaid different tubular elements (11, 23) fast to each other prior to their positioning in a box (13) for cores intended to form the water chambers (3) of the cylinder head after molding, to entrap the lower portion of each spark plug well tubular element (11) in the corresponding core (13) consisting of compressed sand and then in positioning the tubular elements (11, 23) -cores (13) assembly within the mold of the cylinder head (1).
  9. Method according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the aforesaid tubular support elements (23) have a rectangular or square section.
  10. Method according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the different aforesaid tubular elements (11, 23) are made fast by welding.
  11. Method according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that each tubular element (11) is positioned within the mold of the cylinder head (1) by a positioning foot (21) made fast to the cover (20) of the mold and engaging the lower portion of the tubular element (11).
  12. Method according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that after the casting of the cylinder head (1) the tubular element (11) ist drilled through its bottom (11d) to communicate with a tapped hole (9) provided in the cylinder head (1) for the passage of the threaded body (7b) of a spark plug (7) and its fastening into the cylinder head (1).
  13. Core (12) -spark plug well element assembly intended to be used for carrying out the method such as defined in at least the claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a tubular body (11a) comprising a bottom (11d), a top opening opposite to the bottom (11d) for the passage of a spark plug (7) and a collar (11b) made fast to the body (11a) of the tubular element (11) and insuring the holding in position of the tubular element (11) within the core (12) of the oil chamber (2) after compression of the material constituting the said core (12).
  14. Core (12) -spark plug well element assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that the edge of the top opening of the tubular element (11) comprises a flange (11c).
  15. Core (12) -spark plug well element assembly according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the side wall of the tubular element (11) has a relatively small thickness for example of about 1 to 1.5 mm.
  16. Core (12) -spark plug well element assembly according to claim (13), characterized in that the flange (11b) is secured by welding to the body (11a) of the tubular element (11) or obtained through deformation of this body.
  17. Core (12) -spark plug well element assembly according to claim 16, characterized in that the tubular element (11) is made from steel or from aluminium.
  18. Core (12) -spark plug well element assembly according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the tubular element (11) is made from ceramic and the flange (11b) is shaped together with the tubular element (11).
  19. Assembly of elements intended for the formation of at least one spark plug well according to the method such as defined in at least the claim 6, characterized in that it comprises at least one tubular spark plug well element (11) and at least one tubular support element (23) for the spark plug well element (11) fastened preferably by welding perpendicularly to the latter while opening thereinto.
  20. Assembly according to claim 19, charcterized in that in the case of several spark plug wells (1) to be formed, it comprises several successively aligned tubular elements (23) for supporting tubular spark plug well elements (11), to successive support elements (23) opening into a same spark plug well element (11).
  21. Assembly according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that each aforesaid tubular element has a relatively small thickness of about 1 to 1.5 mm.
EP90403400A 1989-12-15 1990-11-29 Method for producing a sparkplug well in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0433125B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8916655A FR2656042B1 (en) 1989-12-15 1989-12-15 PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SPARK PLUG WELLS IN A CYLINDER HEAD OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND SPARK PLUG COMPONENT FOR USE IN CARRYING OUT THIS PROCESS.
FR8916655 1989-12-15
FR9006481 1990-05-23
FR9006481A FR2662471B1 (en) 1990-05-23 1990-05-23 METHOD FOR PRODUCING SPARK PLUG WELLS IN A CYLINDER HEAD OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND SET OF ELEMENTS FOR FORMING AT LEAST SUCH A SPARK PLUG WELL.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0433125A1 EP0433125A1 (en) 1991-06-19
EP0433125B1 true EP0433125B1 (en) 1993-12-15

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90403400A Expired - Lifetime EP0433125B1 (en) 1989-12-15 1990-11-29 Method for producing a sparkplug well in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0433125B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69005276T2 (en)

Cited By (1)

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DE102013214534A1 (en) * 2013-07-25 2015-01-29 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Casting device and casting process

Families Citing this family (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10117163A1 (en) * 2001-04-06 2002-10-10 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Insert tube for a cylinder head with a cover of an internal combustion engine
CN102877976A (en) * 2012-09-30 2013-01-16 于洪伟 Cylinder cap for engine and processing process thereof

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FR2581703A1 (en) * 1985-05-08 1986-11-14 Audi Ag LIQUID COOLED HEAD

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GB1075951A (en) * 1962-10-09 1967-07-19 Jeremy Robert Goddin Improvements in or relating to fluid-operated or fluid-operating machines of the reciprocatory type
GB1256401A (en) * 1969-05-22 1971-12-08 Rubery Owen & Co Ltd Improvements in cylinder heads for internal combustion engines
FR2431335A1 (en) * 1978-07-21 1980-02-15 Peugeot Coating of internal cavities in castings - esp. to provide thermal insulation preventing the cooling of exhaust gas in cylinder heads on IC engines
DE3340445A1 (en) * 1983-11-09 1985-05-15 Motoren-Werke Mannheim AG vorm. Benz Abt. stationärer Motorenbau, 6800 Mannheim CYLINDER HEAD
GB8332318D0 (en) * 1983-12-02 1984-01-11 Austin Rover Group Cylinder head
US4604779A (en) * 1984-02-27 1986-08-12 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Method of producing a cylinder head with a port liner
FR2578907B1 (en) * 1985-03-13 1989-06-16 Peugeot DEVICE FOR ACTUATING VALVES IN AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE COMPRISING FOUR VALVES INCLINED IN V AND A CENTRAL SPARK PLUG BY CYLINDER
US4858670A (en) * 1987-12-24 1989-08-22 Ford Motor Company Method of making and apparatus for monoblock engine construction

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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013214534A1 (en) * 2013-07-25 2015-01-29 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Casting device and casting process
US10618105B2 (en) 2013-07-25 2020-04-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Casting device and casting method
DE102013214534B4 (en) * 2013-07-25 2021-07-01 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Casting device and casting process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0433125A1 (en) 1991-06-19
DE69005276D1 (en) 1994-01-27
DE69005276T2 (en) 1994-07-21

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