EP0428953A1 - Armoured combat vehicle, especially tank - Google Patents

Armoured combat vehicle, especially tank Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0428953A1
EP0428953A1 EP90121524A EP90121524A EP0428953A1 EP 0428953 A1 EP0428953 A1 EP 0428953A1 EP 90121524 A EP90121524 A EP 90121524A EP 90121524 A EP90121524 A EP 90121524A EP 0428953 A1 EP0428953 A1 EP 0428953A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hatch
cover
hatch cover
combat vehicle
roof protection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90121524A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0428953B1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Dipl.-Ing. Sprafke
Michael Dipl.-Ing. Fehr
Rudolf Dipl.-Ing. Brockmeyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wegmann and Co GmbH
Original Assignee
Wegmann and Co GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Wegmann and Co GmbH filed Critical Wegmann and Co GmbH
Publication of EP0428953A1 publication Critical patent/EP0428953A1/en
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Publication of EP0428953B1 publication Critical patent/EP0428953B1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/22—Manhole covers, e.g. on tanks; Doors on armoured vehicles or structures
    • F41H5/223—Manhole covers specially adapted for armoured or fighting vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an armored combat vehicle, in particular a battle tank, with at least one hatch for getting in and out of the vehicle, which hatch can be closed with a hatch cover that completely covers the hatch in the closed state.
  • the hatch cover is raised after being unlocked and swiveled or folded or opened. Since modern combat vehicles must have a high level of ballistic protection, the hatch covers are heavy. This weight increases even more if the combat vehicle is to be equipped with reinforced armor protection, especially in view of the increased threat from the air. The weight of the hatch cover can increase several times, which leads to a very large mechanical effort in the construction of the opening and closing mechanisms.
  • the invention has for its object to design the hatch cover overall in a combat vehicle of the type mentioned above so that the space requirement is not significantly increased even with reinforced armor protection, and the opening and closing of the hatch can be realized relatively quickly without the operator doing more Force must be exerted than with known hatch covers.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to divide the hatch cover into a total of three partial covers, one partial cover corresponding to the conventional hatch cover, which, among other things, takes over the complete sealing of the hatch opening and above which the armor-protecting cover parts are arranged as roof protection covers, which represent two cover halves, which together cover the full opening area of the hatch cover.
  • roof protection covers represent two cover halves, which together cover the full opening area of the hatch cover.
  • these roof protection covers each have a semicircular outline, in the case of hatch openings of a different shape they can be designed in accordance with this shape. It is not absolutely necessary that the two roof protection covers have the same shape and the same wetness.
  • Both the roof protection cover and the hatch cover can perform opening and closing movements as are known per se with hatch covers.
  • the hatch cover and the two roof protection covers can be designed to be hinged upwards, as explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments.
  • the construction can also be chosen so that the two roof covers can be opened upwards, while the hatch cover is first lifted out of its closed position in a vertical movement, in order to then be pivoted away to the side about a vertical axis, as also below is described using an exemplary embodiment.
  • the two roof protection covers can also be designed so that they can be moved in opposite directions for opening and closing movement or can be pivoted away to the side.
  • the roof protection cover and the hatch cover are mounted on a rotating ring.
  • Compensating springs are used in a manner known per se to balance the weight during the opening and closing movements of the roof protection cover and the hatch cover.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a detail from the top of a main battle tank in the area of a hatch for boarding and alighting.
  • the top of the vehicle upper wall of the main battle tank is provided with armor 1, over which reinforced armor protection 2 is narrow is arranged.
  • the hatch opening can be closed on the inside with a hatch cover 3, which is connected to the vehicle top wall 1 via a spring-supported joint 3.2 and can be swung open about a pivot axis 3.1.
  • the hatch cover 3 In the closed state shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the hatch cover 3 completely covers the hatch opening, a seal 7 being arranged between the edge of the hatch cover and the edge of the hatch opening.
  • two roof protection covers 4 and 5 are arranged, which can also be opened outwards, specifically about pivot axes 4.1 and 5.1, which are arranged horizontally and parallel to one another and are perpendicular to the pivot axis 3.1 of the hatch cover 3.
  • the hatch opening is circular, and accordingly the hatch cover 3 has a circular shape, while the two roof protection covers have semicircular outlines, so that the entire hatch opening is also covered by the roof protection covers 4 and 5 lying in one plane in the closed state.
  • the two roof protection covers 4 and 5 are locked in the closed and open state by only indicated locking devices 4.3 and 5.3. In the open state, as indicated in FIG.
  • both the roof protection covers 4 and 5 and the hatch cover 3 are folded out at an opening angle of at least 90 °.
  • the hatch cover 3 is locked in the closed state by locking devices 3.3. In the open state, the hatch cover 3 is locked by the locking device 3.4.
  • Both the hatch cover 3 and the two roof protection covers 4 and are supported in a manner not shown by springs, so that they are relatively easy to fold up.
  • locking devices that allow the hatch cover 3 to be set to an intermediate position, for example of 30 ° as the fan position.
  • the two roof protection covers 4 and 5 are in all positions of the hatch cover 3 pivoted upwards by at least 90 ° in a locked position.
  • the hatch is opened and closed by means of a handwheel 6 which is arranged on the inside of the hatch cover 3.
  • the shaft 6.1 of the handwheel 6 is guided through the hatch cover 3 centrally and has a bevel gear 6.2 on the outside of the hatch cover 3, which meshes with two further bevel gears 6.3, which are seated on two transmission shafts 6.4.
  • These shafts are arranged radially on the outside of the hatch cover 3 and can be moved in the axial direction.
  • the hatch can then be operated from the inside, for example, as described below with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 5:
  • Fig. 5 shows the hatch in a partial representation with partial omission of the roof protection covers 4 and 5 in the closed, locked state.
  • the two roof protection covers 4, 5 are opened simultaneously. For reasons of simplification, only one cover side is considered below.
  • the roof protection cover 4 is unlocked from the inside via the device 4.3.
  • the hexagon head 6.14 of the handwheel shaft 6.1 as well as the bevel gears 6.2, 6.3, the transmission shaft 6.4 and the bevel gears 6.5, 6.7 of the roof protection cover 4, supported by a compensating spring, is moved into its open position, where it enters the locking device 6.3 clicks into place.
  • the handwheel is pulled downwards against the force of the compression spring 6.11, as a result of which the hexagon 6.14 of the handwheel shaft 6.1 disengages from the bevel gear 6.2 and engages in the cam disk with a screwed-on cam disk 6.16.
  • the locking lever 3.4 of the hatch cover 3 is unlocked and the hatch cover 3 is closed.
  • the hatch cover 3 is locked by pulling the handwheel 6 and turning it clockwise.
  • the locking lever 4.3 of the roof protection cover 4 is unlocked.
  • the handwheel 6 is pressed in the direction of the hatch cover 3 and the roof protection cover 4 is closed by turning to the right. Finally, the roof protection covers are locked.
  • All locking and locking devices are also accessible from the outside, so that the opening and closing of the hatch can also be done from the outside.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a variant of the hatch according to FIGS. 1 and 2, which differs from the above-described embodiment in that the hatch cover 3 and the two roof protection covers 4 are mounted on a common rotary ring 8 arranged in a recess in the reinforced armor 2 are, which is guided on the upper wall 1 in a manner not shown on ball-bearing rollers low friction.
  • the weight of the two roof protection covers 4 and 5 arranged at diametrically opposite points of the rotating ring 8 is largely compensated for.
  • the weight of the hatch cover 3 can be compensated for in that a MG mount is mounted on the rotating ring 8 in a manner not shown.
  • the rotating ring 8 can be provided with a brake, not shown, which holds the system in any angle of rotation. Otherwise, the opening device of this embodiment is configured exactly as in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, and the operation takes place in an analogous manner.
  • FIGS. 6 to 8 show an embodiment of a hatch which is constructed somewhat differently than the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • roof protection covers 14 and 15 are arranged above the hatch cover 13. As in the previously described embodiments, the roof protection covers 14 and 15 can be folded outwards about axes of rotation 14.1 and 15.1, respectively.
  • An additional joint 14.3 and 15.3 ensures that the roof protection covers 14 and 15 can each be opened by 180 ° and, in the open position indicated in FIG. 6, lie parallel to the top of the reinforced armor 12.
  • the opening and closing movement of the two roof protection covers 14 and 15 takes place via a handwheel 16 arranged on the hatch cover 13, which is connected to the opening devices 14.2 and 15.2 for the roof protection covers 14 and 15 via a bevel gear according to the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the hatch cover 13 is not opened up in this embodiment, but raised in the vertical direction and then pivoted away about a vertical axis to the side.
  • a lifting swivel mechanism 18 is used, on which the hatch cover 13 is suspended via a swivel arm 18.3.
  • the swivel arm 18.3 is fastened to a lifting column 18.1, which is guided in a lifting tube 18.2 which is fixedly connected to the upper wall 11 and can be displaced and rotated upwards and has a handle 18.4 at its lower end.
  • the opening of the hatch cover 13 is effected after unlocking and folding the two roof protection covers 14 and 15 in the manner already described, in that the hatch cover is first moved upward by means of the lifting swivel mechanism 18 by actuating the handle 14 and then into the position shown in FIG. 7 position indicated by dash-dotted lines is pivoted outwards by 180 °.
  • the hatch cover 13 must be raised so far that it can be pivoted over the two roof protection covers 14 and 15.
  • both the hatch cover 13 and the roof protection covers 14 and 15 can be locked and unlocked in their respective end positions. In this embodiment, too, the opening and closing of the hatch can be carried out from the outside.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
  • Window Of Vehicle (AREA)

Abstract

An armoured combat vehicle, especially a tank, having at least one hatch for climbing in and climbing out, which is arranged on the top side of the vehicle and which can be closed by means of a hatch cover (3) completely covering the hatch in the closed state. In order to limit the weight of the hatch cover (3) where strengthened armouring (1-2) is concerned, above the hatch cover (3) completely covering the hatch are arranged two further roof guard covers (4, 5) which can be swung away upwards and which, in the closed state, lie in a common plane and each partially cover the hatch in such a way that together they achieve a complete covering. The two roof guard covers (4, 5) can be actuated via a handwheel (6) which is arranged on the hatch cover (3) and which is connected via a bevel gear (6.2 to 6.8) to an opening device for the roof guard covers (4, 5). …<IMAGE>…

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein gepanzertes Kampffahrzeug, insbesondere einen Kampfpanzer, mit mindestens einer an der Fahrzeugoberseite angeordneten Luke zum Ein- und Aussteigen, die mit einem im geschlossenen Zustand die Luke vollständig abdeckenden Lukendeckel verschließbar ist.The invention relates to an armored combat vehicle, in particular a battle tank, with at least one hatch for getting in and out of the vehicle, which hatch can be closed with a hatch cover that completely covers the hatch in the closed state.

Bei derartigen bekannten Kampffahrzeugen wird der Luken­deckel nach dem Entriegeln angehoben und geschwenkt bzw. umgeklappt oder aufgeklappt. Da moderne Kampffahrzeuge einen hohen ballistischen Schutz besitzen müssen, weisen die Lukendeckel ein hohes Gewicht auf. Dieses Gewicht erhöht sich noch weiter, wenn das Kampffahrzeug mit einem verstärkten Panzerschutz, vor allem im Hinblick auf die erhöhte Bedrohung aus der Luft, versehen werden soll. Das Gewicht des Lukendeckels kann sich dabei auf das Mehrfache erhöhen, was zu einem sehr großen mechanischen Aufwand bei der Konstruktion der Öffnungs- und Schließmechanismen führt.In such known combat vehicles, the hatch cover is raised after being unlocked and swiveled or folded or opened. Since modern combat vehicles must have a high level of ballistic protection, the hatch covers are heavy. This weight increases even more if the combat vehicle is to be equipped with reinforced armor protection, especially in view of the increased threat from the air. The weight of the hatch cover can increase several times, which leads to a very large mechanical effort in the construction of the opening and closing mechanisms.

Es ist bereits bekannt (DE-OS 33 05 882), den Luken­deckel in zwei Deckelteile mit unterschiedlichen Funkti­onen und Unterschiedlichen Massen zu zerlegen. Dabei wird der die größere Masse aufnehmende und den eigent­ lichen ballistischen Schutz darstellende obere Deckel­teil weder gehoben noch verschwenkt, sondern lediglich parallel zur Schließebene verschoben. Der zweite, eine geringere Masse aufweisende Deckelteil ist in Richtung senkrecht zur Schließebene bewegbar und übernimmt in der Schließstellung die vollständige Abdichtung der Luken­öffnung.It is already known (DE-OS 33 05 882) to disassemble the hatch cover into two cover parts with different functions and different masses. The larger mass and the actual Lichen ballistic protection upper lid part neither lifted nor pivoted, but only moved parallel to the closing plane. The second cover part, which has a lower mass, can be moved in the direction perpendicular to the closing plane and, in the closed position, completely seals the hatch opening.

Bei dieser bekannten Lösung muß ein relativ großer Platzbedarf in Kauf genommen werden, und die Zeit, die zum Öffnen und Schließen der Luke gebraucht wird, ist relativ lang.In this known solution, a relatively large amount of space has to be accepted and the time it takes to open and close the hatch is relatively long.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Kampffahrzeug der eingangs erwähnten Bauart den Luken­deckel insgesamt so auszubilden, daß auch bei verstärk­tem Panzerschutz der Platzbedarf nicht wesentlich erhöht wird, und das Öffnen und Schließen der Luke verhältnis­mäßig schnell realisiert werden kann, ohne daß vom Bediener mehr Kraft aufgewendet werden muß als bei bekannten Lukendeckeln.The invention has for its object to design the hatch cover overall in a combat vehicle of the type mentioned above so that the space requirement is not significantly increased even with reinforced armor protection, and the opening and closing of the hatch can be realized relatively quickly without the operator doing more Force must be exerted than with known hatch covers.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe geschieht erfindungsgemäß da­durch, daß oberhalb des die Luke vollständig abdeckenden Lukendeckels mindestens zwei weitere bewegbare Dachschutz­deckel angeordnet sind, die mindestens im geschlossenen Zustand in einer gemeinsamen Ebene liegen und jeweils die Luke teilweise derart abdecken, daß von ihnen gemeinsam eine vollständige Abdeckung erreicht wird.This object is achieved according to the invention in that at least two further movable roof protection covers are arranged above the hatch cover completely covering the hatch, which are at least in the closed state in a common plane and in each case partially cover the hatch in such a way that complete coverage is achieved by them becomes.

Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht darin, den Luken­deckel insgesamt in drei Teildeckel aufzuteilen, wobei ein Teildeckel dem herkömmlichen Lukendeckel entspricht, der unter anderem die vollständige Abdichtung der Luken­öffnung übernimmt und über dem die den Panzerschutz verstärkenden Deckelteile als Dachschutzdeckel angeord­net sind, die zwei Deckelhälften darstellen, welche gemeinsam den vollen Öffnungsquerschnitt der Luke über­ decken. Bei einer kreisförmigen Lukenöffnung besitzen diese Dachschutzdeckel jeweils halbkreisförmigen Umriß, bei Lukenöffnungen anderer Form können sie entsprechend dieser Form ausgebildet sein. Es ist durchaus nicht zwingend notwendig, daß die beiden Dachschutzdeckel die gleiche Form und die gleiche Nasse aufweisen.The basic idea of the invention is to divide the hatch cover into a total of three partial covers, one partial cover corresponding to the conventional hatch cover, which, among other things, takes over the complete sealing of the hatch opening and above which the armor-protecting cover parts are arranged as roof protection covers, which represent two cover halves, which together cover the full opening area of the hatch cover. In the case of a circular hatch opening, these roof protection covers each have a semicircular outline, in the case of hatch openings of a different shape they can be designed in accordance with this shape. It is not absolutely necessary that the two roof protection covers have the same shape and the same wetness.

Sowohl die Dachschutzdeckel als auch der Lukendeckel können Öffnungs- und Schließbewegungen ausführen, wie sie bei Lukendeckeln an sich bekannt sind. So können beispielsweise der Lukendeckel und die beiden Dach­schutzdeckel nach oben aufklappbar ausgebildet sein, wie weiter unten anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Die Konstruktion kann aber auch so gewählt sein, daß die beiden Dachschutzdeckel nach oben auf­klappbar sind, während der Lukendeckel aus seiner Schließstellung zunächst in einer vertikalen Bewegung herausgehoben wird, um dann um eine vertikale Achse nach der Seite weggeschwenkt zu werden, wie dies ebenfalls weiter unten anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels beschrie­ben ist.Both the roof protection cover and the hatch cover can perform opening and closing movements as are known per se with hatch covers. For example, the hatch cover and the two roof protection covers can be designed to be hinged upwards, as explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments. The construction can also be chosen so that the two roof covers can be opened upwards, while the hatch cover is first lifted out of its closed position in a vertical movement, in order to then be pivoted away to the side about a vertical axis, as also below is described using an exemplary embodiment.

Selbstverständlich können auch die beiden Dachschutz­deckel so ausgebildet sein, daß sie zur Öffnungs- und Schließbewegung nach entgegengesetzten Richtungen ver­schiebbar oder nach der Seite wegschwenkbar ausgebildet sind.Of course, the two roof protection covers can also be designed so that they can be moved in opposite directions for opening and closing movement or can be pivoted away to the side.

Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Kampffahrzeuges sind die Dachschutz­deckel und der Lukendeckel auf einem Drehring montiert.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the combat vehicle according to the invention, the roof protection cover and the hatch cover are mounted on a rotating ring.

Das Kampffahrzeug mit der erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung des Lukendeckels besitzt unter anderem folgende Vortei­le:

  • a) Vorhandene Fahrzeuge können mit geringem Aufwand nachgerüstet werden, beispielsweise bei ihrer Nach­rüstung mit einem verstärkten Panzerschutz;
  • b) Der Platzbedarf innerhalb des Fahrzeuges wird weder bei der Erstausrüstung noch bei einer Nachrüstung wesentlich erhöht;
  • c) Das Öffnen und Schließen der Luke kann relativ schnell realisiert werden;
  • d) Zum Öffnen und Schließen der Luke muß seitens des Bedieners nicht mehr Kraft angewendet werden als bisher;
  • e) Der dreigeteilte Lukendeckel, also die beiden Dach­schutzdeckel und der eigentliche Lukendeckel, kön­nen ohne größere Probleme auf einem gemeinsamen Drehring montiert werden. Dabei kann auf dem Dreh­ring zusätzlich eine Lafette angeordnet sein. Durch entsprechende Anordnung ist es erreichbar, daß auch bei einer Schräglage des Kampffahrzeuges die Lafette ohne größere Probleme drehbar bleibt, da sich der Lukendeckel mit der Lafette und die Dachschutzdeckel miteinander gewichtsmäßig aus­gleichen.
The combat vehicle with the hatch cover design according to the invention has the following advantages, among others:
  • a) Existing vehicles can be retrofitted with little effort, for example when upgrading them with reinforced armor protection;
  • b) The space required within the vehicle is not significantly increased, neither with the original equipment nor with a retrofit;
  • c) The opening and closing of the hatch can be realized relatively quickly;
  • d) The operator does not have to use more force than before to open and close the hatch;
  • e) The three-part hatch cover, i.e. the two roof protection covers and the actual hatch cover, can be mounted on a common rotating ring without major problems. A carriage can also be arranged on the rotating ring. With an appropriate arrangement it can be achieved that the mount remains rotatable without major problems even when the combat vehicle is in an inclined position, since the hatch cover with the mount and the roof protection cover balance each other in terms of weight.

Zum Gewichtsausgleich bei der Öffnungs- und Schließbewe­gung der Dachschutzdeckel und des Lukendeckels dienen in an sich bekannter Weise Ausgleichsfedern.Compensating springs are used in a manner known per se to balance the weight during the opening and closing movements of the roof protection cover and the hatch cover.

Im folgenden werden anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen Ausführungsbeispiele für ein Kampffahrzeug nach der Erfindung näher erläutert.Exemplary embodiments of a combat vehicle according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In den Zeichnungen zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Schnitt durch einen Teil der Fahrzeug­oberwand eines Kampffahrzeuges im Bereich einer Luke;
  • Fig. 2 eine Aufsicht auf die Luke nach Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 in einer Darstellung analog Fig. 1 eine Variante der Luke nach Fig. 1 mit einem Drehring
  • Fig. 4 eine Aufsicht auf die Luke nach Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 einen Schnitt analog Fig. 1 in einer leicht vergrößerten Teildarstellung zur Erläuterung des Öffnungs- und Schließmechanismus der Ausführungsformen nach Fig. 1 bis 4;
  • Fig. 6 in einer Darstellung analog Fig. 1 eine andere Ausführungsform einer Luke;
  • Fig. 7 eine Schnittdarstellung der Luke nach Fig. 6, senkrecht zur Schnittrichtung in Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 eine Aufsicht auf die Luke nach Fig. 6 und 7.
The drawings show:
  • 1 shows a section through a part of the vehicle top wall of a combat vehicle in the region of a hatch.
  • 2 is a plan view of the hatch of FIG. 1st
  • Fig. 3 in a representation analogous to Fig. 1 shows a variant of the hatch of Fig. 1 with a rotating ring
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of the hatch of Fig. 3;
  • 5 shows a section analogous to FIG. 1 in a slightly enlarged partial illustration to explain the opening and closing mechanism of the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 4;
  • 6 in a representation analogous to FIG. 1, another embodiment of a hatch;
  • FIG. 7 shows a sectional illustration of the hatch according to FIG. 6, perpendicular to the cutting direction in FIG. 6;
  • 8 is a plan view of the hatch of FIGS. 6 and 7.

In den Figuren 1 und 2 ist ein Ausschnitt aus der Oberseite eines Kampfpanzers im Bereich einer Luke zum Ein-und Aussteigen dargestellt. Die Oberseite der Fahr­zeugoberwand des Kampfpanzers ist mit einer Panzerung 1 versehen, über der ein verstärkter Panzerschutz 2 enge­ ordnet ist. Die Lukenöffnung ist an der Innenseite mit einem Lukendeckel 3 verschließbar, der nach außen um eine Schwenkachse 3.1 aufklappbar über ein federnunter­stütztes Gelenk 3.2 mit der Fahrzeugoberwand 1 verbun­den ist. In dem in Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten ge­schlossenen Zustand überdeckt der Lukendeckel 3 die Lukenöffnung vollständig, wobei zwischen dem Rand des Lukendeckels und dem Rand der Lukenöffnung eine Dichtung 7 angeordnet ist.1 and 2 show a detail from the top of a main battle tank in the area of a hatch for boarding and alighting. The top of the vehicle upper wall of the main battle tank is provided with armor 1, over which reinforced armor protection 2 is narrow is arranged. The hatch opening can be closed on the inside with a hatch cover 3, which is connected to the vehicle top wall 1 via a spring-supported joint 3.2 and can be swung open about a pivot axis 3.1. In the closed state shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the hatch cover 3 completely covers the hatch opening, a seal 7 being arranged between the edge of the hatch cover and the edge of the hatch opening.

Oberhalb des Lukendeckels 3 sind zwei Dachschutzdeckel 4 und 5 angeordnet, die ebenfalls nach außen aufklappbar sind, und zwar um Schwenkachsen 4.1 und 5.1, die hori­zontal und parallel zueinander angeordnet sind und senkrecht zur Schwenkachse 3.1 des Lukendeckels 3 lie­gen. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Luken­öffnung kreisförmig ausgebildet, und dementsprechend hat der Lukendeckel 3 kreisförmige Gestalt, während die beiden Dachschutzdeckel halbkreisförmige Umrisse be­sitzen, so daß durch die im geschlossenen Zustand in einer Ebene liegenden Dachschutzdeckel 4 und 5 ebenfalls die gesamte Lukenöffnung überdeckt ist. Die beiden Dachschutzdeckel 4 und 5 sind im geschlossenen und geöffneten Zustand durch nur angedeutete Verriegelungs­vorrichtungen 4.3 bzw. 5.3 verriegelt. Im geöffneten Zustand stehen, wie in Fig. 1 mit strichpunktierten Linien angedeutet, sowohl die beiden Dachschutzdeckel 4 und 5 als auch der Lukendeckel 3 unter einem Öffnungs­winkel von mindestens 90° nach oben herausgeklappt. Der Lukendeckel 3 ist im geschlossenen Zustand durch Verrie­gelungsvorrichtungen 3.3 verriegelt. Im geöffneten Zustand wird die Verriegelung des Lukendeckels 3 von der Verriegelungsvorrichtung 3.4 übernommen. Sowohl der Lukendeckel 3 als auch die beiden Dachschutzdeckel 4 und sind in nichtdargestellter Weise durch Federn unter­stützt, so daß sie relativ leicht hochzuklappen sind.Above the hatch cover 3, two roof protection covers 4 and 5 are arranged, which can also be opened outwards, specifically about pivot axes 4.1 and 5.1, which are arranged horizontally and parallel to one another and are perpendicular to the pivot axis 3.1 of the hatch cover 3. In the illustrated embodiment, the hatch opening is circular, and accordingly the hatch cover 3 has a circular shape, while the two roof protection covers have semicircular outlines, so that the entire hatch opening is also covered by the roof protection covers 4 and 5 lying in one plane in the closed state. The two roof protection covers 4 and 5 are locked in the closed and open state by only indicated locking devices 4.3 and 5.3. In the open state, as indicated in FIG. 1 with dash-dotted lines, both the roof protection covers 4 and 5 and the hatch cover 3 are folded out at an opening angle of at least 90 °. The hatch cover 3 is locked in the closed state by locking devices 3.3. In the open state, the hatch cover 3 is locked by the locking device 3.4. Both the hatch cover 3 and the two roof protection covers 4 and are supported in a manner not shown by springs, so that they are relatively easy to fold up.

Es können weiterhin in nicht eigens dargestellter Weise Rastvorrichtungen vorgesehen sein, die es gestatten, den Lukendeckel 3 in eine Zwischenstellung, beispielsweise von 30° als Lüfterstellung, einzustellen.It can also be provided in a manner not specifically shown, locking devices that allow the hatch cover 3 to be set to an intermediate position, for example of 30 ° as the fan position.

Die beiden Dachschutzdeckel 4 und 5 stehen in allen Stellungen des Lukendeckels 3 um mindestens 90° nach oben geschwenkt in einer eingerasteten Stellung.The two roof protection covers 4 and 5 are in all positions of the hatch cover 3 pivoted upwards by at least 90 ° in a locked position.

Das Öffnen und Schließen der Luke erfolgt mittels eines Handrades 6, das an der Innenseite des Lukendeckels 3 angeordnet ist. Die Welle 6.1 des Handrades 6 ist durch den Lukendeckel 3 zentral hindurchgeführt und weist an der Außenseite des Lukendeckels 3 ein Kegelrad 6.2 auf, das mit zwei weiteren Kegelrädern 6.3 kämmt, welche auf zwei Übertragungswellen 6.4 sitzen. Diese Wellen sind an der Außenseite des Lukendeckels 3 radial angeordnet und in axialer Richtung verschiebbar. An ihren beiden Enden sitzen Kegelräder 6.5 bzw. 6.6 , die im geschlossenen Zustand des Lukendeckels 3 in Kegelräder 6.7 bzw. 6.8 der Öffnungsvorrichtungen 4.2 bzw. 5.2 der beiden Dach­schutzdeckel 4 und 5 eingreifen.The hatch is opened and closed by means of a handwheel 6 which is arranged on the inside of the hatch cover 3. The shaft 6.1 of the handwheel 6 is guided through the hatch cover 3 centrally and has a bevel gear 6.2 on the outside of the hatch cover 3, which meshes with two further bevel gears 6.3, which are seated on two transmission shafts 6.4. These shafts are arranged radially on the outside of the hatch cover 3 and can be moved in the axial direction. At both ends there are bevel gears 6.5 and 6.6, which engage in the closed state of the hatch cover 3 in bevel gears 6.7 and 6.8 of the opening devices 4.2 and 5.2 of the two roof protection covers 4 and 5.

Die Bedienung der Luke von innen kann dann bei­spielsweise wie nachstehend anhand der Fig. 1, 2 und 5 beschrieben durchgeführt werden:The hatch can then be operated from the inside, for example, as described below with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 5:

Fig. 5 zeigt die Luke in einer Teildarstellung unter teilweiser Weglassung der Dachschutzdeckel 4 und 5 im geschlossenen, verriegelten Zustand.Fig. 5 shows the hatch in a partial representation with partial omission of the roof protection covers 4 and 5 in the closed, locked state.

Das Öffnen der beiden Dachschutzdeckel 4, 5 erfolgt gleichzeitig. Aus Vereinfachungsgründen wird im folgen­den nur eine Deckelseite betrachtet.The two roof protection covers 4, 5 are opened simultaneously. For reasons of simplification, only one cover side is considered below.

Zunächst wird der Dachschutzdeckel 4 von innen über die Vorrichtung 4.3 entriegelt. Durch Drehen des Handrades 6 entgegen dem inhrzeigersinn wird über den Sechskant 6.14 der Handradwelle 6.1 sowie über die Kegelräder 6.2, 6.3, die Übertragungswelle 6.4 und die Kegelräder 6.5, 6.7 der Dachschutzdeckel 4 durch eine Ausgleichsfeder unter­stützt in seine Öffnungsstellung bewegt, wo er in die Verriegelungsvorrichtung 6.3 einrastet.First, the roof protection cover 4 is unlocked from the inside via the device 4.3. By turning the handwheel 6 counterclockwise, the hexagon head 6.14 of the handwheel shaft 6.1 as well as the bevel gears 6.2, 6.3, the transmission shaft 6.4 and the bevel gears 6.5, 6.7 of the roof protection cover 4, supported by a compensating spring, is moved into its open position, where it enters the locking device 6.3 clicks into place.

Zur Entriegelung des Lukendeckels 3 wird das Handrad gegen die Kraft der Druckfeder 6.11 nach unten gezogen, wodurch der Sechskant 6.14 der Handradwelle 6.1 aus dem Kegelrad 6.2 ausrückt und in die Kurvenscheibe mit angeschraubter Nockenscheibe 6.16 eingreift.To unlock the hatch cover 3, the handwheel is pulled downwards against the force of the compression spring 6.11, as a result of which the hexagon 6.14 of the handwheel shaft 6.1 disengages from the bevel gear 6.2 and engages in the cam disk with a screwed-on cam disk 6.16.

Bei nochmaliger Drehung des Handrades 6 entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn wird nun der Lukendeckel 3 über den Riegel 3.3 entriegelt. Gleichzeitig wird dabei das Gestänge 6.13 radial zum ttittelpunkt des Lukendeckels gegen die Kraft der Druckfeder 6.12 bewegt, wodurch das Kegelrad 6.5 aus dem Kegelrad 6.7 ausrückt. Nun kann der Lukendeckel 3 durch eine Ausgleichsfeder unterstützt aufgeklappt und in seiner Öffnungsstellung verriegelt werden.When the handwheel 6 is turned again counterclockwise, the hatch cover 3 is now unlocked via the latch 3.3. At the same time, the linkage 6.13 is moved radially to the center of the hatch cover against the force of the compression spring 6.12, as a result of which the bevel gear 6.5 disengages from the bevel gear 6.7. Now the hatch cover 3, supported by a compensating spring, can be opened and locked in its open position.

Der Schließvorgang von innen erfolgt dann in folgender Weise:The closing process from the inside then takes place in the following way:

Der Rasthebel 3.4 des Lukendeckels 3 wird entriegelt, und der Lukendeckel 3 zugeklappt. Durch Ziehen am Hand­rad 6 und Drehung im inhrzeigersinn wird der Lukendeckel 3 verriegelt. Der Rasthebel 4.3 des Dachschutzdeckels 4 wird entriegelt. Das Handrad 6 wird in Richtung Luken­deckel 3 gedrückt und durch Drehung nach rechts wird der Dachschutzdeckel 4 zugeklappt. Schließlich werden die Dachschutzdeckel verriegelt.The locking lever 3.4 of the hatch cover 3 is unlocked and the hatch cover 3 is closed. The hatch cover 3 is locked by pulling the handwheel 6 and turning it clockwise. The locking lever 4.3 of the roof protection cover 4 is unlocked. The handwheel 6 is pressed in the direction of the hatch cover 3 and the roof protection cover 4 is closed by turning to the right. Finally, the roof protection covers are locked.

Sämtliche Rast- und Verriegelungseinrichtungen sind auch von außen zugänglich, so daß das Öffnen und Schließen der Luke auch von außen erfolgen kann.All locking and locking devices are also accessible from the outside, so that the opening and closing of the hatch can also be done from the outside.

In den Figuren 3 und 4 ist eine Variante der Luke nach Figur 1 und 2 dargestellt, die sich von der vorbeschrie­benen Ausführungsform dadurch unterscheidet, daß der Lukendeckel 3 und die beiden Dachschutzdeckel 4 auf einem in einer Aussparung der verstärkten Panzerung 2 angeordneten gemeinsamen Drehring 8 montiert sind, der auf der oberen Wand 1 in nicht dargestellter Weise über kugelgelagerte Laufrollen reibungsarm geführt ist. Das Gewicht der beiden an diametral entgegengesetzten Stellen des Drehrings 8 angeordneten Dachschutzdeckeln 4 und 5 wird dabei weitgehend ausgeglichen. Das Gewicht des Lukendeckels 3 kann dadurch ausgeglichen werden, daß an dem Drehring 8 in nicht dargestellter Weise eine MG-­Lafette montiert ist.FIGS. 3 and 4 show a variant of the hatch according to FIGS. 1 and 2, which differs from the above-described embodiment in that the hatch cover 3 and the two roof protection covers 4 are mounted on a common rotary ring 8 arranged in a recess in the reinforced armor 2 are, which is guided on the upper wall 1 in a manner not shown on ball-bearing rollers low friction. The weight of the two roof protection covers 4 and 5 arranged at diametrically opposite points of the rotating ring 8 is largely compensated for. The weight of the hatch cover 3 can be compensated for in that a MG mount is mounted on the rotating ring 8 in a manner not shown.

Auf diese Weise ist das System relativ leicht drehbar. Der Drehring 8 kann mit einer nicht dargestellten Bremse versehen sein, die das System in jedem Drehwinkel fest­hält. Im übrigen ist die Öffnungsvorrichtung dieser Ausführungsform genauso ausgestaltet, wie bei der Aus­führungsform nach Fig. 1 und 2, und die Bedienung er­folgt in analoger Weise.In this way, the system can be rotated relatively easily. The rotating ring 8 can be provided with a brake, not shown, which holds the system in any angle of rotation. Otherwise, the opening device of this embodiment is configured exactly as in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, and the operation takes place in an analogous manner.

In den Figuren 6 bis 8 ist eine Ausführungsform einer Luke dargestellt, die etwas anders aufgebaut ist als die Ausführungsformen nach den Figuren 1 bis 5.FIGS. 6 to 8 show an embodiment of a hatch which is constructed somewhat differently than the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 5.

In der Oberwand 11 der Fahrzeugwenne, die mit einer verstärkten Panzerung 12 versehen ist, befindet sich eine Lukenöffnung, die mit einem Lukendeckel 13 ver­schließbar ist, wobei wiederum zwischen dem Rand des Lukendeckels 13 und dem Rand der Lukenöffnung eine Dichtung 17 vorgesehen ist. Oberhalb des Lukendeckels 13 sind Dachschutzdeckel 14 und 15 angeordnet. Die Dach­schutzdeckel 14 und 15 sind, wie bei den vorbeschriebe­nen Ausführungsformen, um Drehachsen 14.1 bzw. 15.1 nach außen aufklappbar. Dabei ist durch ein zusätzliches Gelenk 14.3 bzw. 15.3 dafür gesorgt, daß die Dachschutz­deckel 14 und 15 jeweils um 180° aufgeklappt werden können und in der in Fig. 6 angedeuteten Öffnungsstel­lung parallel zur Oberseite der verstärkten Panzerung 12 liegen. Die Öffnungs- und Schließbewegung der beiden Dachschutzdeckel 14 und 15 erfolgt über ein am Lukendek­kel 13 angeordnetes Handrad 16, das über ein Kegelradge­triebe entsprechend der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 und 2 mit den Öffnungsvorrichtungen 14.2 bzw. 15.2 für die Dachschutzdeckel 14 und 15 verbunden ist.In the top wall 11 of the vehicle cradle, which is provided with reinforced armor 12, there is a hatch opening which can be closed with a hatch cover 13, a seal 17 again being provided between the edge of the hatch cover 13 and the edge of the hatch opening. Roof protection covers 14 and 15 are arranged above the hatch cover 13. As in the previously described embodiments, the roof protection covers 14 and 15 can be folded outwards about axes of rotation 14.1 and 15.1, respectively. An additional joint 14.3 and 15.3 ensures that the roof protection covers 14 and 15 can each be opened by 180 ° and, in the open position indicated in FIG. 6, lie parallel to the top of the reinforced armor 12. The opening and closing movement of the two roof protection covers 14 and 15 takes place via a handwheel 16 arranged on the hatch cover 13, which is connected to the opening devices 14.2 and 15.2 for the roof protection covers 14 and 15 via a bevel gear according to the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Der Lukendeckel 13 wird bei dieser Ausführungsform nicht nach oben aufgeklappt, sondern in vertikaler Richtung angehoben und dann um eine vertikale Achse nach der Seite weggeschwenkt. Hierzu dient ein Hub-Schwenkwerk 18, an dem der Lukendeckel 13 über einen Schwenkarm 18.3 aufgehängt ist. Der Schwenkarm 18.3 ist an einer Hubsäu­le 18.1 befestigt, die in einem mit der Oberwand 11 fest verbundenen Hubrohr 18.2 nach oben verschiebbar und verdrehbar geführt ist und an ihrem unteren Ende einen Handgriff 18.4 aufweist.The hatch cover 13 is not opened up in this embodiment, but raised in the vertical direction and then pivoted away about a vertical axis to the side. For this purpose, a lifting swivel mechanism 18 is used, on which the hatch cover 13 is suspended via a swivel arm 18.3. The swivel arm 18.3 is fastened to a lifting column 18.1, which is guided in a lifting tube 18.2 which is fixedly connected to the upper wall 11 and can be displaced and rotated upwards and has a handle 18.4 at its lower end.

Die Öffnung des Lukendeckels 13 wird nach dem Entriegeln und Aofklappen der beiden Dachschutzdeckel 14 und 15 in bereits beschriebener Heise dadurch bewirkt, daß der Lukendeckel mittels des Hub-Schwenkwerks 18 durch Betäti­gung des Handgriffs 14 zunächst nach oben verschoben und dann in die in Fig. 7 in strichpunktierten Linien angedeutete Stellung um 180° nach außen verschwenkt wird. Dabei muß der Lukendeckel 13 soweit angehoben werden, daß er über die beiden Dachschutzdeckel 14 und 15 hinweggeschwenkt werden kann. Selbstverständlich sind sowohl der Lukendeckel 13 als auch die Dachschutzdeckel 14 und 15 in ihren jeweiligen Endstellungen ver- und entriegelbar. Auch bei dieser Ausführungsform kann das Öffnen und Schließen der Luke von außen durchgeführt werden.The opening of the hatch cover 13 is effected after unlocking and folding the two roof protection covers 14 and 15 in the manner already described, in that the hatch cover is first moved upward by means of the lifting swivel mechanism 18 by actuating the handle 14 and then into the position shown in FIG. 7 position indicated by dash-dotted lines is pivoted outwards by 180 °. The hatch cover 13 must be raised so far that it can be pivoted over the two roof protection covers 14 and 15. Of course, both the hatch cover 13 and the roof protection covers 14 and 15 can be locked and unlocked in their respective end positions. In this embodiment, too, the opening and closing of the hatch can be carried out from the outside.

Claims (9)

1. Gepanzertes Kampffahrzeug, insbesondere Kampfpanzer, mit mindestens einer an der Fahrzeugoberseite angeordneten Luke zum Ein- und Aussteigen, die mit einem im ge­schlossenen Zustand die Luke vollständig abdeckenden Lukendeckel verschließbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß oberhalb des die Luke vollständig abdeckenden Luken­deckels (3) mindestens zwei weitere bewegbare Dach­schutzdeckel (4, 5) angeordnet sind, die mindestens im geschlossenen Zustand in einer gemeinsamen Ebene liegen und jeweils die Luke teilweise derart abdecken, daß von ihnen ge-meinsam eine vollständige Abdeckung erreicht wird.1. Armored combat vehicle, in particular battle tank, with at least one hatch arranged on the top of the vehicle for getting in and out, which can be closed with a hatch cover which completely covers the hatch in the closed state, characterized in that above the hatch cover completely covering the hatch (3) at least two further movable roof protection covers (4, 5) are arranged, which are at least in the closed state in a common plane and in each case partially cover the hatch in such a way that complete coverage is achieved by them. 2. Kampffahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die beiden Dachschutzdeckel (4, 5) um zwei zueinander parallele, horizontale Schwenkachsen (4.1, 5.1) um einen vorgegebenen maximalen Öffnungswinkel aufklappbar sind.2. Combat vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the two roof covers (4, 5) about two mutually parallel, horizontal pivot axes (4.1, 5.1) can be opened by a predetermined maximum opening angle. 3. Kampffahrzeug nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß der Lukendeckel (3) um eine horizontale Schwenkachse (3.1) um einem maximalen Öffnungswinkel aufklappbar ist, wobei seine Schwenkachse (3.1) senk­recht zu den Schwenkachsen (4.1, 5.1) der Dachschutz­deckel (4, 5) verläuft.3. Combat vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that the hatch cover (3) about a horizontal pivot axis (3.1) by a maximum opening angle is hinged, its pivot axis (3.1) perpendicular to the pivot axes (4.1, 5.1) of the roof protection cover (4, 5). 4. Kampffahrzeug nach den Ansprüchen 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die maximalen Öffnungswinkel für die beiden Dachschutzdeckel (4, 5) und den Lukendeckel (3) mindestens jeweils 90° betragen.4. Combat vehicle according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the maximum opening angle for the two roof protection covers (4, 5) and the hatch cover (3) are at least 90 ° each. 5. Kampffahrzeug nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, das der Lukendeckel (3) zwischen der ge­schlossenen und der mit maximalem Öffnungswinkel geöff­neten Stellung mindestens eine einrastende Zwischen­stellung besitzt.5. Combat vehicle according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the hatch cover (3) has at least one latching intermediate position between the closed position and the position opened with the maximum opening angle. 6. Kampffahrzeug nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß der maximale Öffnungswinkel für die beiden Dachschutzdeckel (14, 15) 1800 beträgt und der Luken­deckel (13) in vertikaler Richtung verschiebbar und in hochgeschwenkter Stellung um eine vertikale Achse (18.1) schwenkbar angeordnet ist.6. Combat vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that the maximum opening angle for the two roof protection covers (14, 15) is 1800 and the hatch cover (13) is displaceable in the vertical direction and in the pivoted-up position about a vertical axis (18.1) is pivotally arranged. 7. Kampffahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dachschutzdeckel (4, 5) und/oder der Lukendeckel (3) auf einem auf dem Fahrzeug angeordneten Drehring (8) montiert sind.7. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the roof protection cover (4, 5) and / or the hatch cover (3) are mounted on a rotating ring (8) arranged on the vehicle. 8. Kampffahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, das die Öffnungs- und Verriege­lungsvorrichtung für die Dachschutzdeckel (4, 5) und/­ oder den Lukendeckel (3) ein Handrad (6) aufweist, dessen Drehachse zentral durch den Lukendeckel (3) hindurchgeführt ist und das über Zahnradgetriebe (6.3 bis 6.8) mit der Öffnungsvorrichtung für dae Dachschutz­deckel (4, 5) verbunden ist.8. combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the opening and locking device for the roof protection cover (4, 5) and / or the hatch cover (3) has a handwheel (6), the axis of rotation of which is guided centrally through the hatch cover (3) and which is connected to the opening device for the roof protection cover (4, 5) via gearwheels (6.3 to 6.8). 9. Kampffahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Gewichtsausgleich bei der Öffnungs- und Schließbewegung der Dachschutzdeckel (4, 5) und des Lukendeckels (3) Ausgleichsfedern die­nen.9. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that compensation springs are used to balance the opening and closing movement of the roof protection cover (4, 5) and the hatch cover (3).
EP90121524A 1989-11-21 1990-11-10 Armoured combat vehicle, especially tank Expired - Lifetime EP0428953B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3938584A DE3938584A1 (en) 1989-11-21 1989-11-21 ARMORED FIGHTING VEHICLE, IN PARTICULAR FIGHTING TANK
DE3938584 1989-11-21

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EP0428953A1 true EP0428953A1 (en) 1991-05-29
EP0428953B1 EP0428953B1 (en) 1993-08-04

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EP (1) EP0428953B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3938584A1 (en)

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EP1679216A3 (en) * 2005-01-07 2007-09-26 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG Sealing device for a hatch cover for a combat vehicle
EP1843123A1 (en) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-10 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG Protection device on the entry/escape hatch of a combat vehicle, in particular a tank
DE102008039027A1 (en) * 2008-08-21 2010-02-25 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Hatch cover device for covering the hatch opening of entry / exit hatches

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WO2014004254A1 (en) * 2012-06-26 2014-01-03 Bae Systems Land & Armaments L. P. Armored split hatch
US9086255B1 (en) * 2012-08-13 2015-07-21 Granite Tactical Vehicles Inc. System and method for an inward-folding protective turret
US11268301B2 (en) 2017-04-27 2022-03-08 Reinhard Matye Automatic hatch for bulk material containers

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EP1679216A3 (en) * 2005-01-07 2007-09-26 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG Sealing device for a hatch cover for a combat vehicle
EP1843123A1 (en) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-10 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG Protection device on the entry/escape hatch of a combat vehicle, in particular a tank
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5105714A (en) 1992-04-21
DE3938584A1 (en) 1991-05-23
EP0428953B1 (en) 1993-08-04
DE59002196D1 (en) 1993-09-09

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