EP0426788B1 - High-pressure pipe string for continuous fusion drilling of deep wells, process and device for manufacturing, propelling and dismantling it - Google Patents

High-pressure pipe string for continuous fusion drilling of deep wells, process and device for manufacturing, propelling and dismantling it Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0426788B1
EP0426788B1 EP90906112A EP90906112A EP0426788B1 EP 0426788 B1 EP0426788 B1 EP 0426788B1 EP 90906112 A EP90906112 A EP 90906112A EP 90906112 A EP90906112 A EP 90906112A EP 0426788 B1 EP0426788 B1 EP 0426788B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure pipe
pipe string
supply lines
drilling
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP90906112A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0426788A1 (en
Inventor
Werner Foppe
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Compisa AG
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Compisa AG
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E21B17/12—Devices for placing or drawing out wear protectors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
    • E21B17/203—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables with plural fluid passages
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
    • E21B17/206—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables with conductors, e.g. electrical, optical
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/22—Handling reeled pipe or rod units, e.g. flexible drilling pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pressure pipe string for continuous fusion drilling for deep drilling.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing this pressure string as well as for advancing it in the borehole and then breaking it off.
  • the invention also relates to devices for performing the aforementioned methods.
  • Continuous melt drilling is understood to mean a drilling technique in which a temperature is generated in front of or at the tip of the drill head so that the rock is melted there and the rock melt due to the pressure exerted on the drill head into the cracks caused by thermal stress (thermo-fraction) is pushed off in the side rock.
  • thermal stress thermal stress
  • the drill head is able to continuously re-impact, melt and compress rock.
  • fusion drilling techniques are for example described in German patent specification DE 25 54 101 C2 and in German patent application 37 01 676 A1.
  • the required temperatures are generated by high-pressure flame jets that stoichiometrically burn hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the method according to German patent DE 25 54 101 C2 is designed for total compression of the drilling material resulting from the melt into the side rock.
  • German laid-open specification 37 01 676 A1 is a profile melting drilling method, in which only the outer profile of a borehole is melted in a minimal cross section, which just offers space for the drilling device and its supply lines. The resulting melt from this area is largely pressed into the standing core of the borehole. The core of the borehole is increased in volume and is sheared off in sections after passing through the inner cooling zone of the melting drilling rig and conveyed upwards. Both fusion drilling processes are designed as continuous processes, which means that the drilling process takes place in one go up to the drilling target. The lateral pressing of the melted material creates a solid borehole casing that serves as a guide for the melter drilling machine and prevents collapse of side rocks into the borehole.
  • a continuous drilling process without interruption and "round trips" is possible with such a melting drilling method even at depths of 10,000 m to 15,000 m because the service life of the pressure drilling head can be designed so that it has a service life that is Achievement of the goal is sufficient.
  • To the continuous melt drilling process To provide the best possible protection against interruptions due to technical breakdowns, procedures must be selected in which possible causes of failure are reduced to a minimum and devices are available several times, so that if one unit fails, the others can be used immediately.
  • a continuous, uninterrupted drilling process increases the drilling progress enormously and reduces the drilling costs.
  • a system has become known from US-A-4,585,066 for continuously inserting pipe and cable strands of different diameters into a borehole for supplying energy and heating a section of an underground earth formation.
  • a weight body is lowered into the borehole on a steel cable.
  • Flexible cables and pipes are pulled from this weight rope down into the borehole at the same speed and are combined from funnel-shaped strand guiding means to form a strand that is as compact as possible, which is sectionally connected with a flexible band is tied together.
  • a pressure pipe string for continuous fusion drilling for deep drilling in the interior of which the supply, measuring and control lines for the drilling rig are stored and which is characterized in that it includes at least two shell-shaped components, each of which is a longitudinal segment of a pipe form, and that the longitudinal segments have means for assembly to an externally smooth, dense, tensile and compressive force-fitting pipe.
  • the object is also achieved by a method for producing, advancing and then breaking off a pressure pipe string for continuous fusion drilling for deep drilling, in which the supply, measurement and control lines are fed in endlessly over the depth to be drilled and in which during the drilling operation around the supply, measurement and control lines, a pressure and tensile, tight pressure pipe string is assembled in sections, which is then driven forward continuously.
  • a device for performing the above method which is characterized in that the supply, measurement and control lines are each wound on a supply carousel, which is a circular, rotatably mounted and motor-driven platform for receiving the windings and that there is a multi-storey installation tower, in which are arranged on its floors means for section-wise assembly, for continuous propulsion and afterwards for breaking off the pressure pipe string.
  • the lines for supplying the drilling head with hydrogen, oxygen and cooling water and also for the control and measurement are endless, that is to say lines are used which are seamlessly produced over the entire depth to be drilled of up to approximately 15 km. As a rule, these pipes have to be pulled on site as transport is impossible.
  • the hydrogen and oxygen lines are continuous tubes made of suitable tensile and flex-resistant steel alloys. These lines have to withstand a pressure of approx. 2,000 bar and have an outside diameter of the order of 20 mm.
  • the cooling water pipes are somewhat larger and have an outside diameter of approx. 50 mm. In order for the lines to withstand the high pressures, their wall thicknesses for these outside diameters are approximately 1/4 to 1/3 of the outside diameter.
  • the invention now creates a pressure pipe string that allows such endless pipes continuously insert into the borehole.
  • the pressure pipe string takes up the continuous pipe system and protects it.
  • it transmits the required pressure to the melting drilling rig or absorbs the tensile forces necessary to pull the pressure pipe string out of the borehole after reaching the drilling target.
  • FIG. 1 shows a pressure pipe string during assembly. It consists of three components, namely an inner profile 1 with a central tube 2, which has profiles 3 on its outside, which give the entire inner profile 1 a cross-shaped cross section, and further consists of two congruent, shell-shaped components 4, each of which has a longitudinal segment Tube. On the inside of these longitudinal segments 4 projecting lugs 5,6,7 are available in the radial direction. The geometry of the three components 1, 4 is selected such that the lugs on the longitudinal segments 4 fit on the outer surfaces of the profiles 3. The components 1, 4 have joining surfaces which are shown hatched in FIG. 1 and fit exactly on one another during assembly. Before assembling the longitudinal segments 4, the inner profile 1 is mounted on the fusion drill or on the preceding pipe element of the pressure pipe string.
  • the uninterrupted lines 10, 11 are fastened in the free spaces 8 of the inner profile 1 by means of special insulating brackets 9, which then carry the lines 10, 11 by frictional adhesion.
  • the two longitudinal segments 4 are then assembled around the inner profile 1 and the lines 10, 11.
  • the assembly takes place advantageous with temperature-resistant industrial adhesive with high shear and tensile strength, which are applied to the joining surfaces and hardened by heating. With each assembly of three such elements 1, 4, the pressure pipe string is extended by a further pipe section.
  • Figure 2 shows an assembled pressure pipe section from above.
  • the cross section shows a rosette-shaped geometry, which has four free spaces 12-15 on the inside and gives the pressure pipe string optimum stability with the lowest weight.
  • the endless lines for hydrogen 10, oxygen 11 and cooling water 16 as well as for measurements 17 to be carried out and for the control 18 of the drill head are fastened by means of the insulating brackets 9.
  • Figure 3 shows an interface between two pressure pipe sections 30, 31. Each of these sections extends about 20 meters.
  • the pressure pipe longitudinal segments each have an edge 32, 33 at their end, through which a flange is formed.
  • a two-part stabilizing ring 34, 35 is mounted behind each of these edges or flanges 32, 33. Its two parts can be glued to one another and also to the pressure pipe and additionally screwed.
  • the stabilizing rings 34, 35 reinforce the pressure pipe and enlarge the adhesive surface in the pressure pipe extension.
  • Two-part securing sleeves 36, 37 are also placed over these stabilizing rings 34, 35 from the tube side and with the Stabilizing rings 34.35 glued. They can also be screwed together in the axial direction.
  • These sleeves 36, 37 pull the two pressure pipe sections 30, 31 together and additionally secure them for gluing.
  • a long pressure pipe string can absorb considerable tensile forces, so that it can be pulled out of the borehole after the hole has been drilled, in that the securing sleeves are embraced by the driver of a hydraulic pressure system.
  • the locking sleeves also take on an anti-slip function against the borehole wall and protect the pressure pipe units from damage. The dismantling of the pressure pipe string after reaching the drilling target with return takes place in reverse order by heating the bonded joining surfaces beyond the temperature resistance of the industrial adhesive and thus the individual components of the pressure pipe can be dismantled.
  • the pressure pipe components are assembled in an installation tower above the borehole in superimposed assembly halls to form a tight and pressure-stable, tight pressure pipe string, which is then used to guide the uninterrupted supply, measurement and control lines and to transmit pressure to the drill rig.
  • Such an installation tower 40 is shown in a partial section in FIG. 4. It has four floors 41-44.
  • the endless lines 10, 11, 16 for hydrogen, oxygen and cooling water will be described later Supply carousels unwound, then guided around a bending device 55 from rollers in a vertical direction upwards to the installation tower 40 and conveyed there vertically from above into the installation tower 40 via a driven deflection wheel 45.
  • the deflection wheel 45 is provided on its peripheral surface with rubber grooves in which the individual supply lines 10, 11, 16 are held by static friction.
  • the measuring and control lines are not shown here.
  • they can consist of telecommunications or fiber optic cables and can be unwound from a much smaller roll, which can be arranged directly on the roof of the installation tower 40, without these cables having to run over the deflection wheel 45.
  • the work processes of assembling the pressure pipe string 48 by means of processor-controlled automatic assembly machines 50, 51 take place with continuous drilling progress, in that they track the pressure pipe string 48 moving downwards.
  • the inner profile 1 of the pressure pipe string 48 is mounted on the top floor 44.
  • Such internal profiles 1 are stored in sufficient numbers on this floor and are fed to the automatic assembly machine 50 by a conveyor system, not shown.
  • the automatic assembly machines 50 grip the inner profile 1, for example by means of electromagnet shoes 38 or grippers, and place it on that of the previously installed pressure pipe section. Then they mount the insulating brackets 9 in order to firmly attach the endless supply lines 10, 11 and 16 and the cables (not shown) for the measurements and the control of the drill head to the inner profile 1. As soon as all the lines and cables have been mounted on the inner profile 1, the machines 50 each take a shell-shaped tube segment 4, which is also fed from a corresponding bearing, and fit these two tube segments 4 together and press them together. While the tube assembled in this way travels down from the fourth floor 44 to the third floor 43, the adhesive is thermally hardened by heating the joining strips by heating means, which can either be installed in the pressure tube segments themselves or are arranged externally.
  • a hydraulic molding press (not shown) can additionally be used, which hot presses the elements as the drilling progresses.
  • further assembly machines 51 On the third floor 43, further assembly machines 51 first mount the two-part stabilizing rings 34, 35 in the flange area of the interfaces of the pressure pipe string, as has already been described. The securing sleeves 36, 37 are then installed.
  • the automats 51 which are equipped, for example, with electromagnetic shoes 39, control the elements to be assembled in a processor-controlled manner according to the drilling progress of the pressure pipe string 48 and press them against the pressure pipe outer wall during the time required for the adhesive to harden.
  • the hydraulic pressure and lifting device is arranged, which consists of two multi-cylinder hydraulic systems 46, 47, which can transmit the high pressures required for the melting drilling process via the pressure pipe string 48 to the melting drilling rig, or depending on the hole depth and hole diameter can lift more or less large weight of the pressure pipe string 48.
  • Each hydraulic system includes grippers 49, by means of which the pressure pipe string 48 can be encompassed for pressing down above a securing collar 36, 37.
  • the grippers 49 each encompass the pressure pipe string 48 below a securing sleeve 36, 37.
  • the grippers 49 can be actuated by means of hydraulic piston-cylinder units 52.
  • the force for pushing and pulling up the pressure pipe string 48 is generated by means of a plurality of multi-cylinder hydraulic piston-cylinder units 53. In the event of a cylinder failure, the remaining cylinders are able to continue drilling.
  • the pistons act on a continuous pressure beam 54, which lowers on the gripper 49 over the respective stroke.
  • the entire pressure and lifting device is designed on two levels, so that alternately one pressure system 46, 47 can be active. In FIG. 4, the pressure system 47 is currently in the process of pushing the pressure pipe string 48 down with its closed gripper 49, while the other 46 is moving up again with its open gripper 49 in order to then be ready for the next push cycle.
  • the process of vacuum stabilization is used as an additional reinforcement for pressure pipe strings with a large diameter, with the upper opening space being sealed airtight and pressure-tight after installation of a new pressure pipe element, and the interior being evacuated via valves in the side wall.
  • the cooling water pumped through line 16 is passed under high pressure through the parts of the drill head to be cooled, so that it always remains in the liquid phase and can thus absorb and dissipate a maximum amount of heat.
  • the cooling water outlet valves open on the top of the drill head, at the end of its cooling zone, directly into the borehole clearance, i.e. between the borehole wall and the pressure pipe string.
  • the cooling water pressure must be significantly above the pressure of the water column building up in the borehole from the cooling water being released, so that the released energy of the overheated cooling water can still be used for motor forces.
  • steam pressure-operated, self-advancing side pressure transmitters are installed for controlling and correcting the course of the melting drill.
  • the steam pressure is supplied via steam units, which are arranged in the melting drilling rig.
  • FIG. 5 shows a supply carousel 60, from which the supply lines can be handled according to the "tube coil system", that is to say the entire length of the supply lines is deposited on such a reusable supply carousel without break-prone connecting points, which at the same time has the required pressure -, Refrigeration or energy units, and storage tank 61 houses.
  • a supply carousel 60 consists of a rigid, circular platform 62, which runs in the outer and middle area on a circular track 63 and is driven, for example, by means of a gear drive via a plurality of synchronously running electric motors in a precisely controllable manner.
  • the supply carousel 60 is surrounded by a supply line 64 for tanker vehicles 65, so that it is possible to refuel its storage containers 61 while the carousel 60 is rotating.
  • the inner line end is connected to the storage container 61 via a pump station, so that the line 10 is continuously and at a constant pressure supplied with the liquid oxygen, hydrogen or the cooling water.
  • the supply line 10 is rolled up in a depot in several layers of windings several hundred times as in a huge, open-to-the-wall high rack.
  • the individual layers are secured on the outer edge of the platform 62 of the carousel 60 by hydraulically adjustable layer holders 66, which each release only the uppermost layer for processing.
  • layer holders 66 insulate the layer windings from the outside and are retracted layer by layer during the unwinding by means of hydraulic cylinder / piston units 67, so that the "endless" supply line is led out cleanly and in an orderly manner.
  • the windings of line 10 are covered by a well-insulating, tight cover 69, which also ensures that no water penetrates between the windings.
  • the uninterrupted line 10 is guided over a hydraulically alignable conveying device 68 with rollers in a large arc to the bending device 55 on the installation tower.
  • Select the minimum bending radii so that they remain within the elastic limits of the pipes used, thus avoiding kink damage to the supply lines.
  • There is a separate carousel for each supply line so that there are no coordination problems due to the different unwinding speeds with different line diameters.
  • the processing of the individual carousels is synchronized by the drive motors of the carousels controlled by controllers, so that all lines of the entire supply chain are always promoted at a constant speed.

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Abstract

PCT No. PCT/CH90/00123 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 1, 1991 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 1, 1991 PCT Filed May 3, 1990 PCT Pub. No. WO90/13729 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 15, 1990.A high pressure pipe string for continuous fusion drilling of deep wells which houses supply lines, measurement instrumentation and control wiring of the drilling device. It has at least two shell elements forming two halves of a pipe, and these parts are assembled into a smooth, tight, and compression and tension resistant pipe. In a process for assembling, propelling and subsequently dismantling a high-pressure pipe string for continuous fusion drilling of deep wells, the supply lines, the measurement instrumentation and the control wiring are fed to the boring head in a continuous manner. The supply lines, the measurement instrumentation and the control wiring are encased in a tight, compression and tension resistant high-pressure pipe string having several parts, the assembled pipe string being continuously propelled downward into the boring. The device for the execution of one of these processes has one storage carrousel for each of the supply lines, on which the supply lines are wound. Such a storage carrousel has a circular, rotating and motor-driven platform designed to hold the wound up supply lines. It also has a multi-level assembly tower housing the elements for assembling the pipe segments, to propel the pipe string downward into the boring, and to subsequently retrieve and dismantle the pipe string.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Druckrohrstrang zum kontinuierlichen Schmelzbohren für Tiefbohrungen. Daneben betrifft die Erfindung auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung dieses Druckstranges wie auch zu dessen Vortreiben im Bohrloch und hernach dessen Abbrechen. Schliesslich betrifft die Erfindung auch Vorrichtungen zur Ausübung der vorgenannten Verfahren.The present invention relates to a pressure pipe string for continuous fusion drilling for deep drilling. In addition, the invention also relates to a method for producing this pressure string as well as for advancing it in the borehole and then breaking it off. Finally, the invention also relates to devices for performing the aforementioned methods.

Unter kontinuierlichem Schmelzbohren wird eine Bohrtechnik verstanden, bei der vor oder an der Bohrkopfspitze eine so hohe Temperatur erzeugt wird, dass dort das Gestein aufgeschmolzen wird und die Gesteinsschmelze infolge des auf den Bohrkopf beaufschlagten Druckes in die aufgrund von Thermostress entstandenen Risse (Thermo-Fraction) im Seitengestein abgedrückt wird. Der Bohrkopf vermag in der Folge kontinuierlich weiter nachzustossen, Gestein aufzuschmelzen und zu verpressen. Solche Schmelzbohrtechniken sind zum Beispiel in der deutschen Patentschrift DE 25 54 101 C2 und in der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift 37 01 676 A1 beschrieben. Die erforderlichen Temperaturen werden von Hochdruck-Flammstrahlen erzeugt, die stöchiometrisch Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff verbrennen. Das Verfahren nach der deutschen Patentschrift DE 25 54 101 C2 ist zur Totalverpressung des als Schmelze anfallenden Bohrgutes ins Seitengestein konzipiert. Demgegenüber ist das Verfahren nach der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift 37 01 676 A1 ein Profilschmelzbohrverfahren, bei dem nur das Aussenprofil eines Bohrloches in einem minimalen Querschnitt, der gerade Platz für das Bohrgerät und dessen Versorgungsleitungen bietet, aufgeschmolzen wird. Die anfallende Schmelze aus diesem Bereich wird zum grösseren Teil in den stehenbleibenden Bohrlochkern gepresst. Der Bohrlochkern erfährt dabei eine Volumenvergrösserung und wird abschnittweise nach Passieren der inneren Kühlzone des Schmelzbohrgerätes abgeschert und nach oben gefördert. Beide Schmelzbohrverfahren sind als kontinuierliche Verfahren ausgelegt, das heisst, der Bohrvorgang erfolgt bis zum Bohrziel in einem Nu. Durch die seitliche Verpressung des Schmelzbohrgutes entsteht eine feste Bohrlochverschalung, die dem Schmelzbohrgerät als Führung dient und Einbrüche von Seitengestein ins Bohrloch verhindert. Ein kontinuierlicher Bohrvorgang ohne Unterbrechung und "round-trips" ist mittels eines solchen Schmelzbohrverfahrens auch auf Tiefen von 10'000 m bis 15'000 m deshalb möglich, weil die Lebensdauer des Druckbohrkopfes so ausgelegt werden kann, dass er eine Standzeit aufweist, die zur Erreichung des -ziels ausreicht. Um den kontinuierlichen Schmelzbohrprozess vor Unterbrechungen durch technische Pannen bestmöglich zu schützen, sind Verfahren zu wählen, bei denen mögliche Ausfallursachen auf ein Miniumum reduziert sind und Vorrichtungen gleich mehrfach zur Verfügung stehen, sodass bei Ausfall eines Aggregates sofort die weiteren zum Einsatz kommen können. Ein kontinuierlicher, ununterbrochener Bohrvorgang erhöht den Bohrfortschritt enorm und senkt die Bohrkosten. Diese Vorteile sind dem Schmelzbohrverfahrens grundsätzlich eigen, da es die Bohrkopfwechsel, Bohrgestängewechsel oder Bohrkernziehungen, die den Vortrieb der Bohrung unterbrechen würden, wie das bei der konventionellen mechanischen Bohrtechnik mit ihren bekannten "round-trips" der Fall ist, erübrigt. Diese Vorteile des Schmelzbohrverfahrens kommen aber nur dann zum Tragen, wenn die Versorung und Steuerung des Bohrkopfes ebenfalls über die ganze Bohrlochtiefe kontinuierlich erfolgen kann. Damit also diese Schmelzbohrverfahren zum Erstellen von Tiefbohrungen angewendet werden können, muss der sich kontinuierlich über einige tausend Meter ohne Halt nach unten bewegende Bohrkopf ständig unter einem Förderdruck in der Grössenordnung von etwa 2'000 bar mit Wasserstoff, Sauerstoff und Kühlwasser versorgt werden sowie mit einem mechanischen Anpressdruck beaufschlagt werden. Der abschnittweise Zusammenbau der Hochdruck-Versorgungsleitungen für Wasserstoff, Sauerstoff und Kühlwasser unter solchen Drucken sowie der Zusammenbau der Mess- und Steuerleitungen würde durch eine Vielzahl von Verbindungsstellen die Gefahr von Leckstellen und Ausfällen vorprogrammieren und die Montageabläufe verkomplizieren. Es muss deshalb mit anderen Mitteln eine kontinuierliche Versorgung, Steuerung und Kontrolle des Bohrkopfes mit Nach- und Rückführung des Druckrohrstranges mit den Versorgungs-, Mess- und Steuerleitungen sichergestellt werden.Continuous melt drilling is understood to mean a drilling technique in which a temperature is generated in front of or at the tip of the drill head so that the rock is melted there and the rock melt due to the pressure exerted on the drill head into the cracks caused by thermal stress (thermo-fraction) is pushed off in the side rock. As a result, the drill head is able to continuously re-impact, melt and compress rock. Such fusion drilling techniques are for example described in German patent specification DE 25 54 101 C2 and in German patent application 37 01 676 A1. The required temperatures are generated by high-pressure flame jets that stoichiometrically burn hydrogen and oxygen. The method according to German patent DE 25 54 101 C2 is designed for total compression of the drilling material resulting from the melt into the side rock. In contrast, the method according to German laid-open specification 37 01 676 A1 is a profile melting drilling method, in which only the outer profile of a borehole is melted in a minimal cross section, which just offers space for the drilling device and its supply lines. The resulting melt from this area is largely pressed into the standing core of the borehole. The core of the borehole is increased in volume and is sheared off in sections after passing through the inner cooling zone of the melting drilling rig and conveyed upwards. Both fusion drilling processes are designed as continuous processes, which means that the drilling process takes place in one go up to the drilling target. The lateral pressing of the melted material creates a solid borehole casing that serves as a guide for the melter drilling machine and prevents collapse of side rocks into the borehole. A continuous drilling process without interruption and "round trips" is possible with such a melting drilling method even at depths of 10,000 m to 15,000 m because the service life of the pressure drilling head can be designed so that it has a service life that is Achievement of the goal is sufficient. To the continuous melt drilling process To provide the best possible protection against interruptions due to technical breakdowns, procedures must be selected in which possible causes of failure are reduced to a minimum and devices are available several times, so that if one unit fails, the others can be used immediately. A continuous, uninterrupted drilling process increases the drilling progress enormously and reduces the drilling costs. These advantages are inherent in the fusion drilling method, since it eliminates the need to change the drill head, change the drill rod or pull the drill core, which would interrupt the drilling of the hole, as is the case with conventional mechanical drilling technology with its known "round trips". However, these advantages of the fusion drilling process only come into play if the supply and control of the drill head can also take place continuously over the entire depth of the borehole. So that these fusion drilling methods can be used to create deep boreholes, the drilling head, which moves continuously downwards over a few thousand meters without a stop, must be continuously supplied with hydrogen, oxygen and cooling water under a delivery pressure of the order of approximately 2,000 bar, as well as with a mechanical contact pressure can be applied. The section-by-section assembly of the high-pressure supply lines for hydrogen, oxygen and cooling water under such pressures, as well as the assembly of the measurement and control lines, would preprogramme the risk of leaks and failures through a large number of connection points and complicate the assembly processes. It must therefore be done by other means Continuous supply, control and monitoring of the drill head with tracking and return of the pressure pipe string with the supply, measurement and control lines are ensured.

Aus der US-A-3'817'466 ist ein Rohrspulensystem bekanntgeworden, mit dem mehrere flexible Bohrrohre in einen Korb, der sich um eine vertikale Achse dreht, gleichzeitig aufgewickelt werden. In diesem Korb werden die flexiblen Rohre automatisch positioniert, sodass sie sich darin nicht verheddern können oder über- oder untereinandergleiten können und so deren Oberfläche abgescheuert würde. Ausserdem wir dabei sichergestellt, dass die Kapaztität eines solchen Korbes optimal ausgenützt wird. Hierzu ist der Korb in mehrere konzentrische Abteile aufteilt, in welche die flexiblen Rohre zu liegen kommen, wobei über bewegliche Weichen festgelegt wird, in welches Abteil ein Rohr aufgerollt wird.From US-A-3'817'466 a pipe coil system has become known, with which several flexible drill pipes are coiled simultaneously in a basket which rotates about a vertical axis. The flexible pipes are automatically positioned in this basket so that they cannot get tangled in them or slide over or under each other and their surface would be rubbed off. We also ensure that the capacity of such a basket is used optimally. For this purpose, the basket is divided into several concentric compartments, in which the flexible tubes come to rest, with movable switches determining the compartment into which a tube is rolled up.

Aus der US-A-4'585'066 ist ein System bekanntgeworden, um Rohr- und Kabel-Stränge unterschiedlichen Durchmessers zur Energie-Belieferung und Beheizung eines Abschnittes einer unterirdischen Erdformation kontiniuerlich in ein Bohrloch einzubringen. Hierzu wird ein Gewichtskörper an einem Stahlseil in das Bohrloch abgesenkt. Mit gleicher Geschwindigkeit werden flexible Kabel und Rohre von diesem Gewichtsseil in das Bohrloch hinuntergezogen und dabei von trichterförmigen Strang-Führmitteln zu einem möglichst kompakten Strang zusammengefasst, der abschnittsweise mit einem flexiblen Band zusammengebunden wird.A system has become known from US-A-4,585,066 for continuously inserting pipe and cable strands of different diameters into a borehole for supplying energy and heating a section of an underground earth formation. For this purpose, a weight body is lowered into the borehole on a steel cable. Flexible cables and pipes are pulled from this weight rope down into the borehole at the same speed and are combined from funnel-shaped strand guiding means to form a strand that is as compact as possible, which is sectionally connected with a flexible band is tied together.

In beiden obengenannten Fällen wird jedoch kein Druckrohrstrang gebaut, sondern es geht dabei in erster Linie um das Ein- und Ausbringen von flexiblen Leitungen in ein Bohrloch. Das kontinuierliche Schmelzbohren verlangt jedoch darüberhinaus unbedingt einen kontinuierlich zusammenbaubaren Druckrohrstrang.In both of the above cases, however, no pressure pipe string is built, but it is primarily about the insertion and removal of flexible lines in a borehole. In addition, continuous fusion drilling absolutely requires a continuously assembled pressure pipe string.

Es ist deshalb die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Druckrohrstrang zum kontinuierlichen Schmelzbohren für Tiefbohrungen zu schaffen. Ausserdem ist es eine Aufgabe der Erfindung, Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Herstellen, Vortreiben und hernach Abbrechen dieses Druckrohrstranges zu schaffen.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a pressure pipe string for continuous fusion drilling for deep drilling. In addition, it is an object of the invention to provide methods and devices for producing, advancing and subsequently breaking off this pressure pipe string.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe von einem Druckrohrstrang zum kontinuierlichen Schmelzbohren für Tiefbohrungen, in dessen Innerem die Versorgungs-, Mess-, und Steuerleitungen für das Bohrgerät gelagert sind und der sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass er wenigstens zwei schalenförmige Bauelemente einschliesst, die je ein Längssegment eines Rohres bilden, und dass die Längssegmente Mittel für den Zusammenbau zu einem aussen glatten, dichten, zug- und druckkraftschlüssigen Rohr aufweisen.This task is solved by a pressure pipe string for continuous fusion drilling for deep drilling, in the interior of which the supply, measuring and control lines for the drilling rig are stored and which is characterized in that it includes at least two shell-shaped components, each of which is a longitudinal segment of a pipe form, and that the longitudinal segments have means for assembly to an externally smooth, dense, tensile and compressive force-fitting pipe.

Die Aufgabe wird ausserdem gelöst von einem Verfahren zum Herstellen, Vortreiben und hernach Abbrechen eines Druckrohrstranges zum kontinuierlichen Schmelzbohren für Tiefbohrungen, bei dem die Versorgungs-, Mess- und Steuerleitungen über die zu bohrende Tiefe endlos zugeführt werden und bei dem während des Bohrvortriebes um die Versorgungs-, Mess- und Steuerleitungen herum aus mehreren Bauelementen ein druck-und zugfester, dichter Druckrohrstrang abschnittsweise zusammengebaut wird, der sodann kontinuierlich vorgetrieben wird. Schliesslich wird die Aufgabe gelöst von einer Vorrichtung zur Ausübung des obigen Verfahrens, die sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass die Versorgungs-, Mess-, und Steuerleitungen auf je einem Versorgungskarussell aufgewickelt sind, welches eine kreisförmige, drehbar gelagerte und motorisch antreibbare Plattform zur Aufnahme der Wicklungen aufweist, und dass ein mehrstöckiger Installationsturm vorhanden ist, in dem auf dessen Stockwerke verteilt Mittel zum abschnittsweisen Zusammenbau, zum kontinuierlichen Vortrieb und hernach zum Abbrechen des Druckrohrstranges angeordnet sind.The object is also achieved by a method for producing, advancing and then breaking off a pressure pipe string for continuous fusion drilling for deep drilling, in which the supply, measurement and control lines are fed in endlessly over the depth to be drilled and in which during the drilling operation around the supply, measurement and control lines, a pressure and tensile, tight pressure pipe string is assembled in sections, which is then driven forward continuously. Finally, the object is achieved by a device for performing the above method, which is characterized in that the supply, measurement and control lines are each wound on a supply carousel, which is a circular, rotatably mounted and motor-driven platform for receiving the windings and that there is a multi-storey installation tower, in which are arranged on its floors means for section-wise assembly, for continuous propulsion and afterwards for breaking off the pressure pipe string.

Besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungen des Druckrohrstranges sowie besonders vorteilhafte Verfahrensvarianten und Vorrichtungen zur Ausübung der Verfahren gehen aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen hervor und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung erläutert. Die Beschreibung der Erfindung bezieht sich teilweise auf Zeichnungen, die beispielsweise Ausführungen der Erfindung darstellen.Particularly advantageous designs of the pressure pipe string, as well as particularly advantageous process variants and devices for carrying out the processes, emerge from the dependent patent claims and are explained in the following description. The description of the invention relates in part to drawings which, for example, represent embodiments of the invention.

Es zeigt:

Figur 1
die drei Haupt-Bauteile des Druckrohrstrang-Abschnittes beim Zusammenbau;
Figur 2
den zusammengebauten Druckrohrstrang von oben gesehen;
Figur 3
die Schnittstelle von zwei Druckrohrstrang-Abschnitten;
Figur 4
einen Schnitt durch einen Installationsturm für das Zusammenbauen, das Vortreiben und hernach Abbrechen des Druckrohrstranges;
Figur 5
ein Versorgungskarussell in perspektivischer Ansicht mit einem Segmentschnitt.
It shows:
Figure 1
the three main components of the pressure pipe string section during assembly;
Figure 2
the assembled pressure pipe string seen from above;
Figure 3
the intersection of two pressure pipe string sections;
Figure 4
a section through an installation tower for assembling, driving and then breaking off the pressure pipe string;
Figure 5
a supply carousel in a perspective view with a segmental cut.

Erfindungsgemäss werden die Leitungen für die Versorgung des Bohrkopfes mit Wasserstoff, Sauerstoff und Kühlwasser sowie auch für die Steuerung und Messung endlos ausgeführt, das heisst es werden Leitungen verwendet, die über die ganze zu bohrende Tiefe von bis zu etwa 15 km nahtlos hergestellt werden. Diese Rohre müssen in der Regel vor Ort gezogen werden, da ein Transport ausgeschlossen ist. Bei den Wasserstoff- und Sauerstoffleitungen handelt es sich um Endlos-Rohre aus geeigneten zug- und biegefesten Stahllegierungen. Diese Leitungen müssen einen Druck von ca. 2'000 bar aushalten und weisen einen Aussendurchmesser von der Grässenordnung 20 mm auf. Die Kühlwasserleitungen sind etwas grösser und weisen einen Aussendurchmesser von ca. 50 mm auf. Damit die Leitungen die hohen Drucke aushalten, betragen ihre Wandstärken bei diesen Aussendurchmessern etwa 1/4 bis 1/3 des Aussendurchmessers. Solche Leitungen lassen sich problemlos elastisch um einen Radius von etwa 20 Metern biegen. Sogar Rohre mit noch wesentlich grösserem Aussendurchmesser liessen sich um einen solchen Radius elastisch biegen. Die Erfindung schafft nun einen Druckrohrstrang, der es erlaubt, solche endlosen Rohre kontinuierlich in das Bohrloch einzuführen. Der Druckrohrstrang nimmt hierfür das kontinuierliche Leitungssystem auf und schützt es. Ausserdem überträgt er den erforderlichen Andruck auf das Schmelzbohrgerät oder nimmt die Zugkräfte auf, die nötig sind, um den Druckrohrstrang nach Erreichen des Bohrziels wieder aus dem Bohrloch herausziehen zu können.According to the invention, the lines for supplying the drilling head with hydrogen, oxygen and cooling water and also for the control and measurement are endless, that is to say lines are used which are seamlessly produced over the entire depth to be drilled of up to approximately 15 km. As a rule, these pipes have to be pulled on site as transport is impossible. The hydrogen and oxygen lines are continuous tubes made of suitable tensile and flex-resistant steel alloys. These lines have to withstand a pressure of approx. 2,000 bar and have an outside diameter of the order of 20 mm. The cooling water pipes are somewhat larger and have an outside diameter of approx. 50 mm. In order for the lines to withstand the high pressures, their wall thicknesses for these outside diameters are approximately 1/4 to 1/3 of the outside diameter. Such cables can easily be bent elastically by a radius of around 20 meters. Even pipes with a much larger outside diameter could be bent elastically by such a radius. The invention now creates a pressure pipe string that allows such endless pipes continuously insert into the borehole. For this purpose, the pressure pipe string takes up the continuous pipe system and protects it. In addition, it transmits the required pressure to the melting drilling rig or absorbs the tensile forces necessary to pull the pressure pipe string out of the borehole after reaching the drilling target.

In der Figur 1 ist ein Druckrohrstrang beim Zusammenbau dargestellt. Er besteht aus drei Bauteilen, nämlich aus einem Innenprofil 1 mit einem zentralen Rohr 2, welches an seiner Aussenseite Profile 3 aufweist, die dem ganzen Innenprofil 1 einen kreuzförmigen Querschnitt geben, und weiter aus zwei kongruenten, schalenförmigen Bauelementen 4, welche je ein Längssegment eines Rohres bilden. An den Innenseiten dieser Längs segmente 4 sind in radialer Richtung vorstehende Nasen 5,6,7 vorhanden. Die Geometrie der drei Bauelemente 1,4 ist so gewählt, dass die Nasen an den Längssegmenten 4 auf die Aussenflächen der Profile 3 passen. Die Bauelemente 1,4 weisen Fügeflächen auf, die in der Figur 1 schraffiert eingezeichnet sind und beim Zusammenbau exakt aufeinander passen. Vor dem Zusammenbau der Längssegmente 4 wird das Innenprofil 1 auf das Schmelzbohrgerät oder auf das vorangehende Rohrelement des Druckrohrstranges montiert. Die ununterbrochenen Leitungen 10,11 werden in den Freiräumen 8 des Innenprofils 1 mittels spezieller Isolierhalterungen 9 befestigt, die dann durch Reibungshaftung die Leitungen 10,11 tragen. Anschliessend werden die beiden Längs segmente 4 um das Innenprofil 1 und die Leitungen 10,11 zusammengebaut. Die Montage erfolgt vorteilhaft mittels temperaturfester Industriekleber mit hoher Scher- und Zugfestigkeit, die auf die Fügeflächen aufgebracht und durch Erhitzen ausgehärtet werden. Mit jedem Zusammenbau von drei solchen Elementen 1,4 wird der Druckrohrstrang jeweils um einen weiteren Rohrabschnitt verlängert.1 shows a pressure pipe string during assembly. It consists of three components, namely an inner profile 1 with a central tube 2, which has profiles 3 on its outside, which give the entire inner profile 1 a cross-shaped cross section, and further consists of two congruent, shell-shaped components 4, each of which has a longitudinal segment Tube. On the inside of these longitudinal segments 4 projecting lugs 5,6,7 are available in the radial direction. The geometry of the three components 1, 4 is selected such that the lugs on the longitudinal segments 4 fit on the outer surfaces of the profiles 3. The components 1, 4 have joining surfaces which are shown hatched in FIG. 1 and fit exactly on one another during assembly. Before assembling the longitudinal segments 4, the inner profile 1 is mounted on the fusion drill or on the preceding pipe element of the pressure pipe string. The uninterrupted lines 10, 11 are fastened in the free spaces 8 of the inner profile 1 by means of special insulating brackets 9, which then carry the lines 10, 11 by frictional adhesion. The two longitudinal segments 4 are then assembled around the inner profile 1 and the lines 10, 11. The assembly takes place advantageous with temperature-resistant industrial adhesive with high shear and tensile strength, which are applied to the joining surfaces and hardened by heating. With each assembly of three such elements 1, 4, the pressure pipe string is extended by a further pipe section.

Figur 2 zeigt einen zusammengebauten Druckrohrabschnitt von oben. Der Querschnitt zeigt eine rosettenförmige Geometrie, welche im Innern vier Freiräume 12-15 aufweist und dem Druckrohrstrang optimale Stabilität bei geringstem Gewicht verleiht. In den Freiräumen 12-15 des Druckrohrstranges sind die endlosen Leitungen für Wasserstoff 10, Sauerstoff 11 und Kühlwasser 16 sowie für vorzunehmende Messungen 17 und für die Steuerung 18 des Bohrkopfes mittels der Isolierhalterungen 9 befestigt.Figure 2 shows an assembled pressure pipe section from above. The cross section shows a rosette-shaped geometry, which has four free spaces 12-15 on the inside and gives the pressure pipe string optimum stability with the lowest weight. In the free spaces 12-15 of the pressure pipe string, the endless lines for hydrogen 10, oxygen 11 and cooling water 16 as well as for measurements 17 to be carried out and for the control 18 of the drill head are fastened by means of the insulating brackets 9.

Figur 3 zeigt eine Schnittstelle zwischen zwei Druckrohrstrang-Abschnitten 30, 31. Jeder dieser Abschnitte erstreckt sich um etwa 20 Meter. Die Druckrohr-Längssegmente weisen an ihrem Ende je einen Rand 32,33 auf, durch den ein Flansch gebildet wird. Hinter jedem dieser Ränder oder Flansche 32,33 ist ein zweiteiliger Stabilisierungsring 34,35 montiert. Seine beiden Teile können miteinander und auch mit dem Druckrohr verklebt sein und zusätzlich verschraubt sein. Die Stabilisierungsringe 34,35 verstärken das Druckrohr und vergrössern die Klebefläche im Druckrohransatz. Ueber diese Stabilisierungsringe 34,35 sind von der Rohrseite her ebenfalls zweiteilige Sicherungsmanschetten 36,37 gestülpt und mit den Stabilisierungsringen 34,35 verklebt. Sie können ausserdem in axialer Richtung miteinander verschraubt sind. Diese Manschetten 36,37 ziehen die beiden Druckrohr-Abschnitte 30,31 zusammen und sichern sie zusätzlich zur Verklebung. Mittels dieser Verbindung von mehreren Druckrohrabschnitten kann ein langer Druckrohrstrang erhebliche Zugkräfte aufnehmen, sodass er nach erfolgter Bohrung aus dem Bohrloch hochgezogen werden kann, indem die Sicherungsmanschetten vom Mitnehmer einer hydraulischen Druckanlage umfasst werden. Ausserdem übernehmen die Sicherungsmanschetten neben einer zusätzlichen Stabilisierung eine Gleitschutzfunktion gegenüber der Bohrlochwandung und schützen die Druckrohreinheiten vor Beschädigungen. Die Demontage des Druckrohrstrangs nach Erreichen des Bohrziels mit Rückführung erfolgt in umgekehrter Reihenfolge, indem die geklebten Fügeflächen über den Temperaturbeständigkeitsgrad des Industrieklebers hinaus erhitzt werden und somit die einzelnen Bauelemente des Druckrohres demontierbar werden.Figure 3 shows an interface between two pressure pipe sections 30, 31. Each of these sections extends about 20 meters. The pressure pipe longitudinal segments each have an edge 32, 33 at their end, through which a flange is formed. A two-part stabilizing ring 34, 35 is mounted behind each of these edges or flanges 32, 33. Its two parts can be glued to one another and also to the pressure pipe and additionally screwed. The stabilizing rings 34, 35 reinforce the pressure pipe and enlarge the adhesive surface in the pressure pipe extension. Two-part securing sleeves 36, 37 are also placed over these stabilizing rings 34, 35 from the tube side and with the Stabilizing rings 34.35 glued. They can also be screwed together in the axial direction. These sleeves 36, 37 pull the two pressure pipe sections 30, 31 together and additionally secure them for gluing. By means of this connection of several pressure pipe sections, a long pressure pipe string can absorb considerable tensile forces, so that it can be pulled out of the borehole after the hole has been drilled, in that the securing sleeves are embraced by the driver of a hydraulic pressure system. In addition to additional stabilization, the locking sleeves also take on an anti-slip function against the borehole wall and protect the pressure pipe units from damage. The dismantling of the pressure pipe string after reaching the drilling target with return takes place in reverse order by heating the bonded joining surfaces beyond the temperature resistance of the industrial adhesive and thus the individual components of the pressure pipe can be dismantled.

Die Druckrohr-Bauteile werden in einem Installationsturm über dem Bohrloch in übereinanderliegenden Montagehallen zu einem zug- und druckstabilen, dichten Druckrohrstrang zusammengebaut, der dann zur Führung der ununterbrochenen Versorgungs-, Mess- und Steuerzuleitungen und zur Druckübertragung auf das Schmelzbohrgerät dient. Ein solcher Installationsturm 40 ist in einem Teilschnitt in Figur 4 dargestellt. Er weist vier Stockwerke 41-44 auf. Die endlosen Leitungen 10,11,16 für Wasserstoff, Sauerstoff und Kühlwasser werden von später beschriebenen Versorungskarussells abgewickelt, sodann um eine Biegevorrichtung 55 aus Walzen in senkrechter Richtung nach oben auf den Installationsturm 40 geführt und dort über ein angetriebenes Umlenkrad 45 senkrecht von oben in den Installationsturm 40 gefördert. Das Umlenkrad 45 ist an seiner Umfangsfläche mit Gummirillen versehen, in denen die einzelnen Versorgungsleitungen 10,11,16 durch Haftreibung gehalten sind. Die Mess- und Steuerleitungen sind hier nicht eingezeichnet. Sie können zum Beispiel aus Fernmelde- oder Glasfaserkabel bestehen und von einer viel kleineren Rolle abgewickelt werden, die direkt auf dem Dach des Installationsturmes 40 angeordnet sein kann, ohne dass diese Kabel über das Umlenkrad 45 zu laufen brauchen. Im Installationsturm 40 laufen die Arbeitsvorgänge des Zusammenbaus des Druckrohrstranges 48 mittels prozessorgesteuerter Montageautomaten 50,51 bei kontiniuerlichem Bohrfortschritt ab, indem diese dem sich stetig abwärts bewegenden Druckrohrstrang 48 nachgeführt werden. Im obersten Stockwerk 44 wird das Innenprofil 1 des Druckrohrstranges 48 montiert. Solche Innenprofile 1 sind in diesem Stockwerk in hinreichender Anzahl gelagert und werden von einer nicht dargestellten Förderanlage den Montageautomaten 50 zugeführt. Die Montageautomaten 50 ergreifen das Innenprofil 1, zum Beispiel mittels Elektromagnet-Schuhen 38 oder Greifern, und setzen es auf jenes des zuvor montierten Druckrohrabschnittes auf. Danach montieren sie die Isolierhalterungen 9, um die endlosen Versorgungsleitungen 10,11 und 16 sowie die nicht dargestellten Kabel für die Messungen und die Steuerung des Bohrkopfes fest an das Innenprofil 1 anzubauen. Sobald alle Leitungen und Kabel am Innenporfil 1 montiert sind, ergreifen die Automaten 50 je ein schalenförmiges Rohrsegment 4, welches ebenfalls von einem entsprechenden Lager zugeführt wird, und fügen diese beiden Rohrsegmente 4 passgenau zusammen und verpressen sie. Während das so zusammengebaute Rohr vom vierten Stockwerk 44 zum dritten Stockwerk 43 hinabfährt, erfolgt die Temperaturhärtung des Klebers mittels Aufheizung der Fügeleisten durch Heizmittel, die entweder in den Druckrohrsegmenten selbst eingebaut sein können oder extern angeordnet sind. Hierzu kann zusätzlich eine nicht dargestellte Hydraulikformpresse dienen, welche unter Mitgehen mit dem Bohrfortschritt die Elemente heiss verpresst. Im dritten Stockwerk 43 werden von weiteren Montageautomaten 51 zuerst im Flanschbereich der Schnittstellen des Druckrohrstranges die zweiteiligen Stabilisierungsringe 34,35 montiert, wie diese schon beschrieben wurden. Danach erfolgt die Montage der Sicherungsmanschetten 36,37. Auch hier führen die Automaten 51, welche zum Beispiel mit Elektromagnetschuhen 39 bestückt sind, prozessorgesteuert die zu montierenden Elemente gemäss dem Bohrfortschritt des Druckrohrstranges 48 demselben nach und pressen diese während der für die Aushärtung des Klebers erforderlichen Zeit an die Druckrohraussenwand. In den Stockwerken 42 und 41 ist die hydraulische Druck- und Hebevorrichtung angeordnet, die aus zwei mehrzylindrischen Hydraulikanlagen 46,47 besteht, welche die für den Schmelzbohrprozess erforderlichen hohen Drucke über den Druckrohrstrang 48 auf das Schmelzbohrgerät übertragen können, beziehungsweise das je nach Bohrlochtiefe und Bohrlochdurchmesser mehr oder weniger grosse Gewicht des Druckrohrstranges 48 zu heben vermögen. Jede Hydraulikanlage schliesst Greifer 49 ein, mittels derer der Druckrohrstrang 48 für das Hinunterpressen oberhalb einer Sicherungsmanschette 36,37 umfasst werden kann. Für das Heben des Druckrohrstranges 48 umfassen die Greifer 49 den Druckrohrstrang 48 jeweils unterhalb einer Sicherungsmanschette 36,37. Die Greifer 49 sind mittels hydraulischer Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten 52 betätigbar. Die Kraft für das Hinuterdrücken und Hochziehen des Druckrohrstranges 48 wird mittels mehreren mehrzylindrischen hydraulischen Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten 53 erzeugt. Im Falle eines Zylinderausfalls vermögen die verbleibenden Zylinder den Bohrvorgang aufrechtzuerhalten. Die Kolben wirken auf einen durchgehenden Druckbalken 54, welcher sich über den jeweiligen Hubweg auf die Greifer 49 absenkt. Die ganze Druck- und Hebevorrichtung ist doppelstöckig angelegt, damit abwechslungsweise je eine Druckanlage 46,47 aktiv sein kann. In der Figur 4 ist im Augenblick gerade die Druckanlage 47 daran, den Druckrohrstrang 48 mit ihrem geschlossenen Greifer 49 abwärts zu stossen, während die andere 46 mit ihrem geöffneten Greifer 49 wieder nach oben fährt, um dann für den nächsten Schubtakt bereit zu sein.The pressure pipe components are assembled in an installation tower above the borehole in superimposed assembly halls to form a tight and pressure-stable, tight pressure pipe string, which is then used to guide the uninterrupted supply, measurement and control lines and to transmit pressure to the drill rig. Such an installation tower 40 is shown in a partial section in FIG. 4. It has four floors 41-44. The endless lines 10, 11, 16 for hydrogen, oxygen and cooling water will be described later Supply carousels unwound, then guided around a bending device 55 from rollers in a vertical direction upwards to the installation tower 40 and conveyed there vertically from above into the installation tower 40 via a driven deflection wheel 45. The deflection wheel 45 is provided on its peripheral surface with rubber grooves in which the individual supply lines 10, 11, 16 are held by static friction. The measuring and control lines are not shown here. For example, they can consist of telecommunications or fiber optic cables and can be unwound from a much smaller roll, which can be arranged directly on the roof of the installation tower 40, without these cables having to run over the deflection wheel 45. In the installation tower 40, the work processes of assembling the pressure pipe string 48 by means of processor-controlled automatic assembly machines 50, 51 take place with continuous drilling progress, in that they track the pressure pipe string 48 moving downwards. The inner profile 1 of the pressure pipe string 48 is mounted on the top floor 44. Such internal profiles 1 are stored in sufficient numbers on this floor and are fed to the automatic assembly machine 50 by a conveyor system, not shown. The automatic assembly machines 50 grip the inner profile 1, for example by means of electromagnet shoes 38 or grippers, and place it on that of the previously installed pressure pipe section. Then they mount the insulating brackets 9 in order to firmly attach the endless supply lines 10, 11 and 16 and the cables (not shown) for the measurements and the control of the drill head to the inner profile 1. As soon as all the lines and cables have been mounted on the inner profile 1, the machines 50 each take a shell-shaped tube segment 4, which is also fed from a corresponding bearing, and fit these two tube segments 4 together and press them together. While the tube assembled in this way travels down from the fourth floor 44 to the third floor 43, the adhesive is thermally hardened by heating the joining strips by heating means, which can either be installed in the pressure tube segments themselves or are arranged externally. For this purpose, a hydraulic molding press (not shown) can additionally be used, which hot presses the elements as the drilling progresses. On the third floor 43, further assembly machines 51 first mount the two-part stabilizing rings 34, 35 in the flange area of the interfaces of the pressure pipe string, as has already been described. The securing sleeves 36, 37 are then installed. Here, too, the automats 51, which are equipped, for example, with electromagnetic shoes 39, control the elements to be assembled in a processor-controlled manner according to the drilling progress of the pressure pipe string 48 and press them against the pressure pipe outer wall during the time required for the adhesive to harden. In the floors 42 and 41 the hydraulic pressure and lifting device is arranged, which consists of two multi-cylinder hydraulic systems 46, 47, which can transmit the high pressures required for the melting drilling process via the pressure pipe string 48 to the melting drilling rig, or depending on the hole depth and hole diameter can lift more or less large weight of the pressure pipe string 48. Each hydraulic system includes grippers 49, by means of which the pressure pipe string 48 can be encompassed for pressing down above a securing collar 36, 37. For the lifting of the pressure pipe string 48, the grippers 49 each encompass the pressure pipe string 48 below a securing sleeve 36, 37. The grippers 49 can be actuated by means of hydraulic piston-cylinder units 52. The force for pushing and pulling up the pressure pipe string 48 is generated by means of a plurality of multi-cylinder hydraulic piston-cylinder units 53. In the event of a cylinder failure, the remaining cylinders are able to continue drilling. The pistons act on a continuous pressure beam 54, which lowers on the gripper 49 over the respective stroke. The entire pressure and lifting device is designed on two levels, so that alternately one pressure system 46, 47 can be active. In FIG. 4, the pressure system 47 is currently in the process of pushing the pressure pipe string 48 down with its closed gripper 49, while the other 46 is moving up again with its open gripper 49 in order to then be ready for the next push cycle.

Für Druckrohrstränge mit grossem Druchmesser dient als zusätzliche Verstärkung das Verfahren der Vakuumstabilisierung, wobei jeweils nach Montage eines neuen Druckrohrelementes der obere öffnungsraum über eine Dichtung luftdicht und druckfest verschlossen und der Innenraum über Ventile in der Seitenwandung evakuiert wird.The process of vacuum stabilization is used as an additional reinforcement for pressure pipe strings with a large diameter, with the upper opening space being sealed airtight and pressure-tight after installation of a new pressure pipe element, and the interior being evacuated via valves in the side wall.

Das durch die Leitung 16 gepumpte Kühlwasser wird dunter hohem Druck durch die zu kühlenden Teile des Bohrkopfes geführt, sodass es stets in flüssiger Phase bleibt und so eine maximale Wärmemenge aufnehmen und abführen kann. Die Kühlwasseraustrittsventile öffnen, nachdem der zu kühlende Bereich durchlaufen und die optimale wärmeaufnahme erreicht ist, auf der Oberseite des Bohrkopfes, am Ende dessen Kühlzone, direkt in den Bohrlochfreiraum, das heisst zwischen Bohrlochwand und Druckrohrstrang. Der Kühlwasserdruck muss deutlich oberhalb des Drucks der sich im Bohrlch aufbauenden Wassersäule aus dem freiwerdenden Kühlwasser liegen, sodass die freiwerdende Energie des überhitzten Kühlwassers noch für motorische Kräfte genutzt werden kann. Im unteren Bereich des Druckrohrstranges, oberhalb des Schmelzbohrgerätes und zwischen Bohrlochwandung und dem Druckrohr sind zur Steuerung und Kurskorrektur des Schmelzbohrgerätes dampfdruckbetriebene, selbstschreitende Seitendruckgeber eingebaut, die über ein Gravitationspendel laser- und glasfasergesteuert sind. Die Dampfdruckversorgung erfolgt über Dampfaggregate, die im Schmelzbohrgerät angeordnet sind.The cooling water pumped through line 16 is passed under high pressure through the parts of the drill head to be cooled, so that it always remains in the liquid phase and can thus absorb and dissipate a maximum amount of heat. After the area to be cooled has passed and the optimum heat absorption has been reached, the cooling water outlet valves open on the top of the drill head, at the end of its cooling zone, directly into the borehole clearance, i.e. between the borehole wall and the pressure pipe string. The cooling water pressure must be significantly above the pressure of the water column building up in the borehole from the cooling water being released, so that the released energy of the overheated cooling water can still be used for motor forces. In the lower area of the pressure pipe string, above the melting drill and between the borehole wall and the pressure pipe, steam pressure-operated, self-advancing side pressure transmitters are installed for controlling and correcting the course of the melting drill. The steam pressure is supplied via steam units, which are arranged in the melting drilling rig.

Für die Rückführung eines übergewichtigen Druckrohrstranges 48 zu dessem Abbruch, das heisst, wenn das Eigengewicht des Druckrohrstranges 48 grösser wird als die Zugkräfte des Druckrohrmaterials, wird nach Erreichen des Bohrziels der im Bohrloch verbliebene Freiraum zwischen Druckrohrstrang 48 und Bohrloch gänzlich geflutet und der Druckrohrstrang unmittelbar über dem Schmelzbohrgerät so abgesprengt, das sich das untere Ende des Druckrohrstranges verschliesst und sich damit das Gewicht des zu hebenden Druckrohrstranges um den Eigenauftrieb, das heisst um das Gewicht des von Druckrohrstrang verdrängten Wassers, vermindert.For the return of an overweight pressure pipe string 48 to its demolition, that is, if the dead weight of the pressure pipe string 48 becomes greater than the tensile forces of the pressure pipe material, after the drilling target has been reached, the free space in the borehole between the pressure pipe string 48 and the borehole is completely flooded and the pressure pipe string immediately above blown off the melting drill so that the lower end of the pressure pipe string closes and thus the weight of the pressure pipe string to be lifted by the self-buoyancy, that is to say by the weight of the water displaced by the pressure pipe string, is reduced.

Figur 5 zeigt ein Versorgungskarussell 60, von dem die Versorgungsleitungen nach dem "Tube-Coil-System" abgewickelt werden können, das heisst, die Versorgungsleitungen sind dabei in gesamter Länge ohne bruchgefährdete Verbindungsstellen auf je einem solchen abspulbaren Versorgungskarussell deponiert, das gleichzeitig die benötigten Druck-, Kälte- oder Energieaggregate, sowie Speicherbehälter 61 beherbergt. Ein solches Versorgungskarussell 60 besteht aus einer starren, kreisrunden Plattform 62, die im Aussen- und Mittelbereich auf je einem kreisförmig angelegten Schienenstrang 63 läuft und zum Beispiel mittels eines Zahnrad-Antriebes über mehrere synchronlaufende Elektromotoren exakt steuerbar angetrieben wird. Auf dem inneren Bereich der kreisrunden Plattform 62 des Karussells sind sämtliche benötigten Aggregate wie zum Beispiel die Steuerzentrale, die Druckerzeuger sowie die Speicherbehälter 61 für das Versorgungkarussell 60 untergebracht. Das Versorgungskarussell 60 ist von einer Versorgungsstrasse 64 für Tankfahrzeuge 65 umgeben, sodass ein Betanken seiner Speicherbehälter 61 möglich ist, währenddem sich das Karussell 60 dreht. Das innere Leitungsende ist über eine Pumpstation am Speicherbehälter 61 angeschlossen, sodass die Leitung 10 kontinuierlich und auf einem konstanten Druck mit dem flüssigen Sauerstoff, Wasserstoff oder dem Kühlwasser versorgt wird. Im Aussenbereich der Plattform 62 ist wie in einem riesigen, nach aussen offenen Hochregal die Versorgungsleitung 10 in einem Depot in mehreren Lagen von mehrhundertfachen Wicklungen aufgerollt. Die einzelnen Lagen werden am äusseren Rand der Plattform 62 des Karussells 60 von hydraulisch regelbaren Lagenhaltern 66 gesichert, die jeweils nur die oberste Lage für die Abwicklung freigeben. Diese Lagenhalter 66 isolieren die Lagenwicklungen gegen aussen und werden bei der Abwicklung mittels hydraulischer Zylinder-Kolben-Einheiten 67 Lage um Lage eingefahren, sodass die Herausführung der "endlosen" Versorgungsleitung sauber und geordnet erfolgt. Die Wicklungen der Leitung 10 sind von einer gut isolierenden, dichten Abdeckung 69 überdeckt, die auch sicherstellt, dass keine Wasser zwischen die Wicklungen eindringt. Von dem entsprechend des Bohrfortschritts laufenden Versorgungskarussell 10 wird die abgewickelte ununterbrochene Leitung 10 über eine hydraulisch ausrichtbare Fördereinrichtung 68 mit Walzen in grossem Bogen zur Biegevorrichtung 55 am Installationsturm geführt. Die minimalen Biegeradien so zu wählen, dass sie innerhalb der Elastizitätsgrenzen der verwendeten Rohre bleiben, womit eine Knickbeschädigung der Zuleitungen vermieden wird. Für jede Versorgungsleitung ist ein gesondertes Karussell vorhanden, damit bei unterschiedlichen Leitungsdurchmessern keine Koordinationsprobleme infolge der unterschiedlichen Abwickelgeschwindigkeiten auftreten. Die Abwicklung von den einzelnen Karussells wird durch die mittels Regler gesteuerten Antriebsmotoren der Karussells synchronisiert, sodass alle Leitungen des gesamten Versorgungsstranges immer in gleichbleibender Geschwindigkeit gefördert werden.FIG. 5 shows a supply carousel 60, from which the supply lines can be handled according to the "tube coil system", that is to say the entire length of the supply lines is deposited on such a reusable supply carousel without break-prone connecting points, which at the same time has the required pressure -, Refrigeration or energy units, and storage tank 61 houses. Such a supply carousel 60 consists of a rigid, circular platform 62, which runs in the outer and middle area on a circular track 63 and is driven, for example, by means of a gear drive via a plurality of synchronously running electric motors in a precisely controllable manner. On the inner area of the circular platform 62 of the carousel, all the necessary units such as the control center, the pressure generators and the storage containers 61 for the supply carousel 60 are accommodated. The supply carousel 60 is surrounded by a supply line 64 for tanker vehicles 65, so that it is possible to refuel its storage containers 61 while the carousel 60 is rotating. The inner line end is connected to the storage container 61 via a pump station, so that the line 10 is continuously and at a constant pressure supplied with the liquid oxygen, hydrogen or the cooling water. Outside of platform 62 the supply line 10 is rolled up in a depot in several layers of windings several hundred times as in a huge, open-to-the-wall high rack. The individual layers are secured on the outer edge of the platform 62 of the carousel 60 by hydraulically adjustable layer holders 66, which each release only the uppermost layer for processing. These layer holders 66 insulate the layer windings from the outside and are retracted layer by layer during the unwinding by means of hydraulic cylinder / piston units 67, so that the "endless" supply line is led out cleanly and in an orderly manner. The windings of line 10 are covered by a well-insulating, tight cover 69, which also ensures that no water penetrates between the windings. From the supply carousel 10, which is running in accordance with the drilling progress, the uninterrupted line 10 is guided over a hydraulically alignable conveying device 68 with rollers in a large arc to the bending device 55 on the installation tower. Select the minimum bending radii so that they remain within the elastic limits of the pipes used, thus avoiding kink damage to the supply lines. There is a separate carousel for each supply line so that there are no coordination problems due to the different unwinding speeds with different line diameters. The processing of the individual carousels is synchronized by the drive motors of the carousels controlled by controllers, so that all lines of the entire supply chain are always promoted at a constant speed.

Claims (13)

  1. A process for assembling and propelling a high-pressure pipe string (48) for continuous fusion drilling for deep wells, in which the supply lines (10, 11, 16), measurement instrumentation wiring (17) and control wiring (18) are fed down continuously over the depth to be drilled, and in which, whilst the drill is being propelled, a pressure and tension resistant, tight, high-pressure pipe string (48) comprising a plurality of elements (1, 4) is assembled section by section around the supply lines (10, 11, 16), the measurement instrumentation wiring (17) and the control wiring (18), which is then propelled continuously forwards.
  2. The process of claim 1, characterized in that the supply lines (10, 11, 16), measurement instrumentation wiring (17) and control wiring (18) are fed in by means of unwinding from respective supply carrousels (60) on which the said lines (10, 11, 16) are wound continuously in the full length required.
  3. The process of one of the preceding claims, in which the high-pressure pipe string (48) is assembled by means of bonding with hot-curing industrial adhesives.
  4. The process of one of the preceding claims, in which the inside of the high-pressure pipe string (48) is sealed tight at the top section by section, and subsequently evacuated, to increase its stability.
  5. The process of one of the preceding claims, in which the high-pressure pipe string (48) is assembled around the supply lines (10, 11, 16), measurement instrumentation wiring (17) and control wiring (18) by means of computer-controlled assembly robots (50, 51).
  6. The process of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the propulsion of the high-pressure pipe string (48) is controlled in relation to its direction in that, in the lower portion of the high-pressure pipe string (48), above the fusion drilling device, between the wall of the boring and the high-pressure pipe, steam-powered lateral course-correction actuators respond to signals emitted by a gravity pendulum.
  7. The process of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the retrieval of the high-pressure pipe string (48) causes it to be severed as a result of the space remaining in the boring between the high-pressure pipe (48) and the boring is completely flooded, and the high-pressure pipe string (48) is thus severed directly above the fusion drilling device in such a way as to seal the lower end of the high-pressure pipe string (48), thereby reducing the weight of the high-pressure pipe (48) to be lifted by its own buoyancy, i.e. by the weight of the water displaced by the high-pressure pipe (48).
  8. Device for carrying out one of the processes of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that there are supply carrousels (60), on which the supply lines (10, 11, 16), measurement instrumentation wiring (17) and control wiring (18) can be wound, and which have a rotatably mounted and motor-drivable platform (62) for receiving the windings, and in that there is a multi-level assembly tower (40) in which are disposed, distributed over its levels (41-44), means (50, 51; 46, 47) for assembling the high-pressure pipe string (48) section by section, and for propelling it continually forwards.
  9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that there is a hydraulic jack system (46, 47) in the assembly tower (40), by means of which the high-pressure pipe string (48) can be propelled continually forwards in two cycles alternately.
  10. High-pressure pipe string for continuous fusion drilling for deep wells, whose inside (12-15) houses the supply lines (10, 11, 16), measurement instrumentation wiring (17) and control wiring (18) for the drilling system, characterized in that it comprises at least two shell-shaped elements (4) which together form a longitudinal segment of a pipe, and in that these elements have means (3, 5-7) for assembling them into a friction-type locking pipe which is smooth on the outside, tight, held in place by tensile and compressive forces, and in that there is at least one profile (1) as a further element to increase the stability of the high-pressure pipe string (48), which is intended to run along the inside of the high-pressure pipe string (48) and which can be connected in a friction-type locking with the other elements (4).
  11. High-pressure pipe string according to claim 10, characterized in that the means for assembling its elements (1, 4) into an outwardly smooth, tight, pipe held in place by tensile and compressive forces include bonding surfaces which can be bonded by means of hot-curing, industrial adhesives with high shear and tensile strengths.
  12. High-pressure pipe according to one of claims 10 to 11, characterized in that on the inside of the high-pressure pipe there are isolating mounts (9), intended to support, by frictional forces, the continuous lines (10, 11, 16, 17, 18) in the inner spaces (12-15) of the high-pressure pipe string (48).
  13. High-pressure pipe according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the elements (1, 4) of two sections are bonded and/or screwed together from the end sides by means of a stabilizing ring (34, 35) and a fastening sleeve (36, 37).
EP90906112A 1989-05-03 1990-05-03 High-pressure pipe string for continuous fusion drilling of deep wells, process and device for manufacturing, propelling and dismantling it Expired - Lifetime EP0426788B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3914617A DE3914617A1 (en) 1989-05-03 1989-05-03 DEVICES AND METHODS FOR THE WARRANTY OF CONTINUOUSLY PROCESSING MELT DRILLING PROCESSES FOR DEEP HOLES
DE3914617 1989-05-03
PCT/CH1990/000123 WO1990013729A1 (en) 1989-05-03 1990-05-03 High-pressure pipe string for continuous fusion drilling of deep wells, process and device for manufacturing, propelling and dismantling it

Publications (2)

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EP0426788A1 EP0426788A1 (en) 1991-05-15
EP0426788B1 true EP0426788B1 (en) 1996-06-26

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US (1) US5148874A (en)
EP (1) EP0426788B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH04502044A (en)
KR (1) KR910005457B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE139822T1 (en)
AU (1) AU648504B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9006753A (en)
CA (1) CA2033068A1 (en)
DE (2) DE3914617A1 (en)
FI (1) FI95617C (en)
HU (1) HU205787B (en)
WO (1) WO1990013729A1 (en)

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DE3914617A1 (en) 1990-11-08
KR910005457B1 (en) 1991-07-29
HU903468D0 (en) 1991-12-30
WO1990013729A1 (en) 1990-11-15
FI95617C (en) 1996-02-26
HUT58119A (en) 1992-01-28
KR920701605A (en) 1992-08-12
DE59010390D1 (en) 1996-08-01
JPH04502044A (en) 1992-04-09
HU205787B (en) 1992-06-29
FI906397A0 (en) 1990-12-27
AU5442390A (en) 1990-11-29
CA2033068A1 (en) 1990-11-04
US5148874A (en) 1992-09-22
EP0426788A1 (en) 1991-05-15
BR9006753A (en) 1991-08-06
ATE139822T1 (en) 1996-07-15
AU648504B2 (en) 1994-04-28
FI95617B (en) 1995-11-15

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