EP0425620B1 - Process and device for smelting metals in cupola furnaces run without coke - Google Patents
Process and device for smelting metals in cupola furnaces run without coke Download PDFInfo
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- EP0425620B1 EP0425620B1 EP90906860A EP90906860A EP0425620B1 EP 0425620 B1 EP0425620 B1 EP 0425620B1 EP 90906860 A EP90906860 A EP 90906860A EP 90906860 A EP90906860 A EP 90906860A EP 0425620 B1 EP0425620 B1 EP 0425620B1
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- grate
- furnace
- burners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/02—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in low shaft furnaces or shaft furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/08—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces heated otherwise than by solid fuel mixed with charge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S266/00—Metallurgical apparatus
- Y10S266/90—Metal melting furnaces, e.g. cupola type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for melting metals, in particular cast iron, in the coke-free cupola and a device for carrying out the method, the cup-free cupola having a vertically standing housing which is lined on the inside with a lining made of refractory material, in the lower Part contains a grate, which is provided with a bed of loosely packed refractory bodies, and in which the burners are arranged below the grate at a distance from the grate.
- FR-A-1 226 487 and DE-C-23 29 772 describe processes for exclusively coke-fired cupola furnaces, according to which, on the one hand, quality improvements and, on the other hand, the desired quality standards are maintained by: means in the area of the furnace where the metal melts and flows off the glowing coke, certain substances are injected.
- the above-mentioned DE-C-23 29 772 describes a process for refining, embroidering and carburizing or decarburizing, the use of which allows defined casting qualities to be melted from heterogeneous starting materials by corrective additives in the form of chemical substances.
- Such additives serve as other nitrogen and / or halogen-releasing compounds in liquid or gaseous form, and also, in the case of a desired carburization, compounds from the distillation of products of vegetable origin and, in the case of a desired decarburization, those compounds which release oxygen at the melting temperature.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a method for melting metals in a cupola furnace operated without coke and an apparatus for carrying out the method, in the use of which a constant melting product and constant quality standards of the product, in particular a uniform crystal structure and a defined one Graphite formation can be achieved.
- the temperature of the collected melt in the coke-free cupola is about 200 ° C lower than in the coke-fired cupola. This means that the higher temperature favoring the chemical reactions is not available in the coke-free cupola.
- the cupola oven operated without a coke is compared to the known one
- the process on the coke-fired cupola furnace requires about half the amount of additional substances per ton of metal, for example with 1 to 2 liters per ton.
- the substances to be added can be used, for example, for refining and / or germ enrichment.
- Such substances can be the same as those disclosed in DE-C-23 29 772 described above, in particular Nitrogen-releasing compounds, for example hydrogen compounds of nitrogen, such as ammonia or hydrazine or their derivatives, and also organic nitro compounds, such as nitrobenzene; Halogen releasing compounds such as methyl chloride, chlorobenzene or fluorobenzene; Halogen and nitrogen releasing compounds as monochlorinated and nitrated organic compounds.
- Nitrogen-releasing compounds for example hydrogen compounds of nitrogen, such as ammonia or hydrazine or their derivatives, and also organic nitro compounds, such as nitrobenzene; Halogen releasing compounds such as methyl chloride, chlorobenzene or fluorobenzene; Halogen and nitrogen releasing compounds as monochlorinated and nitrated organic compounds.
- Suitable solvents are, for example, cyclohexane, toluene or xylene, and also chlorinated solvents which release chlorine at the melting temperature.
- a gray cast iron with reduced sensitivity to wall thickness and pearlitic microstructure and with a predominant type A graphite formation is obtained in a reliable manner.
- a device for performing the method according to the invention is specified in claim 9 and shown schematically in the drawing.
- the cupola furnace 1 has a vertical, cylindrical housing 2, which is lined on the inside with a lining 3 made of refractory material.
- a lining 3 made of refractory material.
- the grate 4 on which a bed 5 of refractory bodies is packed. Above this bed 5, the cupola furnace 1 is charged with the material to be melted.
- the foot end of the cupola furnace 1 is designed as a collecting space 8 for the melt.
- a siphon 9 on the side leads with a riser pipe 10 to the trough 11; a downpipe 12 leads to the slag discharge 13.
- the burners 7 with their flame guides 6 are arranged in a radial plane at a clear distance below the grate 4 (for example of approximately 90 cm for a given furnace diameter of 130 cm). Several burners 7 are required for good and uniform heating. The number of burners 7 depends on the furnace diameter. The burners 7 are evenly distributed over the furnace circumference.
- at least one lance 15 is inserted into the space between the grate 4 and the burners 7 through a guide 14 in the furnace wall. The lance 15 is used to inject the quality-improving substances. The tip of the lance is flush with the inner wall of the furnace.
- a lance 15 is preferably directed obliquely downwards, and its mouth is designed such that the emerging jet is directed upwards against the grate 4.
- the preferably obliquely downward position of the lance 15 is to be selected if the lance 15 is provided with water cooling in such a way that between the jacket of the lance 15 and an injection tube for the substances to be added, which is guided centrally through the lance 15 lower end open pipe for the supply of coolant is arranged.
- the cooling liquid is introduced under pressure into the jacket of the lance 15 and pressed out again at the upper end of the lance 15.
- injection nozzles can also be provided, the number of which also depends on the furnace diameter.
- the individual burners 7 are kept constantly at the same output by means of a computer control for the air and fuel supply.
- coke-free cupolas of known construction can be used after appropriate conversion.
- the furnace (culvert) disclosed in the above-mentioned DE-A-32 21 241 has proven to be particularly suitable.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Schmelzen von Metallen, insbesondere von Gußeisen, im kokslos betriebenen Kupolofen und eine Vorrichtung zur Ausübung des Verfahrens, wobei der kokslos betriebene Kupolofen ein vertikal stehendes Gehäuse aufweist, das innen mit einem Futter aus feuerfestem Material ausgekleidet ist, im unteren Teil einen Rost enthält, der mit einem Bett von lose gepackten feuerfesten Körpern versehen ist, und bei dem unterhalb des Rostes mit einem Abstand vom Rost die Brenner angeordnet sind.The invention relates to a method for melting metals, in particular cast iron, in the coke-free cupola and a device for carrying out the method, the cup-free cupola having a vertically standing housing which is lined on the inside with a lining made of refractory material, in the lower Part contains a grate, which is provided with a bed of loosely packed refractory bodies, and in which the burners are arranged below the grate at a distance from the grate.
Kokslos betriebene Kupolöfen zum Schmelzen von Metallen sind seit Jahrzehnten bekannt (DE-B-11 02 977; DE-B-12 43 826; "Gießerei", Band 74, Nr. 17, 17. August 1987, Seiten 493 bis 497), wobei die zur Schmelze erforderliche Energie vornehmlich mit Hilfe gasförmiger oder flüssiger Energieträger erzeugt wird. Dies hat gegenüber der Koksbefeuerung von Kupolöfen zahlreiche Vorteile.Coke-free cupolas for melting metals have been known for decades (DE-B-11 02 977; DE-B-12 43 826; "Gießerei", Volume 74, No. 17, August 17, 1987, pages 493 to 497), the energy required for the melt being generated primarily with the aid of gaseous or liquid energy sources. This has numerous advantages over the coke firing of cupola furnaces.
Durch den Wegfall von Füll- und Satzkoks erhält man eine bessere Ofenfüllung und eine wesentlich erleichterte Schlackenarbeit. Die Temperaturregulierung im Ofen kann einfacher, d.h. schneller und genauer erfolgen. Entstaubung und Reinigung der Abgase, die bei koksbefeuerten Öfen einen großen apparativen und betriebstechnischen Aufwand erfordern, sind auf ein geringes Ausmaß reduziert. Die Schwierigkeiten, die beim koksbefeuerten Ofen durch den Schwefelgehalt des Kokses auftreten, bestehen nicht. Ferner ist der wärmetechnische Wirkungsgrad, welcher bei koksbefeuerten Kupolöfen etwa 30 % beträgt, mit bis zu 70 bis 75 % bedeutend wirtschaftlicher.The omission of filling and batch coke results in better furnace filling and much easier slag work. Temperature regulation in the furnace can be carried out more easily, ie faster and more precisely. Dust removal and cleaning of the exhaust gases, which are a large apparatus and device in coke-fired ovens Operational effort required are reduced to a small extent. The difficulties that arise in the coke-fired furnace due to the sulfur content of the coke do not exist. Furthermore, the thermal efficiency, which is about 30% in coke-fired cupola furnaces, is significantly more economical with up to 70 to 75%.
Obwohl Verfahren zum kokslosen Schmelzen seit langem zum Stand der Technik gehören und wegen des ständig steigenden Umweltbewußtseins, der diesbezüglich immer strengeren Auflagen und ferner aus Gründen einer rationellen Produktion bevorzugt angewendet werden sollten, konnten sie bisher nicht so weit entwickelt werden, daß sie den heute üblichen Anforderungen an Gießereiprodukte in jeder Hinsicht genügen. Befriedigende Ergebnisse hinsichtlich reproduzierbarer und konstanter Qualitätsmerkmale des Schmelzproduktes ließen sich bisher nicht erzielen.Although processes for coke-free melting have long been state of the art and, because of the ever increasing environmental awareness, the increasingly strict requirements in this regard and also because of rational production, they should preferably be used so far that they have not been able to be developed so far that they are common today The requirements for foundry products are sufficient in every respect. So far, satisfactory results regarding reproducible and constant quality characteristics of the melt product have not been achieved.
Eine Verbesserung der Verfahrenstechnik bzw. eine Beseitigung der bekannten Nachteile der kokslos betriebenen Kupolöfen wurde bisher nur im apparativen Bereich gesucht, so z.B. mittels nachgeschalteter Induktionsrinnenöfen (DE-A-32 21 241) oder durch eine Erweiterung des Ofenherdes mit Abschrägung zur Vergrößerung der Abstrahlfläche (DE-B-37 42 349) oder durch Führung des Heizgases durch Leitungen, die in erhitzten Teilen der Ofenauskleidung verlegt sind (DE-B-15 83 279).Up to now, an improvement of the process engineering or an elimination of the known disadvantages of the coke-free cupola furnaces has only been sought in the apparatus area, e.g. by means of downstream induction trough furnaces (DE-A-32 21 241) or by expanding the furnace range with a bevel to increase the radiation area (DE-B-37 42 349) or by guiding the heating gas through lines that are laid in heated parts of the furnace lining ( DE-B-15 83 279).
Die bekannten Anstrengungen mit dem Ziele der Verfahrens- und Produktoptimierung führten letztlich nur zu apparativen Maßnahmen mit dem Ergebnis einer verbesserten Energieausnutzung der Brennstoffe, aber nicht zum Sicherstellen eines konstanten Schmelzproduktes mit gleichbleibenden Qualitätsmerkmalen. Insbesondere erreichte man weder eine gleichmäßige Graphitausbildung, vorzugsweise als A-Graphit, noch ein homogenes Metallgefüge.The known efforts with the aim of process and product optimization ultimately only led to equipment measures with the result of improved energy utilization of the fuels, however not to ensure a constant melting product with constant quality characteristics. In particular, neither a uniform graphite formation, preferably as A-graphite, nor a homogeneous metal structure was achieved.
Die oben angeführten Beispiele zum Stand der Technik zeigen ein lebhaftes Bemühen, jedoch wurde nie versucht, die bestehenden Probleme durch verfahrensmäßige Änderungen zu lösen, etwa dadurch, daß man die Schmelze unmittelbar und frühzeitig mit Mitteln behandelt, die im Kupolofen selbst während der Verflüssigungsvorgänge und vor dem Abstich bzw. vor der Ansammlung des geschmolzenen Materials im Ofenherd verwendet werden. Derartige qualitätsfördernde Maßnahmen gehören beim koksbefeuerten Kupolofen, bei dem allerdings sowohl in betriebstechnischer als auch in chemischer und metallurgischer Hinsicht gänzlich andere Verhältnisse vorliegen, zum Stand der Technik.The above prior art examples show a vigorous effort, but no attempt has ever been made to solve the existing problems by procedural changes, for example by treating the melt immediately and early with agents that are used in the cupola furnace itself during the liquefaction processes and before the racking or before the molten material accumulates in the oven. Such quality-enhancing measures belong to the state of the art in the coke-fired cupola furnace, in which, however, there are completely different conditions in terms of operational technology as well as in chemical and metallurgical terms.
So sind in FR-A-1 226 487 und DE-C-23 29 772 Verfahren für ausschließlich koksbefeuerte Kupolöfen beschrieben, nach denen einerseits Qualitätsverbesserungen und andererseits die Konstanthaltung gewünschter Qualitätsstandards dadurch erreicht werden, daß man in den Kupolofen im Bereich der Schmelzzone, das heißt in dem Ofenbereich, in dem das Metall am glühenden Koks schmilzt und abfließt, bestimmte Substanzen injiziert. Diesbezüglich ist in der oben angeführten DE-C-23 29 772 ein Verfahren zum Raffinieren, zum Aufsticken sowie zum Aufkohlen oder Entkohlen beschrieben, bei dessen Anwendung sich aus heterogenen Ausgangsmaterialien durch korrigierende Zusätze in Form von chemischen Substanzen definierte Gußqualitäten erschmelzen lassen. Als derartige Zusätze dienen unter anderem Stickstoff und/oder Halogen freisetzende Verbindungen in flüssiger oder gasförmiger Form, und außerdem im Falle eines gewünschten Aufkohlens Verbindungen aus der Destillation von Produkten vegetabilischen Ursprungs und im Falle eines gewünschten Entkohlens solche Verbindungen, die bei Schmelztemperatur Sauerstoff freisetzen.For example, FR-A-1 226 487 and DE-C-23 29 772 describe processes for exclusively coke-fired cupola furnaces, according to which, on the one hand, quality improvements and, on the other hand, the desired quality standards are maintained by: means in the area of the furnace where the metal melts and flows off the glowing coke, certain substances are injected. In this regard, the above-mentioned DE-C-23 29 772 describes a process for refining, embroidering and carburizing or decarburizing, the use of which allows defined casting qualities to be melted from heterogeneous starting materials by corrective additives in the form of chemical substances. Such additives serve as other nitrogen and / or halogen-releasing compounds in liquid or gaseous form, and also, in the case of a desired carburization, compounds from the distillation of products of vegetable origin and, in the case of a desired decarburization, those compounds which release oxygen at the melting temperature.
Demgegenüber wurde jedoch nie erwogen, eine derartige Verfahrensweise auch beim kokslos betriebenen Kupolofen zu nutzen. Einer solchen Überlegung stand nämlich unter anderem die Vorstellung entgegen, daß die Schmelzzone, die ja nur oberhalb des auf dem Rost liegenden Bettes aus feuerfesten Körpern liegt, in ihrer Höhe (etwa 16 cm) viel zu gering sei, als daß die zugesetzten Substanzen ihre Wirkung entfalten könnten. Bei den bekannten Verfahren wurde immer hervorgehoben, daß die zugesetzten Substanzen in der am glühenden Koks abfließenden Schmelze, also sofort bei der Verflüssigung des Metalls, zur Reaktion kommen müssen.In contrast, however, it was never considered to use such a procedure also with the coke-free cupola. Such a consideration was opposed, among other things, by the idea that the melting zone, which is only above the bed of refractory bodies lying on the grate, was much too low in height (about 16 cm) for the added substances to have any effect could unfold. In the known processes, it has always been emphasized that the added substances must react in the melt flowing away on the glowing coke, that is to say immediately when the metal is liquefied.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Schmelzen von Metallen in einem kokslos betriebenen Kupolofen und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei deren Anwendung ein konstantes Schmelzprodukt und gleichbleibende Qualitätsstandards des Erzeugnisses, insbesondere ein gleichmäßiges Kristallgefüge und eine definierte Graphitausbildung erreicht werden.The present invention has for its object to provide a method for melting metals in a cupola furnace operated without coke and an apparatus for carrying out the method, in the use of which a constant melting product and constant quality standards of the product, in particular a uniform crystal structure and a defined one Graphite formation can be achieved.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe hinsichtlich des Verfahrens gemäß der kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 und hinsichtlich der Vorrichtung gemäß der kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 9.This object is achieved with regard to the method according to the characterizing features of
Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, daß man bei kokslos betriebenen Kupolöfen dann zu hervorragenden Ergebnissen kommt, wenn man - im Gegensatz zu dem beim koksbefeuerten Kupolofen bekannten Verfahren - die Substanzen nicht in die Schmelzzone, sondern in den zwischen den Brennern und dem mit dem Bett aus feuerfesten Körpern versehenen Rost gelegenen Raum injiziert. Diese Injektion kann mittels Lanzen oder Düsen erfolgen. Im allgemeinen beginnt man den Schmelzprozeß unter Beachtung aller beim konventionellen Schmelzen üblichen Bedingungen und führt gleichzeitig die vorgesehenen Substanzen zu.Surprisingly, it was found that with coke-free cupola furnaces, excellent results are obtained if - in contrast to the process known for coke-fired cupola furnaces - the substances are not in the melting zone, but in those between the burners and the bed made of refractory bodies provided rust injected space. This injection can take place by means of lances or nozzles. In general, the melting process is started taking into account all the conditions customary in conventional melting, and at the same time the substances provided are added.
Es konnte nicht erwartet werden, daß bei der kurzen Einwirkungszeit der Substanzen auf die vom Rost herabfallenden Schmelztropfen gleiche Ergebnisse möglich sein könnten wie bei der nach dem Stand der Technik üblichen Zuführung der Substanzen in die am glühenden Koks abfließende Schmelze. Auch wegen der Oberflächenspannung der freifallenden Tropfen war man gehindert, zu vermuten, daß die gemäß der Erfindung erteilte Lehre zum Erfolg führen könnte.It could not be expected that, given the short exposure time of the substances to the droplets of melt falling from the grate, the same results could be possible as in the case of the prior art supply of the substances into the melt flowing away from the red-hot coke. Also because of the surface tension of the free-falling drops one was prevented from presuming that the teaching according to the invention could lead to success.
Hinzu kommt, daß die Temperatur der gesammelten Schmelze beim kokslos betriebenen Kupolofen etwa um 200 °C niedriger ist als beim koksbefeuerten Kupolofen. Dies bedeutet, daß die die chemischen Reaktionen begünstigende höhere Temperatur beim kokslosen Kupolofen nicht zur Verfügung steht.In addition, the temperature of the collected melt in the coke-free cupola is about 200 ° C lower than in the coke-fired cupola. This means that the higher temperature favoring the chemical reactions is not available in the coke-free cupola.
Überraschend ist auch, daß man gemäß der Erfindung beim kokslos betriebenen Kupolofen gegenüber dem bekannten Verfahren am koksbefeuerten Kupolofen mit etwa der halben Menge an Zusatzsubstanzen pro Tonne Metall auskommt, z.B. mit 1 bis 2 Liter pro Tonne.It is also surprising that, according to the invention, the cupola oven operated without a coke is compared to the known one The process on the coke-fired cupola furnace requires about half the amount of additional substances per ton of metal, for example with 1 to 2 liters per ton.
Die zuzusetzende Substanzen können beispielsweise zur Raffinierung und/oder Keimanreicherung dienen. Solche Substanzen können dieselben sein, wie sie in der oben beschriebenen DE-C-23 29 772 offenbart sind, und zwar insbesondere
Stickstoff freisetzende Verbindungen, z.B. Wasserstoffverbindungen des Stickstoffs, wie Ammoniak oder Hydrazin bzw. deren Derivate, ferner organische Nitroverbindungen, wie Nitrobenzol;
Halogen freisetzende Verbindungen, wie Methylchlorid, Chlorbenzol oder Fluorbenzol;
Halogen und Stickstoff freisetzende Verbindungen als monochlorierte und nitrierte organische Verbindungen.The substances to be added can be used, for example, for refining and / or germ enrichment. Such substances can be the same as those disclosed in DE-C-23 29 772 described above, in particular
Nitrogen-releasing compounds, for example hydrogen compounds of nitrogen, such as ammonia or hydrazine or their derivatives, and also organic nitro compounds, such as nitrobenzene;
Halogen releasing compounds such as methyl chloride, chlorobenzene or fluorobenzene;
Halogen and nitrogen releasing compounds as monochlorinated and nitrated organic compounds.
In vorteilhafter Weise werden von den genannten Substanzen solche, die bei Hitzeeinwirkung zur Verkokung neigen, als Lösung, und zwar in einem die Verkokung verhindernden Lösungsmittel, injiziert. Geeignete Lösungsmittel sind beispielsweise Cyclohexan, Toluol oder Xylol, ferner chlorierte Lösungsmittel, die bei Schmelztemperatur Chlor freisetzen.Advantageously, of the substances mentioned, those which tend to coke when exposed to heat are injected as a solution, namely in a solvent which prevents coking. Suitable solvents are, for example, cyclohexane, toluene or xylene, and also chlorinated solvents which release chlorine at the melting temperature.
Erfindungsgemäß gewinnt man beispielsweise in zuverlässiger Weise einen Grauguß verringerter Wanddickenempfindlichkeit und perlitischer Gefügeausbildung und mit einer überwiegenden Graphitausbildung vom Typ A.According to the invention, for example, a gray cast iron with reduced sensitivity to wall thickness and pearlitic microstructure and with a predominant type A graphite formation is obtained in a reliable manner.
Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß der Erfindung ist im Patentanspruch 9 angegeben und in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt.A device for performing the method according to the invention is specified in
Der Kupolofen 1 hat ein vertikal stehendes, zylindrisches Gehäuse 2, das innen mit einem Futter 3 aus feuerfestem Material ausgekleidet ist. Im unteren Teil des Kupolofens 1 befindet sich der Rost 4, auf dem ein Bett 5 aus feuerfesten Körpern gepackt ist. Oberhalb dieses Bettes 5 wird der Kupolofen 1 mit dem zu schmelzenden Material beschickt.The
Das Fußende des Kupolofens 1 ist als Sammelraum 8 für die Schmelze ausgebildet. Ein seitlich angesetzter Syphon 9 führt mit einem Steigrohr 10 zur Abflußrinne 11; ein Fallrohr 12 führt zum Schlackenabzug 13.The foot end of the
In deutlichem Abstand unterhalb des Rostes 4 (z.B. von etwa 90 cm bei einem gegebenen Ofendurchmesser von 130 cm) sind in einer radialen Ebene die Brenner 7 mit ihren Flammenführungen 6 angeordnet. Für eine gute und gleichmäßige Beheizung sind mehrere Brenner 7 erforderlich. Die Anzahl der Brenner 7 richtet sich nach dem Ofendurchmesser. Die Brenner 7 sind gleichmäßig über den Ofenumfang verteilt. Erfindungsgemäß ist in den Raum zwischen dem Rost 4 und den Brennern 7 wenigstens eine Lanze 15 durch eine Führung 14 in der Ofenwand eingeführt. Die Lanze 15 dient zur Injektion der qualitätsverbessernden Substanzen. Die Lanzenspitze schließt mit der Innenwand des Ofens ab. Eine Lanze 15 ist vorzugsweise schräg nach unten gerichtet, und ihre Mündung ist so ausgebildet, daß der austretende Strahl nach oben gegen den Rost 4 gerichtet ist.The
Die bevorzugt schräg nach unten gerichtete Stellung der Lanze 15 ist dann zu wählen, wenn die Lanze 15 mit einer Wasserkühlung in der Art versehen ist, daß zwischen dem Mantel der Lanze 15 und einem zentral durch die Lanze 15 geführten Injektionsrohr für die zuzusetzenden Substanzen ein am unteren Ende offenes Rohr für die Zuleitung von Kühlflüssigkeit angeordnet ist. Die Kühlflüssigkeit wird unter Druck in den Mantel der Lanze 15 eingeleitet und am oberen Ende der Lanze 15 wieder herausgedrückt.The preferably obliquely downward position of the
Anstelle von Lanzen 15 können auch Injektionsdüsen vorgesehen sein, deren Anzahl sich ebenfalls nach dem Ofendurchmesser richtet.Instead of
Um einen gleichmäßig verteilten Heizgasstrom zwischen der Ebene der Brenner 7 und dem Rost 4 zu gewährleisten, werden die einzelnen Brenner 7 mittels einer Computersteuerung für die Luft- und Brennstoffzuleitung ständig auf gleicher Leistung gehalten.In order to ensure an evenly distributed heating gas flow between the level of the
Für die Durchführung der Erfindung können kokslos arbeitende Kupolöfen bekannter Konstruktion nach entsprechender Umrüstung verwendet werden. Als besonders geeignet hat sich der in der oben erwähnten DE-A-32 21 241 offenbarte Ofen (Düker) erwiesen.For the implementation of the invention, coke-free cupolas of known construction can be used after appropriate conversion. The furnace (culvert) disclosed in the above-mentioned DE-A-32 21 241 has proven to be particularly suitable.
Claims (12)
- Process for melting of metals, especially of cast iron, in a cokeless operated cupola furnace in which a bed of refractory bodies is packed on a grate (4) and burners (7) are arranged beneath the grate (4) at a distance therefrom, characterized in that into the space between the grate (4) and the burners (7) substances are injected which improve and stabilize the quality of the cast product.
- Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the melting process is started in observance of all conditions usual in conventional melting and simultaneously the substances provided for are injected, for example by means of lances (15) or nozzles.
- Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that substances are injected which effect refining and/or nucleus enrichment.
- Process according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that nitrogen-releasing compounds, for example hydrogen compounds of nitrogen such as ammonia or hydrazine or their derivatives, or organic nitro compounds, especially nitrobenzene, are injected.
- Process according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that halogen-releasing compounds, for example methyl chloride, chlorobenzene, fluorobenzene, are injected.
- Process according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that nitrogen- and halogen-releasing compounds, for example monochlorinated and nitrated organic compounds, are injected.
- Process according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the substances are injected being dissolved in a solvent that prevents their coking.
- Process according to claim 7, characterized in that as coking-preventing solvents cyclohexane, toluene, xylene or chlorinated compounds, which release chlorine at the melt temperature, are used.
- Device for carrying out the process according to one of claims 1 to 8, consisting of a cokeless operated cupola furnace (1) with a vertically upright casing (2), which is lined inside with a lining (3) of refractory material, whereby in the lower part of the furnace (1) a grate (4) with a bed (5) of loosely packed refractory bodies is arranged, and burners (7) are arranged beneath the grate (4) at a distance therefrom, characterized in that between the grate (4) and the burners (7) at least one lance (15) is introduced through a guideway (14) in the furnace wall, whereby the number of lances (15) depends on the diameter of the furnace (1).
- Device according to claim 9, characterized in that each lance (15) is directed obliquely downwards and its mouth is so shaped that the emerging jet is directed upwards.
- Device according to claim 9, characterized in that in place of lances (15) nozzles are provided for, whose number depends on the diameter of the furnace (1).
- Device according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized by a computer control system for the air and fuel supply to the burners (7) to stabilize the output of the burners (7).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3916503 | 1989-05-20 | ||
| DE3916503A DE3916503C1 (en) | 1989-05-20 | 1989-05-20 | |
| PCT/DE1990/000344 WO1990014568A1 (en) | 1989-05-20 | 1990-05-11 | Process and device for smelting metals in cupola furnaces run without coke |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0425620A1 EP0425620A1 (en) | 1991-05-08 |
| EP0425620B1 true EP0425620B1 (en) | 1994-09-21 |
Family
ID=6381078
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90906860A Expired - Lifetime EP0425620B1 (en) | 1989-05-20 | 1990-05-11 | Process and device for smelting metals in cupola furnaces run without coke |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5224985A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0425620B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04500098A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE112044T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3916503C1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2060160T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990014568A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4104507C2 (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1997-08-07 | Elsner Emil Dr Ing | Method and device for processing waste materials, in particular domestic waste, into a combustible gas mixture, metals and slag |
| US5690888A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-11-25 | Molten Metal Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for tapping a reactor containing a molten fluid |
| US6221123B1 (en) | 1998-01-22 | 2001-04-24 | Donsco Incorporated | Process and apparatus for melting metal |
| CN101625194B (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2011-01-26 | 周克华 | Shaft furnace with grate |
| CN102679350B (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2016-06-01 | 王林海 | A kind of method of combustion gas for furnace cupola and oxygen mix burning and furnace cupola |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1102977B (en) * | 1956-07-31 | 1961-03-23 | Zsigmond De Galocsy | Process for operating a shaft furnace intended for scrap remelting with one or more burners installed in the lower part of the furnace and a furnace for carrying out this process |
| FR1226487A (en) * | 1959-01-28 | 1960-07-13 | Cast iron production process | |
| CH370878A (en) * | 1960-04-08 | 1963-07-31 | Conduites Ste Indle | Continuous metallurgical melting furnace |
| US3424573A (en) * | 1964-11-02 | 1969-01-28 | Rocco Catoggio De Villiers | Process for combined oxygen iron refining and producing of ferrous melts |
| NL6710812A (en) * | 1966-08-06 | 1968-02-07 | ||
| ZA72390B (en) * | 1971-02-01 | 1972-09-27 | Hayes Shell Cast Ltd | Metal-melting furnaces |
| FR2187919B1 (en) * | 1972-06-15 | 1974-10-25 | Bonvarite | |
| JPS5835193B2 (en) * | 1974-08-30 | 1983-08-01 | 丸善石油株式会社 | 3.4- Methylenedioxystyrene |
| JPS52126603A (en) * | 1976-04-16 | 1977-10-24 | Kubota Ltd | Improved gas cupola |
| DE3221241A1 (en) * | 1982-06-04 | 1983-12-08 | Eisenwerke Fried. Wilh. Düker GmbH & Co, 8782 Karlstadt | Process and apparatus for producing metal ready for casting |
| DE3321241A1 (en) * | 1983-06-11 | 1984-12-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | AGGREGATE FOR PROCESSING FUEL FROM A STORAGE TANK FOR THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, ESPECIALLY A MOTOR VEHICLE |
| JPS6246186A (en) * | 1985-08-23 | 1987-02-28 | 株式会社 環境総研コンサルタント | Method of adjusting ambient temperature of lowermost step shelf of preheating tower for melting furnace |
| SU1310773A1 (en) * | 1986-02-10 | 1987-05-15 | Кузнецкий металлургический комбинат им.В.И.Ленина | System for automatic optimizing |
| DE3733999A1 (en) * | 1987-09-17 | 1989-03-30 | Robert Doat | Blowing coal dust into a cupola furnace |
| DE3742349C1 (en) * | 1987-12-14 | 1988-12-08 | Korf Engineering Gmbh | Process for melting scrap metal and device for carrying out the process |
-
1989
- 1989-05-20 DE DE3916503A patent/DE3916503C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-05-11 US US07/646,608 patent/US5224985A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-11 ES ES90906860T patent/ES2060160T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-11 WO PCT/DE1990/000344 patent/WO1990014568A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-05-11 JP JP2507151A patent/JPH04500098A/en active Pending
- 1990-05-11 DE DE59007237T patent/DE59007237D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-11 EP EP90906860A patent/EP0425620B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-11 AT AT90906860T patent/ATE112044T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE112044T1 (en) | 1994-10-15 |
| ES2060160T3 (en) | 1994-11-16 |
| US5224985A (en) | 1993-07-06 |
| DE3916503C1 (en) | 1990-12-13 |
| EP0425620A1 (en) | 1991-05-08 |
| WO1990014568A1 (en) | 1990-11-29 |
| JPH04500098A (en) | 1992-01-09 |
| DE59007237D1 (en) | 1994-10-27 |
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