CN101625194B

CN101625194B - Shaft furnace with grate

Info

Publication number: CN101625194B
Application number: CN2008100538057A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周克华
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-07-10
Filing date: 2008-07-10
Publication date: 2011-01-26
Anticipated expiration: 2028-07-10
Also published as: CN101625194A

Abstract

The invention relates to a shaft furnace with a grate, which consists of a gas collecting chamber, a preheating chamber and a combustion chamber, wherein the gas collecting chamber is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the preheating chamber, the combustion chamber is fixedly arranged on the lower part of the preheating chamber, the upper part of the gas collecting chamber is provided with an exhaust port, the side wall of the gas collecting chamber is provided with a feed inlet, the inner wall of the preheating chamber is fixedly provided with an insulating layer, the side wall of the combustion chamber is fixedly provided with a combustion nozzle, the side wall of the combustion chamber below the combustion nozzle is provided with a slag hole and a molten iron outlet, and the lower part of the preheating chamber is horizontally and fixedly provided with the grate which has a hollow pipe structure. The shaft furnace has the advantages of simple overall structure, scientific and reasonable design, small overall device volume, good heat preservation performance, high clinkering efficiency, energy conservation, environmental protection and low clinkering cost, and is the high innovative shaft furnace with the grate.

Description

The shaft furnace that has fire grate

Technical field

The invention belongs to the shaft furnace in the technical field of metallurgical equipment, especially a kind of shaft furnace that has fire grate.

Background technology

China is the country that the world uses shaft furnace ironmaking the earliest, and Ancient Times in China is smelted the pig iron and mainly used shaft furnace, and the ironmaking shaft furnace grows up from the copper metallurgy shaft furnace.Shaft furnace ironmaking is a kind of economy and effective iron smelting method, the top charging of shaft furnace, the bottom air blast, thereby form the relative motion that furnace charge descends and coal gas rises, the coal gas of high temperature that burning produces rises and passes the bed of material, heat is passed to furnace charge, and wherein contained carbon monoxide plays reduction to iron oxide simultaneously in the coal gas of high temperature.Ran Shao heat energy and chemical energy obtain utilizing more fully simultaneously like this, and the furnace charge of lower floor is reduced gradually so that dissolve, and the furnace charge on upper strata just descends slowly from furnace roof, and furnace charge is preheated and can reaches higher temperature.Though present shaft furnace can reach the purpose of smelting primary ore, still there are the following problems at smelting scrap iron slag and primary ore: (1). shaft furnace and supporting heat-exchange apparatus bulky, and occupied ground is many; (2). the furnace insulation poor performance of warm-up phase, heat scatters and disappears fast, causes thermal waste; (3). the combustion chamber programming rate is slow, and slag efficient is low; (4). when smelting scrap iron slag is reinforced, extinguish the blaze easily, cause igniting again, reduce and smelt efficient; (5). cost of raw material height.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of simple in structure, design science is reasonable, and the integral device volume is little, good heat insulating, and programming rate is fast, slag efficient height, energy-conserving and environment-protective and the lower-cost shaft furnace that has fire grate of refining slag.

The present invention solves its technical problem and is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A kind of shaft furnace that has fire grate, constitute by collection chamber, preheating chamber, combustion chamber, collection chamber is packed in the top of preheating chamber, and the combustion chamber is packed in the bottom of preheating chamber, and collection chamber top is shaped on exhaust outlet, its sidewall is provided with charging aperture, the preheating chamber inwall is fixed with heat-insulation layer, is fixed with on the sidewall of combustion chamber to burn to chew, and burns the sidewall of combustion chamber of chewing bottom and is shaped on slag notch and molten iron outlet, wherein the lower horizontal of preheating chamber is fixed with a fire grate, and this fire grate is a hollow tubular structure.

And described fire grate is the return bend form, perhaps helix tube form, perhaps straight tube column form of tubes.

And, the coaxial spiral heat exchangers that is embedded with in the described heat-insulation layer, the air inlet of this heat exchanger extends outside the preheating chamber, and the gas outlet of this heat exchanger is burnt to chew by pipeline and combustion chamber and is installed.

And described heat-insulation layer is respectively the cast bed of material, alumina firebrick layer and the cotton layer of insulation sial from inside to outside.

And, described burning is chewed to the interior pipe by outer tube and convergent shape and is constituted, outer coaxial tube sealing is packed in the outside of pipe in the convergent shape, the wherein coaxial back bending that is shaped on upset of the small-caliber end of the interior pipe of convergent shape, back bending and outer coaxial tube install and its on be shaped on combustion-supporting gas and export.

Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are:

1. the shaft furnace that originally has a fire grate is inlaid in the heat-insulation layer spiral heat exchangers is coaxial, has reduced the volume of integral device, has improved utilization of space, and when heat exchange, has made thermal loss reach minimum, has improved the thermal efficiency.

2. the heat-insulation layer that originally has the shaft furnace of fire grate is set to three layers, is respectively the cast bed of material, alumina firebrick layer and the cotton layer of insulation sial from inside to outside, has improved heat-insulating property, reduces thermal loss.

3. the preheating chamber bottom that originally has the shaft furnace of fire grate is fixed with a fire grate, this fire grate is that the hollow tube that is provided with water inlet and delivery port surrounds, this fire grate can be the return bend form, perhaps helix tube form, perhaps straight tube column form of tubes, its setting can stop effectively that the scrap iron slag of fine particle and primary ore rock ballast directly crash into the combustion chamber and stamp out the flames, improve the success rate of the first igniting of shaft furnace, and this fire grate is a hollow tubular structure, cross water in the pipe, high temperature resistant, improved life-span of security and use.

4. the burning that originally has a shaft furnace of fire grate is chewed to the interior pipe by outer tube and convergent shape and is constituted, the outer coaxial tube sealing is packed in the outside of pipe in the convergent shape, the wherein coaxial back bending that is shaped on upset of the small-caliber end of the interior pipe of convergent shape, back bending and outer coaxial tube install and its on be shaped on the outlet of combustion-supporting gas, the setting of this kind structure can increase substantially efficiency of combustion, the combustion chamber programming rate is accelerated, improved the efficient of slag, and the outlet of combustion-supporting gas can be set to a plurality of being distributed in the back bending according to the actual needs, to adapt to different firing rates.

5. overall structure of the present invention is simple, and design science is reasonable, and the integral device volume is little, good heat insulating, and programming rate is fast, slag efficient height, energy-conserving and environment-protective and refining slag cost are lower, are the higher shaft furnaces that has fire grate of a kind of novelty.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention (cutaway view);

Fig. 2 is spiral heat exchangers structural representation (two gas outlet);

The grate structure schematic diagram that Fig. 3 is (return bend form);

Fig. 4 burns the structural representation enlarged drawing of chewing (cutaway view) for the present invention.

The specific embodiment

The invention will be further described below by specific embodiment, and following examples are descriptive, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.

A kind of shaft furnace that has fire grate, constitute by collection chamber 2, preheating chamber 3, combustion chamber 11, collection chamber is welded on the top of preheating chamber, the combustion chamber is welded on the bottom of preheating chamber, this preheating chamber also can be by the top of bracing frame fixed placement in the combustion chamber, present embodiment adopts the former the combustion chamber to be welded on the bottom of preheating chamber, collection chamber top is shaped on exhaust outlet 1, its sidewall is welded with charging aperture 17, the preheating chamber inwall is fixed with heat-insulation layer, this heat-insulation layer constitutes by three layers, is respectively the cast bed of material 14, alumina firebrick layer 15 and the cotton layer 16 of insulation sial from inside to outside; The coaxial spiral heat exchangers 5 that is embedded with in the heat-insulation layer, present embodiment is inlaid in the alumina firebrick layer with spiral heat exchangers, the air inlet 4 of this spiral heat exchangers can install with air blast by pipeline, the gas outlet 6 of this spiral heat exchangers is burnt the combustion-supporting gas air inlet of chewing 19 by pipeline and combustion chamber and is installed, the quantity of spiral heat exchangers gas outlet can to chew quantity identical with the burning that the combustion chamber installs, and the position is corresponding, and perhaps spiral heat exchangers also can be provided with gas outlet and connects threeway or four-way and come introduction pipe and a plurality of burning to chew to install; Be fixed with on the sidewall of combustion chamber to burn and chew 9, burning is chewed to the interior pipe 21 by outer tube 20 and convergent shape and is constituted, the outer coaxial tube sealing is packed in the outside of pipe in the convergent shape, the sidewall of outer tube one end is provided with combustion-supporting gas import, interior pipe heavy caliber one end of convergent shape is combustible gas import 18, a small-bore end is combustible gas outlet 24, the wherein coaxial back bending 22 that is shaped on upset of the small-caliber end of the interior pipe of convergent shape, back bending and outer coaxial tube install and its on be shaped on combustion-supporting gas outlet 23, the quantity of this combustion-supporting gas outlet is N, span 1≤N≤50 of N, present embodiment combustion-supporting gas outlet shown in the drawings be 8 uniform in back bending; The quantity that above-mentioned burning is chewed can be set at 1-10 or more, install according to actual needs, it is 2 that present embodiment burning shown in the drawings is chewed quantity, symmetry is installed on the side wall of combustion chamber, two burnings are chewed all downward-sloping about 10-15 degree, burning is chewed and is shaped on slag notch 10 and molten iron outlet 12 on the following sidewall of combustion chamber, innovative point of the present invention is: the lower horizontal of this preheating chamber is fixed with a fire grate 7, this fire grate is the hollow tubular structure that is provided with water inlet 8 and delivery port 13, this fire grate can be the return bend form, perhaps helix tube form, perhaps straight tube column form of tubes, the form of present embodiment fire grate shown in the drawings is the return bend form.

The exhaust outlet of above-mentioned collection chamber can be connected with dust collect unit by water, adopts the self-excitation wet dust removal to reach the discharging environmental protection requirement; The charging aperture of collection chamber can be connected with self-lift, when the needs when filling with substance, only needs to open elevator and gets final product; The fire grate water inlet and the delivery port of preheating chamber can be communicated with water cooling pond by pipeline, utilize the principle of cold and hot convection current that water is circulated, and also can adopt the temperature of the form reduction fire grate of pumping cold water; The combustion-supporting gas of chewing supply for burning can be air or oxygen etc., and combustible gas can be coal gas, carbon monoxide gas, methane etc.

Utilize the present invention and prior art to smelt the Economic and Efficiency Analysis of scrap iron slag:

The present invention adopts coal gas to smelt the scrap iron slag, and smelting a scrap iron dross coal gas producer needs 0.8-1 ton coal, and the market average price of coal is in 340-600 unit, and on average smelting a scrap iron slag by 1 ton of coal, to calculate used fuel cost be 340 yuan.

At present prior art is smelted the required low sulfur coke amount of scrap iron slag greatly about 0.3 ton, and the market average price of low sulfur coke is in 2000-2900 unit, and to smelt the fuel cost of a scrap iron slag be 600 yuan to prior art so.

Claims

1. shaft furnace that has fire grate, by collection chamber, preheating chamber, the combustion chamber constitutes, collection chamber is packed in the top of preheating chamber, the combustion chamber is packed in the bottom of preheating chamber, collection chamber top is shaped on exhaust outlet, its sidewall is provided with charging aperture, the preheating chamber inwall is fixed with heat-insulation layer, be fixed with on the sidewall of combustion chamber to burn and chew, burn the sidewall of combustion chamber of chewing bottom and be shaped on slag notch and molten iron outlet, it is characterized in that: the lower horizontal of preheating chamber is fixed with a fire grate, this fire grate is a hollow tubular structure, the coaxial spiral heat exchangers that is embedded with in the heat-insulation layer, the air inlet of this heat exchanger extends outside the preheating chamber, and the gas outlet of this heat exchanger is burnt to chew by pipeline and combustion chamber and is installed.

2. the shaft furnace that has fire grate according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fire grate is the return bend form, perhaps helix tube form, perhaps straight tube column form of tubes.

3. the shaft furnace that has the stove calculation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described heat-insulation layer is respectively the cast bed of material, alumina firebrick layer and the cotton layer of insulation sial from inside to outside.

4. the shaft furnace that has fire grate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the interior pipe that described burning is chewed by outer tube and convergent shape constitutes, the outer coaxial tube sealing is packed in the outside of pipe in the convergent shape, the wherein coaxial back bending that is shaped on upset of the small-caliber end of the interior pipe of convergent shape, back bending and outer coaxial tube install and its on be shaped on the outlet of combustion-supporting gas.