CN101440417A - Tube furnace-high furnace duplex coal-based smelting reduction ironmaking method - Google Patents
Tube furnace-high furnace duplex coal-based smelting reduction ironmaking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101440417A CN101440417A CNA2008102152982A CN200810215298A CN101440417A CN 101440417 A CN101440417 A CN 101440417A CN A2008102152982 A CNA2008102152982 A CN A2008102152982A CN 200810215298 A CN200810215298 A CN 200810215298A CN 101440417 A CN101440417 A CN 101440417A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coal-based melting reduction ironmaking method, in particular to a duplex coal-based melting reduction ironmaking method for tube furnaces, namely shaft furnaces, which solves problems existing in various melting reduction ironmaking methods in the prior art. The method comprises the process steps of proportioning iron ore powder, coal dust and lime powder, adding water, stirring the materials, briquetting and molding under high pressure, preheating, drying, reinforcing, pre-reducing in a tube furnace, performing melting and final reduction in a shaft furnace and separating slag and iron in a forehearth. The method has the advantages of little comprehensive investment, low comprehensive energy consumption, little pollution, low equipment failure rate, steady production operation, changeable production scale, easy co-production casting, low cost, high investment return, short process, easy operation, little equipment and easy maintenance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coal-base fusing reduction iron smelting method, specifically is a kind of tube furnace-high furnace duplex coal-based smelting reduction ironmaking method.
Background technology
Mainly contain than two step of popular coal-base fusing reduction iron smelting method at present: shower furnace---electric furnace duplex practice, rotary kiln---electric furnace duplex practice, fluidized-bed---high furnace duplex method.
Shower furnace---electric furnace duplex practice.At first powdered iron ore and particulate carbon dust are blown in the shower furnace by air, powdered iron ore and carbon dust are suspended in the air, coal combustion heat release, and 70% oxygen in the powdered iron ore seized, prereduction goes out tiny abrasive grit, by gravity fall to the material of furnace bottom by electric furnace fusion reduction eventually.And realize that slag-iron separates.The advantage of this method is directly to use powdered iron ore, does not require that lump ore (or oxide pellet) goes into stove, and shower furnace goes out the recyclable generating of furnace gas, and electric power supply stove uses.Shortcoming is that the shower furnace construction space is very big, and the reactor utilization coefficient is very little, generally only is 0.5T/m
3.d about. invest very greatly, payback period is longer.
Rotary kiln---electric furnace duplex practice.At first iron ore block (or acid pellet) and carbon piece are added at the rotary kiln tail, compound slowly rolls in the kiln hood moving process in kiln, heated by the kiln hood burned flame, realize being added in the electric furnace (electric arc furnace, induction furnace, unidirectional direct current furnace) after prereduction (reduction degree 30～70%) is come out of the stove, the whole reduction of the continuation that heats up slag-iron after fusion separates.This method increases than suspended state method reactor utilization coefficient, and technology is ripe.Shortcoming is harsh to the requirement of raw material, must be that lump ore (or through balling-up high temperature sintering become acid pellet with powdered iron ore) and piece carbon can be gone into stove.In addition, the easy adhesion ring formation of rotary kiln scram.
Fluidized-bed---high furnace duplex method, the similar shower furnace of fluidized-bed prereduction principle, the fluidized-bed pressure of blast is less than shower furnace, breeze and coal dust seethe up and down in the specific scope in stove, be heated breeze after the prereduction and coal dust sprays into the shaft furnace burning reduction eventually that heats up with air by the plasma air port, separates until fusing back slag-iron.Need add the call prisoners in after letting them out for exercise mouthful CO2 at place of Absorption of Coke in the shaft furnace and keep a furnace reduction atmosphere.The advantage of this method be fluidized-bed than shower furnace utility factor height, high energy () is not used in fusion eventually reduction, still uses coal.But still need to consume second advanced energy coke.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of tube furnace-high furnace duplex coal-based smelting reduction ironmaking method in order to solve the problem that above-mentioned various coal-base fusing reduction iron smelting methods exist.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: tube furnace-high furnace duplex coal-based smelting reduction ironmaking method, and its processing step is as follows:
1), batching: powdered iron ore, coal dust, lime powder, wherein: the coal blending powder will surpass 10%～20% of reduced iron aequum, join the lime powder amount and decide, wherein the content of free calcium oxide: total dioxide-containing silica=1～3 according to the content of the efficient oxidation calcium in silicon-dioxide, the lime powder in gangue, coal ash part in the sulphur content of powdered iron ore, coal dust and the powdered iron ore.
2), add water and stir, the compound total water content is 12～18%,
3), the high pressure compound stalk forming, the wet tenacity 〉=3Mpa of briquetting,
4), preheating and drying strengthens,
5), tube furnace prereduction,
6), eventually reduction of shaft furnace fusion,
7), preceding slag iron separates.
The thermal source of preheating and drying goes out furnace exhaust gas for the tubular type pre-reducing furnace.
The present invention adds water with powdered iron ore, coal dust, lime powder to stir, the cold conditions briquetting, and after the drying, briquetting is heated the back powdered iron ore by the direct prereduction of coal dust in tube furnace, and the thermal source that adds hot wafering is the by product coal gas of pre-reduced iron, and is self-produced personal.Iron block is while hot by shaft furnace Coal powder spray fusion reduction eventually after the prereduction then, and molten iron after the fusing and slag liquid carry out slag-iron at forehearth to be separated, and needn't add coke in the shaft furnace.
Tube furnace be horizontal many refractory tubes arranged side by side in the burner hearth (see for details the applicant in first to file, its denomination of invention is a tube furnace, number of patent application: 200720102158.5).
Shaft furnace is the type of furnace in similar cupola furnace, can adopt cupola furnace of the prior art.
The relative prior art of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the comprehensive method of investment is minimum, and ton iron scope of investment is less than 300 yuan;
2, all more ingenious more abundant being utilized of all physics chemistry waste heat in the flow process, comprehensive energy consumption is extremely low;
3, entering Production Flow Chart from raw material, just to begin wet method, moulding, negative pressure be main operation, pollutes seldom, correspondingly therewith needs the environmental protection facilities such as dedusting that drop into also seldom;
4, all running devices all are cold operations, and high temperature service all is the fixture of being built by laying bricks or stones by refractory materials.Equipment failure rate is low, and production run is steady.
5, no matter reducing still heating all uses rudimentary energy coals, both need not more not electricity consumption of Jiao; Industrial scale is changeable, and is easy to the coproduction casting;
6, cost is very low, and investment repayment is high;
7, flow process is short, and easy to operate, equipment is few, easy care.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of main technique equipment of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the deep cutting view of tube furnace
Fig. 3 is A-A sectional view of Fig. 2
Fig. 4 is B-B sectional view of Fig. 2
Fig. 5 is that the C of Fig. 2 is to synoptic diagram
Fig. 6 is that the D of Fig. 2 is to synoptic diagram
Fig. 7 is the I portion enlarged view of Fig. 2
Fig. 8 is the outside view of tube furnace
1-shaft furnace among the figure, the 2-tube furnace, the 3-hot metal ladle, 4-forehearth, a water receiving warm up, have a bath, stirring etc. uses thermic devices, b to connect the furnace gas recovery system, and c connects gas blower, and d connects water supply pump
2.1-atresia base (refractory concrete), the porose base of 2.2-(refractory concrete, as C among Fig. 2 to shown in); 2.3-exhanst gas outlet (refractory concrete, as D among Fig. 2 to shown in), 2.4-base (refractory materials); 2.5-boiler tube (refractory materials), 2.6-pipe door (Q235), the fire-resistant crossbeam of 2.7-(refractory concrete); 2.8-upright brick arch certificate (refractory brick), the horizontal brick arch certificate of 2.9-(insulating brick), 2.10-is incubated bed course (light heat insulation material); 2.11-protective layer (sand-cement slurry); 2.12-secondary air channel (steel pipe), 2.13-refractory wool (high aluminum wool), 2.14-coal-gas recovering space; 2.15-vision slit; 2.16-port lid (Q235), the 2.17-air-valve, 2.18-coal gas is gone into the burner hearth hole; a 2.19-airduct (steel pipe); 2.20-water-cooled scraper plate machine, 2.21-upflow tube (steel pipe), 2.22-blow-off pipe (steel pipe); 2.23-outer insulated wall; 2.24-built-in fitting (Q235), the 2.25-ignition furnace, 2.26-flame is gone into furnace mouth; 2.27-cigarette valve; 2.28-the ditch, 2.29-pond, 2.30-flue
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described further, and embodiment is used for illustrating of the present invention, rather than it is done any invention.
1, powdered iron ore, coal dust, lime powder are prepared burden by a certain percentage, wherein: the coal blending powder will surpass 10%～20% of reduced iron aequum, so that in shaft furnace, keep reducing atmosphere, allocate lime powder one into for increasing compound plasticity, two are desulfurization, joining amount of lime needs decide according to the content of the efficient oxidation calcium in silicon-dioxide, the lime powder in gangue, coal ash part in the sulphur content of powdered iron ore, coal dust and the powdered iron ore, wherein the efficient oxidation calcium: total silicon-dioxide=1～3.
2, above-mentioned three kinds of material add water and fully stir, and amount of water requires decide according to plasticity, and generally the compound total water content is 12～18%.
3, the compound palpus high pressure briquetting that stirs, the wet tenacity 〉=3MPa of briquetting.
4, mechanical water is taken off in the briquetting preheating, gains in strength.The preheating thermal source goes out furnace exhaust gas for the tubular type pre-reducing furnace.
5, the dry-pressing piece is gone into each refractory tube of tubular type pre-reducing furnace, and in briquetting pushing block traveling process, under the secluding air condition, conduct heat by fire-resistant tube wall, briquetting progressively is warmed up to more than 400 ℃, coal begins combustiblematerialss such as destructive distillation release fugitive constituent and tar in the briquetting, is warmed up to more than 800 ℃, and coal in the briquetting (C) is captured the oxygen of closely adjacent powdered iron ore, generate coal gas (CO), iron is reduced.The combustible gas that the dry distillation of coal discharges and the by product coal gas of coal reduced iron, because the negative pressure of the induced draft blower withdraws tail gas in the burner hearth, space along refractory tube and briquetting enters burner hearth, blast roasting, after flame about 1200 ℃ and hot gas flow were walked for several times in burner hearth up and down, temperature was reduced to below 400 ℃ and is entered the interchanger that the stove air is gone in heating outward by induced draft fan extraction stove.Temperature is reduced to below 200 ℃, is delivered to pre-heating kiln preheating and drying briquetting by induced draft fan.
Flame about 1200 ℃ and hot gas flow walk up and down in burner hearth for several times that refractory tube is heated in the process, and form high, medium and low three thermogrades.
Refractory tube is passed to briquetting by inside pipe wall with accumulation of heat, makes briquetting slough physics and chemical water at cold zone, discharges combustible gases such as fugitive constituent in middle warm area destructive distillation, at high-temperature zone reduced iron by-product gas.
So move in circles, the dry-pressing piece is not broken stove, briquetting roof pressure piece is through three humidity provinces, combustible gas, coal gas disappear from originating from, heat energy is self-produced personal, be ejected the hot wafering (about 1000 ℃) of the fire-resistant mouth of pipe in high-temperature zone, existing about iron 80% or more is reduced into sponge iron (combustible gas, coal gas form many little air flues when the ease briquetting, briquetting is similar to sponge and gains the name).
6, hot wafering is gone into shaft furnace while hot, and the shaft furnace bottom side blasts the warm air (about 500 ℃) that carries coal dust (being made by Raymond mill), at the furnace bottom coal dust firing, further the heat hot briquetting is realized reduction eventually, and briquetting progressively melted, utilize the proportion principle that slag-iron is separated, obtain molten iron.
Coal dust (contains a large amount of CO in the oxidizing atmosphere that the furnace bottom burning forms
2), absorbed by the superfluous coal blending in the briquetting, form reducing atmosphere.
From the furnace gas that draw the shaft furnace top side, contain a large amount of coal gas, wherein sub-fraction is sent into tubular type pre-reducing furnace burner hearth burning and is kept the heat supplement of furnace temperature, major part to be collected it with (going into stove air etc. such as gas to generate electricity, heating boiler, thermal treatment, heating) as furnace tubing
7, fused molten iron and slag liquid in time discharge out of the furnace and enter forehearth (fire resistant heat preserving stove) in shaft furnace, slag-iron liquid layering (proportion difference), at slag-iron liquid interface, be dissolved in the ferric oxide that carbon in the molten iron will be dissolved in the slag liquid and continue reduction, rise to the forehearth overflow port gradually until liquid level, the slag liquid that floats over above the molten iron flows out forehearth, and molten iron is stayed furnace bottom, realizes that slag-iron separates.
8, in tube furnace prereduction and in the whole reduction of shaft furnace fusion, most sulphur is gasificated into SO in coal and the breeze
2, SO
3, acid such as COS, generate the salt product with lime reaction, fusion enters in the slag and is removed.
The structure of tube furnace is as follows: as seen from Figure 2 in the tube furnace crosswise several layers of (being 6 layers as shown) boiler tube 2.5, every boiler tube 2.5 is formed by connecting by several (originally being illustrated as 6) short refractory tube.All there are base 2.4 supports and fixing two ends and per two short tube junctions at every pipe.After the base of all boiler tubes 2.5 (Fig. 4 is illustrated as 36) links into an integrated entity in the burner hearth, burner hearth is divided into several sections (Fig. 2 is illustrated as 6 sections).Base 2.4 after fusing has just become one to stop up wall with flues.Flame and hot gas flow just can not be walked short circuit like this, directly enter another section from a section of burner hearth, and must detour up and down along firebreak.Prolonged heat transfer distances thus, used the furnace exhaust gas temperature and reduce.And make every boiler tube 2.5 become the temperature gradient that falls progressively from the right side shown in Figure 2 to left-handed form.
As seen from Figure 2, the fire-resistant crossbeam 2.7 at stove two ends is with the burner hearth sealing that is isolated from the outside, and the fire-resistant crossbeam 2.7 of intermediary blocks flame and hot gas flow, and it is descending to force it to turn to.The hot gas flow that goes downwards to furnace bottom passes the hole of porose base 2.2, enters the lower end furnace cavity, runs into the firebreak that is connected by base 2.4, and air-flow alters course up again.Hot gas flow is walked so up and down in the process and is contacted (accompanying drawing 2 signals 6 times) heat transfer repeatedly with each root stove 2.5 pipe, has improved the thermo-efficiency of this stove.
As seen from Figure 2, upright brick arch certificate 2.8 had both sealed furnace roof, had reserved the space for hot gas flow at the inverted running of furnace roof portion again.Horizontal brick arch certificate 2.9 for improving the bearing resistance of certificate, had been again the insulation of furnace roof both.Insulation bed course 2.10 both for filling and leading up stove certificate top, to make things convenient for the construction of protective layer 2.11, had reduced the heat radiation of furnace roof simultaneously.
As seen from Figure 2, the all corresponding vision slit 2.15 of the right-hand member of each root boiler tube 2.5 (end), under the normal circumstances, each vision slit 2.15 is all by port lid 2.16 sealings, when running into fault (as the temperature end adhesion dross of boiler tube 2.5), sealing again prevents gas leakage after can opening corresponding port lid 2.16 and fixing a breakdown by vision slit 2.15.
As seen from Figure 2, " furnace wall " that the terminal base of all pipes 2.5 is connected to form is isolated from the outside burner hearth, and the outer insulated wall 2.23 at this furnace wall and vision slit 2.15 places has surrounded a coal-gas recovering space 2.14.
As seen from Figure 2, the bottom in coal-gas recovering space 2.14 has several coal gas to go into burner hearth hole 2.18, goes into burner hearth hole 2.18 near a side of burner hearths airduct 2.19 once at coal gas.In the bottom in coal-gas recovering space 2.14 are water-cooled scraper plate machines 2.20.The right side of water-cooled scraper plate machine 2.20 is upflow tubes 2.21, and its effect is to keep the ditch water level.One side is a blow-off pipe 2.22 in the bottom in ditch, by valve control, and the dirt in the ditch of open valve cleaning in case of necessity.
Contrasted as seen by Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, water-cooled scraper plate machine 2.20 is on the built-in fitting 2.24 that is welded on the base 2.1 of low order end, by the base plate of water-cooled scraper plate machine 2.20 coal-gas recovering space 2.14 and ditch is kept apart.The bottom of water-cooled scraper plate machine 2.20 is immersed in the water, and top anhydrous.
As seen from Figure 8, the outside of tube furnace is positioned at right several first end burner hearths and respectively there is an ignition furnace 2.25 at the 3rd section burner hearth place, and the certificate top of each ignition furnace 2.25 all has a flame to go into furnace mouth 2.26.
As seen from Figure 2, air-valve 2.17 is housed all on first and second airduct, in order to regulate the stove air quantity.Cigarette valve 2.27 is housed in flue, goes into the burner hearth amount in order to regulate smoking amount and coal gas.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of tube furnace-high furnace duplex coal-based smelting reduction ironmaking method, its processing step is as follows:
1), batching: powdered iron ore, coal dust, lime powder, wherein: the coal blending powder will surpass 10%～20% of reduced iron aequum, joining the lime powder amount decides according to the content of the efficient oxidation calcium in silicon-dioxide, the lime powder in gangue, coal ash part in the sulphur content of powdered iron ore, coal dust and the powdered iron ore, the content of free calcium oxide wherein: total dioxide-containing silica=1～3
2), add water and stir, the compound total water content is 12～18%,
3), the high pressure compound stalk forming, the wet tenacity 〉=3Mpa of briquetting,
4), preheating and drying strengthens,
5), tube furnace prereduction,
6), eventually reduction of shaft furnace fusion,
7), preceding slag iron separates.
2, tube furnace-high furnace duplex coal-based smelting reduction ironmaking method according to claim 1, the thermal source that it is characterized in that preheating and drying are the furnace exhaust gas that of tube furnace.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA2008102152982A CN101440417A (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2008-09-19 | Tube furnace-high furnace duplex coal-based smelting reduction ironmaking method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN200710139480.X | 2007-09-21 | ||
| CNA200710139480XA CN101121950A (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2007-09-21 | Tube furnace-shaft furnace twin coal-base fusing reduction iron-smelting method |
| CNA2008102152982A CN101440417A (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2008-09-19 | Tube furnace-high furnace duplex coal-based smelting reduction ironmaking method |
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| CNA200710139480XA Pending CN101121950A (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2007-09-21 | Tube furnace-shaft furnace twin coal-base fusing reduction iron-smelting method |
| CNA2008102152982A Pending CN101440417A (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2008-09-19 | Tube furnace-high furnace duplex coal-based smelting reduction ironmaking method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102618685A (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-08-01 | 姜洪金 | Energy-saving environmental-protection two-grinding one-burning method iron ore cokeless iron making and cement clinker producing technology |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101845529B (en) * | 2010-06-02 | 2011-12-07 | 首钢总公司 | Preheating reduction furnace for iron making through smelting reduction |
| CN102199680B (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2012-12-12 | 黄道兵 | Cyclical low-carbon metallurgical method with tail gas conversion by plasma |
| CN102719587A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-10 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Rotary hearth furnace-smelting reduction furnace joint ironmaking process |
| CN104419792B (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2017-02-22 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Pulverized coal and powdery silica mixed pressure block and preparation and furnace protection methods thereof |
| JP5825459B1 (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2015-12-02 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Manufacturing method and manufacturing equipment of reduced iron |
| CN104531933B (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2017-01-18 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Method for producing high-quality nickel-iron alloy by reducing laterite-nickel ore under control |
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2007
- 2007-09-21 CN CNA200710139480XA patent/CN101121950A/en active Pending
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102618685A (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-08-01 | 姜洪金 | Energy-saving environmental-protection two-grinding one-burning method iron ore cokeless iron making and cement clinker producing technology |
| CN102618685B (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2016-03-09 | 姜洪金 | Burning method iron ore coke-free ironmaking and a cement clinker production technology is ground in energy-conserving and environment-protective two |
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Open date: 20090527 |