Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
  • A61K39/44—Antibodies bound to carriers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
  • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
  • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
  • A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
  • A61K47/6807—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates the drug or compound being a sugar, nucleoside, nucleotide, nucleic acid, e.g. RNA antisense
  • A61K47/6809—Antibiotics, e.g. antitumor antibiotics anthracyclins, adriamycin, doxorubicin or daunomycin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/60—Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K8/602—Glycosides, e.g. rutin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/64—Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/57—Compounds covalently linked to a(n inert) carrier molecule, e.g. conjugates, pro-fragrances

Definitions

• a pharmaceutical preparation and a conjugate of a bactericide and an antibody directed against plaque forming or caries-inducing bacteria is provided.
• the invention relates to a conjugate of a bactericide and an antibody directed against at least a certain type of dental plaque-forming and/or caries-forming bacteria, and to a pharmaceutical preparation for the treatment of dental plaque and/or caries. Furthermore, it relates to a method of treating dental plaque and/or caries.
• dental caries and plaque result from the action of certain bacteria in the saliva. Some of these species produce adhesive substances that enable the bacteria to adhere to the tooth surfaces. Bacteria in plaque convert sugars in the diet into acids that dissolve mineral components of the teeth and produce cavities. The plaque-forming bacteria can also colonize crevices between the teeth and gums, moving down along the roots of the teeth, enlarging the crevices and destroying gums, ligaments and bone holding the teeth in the jaw. The disease is a major cause of tooth loss, and the treatment can be both painful and costly. The most important bacterium causative of human dental caries and plaque is Streptococcus mutans, but there are several other bacteria which may participate in the formation of dental plaque and caries and in causing tooth-loosening.
• the present invention provides a new method of treating dental plaque and caries, in which use is made of a conjugate of a bactericide and an antibody directed against at least a certain type of dental plaqueforming and/or caries-forming bacteria. It has previously been shown that if an antibody is binding to an antigen this will take place in but a few seconds.
• the conjugate of the invention will attach rapidly to the bacteria against which the antibody of the conjugate is directed, thus keeping the conjugate in place while the bactericide of the conjugate rapidly acts on the target bacteria. Description of the invention
• the present invention provides a new conjugate of a bactericide and an antibody directed against at least a certain type of dental plaque-forming and/or caries-forming bacteria.
• the conjugate preferably comprised in a pharmaceutical preparation, is useful in the local treatment of an infection caused by said certain type of dental plaque-forming and/or caries forming bacteria.
• the invention also provides a method of treating dental plaque and/or caries comprising local application of a bactericidal amount of a conjugate of the invention or a pharmaceutical preparation of the invention, to a surface infected by dental plaque-forming and/or caries-forming bacteria.
• the bactericide of the conjugate is preferably an antibiotic selected with regard to effectiveness against a certain target bacterium.
• the antibiotic is Netilmicin (O-3-deoxy-4-C-methyl-3(methyl-amino)- ⁇ -L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 ⁇ 4)-O-[2,6-diamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy- ⁇ -D-gly cero-hex-4-enopyranosyl-(1 ⁇ 6)-2-deoxy-N -ethyl-L-streptamine sulfate (2:5) salt).
• the antibody of the conjugate is either polyclonal or monoclonal and is directed against at least a certain type of dental plaque-forming and/or caries-forming bacteria.
• the antibody of the conjugate is preferably directed against at least a certain type of bacteria selected from the group consisting of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Bacteroides gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, Veronella alcalescens and Actinomyces viscosus.
• the antibody is directed against Streptococcus mutans.
• the invention further provides a pharmaceutical preparation comprising a conjugate of a bactericide and an antibody directed against at least a certain type of dental plaque-forming and/or caries-forming bacteria, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or diluent and, optionally, other pharmaceutically acceptable additives.
• concentration of the conjugate in the pharmaceutical preparation is preferably such that a single local treatment of an infection caused by a certain type of dental plaque-forming and/or caries-forming bacteria against which the antibody of the conjugate is directed, will provide a bactericidal effect.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and diluent which can be used in the pharmaceutical preparation of the invention are not critical, and examples of useful carriers and diluents can be found in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia.
• the pharmaceutical preparation according to the invention is preferably in the form of a paste, a toothpaste, a suspension, a solution or a mouth-wash.
• the optional pharmaceutically acceptable additives are such as are needed for the above listed forms of the pharmaceutical preparation.
• Preferred embodiments of the pharmaceutical preparations of the invention comprise at least one of the preferred conjugates of the invention.
• a pharmaceutical preparation according to the invention will comprise several conjugates of perhaps different bactericides and different antibodies each directed against at least a certain type of dental plaque-forming and/or caries-forming bacteria.
• a large number of bacteria were cultivated in conventional LB-medium (the medium was autoclaved before use, and one litre of medium contained 10 g tryptone soya broth (Oxoid code CM 129), 5 g yeast extract (Oxoid code L 21), 10 g NaCl, pH adjusted to 7.5 with 1 M NaOH, and the balance water).
• the cultivation was performed in an incubator at 37°C and constant agitation overnight.
• the bacteria for the immunization and affinity purification were washed repeatedly with phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS).
• PBS phosphate buffered saline solution
• the bacteria for testing were stored in a refrigerator until use (bacterial medium).
• Antibodies were produced by repeated immunization of hens (White Leghorn line) with formaline-killed Streptococcus mutans (strain AHT) bacteria.
• the bacterial strain was received from the Department of Oral Microbiology, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden.
• the IgG fraction of hyperimmune serum from these animals was received from Immun System AB, Uppsala, Sweden.
• Purification of antibodues by affinity chromatography Ultrasonicated Streptococcus mutans bacteria of the same strain where coupled to BrCN-activated Sepharose 4B (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) in a column in conventional manner, and the antibodies were applied onto the column, and then the column was washed with PBS.
• Bound antibodies were eluted with 0.1 M glycine pH 2.25.
• the bound specific antibodies were concentrated by precipitation with 50% ammonium sulphate and dialysed against PBS (without azide) for three days.
• the conjugation of an antibody to a bactericide can be performed in any conventional manner.
• the method selected was a one-step method using glutaraldehyde.
• 200 ⁇ l Netilmicin (ESSEX Läkemedel, Box 27190, Sweden) in PBS (5 mg/ml ) was mixed with 50 ⁇ l of 0.2% glutaraldehyde.
• the mixture was incubated for 1 hour at room temperature.
• 100 ⁇ l of antibodies in water 0.4 mg antibodies in 0.6 ml H 2 O
• the mixture was further incubated for two hours at room temperature, whereupon 100 ⁇ l 1 M lysine, pH 7.0, was added.
• BSA bovine serum albumin
• Netilmicin was produced as a control. Excess Netilmicin was removed by dialysis against
• Netilmicin was conjugated to itself, was prepared.
• the anti-bacterial effect of the conjugates I.
• the anti-bacterial effect of the conjugates was tested using a conventional technique where the conjugate is placed in wells punched in agar and the size of the inhibition zones is measured. 5 ml of LB agar (LB medium to which 0.7% agar-agar has been added) was poured into a petri dish and allowed to solidify. An additional 5 ml LB agar were heated to
• the stored bacterial medium in a final dilution of 10 -3 -10 -6 was added to the warm LB agar and rapidly mixed therewith, whereupon the mixture was immediately poured onto the LB agar in the petri dish. Wells were punched in the agar layer, and 20 ⁇ l each of the different samples of conjugate were added to separate wells. The plate was incubated overnight at 37°C, and the next day the diameter of the inhibition zones was measured.
• the conjugate of antibody-antibiotic has a clearly better anti-bacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans than the same antibiotic conjugated to a non-specific protein.
• the major advantage of using a conjugate according to the invention for the treatment of dental caries and plaque is the short period of exposure needed for sufficient anti-bacterial effect.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Mycology (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

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• 1988
  • 1988-06-06 SE SE8802084A patent/SE461570B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1989
  • 1989-06-02 EP EP89906837A patent/EP0419532A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1989-06-02 AU AU37635/89A patent/AU3763589A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1989-06-02 WO PCT/SE1989/000311 patent/WO1989011866A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1990
  • 1990-12-05 DK DK289090A patent/DK161892C/da not_active IP Right Cessation

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