EP0419415A1 - Method and apparatus for the fine cleaning of textile fibres - Google Patents

Abstract

The method is characterised in that a fibre lap, as a result of a fibre-dependent drawing between a nip of the feed device, in which the fibre lap is compressed and nipped with an adjustable nipping force, and a fibre take-over point on the opening roller, at which the opening roller takes over the fibres, is brought into a stretched fibre state and then exposed to a centrifugal force and is subsequently so guided past separating blades, the centrifugal force being maintained, that the edge-surface zone having impurities enriched as a result of drawing and centrifuging is separated off. The cleaning steps of predrawing and separation can be followed by further cleaning steps and a transposition step. …<??>The apparatus is such that the feed means has a nipping device with an adjustable and displaceable nip, from which the lap is taken over by the opening roller (24) at a take-over point by plucking, and the take-over point is followed on the circumference of the opening roller (24) in the direction of transport by a separating means having an arrangement of separating blades (49.1, 49.2). …<IMAGE>…

Description

The invention lies in the field of spinning machines, it relates to the fine cleaning of textile fibers and relates to a method and a device for carrying out the method according to the preambles of the independent claims.

Textile fibers, in particular cotton fibers, are subjected to a rough cleaning after opening the bales, during which the rough impurities are removed. Subsequent to the rough cleaning, the fine cleaning is carried out, during which, if possible, all the dirt particles remaining in the fibers after the rough cleaning are to be removed. The fibers only go to the next preparation stage for spinning, e.g. B. for carding.

The fine cleaning must be set up in such a way that it contains all the dirt particles contained in it from fibers of every provenance removes, but without affecting the quality of the fibers and without separating larger portions of the fibers together with the dirt.

Fibers of different origins differ in the following characteristics:

Fiber length : The fiber length should not be influenced during cleaning.

Fiber strength : The fiber strength is not affected during cleaning. The higher the fiber strength, the more aggressive cleaning can be done without the fibers being damaged.

Fiber parallelism: The more parallel the individual fibers lie to each other, the more uniform the voids between the fibers and the easier the fibers can be separated.

Pollution degree : Pollution particles lie between the fibers. The degree of contamination is determined by the number and type of the contamination particles.

Type of pollution particles : The pollution particles can be large or small compared to the size of the cavities in the flakes, they can be heavy or light compared to the weight of the fibers and they can be trapped in the cavities of the flakes, adhering to the fibers or loosely the flakes or fibers are mixed.

So far, fine cleaning machines have been used for the fine cleaning of textile fibers, in which the flakes from the rough cleaning in the inlet were pre-cleaned on a sieve and compressed into a cotton wool. The cotton wool is passed on by a feed roller, gripped in the synchronous system from the feed roller by the teeth of the central opening roller and carried along by part of a revolution of the opening roller. During this rotation, the cotton is alternately guided past guide elements and separating blades. After this cleaning, the cotton wool is sucked off the opening roller.

Although the intake volume, air speeds and the speed of the opening roller can be changed and the arrangement of the guide elements and separating blades can be mechanically adjusted on such machines, they are not flexible enough to guarantee optimal cleaning in every case. In addition, it is very expensive to convert the machines for fibers from another provenance. Above all, the fine adjustment of the cleaning process in its dynamic course is not possible.

It is an object of the invention to provide a method for the fine cleaning of textile fibers and to provide an apparatus with which a broad spectrum of fiber provenances (different fiber qualities and different degrees of soiling) can be optimally intensively cleaned in such a way that the degree of cleaning and the impairment of the fibers optimally Card sliver or yarn is adjusted. To do this, the setting options for the machine parameters relevant to the cleaning process must be large, and the change from a fiber provenance to others must be able to be carried out quickly and with little effort, possibly even during the process. In other words, the cleaning parameters must be adjustable from the outside without manual intervention in the machine. Inlet into the fine cleaning machine and extraction of cleaned fibers and dirt must be set up so that they do not interfere with the cleaning process at any time.

This object is achieved by the fiber-oriented cleaning method described in the characterizing part of patent claim 1 and in the following and a corresponding device for carrying out the method.

• Fig. 1: Schematische Darstellung des Feinreinigungsverfahrens mit den Reinigungsstufen 1 bis 7;
• Fig. 2: Detailzeichnung des Einlaufes (Vorrichtung für die Reini­gungsstufe 1);
• Fig. 3.1: Detailzeichnung der Übernahme (Vorrichtung für die Reini­gungsstufe 2), Ausführungsform ohne einstellbare Klemm­kraft;
• Fig. 3.2: Detailzeichnung der Übernahme (Vorrichtung für die Reini­gungsstufe 2), Ausführungsform mit einstellbarer Klemm­kraft;
• Fig. 3.3: eine weitere Ausführungsform der Übernahmestelle (Reini­gungsstufe 2) mit einstellbarer Klemmkraft;
• Fig. 4.1: Detailzeichnung der Gruppe von drei Leitelementen und zwei Trennklingen (Vorrichtung für die Reinigungsstufen 3 und 6);
• Fig. 4.2: wie Figur 4.1 (Betrachtungsrichtung senkrecht zur Rotations­achse);
• Fig. 4.3: Teilvorrichtung zur Einstellung des Abstandes zwischen der ganzen Vorrichtung und dem Schlagkreis;
• Fig. 4.4: Teilvorrichtung zur Einstellung des Abstandes zwischen den Leitelementen und dem Schlagkreis;
• Fig. 4.5: Teilvorrichtung zur Einstellung des Abstandes zwischen Leit­elementen und Trennklingen;
• Figuren 4.6,4.7 und 4.8: zeigen den schrittweisen Aufbau der Vorrichtung zur Einstellung der Reinigungsstufen 3 und 6;
• Fig. 5: Detailzeichnung der Kardierplatte (Vorrichtung für die Reini­gungsstufe 4);
• Fig. 6.1: (a und b) Detailzeichnung der Umlagerungsstelle (Vorrichtung der Reinigungsstufe 5) in zwei Ausführungsformen;
• Fig. 6.2: (a und b) Draufsichten senkrecht zur Achse der Öff­nungswalze auf die Umlagerungsstellen gemäss Figur 6.1;
• Fig. 6.4: Draufsicht auf eine Ausführungsform der Umlagerungsstelle parallel zur Achse der Öffnungswalze;
• Fig. 7: Detailzeichnung des Abganges (Vorrichtung für die Reini­gungsstufe 7);
• Fig. 8: Übersichtszeichnung der ganzen Feinreinigungsvorrichtung

An exemplary procedure and exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention is illustrated in more detail with reference to the following drawings. It shows:

• Fig. 1 : Schematic representation of the fine cleaning process with cleaning levels 1 to 7;
• Fig. 2 : Detailed drawing of the inlet (device for cleaning stage 1);
• Fig. 3.1 : Detailed drawing of the transfer (device for cleaning level 2), embodiment without adjustable clamping force;
• Fig. 3.2 : Detailed drawing of the transfer (device for cleaning level 2), embodiment with adjustable clamping force;
• Fig. 3.3 : another embodiment of the takeover point (cleaning stage 2) with adjustable clamping force;
• 4.1 : Detailed drawing of the group of three guide elements and two separating blades (device for cleaning stages 3 and 6);
• 4.2 : as in FIG. 4.1 (viewing direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation);
• Fig. 4.3 : Partial device for adjusting the distance between the entire device and the impact circle;
• Fig. 4.4 : Partial device for adjusting the distance between the guide elements and the impact circle;
• Fig. 4.5 : Partial device for adjusting the distance between guide elements and separating blades;
• FIGS. 4.6, 4.7 and 4.8 : show the step-by-step structure of the device for setting the cleaning stages 3 and 6;
• Fig. 5 : Detailed drawing of the carding plate (device for cleaning stage 4);
• Fig. 6.1 : (a and b) detailed drawing of the relocation point (device of cleaning level 5) in two embodiments;
• 6.2 : (a and b) top views perpendicular to the axis of the opening roller onto the rearrangement points according to FIG. 6.1;
• 6.4 : top view of an embodiment of the relocation point parallel to the axis of the opening roller;
• Fig. 7 : Detailed drawing of the outlet (device for cleaning stage 7);
• Fig. 8 : Overview drawing of the entire fine cleaning device

1 shows the diagram of the fine cleaning method according to the invention with the individual method stages and arranged below them schematic sectional images of those parts of the fine cleaning device in which the method stages take place.

The fibers go through all cleaning stages. In the process diagram, the fiber flow is indicated by shaded arrows. A cleaning process takes place in each stage. It either consists of detaching fibers from fibers and fibers from dirt particles or effectively separating dirt particles from the fibers. In other words, cleaning stages are either dissolution stages (dissolving the tangle) from which no pollution particles are removed, or separation stages from which different pollution particles are removed depending on the separation process (indicated in the diagram by double, unshaded arrows).

It proves to be advantageous if the fiber stream passes through at least one rearrangement stage between cleaning stages, that is to say a stage in which the fibers are detached from the transport teeth of the opening roller, rearranged and again picked up by the transport teeth. Such a rearrangement stage can also be a separation stage.

In each process step, cleaning is determined by a number of cleaning parameters p _x , which are indicated by simple arrows in the process diagram and in the schematic drawings of the process steps.

The optimal setting of each cleaning parameter p _x is due on the one hand to the characteristics of the fiber proven being processed and on the other hand to the setting of a number of other cleaning parameters p _x in the other cleaning stages involved. Optimal cleaning of the fibers of a certain provenance or a provenance mixture is achieved by a set of cleaning parameters p _x that corresponds exactly to this provenance or provenance mixture.

The cleaning parameters p _x are set according to the characteristics of the fiber provenance. This roughly orientating, initial setting is finely optimized during the start-up period in accordance with the properties of the fiber and dirt components arising from the machine during this period by means of a regulating readjustment. The initial setting according to fiber provenance and the optimization that follows immediately bring the start-up loss (not optimally cleaned fiber portion from the start-up phase) to a minimum.

The fine cleaning process can only work optimally if it is not exposed to aerodynamic disturbances. It is therefore particularly advantageous if a process is used to eject the contaminants from the fine cleaning machine, in which the extraction of the contaminants is separated from the cleaning room in such a way that no incorrect air can disrupt the cleaning.

Cleaning stage 1 (sieving and compression, separation stage) :

Flakes from the coarse cleaning machine are usually fed into the fine cleaning machine. In cleaning stage 1, which is also the inlet to the machine, they are sucked onto a sieve with an air stream. Especially small, loose dirt particles pass through the sieve with the air, while the fibers are held back by the sieve and compressed into a cotton wool, which is a loose connection of individual flakes. The cotton wool moves continuously from the inlet to the next cleaning stage.

The cleaning parameters of the inlet are:
p₁ amount of fibers fed
p₂ air flow through the separating element

The amount of fibers fed p₁ determines the performance of the fine cleaning machine. All following p₁ cleaning parameters should be set so that at a maximum of fibers fed optimal cleaning is possible. The highest possible amount of fibers fed p₁ is determined, among other things, by the degree of contamination of the fibers, by the production specification and by the fiber impairment.

The air throughput through the separating element p₂ determines the compactness of the cotton wool produced on the screen. This compactness affects the strain on the fibers when plucking in the following cleaning stage 2, since the fibers hold more together in a more compact wadding and thus the warping process is opposed to a higher resistance. At the same time, the air flow through the separating element p₂ determines the performance and the effect of cleaning on the sieve. The air throughput through the separating element p₂ should not exceed the value at which fibers begin to be torn through the sieve with the dirt particles.

Cleaning level 2 (pre-warping by plucking, dissolution level) :

The cotton wool emerging from cleaning stage 1 is passed through a converging gap, at the end (clamping point) of which it is clamped. After this clamping, at the so-called take-over point, it is gripped by the teeth of the central opening roller. Since the teeth of the opening roller have a higher speed than the cotton wool fed in, the teeth are pulled apart or warped when they are taken over by the teeth. This plucking process increases the resolution of the cotton wool and partially parallelizes the fibers. Loose, adhering and trapped dirt particles are loosened by the movement of the fibers against each other and partly to the surface of the pre-warped Cotton transported. The pre-drawn cotton is guided to cleaning stage 3 on the teeth of the opening roller.

The cleaning parameters of this cleaning level are:
p₃ speed of the opening roller
p₄ Distance between terminal point and transfer point
p₁₂ clamping force

The speed of the central opening roller p₃ is the most influential cleaning parameter. It has a determining influence on cleaning levels 2 to 6. When the cotton is taken over by the teeth of the opening roller (cleaning level 2), it determines the thickness of the pre-drawn cotton together with the quantity p 1 fed in. In the subsequent cleaning stages, it determines the centrifugal force that is used as a cleaning force. The greater the speed of the opening roller, the thinner the pre-drawn cotton and the easier it can be cleaned in the following cleaning stages. However, this has its limits due to the fiber impairment when the peripheral speed of the opening roller is too high.

The distance between the clamping point and the takeover point p₄ and the clamping force p₁₂ determine how much the fibers dissolve during the takeover, and are also subjected to tensile stress and thereby impaired. If the transfer point and the clamping point are too close to one another (or if the distance between the transfer point and the clamping point p₄ is smaller than the average length of the pile), too much of the fiber must be pulled through the clamping point when plucking the cotton. Is the clamping force p₁₂ high, the fibers are more parallelized and sticky when plucking Contamination particles are better removed from the fibers, but the tensile load on the fibers is correspondingly high. Since dirt particles are loosened from the fibers during this plucking process and transported to the cotton wool surface, a high resolution is desirable. The distance between the clamping point and the takeover point p₄ and the clamping force p₁₂ should therefore be set depending on the length of the stack and depending on the strength of the fibers to be cleaned, so that the resolution of the fibers is as high as possible, but the fibers are subjected to stress with possibly little impairment survive the quality. The longer the fibers and the lower the fiber strength, the further apart the clamping point and takeover point must be, that is, the larger p muss must be, and the smaller the clamping force p₁₂ must be.

The more dirty the fibers are, the more important it is to achieve the highest possible fiber resolution in the pre-drawn cotton wool in cleaning stage 2.

Cleaning stage 3 (centrifugation, separation stage) :

The teeth of the opening roller guide the pre-drawn cotton to and through the cleaning stage 3. It is centrifuged, that is, it is expanded radially and, above all, large, heavy dirt particles are moved radially outwards. During this centrifuging or spinning process, the cotton is deflected inwards against the centrifugal force or centrifugal force by means which restrict its radial expansion (guide elements). This deflection causes an additional accumulation of dirt particles in the outer surface layer of the cotton wool. A stretch follows this stretch of line with radial limitation Section without radial limitation, on which loose dirt particles can move away from the cotton surface, trapped and adhering particles can move beyond the cotton surface. This is followed by a separating blade in the direction of transport, under which the wadding is carried out in such a way that its outermost layer, most enriched with dirt particles, is separated.

The sequence of inward deflection, separation over a stretch section without radial limitation and effective separation on the separating blade is repeated 2 to 3 times within the cleaning stage.

The cleaning parameters of this cleaning level are:
p₅ amount of deflection towards the inside (radial position of the guide elements)
p₆ length of the section without radial restriction (distance between one guide element and the following separating blade)
p₇ Radial position of the cutting blade

The strength of the deflection towards the inside p₅ determines how much (in addition to the effect of the centrifugal force) dirt particles accumulate in the outer surface of the cotton wool, but at the same time it also determines how strongly the cotton wool is compressed radially. Since the dirt particles can be removed less easily from a more compressed cotton wool, the deflection towards the inside can only be strong if, at the same time, a long section without radial limitation p₆ (see below) ensures that the cotton wool is separated from the separation blade before it is separated Has enough time to expand radially again. p₅ can be selected the higher, the thinner the cotton emerging from cleaning stage 2.

The length of the route section without radial limitation p Begrenz determines how much the cotton wool and the dirt particles are separated radially. For the following effective separation on the separating blade, it is advantageous if the previous separation is as large as possible. However, since trapped and adhering dirt particles tear fibers out of the flake with a large separation, an excessive separation must be avoided. An optimal setting of the length of the second section of the route means that loose dirt particles separate completely from the flake, while adhering and trapped particles are only driven straight over the surface of the flake. This optimal setting primarily depends on the thickness and compression of the cotton. The thinner and less compressed the cotton is, the shorter the route section should be.

The radial position of the separating blade p₇ determines where to separate between the cotton wool and the amount of dirt. With an optimal setting, the separating blade will move precisely over the cotton wool surface, thus separating the already free dirt particles purely spatially and the dirt particles adhering to the flake surface by mechanical action. If the blade position is too high, too little dirt particles are removed, if it is too deep, too many fibers are torn from the flake and removed with the dirt particles. The optimal setting of the radial position of the separating blade depends on the cotton wool carried out under the blade, so it must above all be precisely matched to the two other cleaning parameters p₅ and p₆ of this cleaning level.

Cleaning level 4 (parallelization by cards, resolution level) :

In cleaning stage 4, the pre-drawn and centrifuged cotton is pulled through the teeth of the opening roller under a carding plate. The fibers are essentially parallelized and rubbed against each other at the same time. Trapped dirt particles are released by the parallelization, adhering dirt particles are detached from the fibers by rubbing. The flakes and the dirt particles are taken to the next cleaning stage.

Carding stage cleaning parameters are:
p₈ The depth of penetration of the card clothing (e.g. needles or teeth) into the fiber layer
p₉ gradient of the carding intensity

The depth of penetration of the card clothing p₈ must first and foremost correspond to the thickness of the cotton fed into the carding stage, that is, it depends primarily on the cleaning parameters p₃, p₅, p₆ and p₇ of cleaning level 3. In addition, the depth of penetration of the card clothing p bestimmt in determines the cotton the achievable degree of parallelization and thus the degree of separation between fibers and dirt particles. The deeper the clothing penetrates, the higher the degree of parallelization and cleaning, but also the higher the stress on the fibers. The optimal setting of the parameter p₈ thus also depends on the characteristics of the fiber provenance, on the speed of the opening roller p₃ and on the parallelism of the fibers achieved up to that point. The longer the fibers, the smaller the fiber strength, the greater the speed of the opening roller and the less parallel the fibers are at the entrance to the carding stage, the less intensive carding can be without stressing the fibers excessively, i.e. the greater the distance between the carding plate and the opening roller.

The degree of parallelization and opening that can be achieved at this stage can be improved if the depth of penetration of the card clothing is increased as the card progresses. The intensity of the carding p₉ is thus continuously increased so that the carding with increasing degree of parallelization is always carried out with the maximum permissible stress on the fibers. The optimal setting of the gradient of the carding intensity depends on the same parameters as the setting of the depth of penetration of the card clothing p₈.

Cleaning stage 5 (relocation and separation stage) :

From the takeover point, where the fiber wadding is taken over by the teeth of the opening roller, it is moved through the individual cleaning stages as described by the movement of these teeth. The degree of parallelism and the degree of soiling of the fiber material change, as previously described, especially in the zones of the cotton wool that are further away from the opening roller and between the teeth. Close to the surface of the opening roller and where the teeth carry the fiber material changes less, because the fibers are pressed against the teeth by the pull. It can now be seen that the cleaning effect of the cleaning process is improved if a rearrangement step is carried out at a point between other cleaning steps, in which the arrangement of the fibers is changed in particular in relation to the teeth that transport them. This is achieved by aerodynamic forces that move the cotton against the teeth in a very limited local area and immediately away from the teeth while they are on the teeth opposite side is braked. This loosens the connections between the cotton wool and teeth and individual cotton parts that are being braked can be overtaken by other cotton parts so that a general rearrangement takes place. Immediately after the relocation, a guide plate must be used to ensure that the fibers, which are only partially held by the teeth of the opening roller due to the relocation, are driven against the teeth again and are not thrown by the opening roller by centrifugal force. The aerodynamic forces are generated by blowing air in and out, the braking effect by mechanical braking on a braking surface. If more air is sucked out than blown in, dirt particles can also be sucked out during the transfer, so that the transfer step also represents a separation step.

Cleaning parameters of the relocation level are:
p₁₃ aerodynamic force against the opening roller,
p₁₄ aerodynamic force away from the opening roller
P₁₅ braking effect.

The three cleaning parameters p₁₃, p₁₄ and p₁₅ must be matched to one another such that the improvement in the cleaning effect of the cleaning stages following the rearrangement stage is highly possible, but that the parallelization of the fibers achieved up to that point is only lost to a tolerable extent by the rearrangement.

Cleaning stage 6 (centrifugation, separation stage) :

Cleaning level 6 corresponds exactly to cleaning level 3 in its cleaning function and in its cleaning parameters.

The cleaning parameters in this cleaning level should be set so that the cleaning is slightly more aggressive than in cleaning level 3, because it is important to separate the heavy dirt particles, also at the risk of fibers being entrained. Heavy dirt particles that are not separated in this cleaning stage will leave the fine cleaning with the cleaned fibers.

Cleaning stage 7 (sieving, separation stage) : In the cleaning stage 7, the cotton is passed past another separation device, by means of which fiber dust, which may have formed through the fiber processing, is removed. The separating device can consist of a grate, a sieve or a slotted plate, which is advantageously subjected to vibration with a small amplitude. This deflection from the rest position can be generated positively or can result from the air flow as a membrane vibration. In the present example, the fiber material is briefly sucked onto a sieve, from which it is held back, while small, loose dirt particles in particular can pass through the sieve. The vibrating pad causes the fiber layer to be loosened and transported in the conveying direction before the fibers are briefly sucked in again. In this way, the long fibers are separated from dust and possible fiber fragments.

Cleaning parameters of this cleaning level are:
P₁₀ air flow through the separating element,
P₁₁ vibration (amplitude and frequency)

As in cleaning stage 1, the air throughput through the separating element is optimally adjusted if as much dust and dirt as possible but as few fibers as possible are extracted. The conveying effect due to the "membrane vibration" is usually sufficient, so that in most cases no forced vibration is necessary. If such a device is present, however, it is operated with the parameter values p 1, which are set so that the conveyance of the fiber material along the exit shaft is sufficient.

Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the device for the cleaning stage 1. The inlet consists of a channel 21 through which outside air and fed-in flakes are sucked in. The material flow W is supported by the rotation of a blind drum 22 and the rotation of a sieve drum 23. The air is sucked out through the sieve drum 23. The cotton wool forming on the sieve drum 23 moves with the sieve surface and is fed from there to the cleaning stage 2.

The speed of the air flow p₂ is set via the power of the suction.

Variants of the embodiment described above are:
- The inlet does not contain a blind drum 22.
- The function of the screen drum 23 is taken over by a stationary screen.
- The air is extracted only through a limited sector of the sieve drum 23.
- Air is blown against the cotton wool through the sieve drum sector, from which the cotton wool is detached, in order to facilitate detachment.

Fig. 3.1 shows an embodiment of the device for cleaning stage 2, namely a variant with adjustable distance between the clamping point and transfer point p₄, but not adjustable clamping force. The cotton wool W detaching from the sieve drum 23 of the inlet is guided by a take-off roller 31 and then by a feed roller 32 into the converging gap between the feed roller 32 and a feed trough 34. The point between the feed roller 32 and the outlet edge 33 of the feed trough 34, ie the narrowest point of the clamping gap is called the clamping point. The toothed feed roller 32 conveys the cotton through the nip and through the nip to the takeover point on the opening roller 24 (also called opening roller or opening roller), ie up to where the cotton is gripped by the teeth 24.1 of the opening roller 24, and in the form of a pre-drawn cotton wool is transported further. The direction of rotation of the feed roller 32 and the opening roller 24 are such that the cotton wool does not have to change its direction when it is taken over by the opening roller 24, which is called synchronous feeding (if the direction of rotation of the opening roller 24 were to take place in the other direction, the feed device from would remain the same speak a counter-current feed).

The feed trough 34 can be moved relative to the feed roller 32 in such a way that it can be pivoted in a guide about the axis of rotation of the feed roller 32 when the feed roller 32 is in its normal working position or when the rest position is set to the feed trough. This guide is explained in more detail with Fig. 3.2 described later. As a result, the distance between the terminal point and the takeover point p₄ becomes a variable machine parameter that can be set from the outside.

The feed roller 32 is in turn pivotable about the axis of rotation of the opening roller 24, which in turn is stationary. As a result, the distance between the feed roller 32 and the feed trough 34, that is to say the clamping gap including the clamping point, can be changed. This pivotability is supported on a compression spring 35 between a pivot arm 36 and a pivot lever 37, on which the feed roller 32 can be deflected from its working position, so that the clamping gap against the spring force can be widened compared to its minimum width. This widening of the clamping gap by deflecting the feed roller 32 serves on the one hand for the initial insertion of the cotton wool, in order to be able to widen the gap between the feed roller 32 and the food trough 34, and on the other hand to prevent a change in thickness in the cotton wool this is torn off the opening roller by a sudden increase in the clamping force in the nip. The clamping force is determined by the spring constant of the spring 35.

Variants of the embodiment described above are:
the removal roller 31 is absent (especially in combination with the variant of the inlet in which the cotton is blown away from the sieve drum on a sector of the sieve drum 23),
- Instead of the sprung pivotability of the feed roller 32, a spring-loaded, adjustable connection between the feed roller 32 and the feed trough 34 is provided (described later with FIG. 3.3).

Fig. 3.2 shows an embodiment of the device for cleaning stage 2 with adjustable distance between the clamping point and takeover point p₄ and adjustable clamping force p₁₂. A spring housing 100, which serves to receive a compression spring 101, is fastened to a pivot lever 37 which is pivotally attached to the pivot arm 36. A pressure piston 102, which presses against the compression spring 101 and which is fastened to the free end of the piston rod 103, projects into the spring housing 100. The piston rod 103 is part of a pressure cylinder 104, which in turn is pivotally attached to a stationary support 106 by means of a pivot pin 105. The pressure cylinder 104 is supplied with pressure via a pressure control valve 109 and a pressure line 107, which pressure is emitted from a pressure medium source 110.

The pressure control valve 109 can be set to a desired pressure in the pressure line 107 by means of a pressure setting element 111 (symbolically represented by an arrow), which can be read off by means of a pressure gauge 108 connected to this line. The pressure setting element 111 can either be a manually operated rotary knob or the pressure control valve 109 can be designed in such a way that the pressure setting element 111 can be remotely controlled (not shown) and, if appropriate, automatically set by a control system (not shown).

With the help of such an arrangement, the compression spring 101 can be biased to a greater or lesser extent, so that the clamping force p 1 2 acting on the fiber wadding W at the narrowest point between the feed trough 34 and the feed roller 32 (nip) is matched to the properties of the fibers to be cleaned , can be set.

The pivoting of the feed trough 34 mentioned in connection with FIG. 3.1 is shown at least schematically in the variant shown in FIG. 3.2 with the aid of the guide track 112 and the guide bolts 113 and 114, in that the guide bolts 113 and 114 are embedded in a stationary housing part 116, so that the feed trough 34 can be pivoted about the axis of rotation of the feed roller in the context of the guide track 112 and the position of the guide bolts 113 and 114 according to the arrow directions 117. To fix the feed trough 34, a fixing screw 115 is inserted in the guide pin 114, which presses on the feed trough 34.

The stationary housing part 116 is, as indicated by the dashed lines, inserted in a recess (groove) of the feed trough 34 such that the feed trough 34 is guided in both directions in the direction perpendicular to the paper plane of the figure.

The feed trough 34 is moved manually, but a possibility can also be provided to move it remotely (not shown).

Otherwise , the parts already described with Fig. 3.1 are provided with the same reference numerals and are no longer mentioned.

FIG. 3.3 shows a variant of FIG. 3.2 according to the invention in that a trough plate 120 (also called a trough) is pivotably mounted on a support 122 by means of a pivot pin 121. The carrier 122, in turn, is guided by means of a guide track 123 and guide bolts 124 and 125 such that the carrier 122 together with the trough plate 120 can be pivoted about the axis of rotation of the feed roller 32 in accordance with the arrow directions 139. The guide bolts 124 and 125 are embedded in a support 127, which is also a guide for the carrier 122 in the direction perpendicular to the paper plane of the figure. It should be noted that there is an upper and lower support (seen with a view of FIG. 3.3), one above the support 127 and the other below (not shown). Both supports 122 each rest on the corresponding surface of the support 127, so that the support 122 together with the trough plate 120 is guided in both directions in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper. To fix the position with respect to the pivoting movement according to arrow 139, the carrier 122 can be fixed by means of a fixing screw 126 which is embedded in the support 127. The support 127 is an integral part of a stationary machine part 128.

A pressure cylinder 129 is attached to each carrier 122, the piston rod 130 of which is provided with a pressure piston 131, which presses on a compression spring 132, which in turn is guided in a spring housing 133, which in turn is attached to the trough plate 120. The pressure cylinder 129 is via a pressure control valve 136 and a pressure line 134 charged with pressure so that the pressure piston 131 can compress the spring 132. The desired pressure is set in an analogous manner, as described for the valve 109 of FIG. 3.2, by means of a pressure setting element 137 to a pressure which can be read off by means of the pressure gauge 135. The pressure control valve 136 is fed by a pressure medium source 138.

In this variant, shown in Fig. 3.3, the axis of rotation of the feed roller 32 is arranged stationary in the machine housing. In contrast to the device of FIG. 3.2, in which the width of the clamping gap was varied by pivoting the feed roller, the width of the clamping point is set here by pivoting the trough plate 120 around the pivot pin 121. The adjustability achieved is the same in both cases. The advantage of the variant according to FIG. 3.3 is that only one element, namely the trough plate 120, has to be pivoted in a double sense and the drive shaft of the feed roller 32 can be stored in stationary bearings.

4.1 shows an embodiment of the device for cleaning stages 3 and 6 with all its components. It is an embodiment with two separating blades and three guide elements.

On the extreme circumference of an opening roller 24 with a toothed surface 24.1, the so-called impact circle S, the fiber wadding to be cleaned is moved in the direction of the bold arrows through the cleaning stage. In the direction of transport, the wadding that was exposed to the centrifugal force before this cleaning stage and in which it is the dirt particles have concentrated in the outer zone, first carried out under a guide element 410.1. The guide element protrudes into the transport path and deflects the cotton towards the inside, that is, against the centrifugal force, and thereby reinforces the radial separation of the cotton into dirt and fibers. A separating blade 49.1 follows the guide element in the transport direction of the fibers. The cotton wool is passed under this separating blade and thereby separated into a fiber and a dirt fraction. The separating blade 49.1 is followed in the transport direction by a second guide element 410.2, a second separating blade 49.2 and then a third guide element 410.3.

The following sizes can be set so that the group of guide elements and separating blades for fibers of different provenances or provenance mixtures can be set:
- The distance p₇ between the separating blades 49.1 and 49.2 and the impact circle S, - The distance p₅ between the guide elements 410.1, 410.2 and 410.3 and the impact circle S, - The distance p₆ each between a guide element 410.1 and. 410.2 and a separating blade 49.1 respectively. 49.2.

4.1 also shows three levers 42, 44 and 46, by means of which the three distances can be set by means of a motor drive. If the lever 42 is moved around a pivot point B, as shown in dash-dotted lines in the diagram, the entire device moves away from the impact circle, that is to say p₇ and p₅ become equally large ser. The drawn position of the lever 42 and the separating blades 49.1 and 49.2 is the position closest to the impact circle.

If the lever 44 is moved around a pivot point C, as indicated by dash-dotted lines in the figure, the guide elements 410.1, 410.2 and 410.3 move away from the impact circle, while the separating blades 49.1 and 49.2 maintain their position, that is to say p₅ becomes larger, while p₇ remains the same. The drawn position of the lever 44 and the guide elements 410.1, 410.2 and 410.3 is the position closest to the impact circle relative to the separating blades.

When lever 46 is moved around a pivot point G, as indicated by dash-dotted lines in the figure, all guide elements 410.1, 410.2 and 410.3 move in the transport direction of the cotton wool without it or the separating blades 49.1 and 49.2 having their radial position relative to the impact circle S. change. In other words, the guide elements 410.1 rsp. 410.2 move against the cutting blades 49.1 rsp. 49.2 and thus p₆ becomes smaller. In the drawn position of lever 46, guide elements 410.1, 410.2 and 410.3 and separating blades 49.1 and 49.2, p₆ has the greatest possible value.

Design variants for the exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention, which is shown in FIG. 4.1, can consist in that
the first guide element 410.1 is missing,
- Behind the third guide element 410.3 there follows a third separating blade, that is to say that the separating device consists of three pairs of one guide element and one separating blade each
- The entire cleaning stage consists of more than three pairs of a separating blade and a guide element.

4.2 shows the device for cleaning stages 3 and 6 from a viewing direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the opening roller 24. From this it can be seen how the device according to the invention is arranged on the end face of the opening roller.

The end face of the opening roller is covered by a shield 411. The lever mechanism required for actuating the setting of guide elements and separating blades, which will be described in more detail with reference to the following figures, is attached to the side of the shield 411 facing away from the opening roller. The separating blades 49.1 and 49.2 and the guide elements 410.1, 410.2 and 410.3 extend parallel to the axis of the opening roller 24 over their entire length. Neither separating blades nor guide elements are visible in Figure 4.2. However, the three pairs of bolts L1 / M1, L2 / M2 and L3 / M3 are visible, which establish the connection between the lever mechanism and the guide elements 410.1, 410.2 and 410.3. Also visible are the two pairs of bolts J1 / K1 and J2 / K2, which connect the lever mechanism with the separating blades 49.1 and 49.2.

The bolts L1 / M1, L2 / M2, L3 / M3 and J1 / K1, J2 / K2, as well as B, C, G, I, H and E are generally shown in the figures by dash-dotted lines.

On the opposite end of the opening roller, a lever mechanism corresponding to the lever mechanism shown in FIG. 4.2 is attached.

The lever mechanism is composed of three sub-devices, each for setting a cleaning parameter p₅, p₆ or. p₇. The part device for the radial adjustment of the whole device (p (and p₅ together) includes the lever 42 and a plate 43 on which all other parts of the device are mounted. In addition to the lever 44, the intermediate device 45 for adjusting the radial position of the guide elements 410.1, 410.2 and 410.3 (only p₅) includes an intermediate lever 45 and a transverse lever 48. The partial device for adjusting the distance between the guide elements and separating blades (p₆) includes the lever 46 a cross lever 47.

Fig. 4.3 shows the sub-device for adjusting the distance between the entire device and the impact circle S (setting p₇ and p₅ together). The bolt pairs J1 / K1 and J2 / K2, which rigidly connect the plate 43 with the separating blades 49.1 and 49.2, run in the shield 411 in guides Z (see also FIGS. 4.1 and 4.2), which lead to the radius running through the center of the plate 43 the opening roller 24 run parallel. Bolt C is rotatably mounted on plate 43 and connects it to lever 42. When lever 42 is pivoted about bolt B rotatably mounted on plate 411, plate 43 moves in the above-mentioned guides. The translation of the bolt C with respect to the lever 42 which occurs during such a movement takes place along the corresponding slot Q in the lever 42. The plates move with the plate two separating blades 49.1 rsp. 49.2 and the guide elements 410.1, 410.2 and 410.3 in the radial direction to the opening roller 24.

Fig. 4.4 shows the sub-device for setting the distance between the guide elements 410.1, 410.2 and 410.3 and the impact circle S (setting p Einstellung). This distance is primarily given by the position of the plate 43 relative to the impact circle S, but can still be increased independently of this position. The guide elements 410.1, 410.2 and 410.3 are coupled to the cross lever 48 by the bolt pairs L1 / M1, L2 / M2 and L3 / M3. The cross lever 48 is in turn coupled to the intermediate lever 45 by the bolt I. The intermediate lever 45 is pivotally connected to the lever 44 by the bolt G. When the lever 44 is pivoted about the pin C rotatably mounted on the plate 43, the pin G, which has a corresponding guide in the plate 43 (visible in FIG. 4.3), moves and pulls the intermediate lever 45 with it, a pin E, which is fixedly connected to the intermediate lever 45, is guided in a guide R which runs radially to the opening roller (visible in FIG. 4.3) in the plate 43 and the bolt I pulls the transverse lever 48 with it. Since the cross lever 48 is connected to the guide elements 410.1, 410.2 and 410.3 via the bolt pairs L1 / M1, L2 / M2 and L3 / M3, these move, apart from the negligible pivoting movement of the intermediate lever 45, parallel to that through the center of the plate 43 current radius of the opening roller 24.

Fig. 4.5 shows the sub-device for adjusting the distance between each guide element 410.1 rsp. 410.2 and a separating blade 49.1 rsp. 49.2 (setting of p₆). The bolt pairs L1 / M1 rsp. L2 / M2 (and also L3 / M3) connect the guide elements 410.1 rsp. 410.2 (and also 410.3) also with the cross lever 47. However, the cross lever 47 does not follow the movement which is triggered by the lever 44 (see FIG. 4.4), since the bolts L1, M1, L2, M2, L3 and M3 are in the corresponding radial slots U. M1, U.L1, U.M2, U.L2, U.M3, U.L3 slide in the cross lever 47. Cross lever 47 is connected by bolt I to lever 46 which is pivotable about bolt G. If lever 46 is pivoted about bolt G, bolt I moves in its guide V on intermediate lever 45 on a concentric circle to impact circle S. Bolts G and E slide in corresponding slots in plate 43 (visible in FIG. 4.3). The cross lever 47 follows the movement and is guided by the bolt H in the corresponding slot T in the plate 43. The guide elements 410.1 rsp. 410.2 (and 410.3) are thus on a circle concentric to the circumference of the opening roller 24 in the direction against the corresponding separating blades 49.1 rsp. 49.2 postponed. Her radial position is not changed relative to the opening roller 24 and relative to the separating blades 49.1 and 49.2.

With the figures 4.6, 4.7 and 4.8 no functions are shown anymore, but only an assembly instruction how the lever mechanism is assembled.

Fig. 4.6 shows the plate 43, the lever 42 with the bolt B and the intermediate lever 45 and the pairs of bolts L1 / M1, L2 / M2 and L3 / M3, which push through the plate 43 and the shield 411, the places where the Bolt pairs J1 / K1 and J2 / K2 are fastened on the side of the plate 43 facing away from the lever mechanism, the bolt C, which is rotatably mounted in the plate 43, the bolts G, E and H, which in corresponding guides in the plate 43 and the bolt I, which is rotatably mounted in the intermediate lever 45.

4.7 shows, in addition to the parts of the lever mechanism that have already been mentioned in connection with FIG. 4.6, the lever 46 and the transverse lever 47.

4.8 shows, in addition to the parts of the lever mechanism that have already been mentioned in connection with FIGS. 4.6 and 4.7, the transverse lever 48 and the lever 44.

5 shows an embodiment of the device for cleaning stage 4, a carding plate 51.

The depth of penetration of the card clothing 52 into the wadding (cleaning parameter p₈) is set by varying the distance between the carding plate 51 and the opening roller 24, by moving on the radius extension of the opening roller 24. The gradient of the carding intensity (cleaning parameter p₉) is set by rotating the whole Carding plate 51 around the fulcrum A. This makes the passage gap (wedge-shaped) divergent or convergent in the running direction

As a variant, the front edge 51.1 of the carding plate 51 can be designed as a separating blade and, in connection with the preceding cleaning stage (group of guide elements and separating blades), can assume the role of a third separating blade.

6.1 (a and b) schematically show two embodiments of the device for the rearrangement stage (cleaning stage 5). The figures show a section of the opening roller 24, cut perpendicular to its axis, with teeth 24.1. On the side of the fiber wadding opposite the teeth 24.1, the device for the rearrangement step 620.1 rsp. 620.2 attached. It has a slot-shaped nozzle 622.1 rsp, which runs parallel to the axis of the opening roller. 622.2 and a brake plate 623.1 arranged in the direction of transport of the fiber wadding immediately behind the nozzle. 623.2 and a baffle 630.1 rsp. 630.2, which also each extend over the entire width of the opening roller 24.

The nozzle 622.1 rsp is used for the first phase of the rearrangement. 622.2, through which air is blown against the teeth 24.1. The nozzle 622.1 rsp. For this purpose, 622.2 is connected over its entire length, for example, to an air supply duct 621, which is to be described in more detail in connection with FIGS. 6.2 and 6.3. Figures 6.1a and 6.1b show the nozzle 622 in two possible embodiments: the nozzle 622.1 is designed such that it generates an air jet which forms an acute angle with the transport direction (FIG. 6.1a), while the air jet from the nozzle 622.2 is directed perpendicularly to the surface of the opening roller 24 (FIG. 6.1b). However, it can be seen that the different angle between the air jet from the nozzles 622.1 rsp. 622.2 and the general direction of transport has no significant influence on the functioning of the relocation.

For the second phase of the method, that is to say the movement of the fiber material away from the transport means and its braking on the opposite side, immediately after the nozzle 622.1 rsp. 622.2 a brake plate 623.1 rsp. 623.2 with a braking surface facing the transport stream 612.1 rsp. 612.2 attached such that the surface of the opening roller 24 and the braking surfaces 612 together form a channel, preferably with a constant width in the transport direction. In the embodiment of FIG. 6.1a, the brake plate 623.1 is perforated, for example perforated, and is arranged above a suction channel 624, so that air can be sucked out through the holes, as a result of which the aerodynamic force is generated against the braking surface 612.1. The suction channel 624 extends under the brake plate 623.1 over the entire width of the transport roller and is described in more detail in connection with FIGS. 6.2 and 6.3. The ratio of the air blown through the nozzle 622.1 and extracted by the brake plate 623.1 is an adjustable variable of the relocation point. More or less air can be blown in than extracted or the same amount. If more air is sucked out, a negative pressure is created above the braking surface 612.1 and dirt particles are also sucked in through the holes in the brake plate 623.1, which means that in this case the relocation point also performs a cleaning function in addition to its relocation function.

The embodiment variant of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 6.1b does not have a perforated, but a continuous brake plate 623.2. In this case, the aerodynamic force directed against the braking surface 612.2 is generated only by the air from the nozzle 622.2 reflected by the surface of the opening roller 24 and above all by the teeth 24.1.

Variants of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 6.1 and 6.2 consist of:
that the embodiment variants of the nozzles 622 and the brake plates 623 shown in FIGS. 6.1a and 6.1b are combined differently with one another,
- That the baffle 630 is missing (for embodiments whose first element of the subsequent cleaning stage is a baffle).

Braking on the braking surface 612 is brought about by friction between the fiber material and the braking surface and is supported by the perforations in the brake plate 623.1 or by special surface design of a continuous brake plate 623.2, for example with grooves running perpendicular to the general direction of transport. Special precautions are advantageous so that the braking effect at the holes is not too great, such that the fibers are not only braked but held in place. Appropriate processing of the material must ensure, for example, that the hole edges on both sides of the brake plate 623.1 are absolutely free of brow.

FIG. 6.2 shows top views of embodiments of the device for the rearrangement stage according to FIGS. 6.1a and 6.1b, but without guide plate 630. They are directed perpendicular to the axis of the opening roller 24 and against the exit of the rearrangement point. The direction of rotation of the opening roller 24 is indicated by a vertical arrow on the visible side of the roller. FIG. 6.2a shows the embodiment with broken brake plate 623.1 and suction channel 624 (according to FIG. 6.1a). shown. In order to generate a constant volume flow of air through the brake plate 623.1 over the entire width of the opening roller, the suction channel 624 is designed against the one end face of the opening roller with a cross-section that increases uniformly or in steps. Corresponding designs of air extraction ducts are known from European Patent No. 0 070 377 by the same applicant. On the front side, on which the cross section is large, the suction channel 624 is connected to a suction unit (not shown), on the other front side it can have a false air opening 640, which can be provided with an adjustable throttle 641. Enough purge air is let in through this false air opening so that any dirt that is sucked in is transported out of the suction channel 624 without being separated out. In the figure behind the suction duct 624, the air supply duct 621 is shown with the slot-shaped nozzle 622.1. The air supply duct 621 is also connected to a corresponding fan or the like (not shown) on one end face of the opening roller 24. The cross section of the air supply duct 621 also increases over the width of the transport roller against the connection to the fan, so that the wind speed out of the nozzle 622.1 away from the fan remains essentially the same despite the ever smaller amount of wind. A variant of this would be to make the wind tunnel so spacious that it has a wind chamber characteristic, so that the air speed from the nozzle 622.1, which is very narrow relative to the feed channel, is constant over the entire length of this nozzle. There are also variants for air supply and suction ducts in that only sections are supplied or discharged from branch ducts, the branch ducts opening into a collecting duct widening towards the connected end. However, such an embodiment appears to be disadvantageous especially for use in a fine cleaning machine because of its large space requirement.

FIG. 6.2b shows, as the same top view as FIG. 6.2a, that embodiment of the device for the rearrangement stage that has an uninterrupted brake plate 623.2 and therefore no suction channel but only one air supply channel 621. Everything that has been said for this air supply duct in connection with FIG. 6.2a also applies to this embodiment.

FIG. 6.3 now shows in detail a top view of a device according to the invention cut in the region of the front side of the opening roller facing away from the connections, seen parallel to the axis of the opening roller. The opening roller itself is not shown, the general direction of the fiber flow is indicated by a long arrow. The device again has an air supply duct 621 with a slot-shaped nozzle 622.1 and a suction duct 624 which is closed off by the perforated brake plate 623.1. Both channels have a cross section that increases in size towards the end face of the transport roller. Furthermore, means 650.1 and 650.2 are also shown in this figure, with which the two partial devices for the two process phases are fastened to one another and to the machine frame.

Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of the device for cleaning stage 7, the exit of the cotton from the fine cleaning machine. In this cleaning stage, fiber fragments (mainly dust) are removed from the cotton wool before it reaches the card, for example. The screening effect is achieved by a separating element 61, on which the cotton is driven on by its own movement. Two variants appear in the drawing: the separating element 61.1, which delimit the channel 62 de sieve perforated plate, with a suction channel 63.1 or the separating element 61.2, a sieve perforated plate which also delimits the channel 62, but which opens into the feed drum 23 and has a suction channel 63.2 arranged there. A delimitation is drawn in dashed lines, which of course is not adequately shaped in terms of flow technology, as shown here. It is only intended to show that various embodiments ultimately find the aim of the method according to the invention, the difference being, for example, the energy to be used for the process.

8 finally shows an overview of the entire machine with all the cleaning devices that can be arranged in this fine cleaning machine, for example. In addition to the individual cleaning levels 1 to 7 (numbers enclosed in a ring), there is also a reference to the corresponding figures.

Also shown is a schematically illustrated device for expelling the collected dirt particles from cleaning stages 3, 5 and 6, which is arranged in the direction of gravity at the bottom of the machine. For disposal of the outlet, reference is made to the Swiss patent application No. 2613/89, the content of which is assumed to be known. The device claimed in the abovementioned patent application for ejecting the fiber outlet from a fiber cleaning machine is equipped with means which make it possible to continuously obtain a layer of outlet in a catch basin which serves as a lock layer between the machine interior and the exterior. This sluice layer prevents the aerodynamic cleaning process from being disturbed by incorrect air from the ejection device.

An embodiment variant of the ejection, which is effectively depicted in FIG. 8, consists in that the collected dirt particles are ejected from the cleaning system with a constantly running lock roller 72 and then suctioned off. So that no false air can get into the cleaning system from the suction of the dirt particles, the suction is arranged perpendicular to the direction of ejection of the lock roller 72.

The various drums and rollers are driven by 3 primary drives 73. The main motor 73.1 is provided with a frequency converter and drives the opening roller 24. The second motor 73.2, also with a frequency converter, drives the screening drum 23, the blind drum 22, the take-off roller 31 and the feed roller 32. The speeds of the two motors can be set independently of one another, in other words, the ratio of the peripheral speeds of the rollers driven by the second motor remains constant, but the ratio of the peripheral speeds of these rollers to the peripheral speed of the opening roller 24 is variable. The third motor, which is not shown in FIG. 8, drives the lock roller 72.

Possible variants of the fine cleaning machine shown in FIG. 8 are that the cleaning stages 3, 4, 5 and 6 are not arranged in the order shown in the transport direction of the cotton wool. For example, it is conceivable that the carding stage follows the relocation point, or is only arranged after the cleaning stage 6. The carding level can also be missing.

Claims (44)

1. A method for the fine cleaning of textile fibers in a cleaning machine with fiber wadding feed device and opening roller, characterized in that a fiber wadding by a fiber-dependent warping between a clamping point of the feed device, in which the fiber wadding is compressed and clamped with a clamping force, and a fiber takeover point at the Opening roller, on which the opening roller takes over the fibers, is brought into an essentially stretched fiber layer and then subjected to a centrifugal force and is then guided past separating blades while maintaining the centrifugal force in such a way that edge zone zones with contaminants enriched by warping and spinning are separated. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the warping process is dependent on the length of the fibers and / or on the fiber strength. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the fiber length and / or fiber strength-dependent warping process is achieved in that the fibers are pulled out at a distance adapted to the fiber length between the clamping point and the takeover point, the cotton wool and into a partially stretched fiber layer are transferred and / or the fibers are pulled out of the cotton wool with a clamping force adapted to the fiber strength and transferred into a partially stretched fiber layer. 4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the cotton is compressed by being guided through a compression trough tapering in the transport direction of the cotton and clamped at the exit of this compression tray, at which a clamping point is located. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the clamping force with which the cotton is clamped at the clamping point is dependent on the fiber strength. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the distance adapted to the fiber length is increased and decreased by moving the clamping point in relation to the transfer point of the cotton wool by the opening roller. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that after the fiber-dependent drafting process and before a separation process, the pre-drawn cotton (radially) is deflected against the direction of the centrifugal force (inwards). 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the deflection of the cotton against the direction of the centrifugal force is brought about by passing adjustable guide elements which are pushed into the transport path. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1, 7 or 8, characterized in that the separation process is effected by means of at least one adjustable blade by a blade position relating to the guide element lying in front of the blade in the transport direction of the cotton wool. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that two blades arranged in the transport direction after a guide element are set simultaneously in the control of the separation process by positioning separation blades. 11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a further process step, the pre-drawn cotton, exposed to the action of the centrifugal force, is carded to parallelize the fibers and is thereby retracted. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that fibers of the cotton wool are parallelized by retraction by means of a non-fiber length-dependent drafting process of the cotton wool. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the non-fiber length-dependent warping of the cotton is carried out by means of a carding element. 14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that edge surface zones of the re-drawn cotton wool are separated off with the contamination enriched by warping and spinning. 15. The method according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the cleaned cotton is passed in an additional, last process step of the cleaning process past a release agent, from which dust and fiber fragments are removed. 16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibers of the cotton are rearranged between two cleaning stages. 17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the rearrangement is carried out after the carding. 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the rearrangement is achieved by an aerodynamically caused force against the surface of the opening roller in a first rearrangement phase, and an aerodynamically caused force away from the opening roller in a second rearrangement phase immediately following the first rearrangement phase and by mechanically braking the cotton on the side facing away from the opening roller in the second rearrangement phase. 19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the aerodynamically induced force in the first rearrangement phase is generated by an air stream from a slot-shaped nozzle. 20. The method according to any one of claims 18 or 19, characterized in that the braking of the cotton in the second rearrangement phase by braking points or surfaces between the fibers and the device and the aerodynamically caused force in the second rearrangement phase by sucking air through openings in the immediate vicinity the braking points is generated. 21. Device for the fine cleaning of textile fibers (fiber cleaning machine) with means that produce cotton wool from the supplied fiber flakes, subsequent cotton feed means and, in connection with an opening roller (24), dissolving and separating means, characterized in that the feed means includes a clamping device one setting and ver contains sliding terminal from which the cotton is picked up by the opening roller (24) at a takeover point by plucking, and that in the direction of transport on the takeover point on the circumference of the opening roller (24) is followed by a release agent with an arrangement of separating blades (49.1, 49.2) . 22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the clamping device comprises a feed trough (34) or trough plate (120) interacting with a feed roller (32), and in that the outlet edge (33 or 33.1) of the feed trough (34) or trough plate ( 120) together with the feed roller (32) forms the nip. 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the clamping device has adjusting means (112, 113, 114, 115 or 123, 124, 125, 126) with which the feed trough (34) or trough plate (120) is parallel to the Rotation axis of the feed roller extending pivot axis can be pivoted. 24. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that the feed roller (32) is arranged to be pivotable about a pivot axis running parallel to the axis of rotation of the opening roller (24) and that this pivot arrangement is spring-mounted. 25. The device according to claim 24, characterized in that adjustable force means (103) act on the swivel arrangement, such that the force that the feed roller (32) can exert on the cotton is adjustable during operation. 26. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that on the trough plate (120) adjustable force means (130) act in a spring-loaded manner such that the force which the trough plate (120) can exert on the cotton is adjustable during operation. 27. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that the separating means comprises at least two separating blades (49.1, 49.2), that on the circumference of the opening roller (24) between or in front of and between the separating blades (49.1, 49.2) additionally adjustable guide elements (410.1, 410.2, 410.3) are attached, which deflect the cotton against the centrifugal force radially inwards, and that means are provided for adjusting the guide elements. 28. The apparatus according to claim 27, characterized in that the separating blades (49.1, 49.2) are adjustable radially to the circumference of the opening roller via a lever system. 29. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the guide elements (410.1, 410.2, 410.3) with the blades (49.1, 49.2) are connected such that they are displaced with a radial displacement of the blades (49.1, 49.2). 30. The device according to claim 29, characterized in that the guide elements (410.1, 410.2, 410.3) are connected to one another via a lever system such that their distance from the impact circle of the opening roller (24) is also independent of the position of the blades (49.1, 49.2 ) is adjustable during operation. 31. The device according to claim 30, characterized in that the guide elements (410.1, 410.2) can be moved via a further lever system such that their distance from the separating blade (49.1, 49.2) that follows is adjustable. 32. Device according to one of claims 21 to 31, characterized in that on the circumference of the opening roller (24) in the transport direction follows the arrangement of separating blades, a further resolution step in the form of a carding plate (51). 33. Device according to claim 32, characterized in that the front edge (51.1) of the carding plate (51) is designed as a further separating blade. 34. Device according to claim 32 or 33, characterized in that the distance between the carding plate (51) and the impact circle of the opening roller (24) is adjustable. 35. Device according to one of claims 32 to 34, characterized in that the carding plate (51) is rotatable about an axis of rotation (A), so that the opening position of the carding plate (51) relative to the opening roller (24) can be varied, thereby creating a more or less convergent or divergent gap between the opening roller (24) and carding plate (51) can be set. 36. Device according to one of claims 21 to 35, characterized in that a rearrangement point follows on the circumference of the opening roller (24) in the transport direction on the carding plate (51). 37. Device according to claim 36, characterized in that the rearrangement point has a slot-shaped nozzle (622) and a braking surface (612). 38. Device according to claim 37, characterized in that the slot-shaped nozzle is directed against the circumference of the opening roller (24) and is connected to an air supply channel (621). 39. Device according to one of claims 37 or 38, characterized in that the braking surface (612) is perforated and that the openings are connected to a suction channel (624). 40. Device according to one of claims 21 to 39, characterized in that a further arrangement of separating blades and guide elements is attached as the last separation stage on the circumference of the opening roller (24). 41. Device according to one of claims 21 to 40, characterized in that the device (72) for ejecting the outlet consists of a constantly running lock wheel and a periodically active suction directed parallel to the axis of the lock wheel. 42. Device according to one of claims 21 to 41, characterized in that the cleaning stage (7) comprises a suction channel (63.1) through which the air is extracted. 43. Device according to one of claims 21 to 42, characterized in that in the cleaning stage (7) in the suction direction behind the perforated plate (61.1) partition walls are arranged such that the air in a sector of the sieve drum (23) of the cleaning stage (1) can be suctioned off. 44. Device according to one of claims 21 to 43, characterized in that it contains vibration-exciting means which enable forced vibration of the perforated plate (61.1) of the cleaning stage (7).

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