EP0419335A1 - Abstimmverfahren und Mittel zu seiner Durchführung - Google Patents

Abstimmverfahren und Mittel zu seiner Durchführung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0419335A1
EP0419335A1 EP90402554A EP90402554A EP0419335A1 EP 0419335 A1 EP0419335 A1 EP 0419335A1 EP 90402554 A EP90402554 A EP 90402554A EP 90402554 A EP90402554 A EP 90402554A EP 0419335 A1 EP0419335 A1 EP 0419335A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voting
vote
card
phase
voter
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP90402554A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0419335B1 (de
Inventor
Michel Feterman
Alain Marchadier
Fabrice Terray
Jean-Claude Kourganoff
Vincent Joly
Dominique Bouyol
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KOURGANOFF, JEAN-CLAUDE
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OCTO
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C13/00—Voting apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new method of voting and relates to the means allowing the implementation of this new method.
  • US Pat. No. 4,373,134 describes a method making use of a voting card of the smart card or microprocessor card type and contains identification data and areas for storing voting rights, or voting zones, likely to be activated, to be identified and to allow the validation of a vote and the neutralization of the zone concerned.
  • the card used contains voter identification data and is personal to each voter.
  • the present invention makes it possible to satisfy all the requirements described above that a democratic vote implies and, moreover, to obviate the drawbacks of the systems used until now while having the advantage of not confusing the voter. accustomed to a certain course of the electoral mode on the one hand, and on the other hand to allow counting operations and their verification in conditions of reliability and secrecy that these operations require.
  • the subject of the present invention is a voting card, of the chip card or microprocessor card type, which contains one or more zones capable of receiving during an initialization phase identification data and one or more zones of storage of voting rights, or voting areas, which can be activated randomly, so that no identification between the voter and his vote can be made, to be identified and to allow validation of a vote and neutralization of the area concerned.
  • the present invention further relates to a voting method using a card of the aforementioned type, said method comprising . an initialization phase of the cards during which are entered, in the appropriate zones, the identification data of the polling station as well as of the vote or votes concerned, . a candidate selection phase, and validation of the choice made by the voter, in a randomly chosen storage area, and, . a phase of reading and recording by the electronic ballot box of the data or data validated in the storage area or areas, this or these storage areas being neutralized.
  • the voting card after the reading and neutralization phase is brought back to the initialization phase to be reused for a new voter.
  • the random choice of the storage area for the vote (s) is made during an activation phase.
  • the activation phase is carried out during the initialization phase.
  • the activation phase is carried out during the validation of the choice made by the voter.
  • the phase of choosing the candidate, and validating the choice made by the voter is carried out by the voter in a voting booth, his choice being validated in one or more zones (s) of storage, the data (s) thus validated being likely (s) to be read (s) by an electronic ballot box and recorded (s) at the same time as the said zone (s) storage is / are neutralized.
  • the activated storage area (s) can only be located and / or read over the transition time between the validation phase and the reading phase by the urn.
  • the voting card can be subjected to a verification count allowing a verification of the results of the ballot by comparison between the results of the electronic ballot box and those of the various cards used in the vote place.
  • the voting booths can be subjected to a verification count allowing a verification of the results of the ballot by comparison between the results of the electronic ballot box and those accumulated from the different voting booths used in the polling station. .
  • the electronic ballot boxes keep their data for the duration of the vote and their content is not transmitted to the central unit until the close of the vote.
  • the present invention furthermore also relates to a suitable installation comprising initialization and / or activation units of at least one dedicated storage area of said card, voting booth units for introducing into each from said dedicated areas, specific data from the candidate (s) chosen for each vote and validating the choice (s), at least one electronic ballot box for reading and recording said data (s), initialization units and / or activation and the voting or concentration units, or electronic ballot boxes, being controlled by a central unit and connected to a monitor.
  • the central unit controls all of the units connected to the monitor, as well as the destination of the dialogue, for example by switching, to a Minitel.
  • the validation units are microprocessor card readers / writers having memories of the non-volatile type, electrically erasable (EEPROM).
  • EEPROM electrically erasable
  • the voting booth units are independent of the rest of the installation and also include non-volatile memories (EEPROM).
  • EEPROM non-volatile memories
  • the voting booth units are electronic ballot boxes directly connected to the central unit.
  • the various constituent elements of the installation can be powered by rechargeable batteries.
  • FIG. 1 represents a configuration or architecture suitable for the mode of implementation satisfying the requirements of French legislation with regard to voting.
  • This configuration comprises, in the embodiment shown, three validation and / or initialization units 1, three voting booth units 2 and two voting or concentration units 3, consisting of electronic ballot boxes.
  • the validation and / or initialization units 1 and the voting units or ballot boxes 3 are connected via an electronic switch 4 to a central unit 5, which controls them on the one hand and to a monitor 6, preferably Minitel type.
  • FIG. 2 represents a configuration where the voting booth units 2 function as ballot boxes and are connected to the central unit which controls them as well as the validation and / or initialization units.
  • FIG. 3 represents a configuration similar to that of FIG. 1 but where the isolator units 2 are temporarily connectable to the network.
  • the initialization and / or validation units 1 and the voting or concentration units, or electronic ballot boxes 3, consist of readers / writers of smart cards or microprocessor cards containing a non-volatile type memory (EEPROM) .
  • EEPROM non-volatile type memory
  • the voting booth units 2 consist of readers / writers of smart cards or microprocessor cards containing a non-volatile type memory and allowing data recording corresponding to the choice made on the unit.
  • the voter goes to the polling station to which he is attached and presents his voter card to an auditor.
  • the latter verifies the identity of the voter and checks the list of voters at the polling station to determine if this voter is actually registered on the lists of this polling station.
  • the voter is given a smart card or microprocessor card.
  • the verifier beforehand validates this card in a validation unit (zone 1; figure 1) which enters in memory an identifier code of the polling station and / or the vote on the one hand, and on the other hand, active with a hazard a voting area, which gives the voter the right to vote.
  • This validation unit can be a reader / writer of microprocessor cards of the "Pushmatic" type having a memory of the non-volatile, electrically erasable type (EEPROM).
  • EEPROM electrically erasable type
  • the voter then goes to the voting booth (zone 2; Figure 1) where voting booth units are located, operating on rechargeable batteries and comprising non-volatile memories.
  • the voter introduces the smart card into an ad hoc area of the voting booth unit, for example a slot.
  • the polling booth unit checks whether the identifier code of the polling station and / or the identifier code of the vote corresponding to the polling station and / or the vote concerned respectively and checks whether the right to vote has not been exhausted. If this verification proves favorable, the elector is informed that he can vote.
  • the voting booth unit has a voting area for each candidate and a push button next to each of these areas. A voting area and a push button for white voting are also provided. The voter makes his choice and presses the corresponding push button.
  • the voter changes his mind and wishes to change the candidate, he can either cancel his first vote by action on an ad hoc press button, or any simply by pressing another button.
  • the voter "confirms” his vote by actuating means of confirmation.
  • the activated zone of the smart card then receives information corresponding to the vote at the same time as the activated zone is canceled.
  • the voter then collects his smart card.
  • the voter having recovered his card containing the information of the vote (s) made then goes to the ballot box where the President of the Polling Station again verifies the identity of the voter and if he is entitled to vote with from this office.
  • an electronic ballot box zone 3; Figure 1; this is identical to the validation units.
  • the smart card is then introduced by the voter into the ballot box and his vote recorded in the ballot box at the same time as the voting area is neutralized.
  • the information corresponding to the vote taken remains in memory, however.
  • the ballot boxes keep their data for the duration of the poll. The data are not sent to the central unit until the close of the election, so that there is no information flow on the network during the course of the election.
  • the card When the voting is finished, the card is collected by the President of the Polling Station who hands it to the aforementioned verifier. This card can then be reused by the verifier. It is indeed a recyclable and reusable card that the verifier resets and reactivates for a new voter. The zone (s) previously activated having been transformed into a voting zone and then into a neutralized zone and having lost the voting power cannot be reactivated at this stage.
  • a so-called “minute card” or “collection card” may be provided for the purpose of allowing the storage of all the data contained in the voting booth units, in the case where the booths have been programmed to store and total the votes dedicated.
  • This card allows the conservation and compact archiving of the voting data of each voting booth unit and even of all the booth units of the same polling station for a given poll.
  • the President of the Polling Station has a special card which, after interconnection of the various devices, allows the configuration or architecture of the system for a new vote and in particular the introduction of specific validation and activation data.
  • the system "monitor” is constituted in France by the Minitel which includes a particularly economical keyboard, screen and modem. For each of the operations carried out by the President of the Polling Station, there is a specific menu displayed by the Minitel which guides the operator.
  • the menu of the President of the Polling Station includes the following choices: - setting the system time, - description of the ballot, - description of the system architecture, - poll opening and closing hours, - operation to close the poll, - editing of results, it being understood that the regulatory authorities have already set the system time, reset the central unit and validation units, ballot boxes and voting booths.
  • each unit used must be the subject of a verification which ensures that the architecture announced is in good working order, control carried out using the personal card of the President where the parameters of the new vote are entered as well as the account - rendering of initialization of the booths; - by opening and closing hours of the poll: . the opening and closing hours of the vote for the current day.
  • This series of menus provides the parameters necessary for the smooth running of the poll.
  • the start and end times are monitored by the system which transmits: - a beep 5 minutes before the opening or closing, - 5 beep sounds at the precise moment of opening or closing.
  • Example 2 It is similar to that of Example 1, but the activation with a hazard of one or more storage areas instead of being done during the validation phase, occurs when the voter "confirms" "his vote in the voting booth unit.
  • Example 2 It is similar to that of Example 1, but the card initialization phase, during which the identification data of the polling station and of the poll concerned is entered in the appropriate zones of the cards, only takes place 'once for each card; the verifier would no longer need, as in Example 1, to reset a card for each new voter.
  • voting booth functions directly as an electronic ballot box and directly records the vote that the voter validates.
  • the method described in one of the previous examples would make it possible to vote anywhere in the territory in the case of a national vote and not be limited to voting at a specific polling station. This is important to reduce the number of abstainers (such as those called Sunday fishermen, in France) or to avoid postal or proxy votes and the abuses they can cause.
  • the voter presents his voter card at any polling station.
  • the verifier verifies the identity of the card holder and, thanks to Minitel, accesses the list voters from the voter's home polling station; the verifier checks if the voter is actually registered on this list, and if he has already voted. If he has not yet voted, the elector is authorized to vote, and at the same time, the mention of the use of the right to vote is entered on the list of the office of attachment.
  • this operating mode requires the interconnection of all the polling stations with one another through a server center separate from the central unit. It is necessary that the central unit of each polling station can connect to this server center which checks if the voter has not already used his right to vote. The mention of the use of the right to vote for the election concerned is recorded by the polling station on which the voter depends to avoid that the voter cannot go to one or more polling stations and renew his vote.
  • Example 5 The procedure of Example 5 can be implemented in the case of a vote other than national.
  • the central unit of each polling station is connected to the voting booth units so as to transfer there the list of candidates from the office of attachment of the voter.
  • the latter then makes his choice and validation according to the aforementioned procedures, indicated in Example 1.
  • the ballot box not only records the vote but also the identification data of the office of attachment.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
  • Time Recorders, Dirve Recorders, Access Control (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
  • Cephalosporin Compounds (AREA)
EP90402554A 1989-09-20 1990-09-17 Abstimmverfahren und Mittel zu seiner Durchführung Expired - Lifetime EP0419335B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8912329 1989-09-20
FR8912329A FR2652183B1 (fr) 1989-09-20 1989-09-20 Procede nouveau de vote et moyens pour sa mise en óoeuvre.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0419335A1 true EP0419335A1 (de) 1991-03-27
EP0419335B1 EP0419335B1 (de) 1997-03-05

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EP90402554A Expired - Lifetime EP0419335B1 (de) 1989-09-20 1990-09-17 Abstimmverfahren und Mittel zu seiner Durchführung

Country Status (8)

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EP (1) EP0419335B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE149719T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69030043T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0419335T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2103730T3 (de)
FI (1) FI904624A0 (de)
FR (1) FR2652183B1 (de)
NO (1) NO904043L (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1000449C2 (en) * 1995-05-29 1996-12-02 Wilhelmus Martinus Verhage Automatic polling system for elections and referenda
FR2749423A1 (fr) * 1996-05-31 1997-12-05 Bertoncelli Patrick Simon Systeme de vote par cartes a puces
WO2001035350A1 (fr) * 1999-11-12 2001-05-17 Boris Alexandrovich Makarov Procede de vote secret et bulletin de vote correspondant
EP1344166A2 (de) * 2000-11-20 2003-09-17 Amerasia International Technology, Inc. Vorrichtung, system und verfahren zum elektronischen wählen
ES2206020A1 (es) * 2002-04-12 2004-05-01 Indra Sistemas, S.A. Equipo y procedimiento de votacion mediante pantalla tactil.
US7036730B2 (en) 2000-11-03 2006-05-02 Amerasia International Technology, Inc. Electronic voting apparatus, system and method
US7152156B1 (en) * 2000-02-17 2006-12-19 Hart Intercivic, Inc. Secure internet voting system with bootable disk
FR2931282A1 (fr) * 2008-05-16 2009-11-20 Ingenico Sa Procede de vote electronique, produit programme d'ordinateur dispositif d'inscription de vote et dispositif de lecture correspondants.
WO2010010564A2 (en) * 2008-07-23 2010-01-28 Israel Ministry Of Finance Electronic voting system
WO2011020875A1 (fr) * 2009-08-19 2011-02-24 Abdelhakim Djoudi Installation pour scrutin electronique
WO2011038758A1 (en) * 2009-09-30 2011-04-07 Nec Europe Ltd. A system and a method for electronic voting

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2739474B1 (fr) * 1995-09-29 1997-12-05 Serpeinesm Sa Machines a voter et cartes de vote afferentes

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3722793A (en) * 1969-06-18 1973-03-27 S Aronoff Voting system
US3779453A (en) * 1972-07-07 1973-12-18 Thornber F Co Electronic voting machine
US4373134A (en) * 1981-05-06 1983-02-08 Grace Phillip F Magnetic card vote casting system
FR2613514A1 (fr) * 1987-03-31 1988-10-07 Electroplus Sarl Machine a voter electronique

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3722793A (en) * 1969-06-18 1973-03-27 S Aronoff Voting system
US3779453A (en) * 1972-07-07 1973-12-18 Thornber F Co Electronic voting machine
US4373134A (en) * 1981-05-06 1983-02-08 Grace Phillip F Magnetic card vote casting system
FR2613514A1 (fr) * 1987-03-31 1988-10-07 Electroplus Sarl Machine a voter electronique

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PHILIPS TELECOMMUNICATION REVIEW. vol. 45, no. 2, juin 1987, HILVERSUM NL pages 10 - 26; BRIEND e.a.: "French PTT MINITEL and LECAM programme" *
TOSHIBA REVIEW.spring 1987 no. 159, TOKYO JP pages 30 - 33; TAMADA e.a.: "IC card system" *

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1000449C2 (en) * 1995-05-29 1996-12-02 Wilhelmus Martinus Verhage Automatic polling system for elections and referenda
FR2749423A1 (fr) * 1996-05-31 1997-12-05 Bertoncelli Patrick Simon Systeme de vote par cartes a puces
WO2001035350A1 (fr) * 1999-11-12 2001-05-17 Boris Alexandrovich Makarov Procede de vote secret et bulletin de vote correspondant
US7152156B1 (en) * 2000-02-17 2006-12-19 Hart Intercivic, Inc. Secure internet voting system with bootable disk
US7036730B2 (en) 2000-11-03 2006-05-02 Amerasia International Technology, Inc. Electronic voting apparatus, system and method
EP1344166A2 (de) * 2000-11-20 2003-09-17 Amerasia International Technology, Inc. Vorrichtung, system und verfahren zum elektronischen wählen
EP1344166A4 (de) * 2000-11-20 2004-05-12 Amerasia Int Technology Inc Vorrichtung, system und verfahren zum elektronischen wählen
ES2206020A1 (es) * 2002-04-12 2004-05-01 Indra Sistemas, S.A. Equipo y procedimiento de votacion mediante pantalla tactil.
FR2931282A1 (fr) * 2008-05-16 2009-11-20 Ingenico Sa Procede de vote electronique, produit programme d'ordinateur dispositif d'inscription de vote et dispositif de lecture correspondants.
EP2120217B1 (de) * 2008-05-16 2019-01-23 Ingenico Group Elektronische Wahlvorrichtung und entsprechendes Verfahren und Computerprogrammprodukt.
WO2010010564A2 (en) * 2008-07-23 2010-01-28 Israel Ministry Of Finance Electronic voting system
WO2010010564A3 (en) * 2008-07-23 2010-10-07 Israel Ministry Of Finance Electronic voting system
WO2011020875A1 (fr) * 2009-08-19 2011-02-24 Abdelhakim Djoudi Installation pour scrutin electronique
FR2949269A1 (fr) * 2009-08-19 2011-02-25 Abdelhakim Djoudi Installation pour scrutin electronique
FR2949270A1 (fr) * 2009-08-19 2011-02-25 Abdelhakim Djoudi Installation pour scrutin electronique
US8556161B2 (en) 2009-08-19 2013-10-15 Abdelhakim Djoudi Electronic ballot facility
WO2011038758A1 (en) * 2009-09-30 2011-04-07 Nec Europe Ltd. A system and a method for electronic voting

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0419335T3 (da) 1998-04-27
FR2652183B1 (fr) 1994-08-26
ES2103730T3 (es) 1997-10-01
DE69030043T2 (de) 1998-03-12
DE69030043D1 (de) 1997-04-10
EP0419335B1 (de) 1997-03-05
NO904043D0 (no) 1990-09-17
NO904043L (no) 1991-03-21
ATE149719T1 (de) 1997-03-15
FI904624A0 (fi) 1990-09-19
FR2652183A1 (fr) 1991-03-22

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