EP0419335B1 - Abstimmverfahren und Mittel zu seiner Durchführung - Google Patents

Abstimmverfahren und Mittel zu seiner Durchführung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0419335B1
EP0419335B1 EP90402554A EP90402554A EP0419335B1 EP 0419335 B1 EP0419335 B1 EP 0419335B1 EP 90402554 A EP90402554 A EP 90402554A EP 90402554 A EP90402554 A EP 90402554A EP 0419335 B1 EP0419335 B1 EP 0419335B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voting
card
vote
stage
voter
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP90402554A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0419335A1 (de
Inventor
Michel Feterman
Alain Marchadier
Fabrice Terray
Jean-Claude Kourganoff
Vincent Joly
Dominique Bouyol
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KOURGANOFF, JEAN-CLAUDE
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C13/00—Voting apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new method of voting and relates to the means allowing the implementation of this new method.
  • US Pat. No. 4,373,134 describes a method using a voting card of the chip card or microprocessor card type and contains identification data and areas for storing voting rights, or voting zones, likely to be activated, to be identified and to allow the validation of a vote and the neutralization of the zone concerned.
  • the card used contains voter identification data and is personal to each voter.
  • the present invention makes it possible to satisfy all the requirements described above which a democratic vote implies and, moreover, to obviate the drawbacks of the systems used until now while having the advantage of not confusing the voter. accustomed to a certain course of the electoral mode on the one hand, and on the other hand to allow counting operations and their verification in conditions of reliability and secrecy that these operations require.
  • the subject of the present invention is a voting card containing one or more areas for storing identification data and one or more areas for storing voting rights, or voting areas, enabling the validation of a vote and the neutralization of the area concerned, characterized in that it is of the chip card, or microprocessor card, or laser reading card type, in that it is not personal, in that it is capable of receiving during a phase of initialization of the identification data of a polling station in the said identification data storage area (s), and in that the said voting area (s) may be activated randomly and to be identified.
  • the voting card after the reading and neutralization phase is brought back to the initialization phase to be reused for a new voter.
  • the random choice of the storage area for the vote (s) is made during an activation phase.
  • the activation phase is carried out during the initialization phase.
  • the activation phase is carried out during the validation of the choice made by the voter.
  • the phase of choice of the candidate, and validation of the choice made by selector are carried out by the voter in a voting booth, his choice being validated in one or more zones (s ) of storage, the data or data (s) thus validated being capable of being read (s) by an electronic ballot box and recorded (s) at the same time as the said storage area (s) is / are neutralized.
  • the activated storage area (s) can only be located and / or read over the transition time between the validation phase and the reading phase by the urn.
  • the voting card can be subjected to a verification count allowing a verification of the results of the ballot by comparison between the results of the electronic ballot box and those of the various cards used in the vote place.
  • the voting booths can be subjected to a verification count allowing a verification of the results of the ballot by comparison between the results of the electronic ballot box and those accumulated from the different voting booths used in the polling station
  • the electronic ballot boxes keep their data for the duration of the vote and their content is not transmitted to the central unit until the close of the vote.
  • the present invention also further relates also to an installation for implementing the voting method according to any one of claims 2 to 11, comprising voting booth units (2) to allow a voter to choose a or of the candidate (s), to validate this choice by recording this choice on a voting card, at least one electronic ballot box (3) for reading this choice on said voting card and recording this choice, characterized in what it includes initialization and / or activation units (1) capable of storing on a voting card identification data of the polling station as well as of the vote (s) concerned, and / or activating randomly at least one voting area of said card, in that said voting booth units (2) are able to introduce into each of said activated areas specific data of the candidate (s) chosen for each vote, and in that the initialization and / or act units ivation (1) and said electronic ballot boxes (3) are controlled by a central unit (5) and connected to a monitor (6).
  • the central unit controls all of the units connected to the monitor, as well as the destination of the dialogue, for example by switching, to a Minitel.
  • the validation units are microprocessor card readers / writers having memories of the non-volatile type, electrically erasable (EEPROM).
  • EEPROM electrically erasable
  • the voting booth units are independent of the rest of the installation and also include non-volatile memories (EEPROM).
  • EEPROM non-volatile memories
  • the voting booth units are electronic urns directly connected to the central unit.
  • the various constituent elements of the installation can be powered by rechargeable batteries.
  • FIG. 1 represents a configuration or architecture suitable for the mode of implementation satisfying the requirements of French legislation as regards voting.
  • This configuration comprises, in the embodiment shown, three validation and / or initialization units 1, three voting booth units 2 and two voting or concentration units 3, consisting of electronic ballot boxes.
  • the validation and / or initialization units 1 and the voting units or ballot boxes 3 are connected via an electronic switch 4 to a central unit 5, which controls them on the one hand and to a monitor 6, preferably Minitel type.
  • FIG. 2 represents a configuration where the voting booth units 2 function as ballot boxes and are connected to the central unit which controls them as well as the validation and / or initialization units.
  • FIG. 3 represents a configuration similar to that of FIG. 1 but where the isolator units 2 are temporarily connectable to the network.
  • the initialization and / or validation units 1 and the voting or concentration units, or electronic ballot boxes 3, consist of readers / writers of smart cards or microprocessor cards containing a non-volatile type memory (EEPROM) .
  • EEPROM non-volatile type memory
  • the voting booth units 2 consist of readers / writers of smart cards or microprocessor cards containing a non-volatile type memory and allowing the recording of data corresponding to the choice made on the unit.
  • the voter goes to the polling station to which he is attached and presents his voter card to an auditor.
  • the latter verifies the identity of the voter and checks the list of voters at the polling station to determine if this voter is actually registered on the lists of this polling station.
  • the voter is given a smart card or microprocessor card.
  • the verifier beforehand validates this card in a validation unit (zone 1; figure 1) which introduces in memory an identifier code of the polling station and / or the vote on the one hand, and on the other hand, active with a hazard a voting area, which gives the voter the right to vote.
  • This validation unit can be a reader / writer of microprocessor cards of the "Pushmatic" type having a memory of the non-volatile, electrically erasable type (EEPROM).
  • EEPROM electrically erasable type
  • the voter then goes to the voting booth (zone 2; Figure 1) where voting booth units are located, operating on rechargeable batteries and comprising non-volatile memories.
  • the voter introduces the smart card into an ad hoc area of the voting booth unit, for example a slot.
  • the voting booth unit checks whether the identifier code of the polling station and / or the identifier code of the vote corresponding to the polling station and / or the vote concerned respectively and checks whether the right to vote has not been exhausted. If this verification proves favorable, the elector is informed that he can vote.
  • the voting booth unit has a voting area for each candidate and a push button next to each of these areas. A voting area and a push button for white voting are also provided. The voter makes his choice and presses the corresponding push button.
  • the voter changes his mind and wishes to change the candidate, he can either cancel his first vote by action on an ad hoc press button, or any simply by pressing another button.
  • the voter "confirms” his vote by actuating means of confirmation.
  • the activated zone of the smart card then receives information corresponding to the vote at the same time as the activated zone is canceled.
  • the voter then collects his smart card.
  • the voter having recovered his card containing the information of the vote (s) made then goes to the ballot box where the President of the Polling Station again verifies the identity of the voter and if he is entitled to vote with from this office.
  • an electronic ballot box zone 3; Figure 1; this is identical to the validation units.
  • the smart card is then introduced by the voter into the ballot box and his vote recorded in the ballot box at the same time as the voting area is neutralized.
  • the information corresponding to the vote taken remains in memory, however.
  • the ballot boxes keep their data for the duration of the poll. The data are not sent to the central unit until the close of the election, so that there is no flow of information on the network during the course of the election.
  • the card When the voting is finished, the card is collected by the President of the Polling Station who hands it to the aforementioned verifier. This card can then be reused by the verifier. It is indeed a recyclable and reusable card that the verifier resets and reactivates for a new voter. The zone (s) previously activated having been transformed into a voting zone and then into a neutralized zone and having lost the voting power cannot be reactivated at this stage.
  • a so-called “minute card” or “collection card” can be provided for the purpose of allowing the storage of all the data contained in the voting booths, in the case where the booths have been programmed to keep and total the votes dedicated.
  • This card allows the conservation and compact archiving of the voting data of each voting booth unit and even of all the booth units of the same polling station for a given poll.
  • the President of the Polling Station has a special card which, after interconnection of the various devices, allows the configuration or architecture of the system for a new vote and in particular the introduction of specific validation and activation data.
  • the system "monitor” is constituted in France by the Minitel which includes a particularly economical keyboard, screen and modem. For each of the operations carried out by the President of the Polling Station, there is a specific menu displayed by the Minitel which guides the operator.
  • Example 2 It is similar to that of Example 1, but the activation with a hazard of one or more storage areas instead of being done during the validation phase, occurs when the voter "confirms" "his vote in the voting booth unit.
  • Example 2 It is similar to that of Example 1, but the card initialization phase, during which the identification data of the polling station and of the poll concerned is entered in the appropriate zones of the cards, only takes place 'once for each card; the verifier would no longer need, as in Example 1, to reset a card for each new voter.
  • Example 1 We operate according to the method of Example 1, but the voting booth functions directly as an electronic ballot box and directly records the vote that the voter validates.
  • the method described in one of the previous examples would make it possible to vote anywhere in the territory in the case of a national vote and not be limited to voting at a specific polling station. This is important to reduce the number of abstainers (such as those called Sunday fishermen, in France) or to avoid postal or proxy votes and the abuses they can cause.
  • the voter presents his voter card at any polling station.
  • the verifier verifies the identity of the card holder and, thanks to Minitel, accesses the list voters from the voter's home polling station; the verifier checks whether the voter is actually registered on this list, and whether he has already voted. If he has not yet voted, the elector is authorized to vote, and at the same time, the mention of the use of the right to vote is entered on the list of the office of attachment.
  • this operating mode requires the interconnection of all the polling stations with each other through a server center separate from the central unit. It is necessary for the central unit of each polling station to be able to connect to this server center, which checks whether the voter has not already used his right to vote. The mention of the use of the right to vote for the election concerned is recorded by the polling station on which the voter depends to avoid that the voter cannot go to one or more polling stations and renew his vote.
  • Example 5 The procedure of Example 5 can be implemented in the case of a vote other than national.
  • the central unit of each polling station is connected to the voting booth units so as to transfer there the list of candidates from the office of attachment of the voter.
  • the latter then makes his choice and validation according to the aforementioned procedures, indicated in example 1.
  • the ballot box not only records the vote but also the identification data of the office of attachment.

Claims (17)

  1. Wahlkarte, enthaltend eine oder mehrere Speicherzonen für Identifikationsdaten und eine oder mehrere Speicherzonen für Wahlrechte, oder Wahlzonen, welche die Validierung einer Wahl und die Neutralisation der betroffenen Zone ermöglichen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie vom Typ Chipkarte, Mikroprozessorkarte, oder laserlesbare Karte ist, daß sie nicht persönlich ist, daß sie in der Lage ist, während einer Initialisierungsphase Identifikationsdaten eines Wahlbüros in der oder den Speicherzonen für Identifikationsdaten aufnehmen kann, und daß die Wahlzone oder -zonen in der Lage sind, zufallsmäßig aktiviert zu werden und identifiziert zu werden.
  2. Wahlverfahren unter Verwendung der Wahlkarte, umfassend eine Initialisierungsphase der Karten, eine Auswahlphase des Kandidaten durch den Wähler und der Validierung der durch den Wähler durchgeführten Auswahl, und eine Wahlphase in einer elektronischen Urne (3), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Karte oder Karten nicht persönlich für einen Wähler sind, daß:
    - während der Initialisierungsphase der Karten Identifikationsdaten des Wahlbüros sowie der betroffenen Wahl oder Wahlen eingeführt werden in den geeigneten Zonen der Karte oder Karten, wobei die Karte validiert wird in einer Weise, welche die Speicherung von Wahldaten in der oder den Speicherzonen der Wahlrechte ermöglicht;
    - während der Auswahlphase des Kandidaten durch den Wähler und der Validierung der durch den Wähler ausgeführten Auswahl die Wahldaten gespeichert werden in der oder den Wahlzonen, und daß
    - während der Wahlpase die Wahldaten gelesen und aufgezeichnet werden durch eine elektronische Urne der gespeicherten Daten in der oder den Wahlzonen, wobei die Wahlzone oder Wahlzonen neutralisiert werden, und daß die Speicherzonen der Wahlrechte in zufälliger Weise ausgewählt werden.
  3. Wahlverfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wahlkarte nach der Lesephase und der Neutralisierung zurückgeführt wird zur Initialisierungsphase, um erneut verwendet zu werden für einen neuen Wähler.
  4. Wahlverfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zufällige Auswahl der Speicherzone der Wahl oder Wahlen durchgeführt wird während einer Aktivierungsphase.
  5. Wahlverfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aktivierungsphase durchgeführt wird während der Initialisierungsphase.
  6. Wahlverfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aktivierungsphase durchgeführt wird während der Validierung der durchgeführten Auswahl durch den Wähler.
  7. Wahlverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auswahlphase des Kandidaten und die Validierung der durch den Wähler durchgeführten Auswahl durchgeführt werden durch den Wähler an einem Isolierstuhl (2), wobei seine Auswahl und die Validierung in der oder den Speicherzone(n) erfolgt, wobei die somit validierten Daten in der Lage sind, ausgelesen zu werden durch eine elektronische Urne (3), und gleichzeitig aufgezeichnet zu werden, während die Speicherzone oder -zonen neutralisiert wird.
  8. Wahlverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die aktivierte Speicherzone oder die aktivierten Speicherzonen nur während der Transitionszeit zwischen der Validierungsphase und der Lesephase durch die Urne lokalisierbar und/oder lesbar sind.
  9. Wahlverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wahlkarte einer Verifikationszählung unterworfen werden kann, welche eine Verifikation der Ergebnisse des Wahlergebnisses durch Vergleichen zwischen den Ergebnissen der elektronischen Urne mit jenen, welche angesammelt wurden von den unterschiedlichen verwendeten Karten in dem Wahlbüro, ermöglicht.
  10. Wahlverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Isolationsstühle (2) einer Verifikationszählung unterworfen werden können, welche eine Verifikation der Ergebnisse des Wahlergebnisses ermöglicht durch Vergleichen zwischen den Ergebnissen der elektronischen Urne mit jenen, welche angesammelt wurden von den unterschiedlichen verwendeten Isolationsstühlen in dem Wahlbüro.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektronischen Urnen (3) ihre Daten während der gesamten Dauer der Wahlauswertung behalten, und daß der Inhalt lediglich an eine Zentraleinheit zur Zeit der Schließung der Wahl übertragen wird.
  12. Installation zur Inbetriebnahme des Wahlverfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 11, umfassend Isolationseinheiten (2), um einem Wähler zu erlauben, einen oder mehrere Kandidaten auszuwählen, die Auswahl zu validieren, indem er seine Auswahl auf einer Wahlkarte aufzeichnet, zumindest eine elektronische Urne (3) für das Lesen der Auswahl an der Wahlkarte und zur Aufzeichnung dieser Auswahl, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie umfasst Initialisierungseinheiten und/oder Aktivierungseinheiten (1), welche in der Lage sind. an der Wahlkarte Identifikationsdaten des Wahlbüros sowie der betroffenen Wahl zu speichern und/oder in zufälliger Weise zumindest eine Zone der Wahl der Karte zu aktivieren, daß die Isolationseinheiten (2) in der Lage sind, in jede der aktivierten Zonen spezifische Daten des oder der ausgewählten Kandidaten für jede Wahl einzufügen, und daß die Isolationseinheiten und/oder Aktivierungseinheiten (1) und die elektronischen Urnen (3) durch eine Zentraleinheit (5) gesteuert werden und mit einem Monitor (6) verbunden sind.
  13. Installation nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zentraleinheit (5) die Gesamtheit der Einheiten steuert, welche mit dem Monitor (6) verbunden sind, sowie die Dialogdestination, z.B. über Kommunikation über Bildschirmtext.
  14. Installation nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Validierungseinheiten (1) Schreib/Leseeinrichtungen sind für Karten mit einem Mikroprozessor mit nicht flüchtigem Speicher, welche elektronisch auslöschbar sind (EEPROM).
  15. Installation nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Isolationseinheiten (2) unabhängig von dem Rest der Installation sind, und ebenfalls nicht flüchtige Speicher (EEPROM) aufweisen.
  16. Installation nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Isolationseinheiten elektronische Urnen (3) sind, welche direkt mit der Zentraleinheit verbunden sind.
  17. Installation nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die unterschiedlichen Elemente, welche die Installation bilden, versorgt werden können durch wiederaufladbare Batterien.
EP90402554A 1989-09-20 1990-09-17 Abstimmverfahren und Mittel zu seiner Durchführung Expired - Lifetime EP0419335B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8912329A FR2652183B1 (fr) 1989-09-20 1989-09-20 Procede nouveau de vote et moyens pour sa mise en óoeuvre.
FR8912329 1989-09-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0419335A1 EP0419335A1 (de) 1991-03-27
EP0419335B1 true EP0419335B1 (de) 1997-03-05

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EP90402554A Expired - Lifetime EP0419335B1 (de) 1989-09-20 1990-09-17 Abstimmverfahren und Mittel zu seiner Durchführung

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EP (1) EP0419335B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE149719T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69030043T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0419335T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2103730T3 (de)
FI (1) FI904624A0 (de)
FR (1) FR2652183B1 (de)
NO (1) NO904043L (de)

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NL1000449C2 (en) * 1995-05-29 1996-12-02 Wilhelmus Martinus Verhage Automatic polling system for elections and referenda
FR2739474B1 (fr) * 1995-09-29 1997-12-05 Serpeinesm Sa Machines a voter et cartes de vote afferentes
FR2749423A1 (fr) * 1996-05-31 1997-12-05 Bertoncelli Patrick Simon Systeme de vote par cartes a puces
AU1424201A (en) * 1999-11-12 2001-06-06 Boris Alexandrovich Makarov Method for carrying out a secret ballot and corresponding ballot paper
US7152156B1 (en) * 2000-02-17 2006-12-19 Hart Intercivic, Inc. Secure internet voting system with bootable disk
US7036730B2 (en) 2000-11-03 2006-05-02 Amerasia International Technology, Inc. Electronic voting apparatus, system and method
CA2469146A1 (en) * 2000-11-20 2002-09-12 Amerasia International Technology, Inc. Electronic voting apparatus, system and method
ES2206020B1 (es) * 2002-04-12 2005-07-16 Indra Sistemas, S.A. Equipo y procedimiento de votacion mediante pantalla tactil.
FR2931282B1 (fr) * 2008-05-16 2015-01-02 Ingenico Sa Procede de vote electronique, produit programme d'ordinateur dispositif d'inscription de vote et dispositif de lecture correspondants.
IL192999A0 (en) * 2008-07-23 2009-08-03 Yoram Oren Electronic voting system
FR2949269B1 (fr) * 2009-08-19 2012-06-08 Abdelhakim Djoudi Installation pour scrutin electronique
WO2011038758A1 (en) * 2009-09-30 2011-04-07 Nec Europe Ltd. A system and a method for electronic voting

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3722793A (en) * 1969-06-18 1973-03-27 S Aronoff Voting system
US3779453A (en) * 1972-07-07 1973-12-18 Thornber F Co Electronic voting machine
US4373134A (en) * 1981-05-06 1983-02-08 Grace Phillip F Magnetic card vote casting system
FR2613514B1 (fr) * 1987-03-31 1991-12-06 Electroplus Sarl Machine a voter electronique

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
card system" *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69030043T2 (de) 1998-03-12
DK0419335T3 (da) 1998-04-27
EP0419335A1 (de) 1991-03-27
DE69030043D1 (de) 1997-04-10
ES2103730T3 (es) 1997-10-01
NO904043D0 (no) 1990-09-17
ATE149719T1 (de) 1997-03-15
FI904624A0 (fi) 1990-09-19
NO904043L (no) 1991-03-21
FR2652183B1 (fr) 1994-08-26
FR2652183A1 (fr) 1991-03-22

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