EP0411671A2 - Akustisches GerÀ¤t - Google Patents

Akustisches GerÀ¤t Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0411671A2
EP0411671A2 EP90115030A EP90115030A EP0411671A2 EP 0411671 A2 EP0411671 A2 EP 0411671A2 EP 90115030 A EP90115030 A EP 90115030A EP 90115030 A EP90115030 A EP 90115030A EP 0411671 A2 EP0411671 A2 EP 0411671A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sound
reflector
foci
revolution
focus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90115030A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0411671B1 (de
EP0411671A3 (en
Inventor
Hiroshi Ono
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEN ENGINEERING CO., LTD.
Original Assignee
GEN ENGINEERING Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP1202601A external-priority patent/JPH0832113B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP1202602A external-priority patent/JP2542563B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2107441A external-priority patent/JPH046599A/ja
Application filed by GEN ENGINEERING Co Ltd filed Critical GEN ENGINEERING Co Ltd
Publication of EP0411671A2 publication Critical patent/EP0411671A2/de
Publication of EP0411671A3 publication Critical patent/EP0411671A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0411671B1 publication Critical patent/EP0411671B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
    • G10K11/28—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using reflection, e.g. parabolic reflectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an acoustic apparatus, and more particularly to an acoustic apparatus employing the principle of an acoustic lens constituted by a reflector.
  • a loudspeaker as a means of amplifying sound is generally known.
  • an earphone which is inserted in the external auditory meatus is extensively employed for general use or as a hearing aid.
  • the principle of an acoustic lens is conventionally known: Sound waves from a sound source are applied to a variously curved reflector having a focus, and the reflected sound waves are caused to diverge or scatter. Although this principle is applicable to buildings such as outdoor and indoor concert halls, it has not been put to practical use, and its effect has not been ascertained.
  • the aforementioned earphone gives discomfort to a user when it is inserted into the external auditory meatus.
  • the loudspeakers since the range of sounds issuing therefrom cannot be restricted to a specific space, the loudspeakers exert a large influence on surrounding people and so on.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide an acoustic apparatus with a reflector which is capable of amplifying sound and focusing it so as to be heard only within a specific area without the user using an earphone, without needing to be worn by the user, and without affecting surrounding people and so on as in the case of a general speaker, thereby overcoming the above-­described drawback of the conventional art.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide an acoustic apparatus which allows a sound source to be positioned irrespective of the aforementioned acoustic apparatus, and which does not disturb a sound field, which could otherwise occur depending on the size of a sound source device, such as a loudspeaker, installed within the effective range of the reflector.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide an acoustic apparatus which is capable of specifying a plurality of persons to hear the sounds.
  • a fourth object of the present invention is to provide an acoustic apparatus which makes it possible for the user to select from a plurality of kinds of sound in one space.
  • an acoustic apparatus comprising: a reflector whose inner surface is provided with part of an ellipsoidal surface of revolution having two foci; and a sound source disposed at one of the foci, whereby sound reflected by the reflector is made to converge into the other focus.
  • an ellipsoidal surface of revolution has two foci
  • sound emanating from the sound source placed at one focus is transmitted to the user located at the other focus in converged form, and sound can be heard positively and in amplified form.
  • the sound pressure becomes sharply smaller, so that no influence is exerted on other people and the like outside the apparatus. As such, sound can be heard in amplified form only by a person located at the other focus.
  • an acoustic apparatus comprising: a reflector whose inner surface is provided with part of an ellipsoidal surface of revolution having two foci; and a sound conducting pipe which extends from a sound source disposed outside the reflector to one of the foci of the reflector and whose opening ata tip thereof is directed toward the inner surface of the reflector at a position of the one of the foci.
  • sound emanating from the sound source passes through the sound conducting pipe, is directed to the reflector from an opening provided at the tip of the sound conducting pipe located at one focus of the ellipsoidal surface of revolution, and is focused at the other focus.
  • sound of as large an output as desired can be made to emanate.As a result, sound of a sufficient level can be heard even with a small-­diameter ellipsoid of revolution in accordance with this aspect of the invention.
  • an acoustic apparatus comprising: a reflector with a central portion of an inner surface thereof constituted by a paraboloid of revolution, and with a peripheral portion thereof constituted by part of an ellipsoidal surface of revolution having two foci; and a sound source disposed at one of the foci.
  • an acoustic apparatus comprising: a reflector whose inner surface in one cross section thereof is provided with part of an ellipse having two foci, the part of the ellipse extending orthogonally to the cross section; and a sound source disposed at one of the foci.
  • the size of the speaker box does not account for a large proportion with respect to that of the reflector, so that the effect of irregular reflection is small, and a loudspeaker may be used as a sound source.
  • the fourth object of the invention is attained by a fifth aspect of the invention according to which there is provided an acoustic system wherein a set of acoustic apparatus is formed by disposing a sound producing device at one focus of a reflector provided with part of an ellipsoidal surface of revolution having two foci, and wherein a plurality of sets of acoustic apparatus are arranged in such a manner that adjacent ones of the reflectors are spaced apart from each other a predetermined distance.
  • each reflector in accordance with this aspect of the invention, sound emanating from one focus is amplified by each reflector and is provided with sharp directivity toward the other focus, so that it is possible to hear different sounds in a concentrated manner at the positions of the other foci of the respective reflectors.
  • the attenuation factor of sound in a direction perpendicular to the direction of reflection is high, as the user moves away from the other focus, the sound from the loudspeaker at one focus is quickly masked by the surrounding noise, so that it becomes impossible for the user to hear the sound from an adjacent reflector.
  • sounds emanating from adjacent reflectors do not affect each other.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the basic principle of the present invention, and a hollow ellipsoid of revolution 1 has two foci 2, 3.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • reference numeral 10 denotes the surface of an ellipsoid of revolution
  • numeral 11 denotes a reflector having part of the surface of this ellipsoid of revolution.
  • One end of the reflector 11 is affixed to a wall surface 12.
  • the area of the reflector 11 is set depending on a scale.
  • a chair 14 is disposed in the vicinity of the other focus B of the ellipsoid of revolution 10, and consideration is so given that when a user 15 is seated in the chair 14, his or her head is located substantially at the other focus B .
  • the sound from the sound producing means 13 reaches only the specific user 15 located at the other focus B or its vicinity, and the specific user 15 is able to hear the sound in amplified form.
  • the user 15 may be a person either with or without difficulty in hearing. Only the user is capable of listening to music or the like at the other focus B or its vicinity. Since the sound emanating from the apparatus does not reach areas other than the reflector 11, no influence is exerted on persons located outside the reflector 11.
  • the above-described apparatus is applied to a structure such as a restaurant and is arranged in such a manner that the position of the reflector 11 can be displaced (moved and/or inclined) together with the sound producing means 13, it is possible to change the position of the focus B in a room, allow an arbitrary specific group in the room to be selected and allow the sound to be heard by that group in amplified form.
  • the apparatus if a light source is disposed at one focus together with the sound source, and the reflector is provided with a light-reflecting surface, the apparatus is also provided with the function of an illuminating lamp and facilitates reading and the like. In addition, it is possible to visually confirm the position of the other focus into which the sound is made to converge, thereby facilitating the use of the apparatus.
  • the present invention can be adopted not only as the wall type such as the one shown in Fig. 2 but also as a desk-top type as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the reflector 11 is provided on a desk 16, and the sound producing means 13 is accommodated in the desk 16.
  • the sound from the sound producing means 13 located at the focus A can be made to converge for only the user 15 located at the focus B in the same way as Fig. 2.
  • the apparatus of this embodiment may be used as a floor mounted type with legs. In that case, the position of the apparatus can readily be changed.
  • the apparatus can function as a hearing aid apparatus without an earphone for a person having difficulty in hearing, and as an acoustic apparatus for a person having no difficulty in hearing.
  • a support 21 is affixed to a structure, and a loudspeaker 22 serving as a sound source is installed in it.
  • a reflector 25 Fixed to the support 21 is a reflector 25 having, as its internal surface, part of the surface of an ellipsoid 24 which has an axis 23, e.g., a vertical line in the illustrated case, as an axis of revolution and has two foci S1 and S2 on the axis 23.
  • a sound conducting pipe 26 is provided in such a manner as to extend from the loudspeaker 22 toward one focus (the upper one in the illustrated case) S1 of the reflector 25, and a nozzle 27 is provided at the tip of the sound conducting pipe 26 in such a manner as to face the center of the reflector 25. It should be noted that it is sufficient if, without using the nozzle, an opening at the tip of the sound conducting pipe is directed toward the reflector and its configuration is made suitable for the emanation of sound.
  • the apparatus of this embodiment thus constructed, if sound is made to emanate from the loudspeaker 22, the sound passes through the sound conducting pipe 26, reaches the nozzle 27 located at the focus S1, and is directed from the nozzle 27 to the reflector 25. The sound is reflected by the reflector 25 and convergesat the focus S2 without leaking to the outside. Accordingly, if the user places his or her head at the position of the focus S2, he or she is able to hear the sound thus made to converge. At that juncture, in this embodiment, since the loudspeaker 22 is disposed outside the reflector, it is possible to increase the output of the loudspeaker 22 without disturbing the sound field inside the reflector 25.
  • the sound conducting pipe for issuing sound is disposed at one focus of the ellipsoidal surface of revolution, and the loudspeaker or the like serving as a sound source is disposed outside the reflector, the sound field inside the reflector is not disturbed even if a loudspeaker with a large output is used with respect to the reflector having a small diameter. As a result, it is possible to increase the level of the focused sound to a predetermined level or more.
  • a reflector 35 its central portion centering on an axis 33 is formed by a paraboloid of revolution 35A, and its peripheral portion by an ellipsoidal surface of revolution 35B.
  • the sound source disposed at the focus S1 it is possible to use a loudspeaker as the sound source by increasing the diameter of the reflector to minimize the effect of a speaker box, without using the nozzle as in the preceding embodiment.
  • the sound is reflected by the ellipsoidal surface of revolution 35B, i.e., the peripheral portion, toward the focus S2, and is mixed with the sound reflected by the paraboloid of revolution 35A. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain a predetermined sound level within the area covered by the paraboloid of revolution 35A, thereby making it possible for a plurality of persons to hear the sound within that area.
  • the sound level in that area becomes substantially uniform.
  • an acoustic apparatus in accordance with a fourth embodiment which is provided with a reflector 45, a cross section thereof being shown in Fig. 6.
  • a reflector 45 in a state in which in terms of its configuration an inner surface of the reflector 45 is provided with part of an ellipse having two foci in one cross section thereof, that part of the ellipse extends orthogonally to that cross section.
  • the area covered by the other focus expands linearly, so that the user is capable of hearing sound focused in that area.
  • this area has a sufficient width for hearing sound at the linear focus and forms a belt-like area.
  • a loudspeaker can be used as a sound source in the same way as in the third embodiment.
  • a fifth embodiment of the invention is arranged such that the users can hear sound by selecting from a plurality of kinds of sound in one space at a plurality of positions without mutual interference of the sound signals.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates this embodiment, and in this example two umbrella-like reflectors 51A, 51B are used.
  • Each of these reflectors 51A, 51B has an ellipsoidal surface of revolution having two foci, a loudspeaker 52 being disposed at its respective one focus in a fixed position. Different sound signals are supplied to these two loudspeakers 52, 52.
  • the sound signals emanating from each loudspeaker 52 are reflected by the ellipsoidal surface and converge as sound waves 53 having sharp directivity toward the other focus.
  • the users 54 who are in the area where the sound waves are present can hear the sound under the respective reflectors 51A, 51B, which exhibit sound pressure level distributions as shown in Fig. 7.
  • the curve shown by solid line A is the sound pressure level distribution of the reflector 51A, while the curve shown by solid line B is that of the reflector 51B.
  • This example is a case where the level of the surrounding noise (background noise) is 60 dB, and if it is assumed that the distance between the two reflectors (distance between their adjacent peripheral edges) is 60 cm, and the diameter of each reflector is 90 cm, the sound signals issuing from the loudspeakers of the reflectors 51A, 51B are amplified through reflection and convergence and come to have sharp directivity, as described above.
  • the attenuation of the sound pressure level in the surroundings is large, as shown by the curve in Fig. 7, the sound from the reflector 51A is masked by the surrounding noise and therefore cannot be heard under the reflector 51B. The reverse is also true.
  • independent acoustic spaces are formed by the reflectors 51A, 51B, respectively.
  • the level of the surrounding noise i.e., the background noise
  • the levels of reflected and converging sound signals from the sound sources are 70 dB or more in the respective cases, and it can be appreciated that these sound signals are at very sufficient levels.
  • the level of the surrounding noise is about 50 dB at general places such as quiet exhibitions, and about 75 dB at noisy places, but in either case it is impossible to hear the outside sound within the areas of the respective reflectors unless sound pressure of the surrounding noise + 10 dB or more is present.
  • the acoustic apparatus of the invention can be used for presentation of adjacent panels using different contents or languages.
  • the acoustic apparatus can also be used as an acoustic facility in a train station or other public facilities for the purposes of public addressing or announcement only at a specific place for those having slight or moderate difficulty in hearing.
  • the acoustic apparatus is optimally suited as an acoustic facility in a section for those who are hard of hearing at concert halls, lecture halls, and the like.
  • the acoustic apparatus can be used for amplifying music so as to be heard only by a specific group of people or for making an announcement to specific people.
  • this acoustic apparatus is installed above a chair or a seat as an amplifier which does not require an earphone, it is possible to allow sound to be heard only by the user without causing trouble to others.
  • the acoustic apparatus is quite practical in the transmission of speech in international conferences, training facilities, and so on.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates a modification of the apparatus of this embodiment, showing an example in which acoustic apparatus 51A, 51B are constructed integrally with a ceiling panel 55 and are incorporated as a part of the structure. If this construction is adopted, the apparatus can be applied quite readily to various structures such as restaurants and conference halls.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
EP19900115030 1989-08-04 1990-08-03 Akustisches Gerät Expired - Lifetime EP0411671B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP202601/89 1989-08-04
JP1202601A JPH0832113B2 (ja) 1989-08-04 1989-08-04 補聴装置
JP202602/89 1989-08-04
JP1202602A JP2542563B2 (ja) 1989-08-04 1989-08-04 音響装置
JP2107441A JPH046599A (ja) 1990-04-25 1990-04-25 音響装置
JP107441/90 1990-04-25

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0411671A2 true EP0411671A2 (de) 1991-02-06
EP0411671A3 EP0411671A3 (en) 1991-10-09
EP0411671B1 EP0411671B1 (de) 1998-05-13

Family

ID=27310975

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900115030 Expired - Lifetime EP0411671B1 (de) 1989-08-04 1990-08-03 Akustisches Gerät

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0411671B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2022002C (de)
DE (1) DE69032304T2 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2971393A4 (de) * 2013-03-15 2016-11-16 Richard O'polka Tragbares audiosystem
US10149058B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-12-04 Richard O'Polka Portable sound system
CN114991327A (zh) * 2022-06-30 2022-09-02 中国矿业大学 隔声降噪装置
US11950049B2 (en) 2019-05-13 2024-04-02 Sony Group Corporation Acoustic reflector, speaker unit, and chair

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1782801A (en) * 1929-02-16 1930-11-25 Baehn Frederick Radio loud-speaker
US2643727A (en) * 1950-01-31 1953-06-30 Elipson S A Sound transmitting device with an ellipsoidal reflector
DE2508494A1 (de) * 1975-02-27 1976-09-02 Hansrichard Dipl Phys D Schulz Anordnung zum fokussieren von elektromagnetischen oder mechanischen wellen
GB1561164A (en) * 1977-03-14 1980-02-13 Electro Controls Inc Light-collecting reflector and stage-lighting spotlight
US4421200A (en) * 1981-12-16 1983-12-20 Ferralli Michael W Elliptically shaped transducer enclosure

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1782801A (en) * 1929-02-16 1930-11-25 Baehn Frederick Radio loud-speaker
US2643727A (en) * 1950-01-31 1953-06-30 Elipson S A Sound transmitting device with an ellipsoidal reflector
DE2508494A1 (de) * 1975-02-27 1976-09-02 Hansrichard Dipl Phys D Schulz Anordnung zum fokussieren von elektromagnetischen oder mechanischen wellen
GB1561164A (en) * 1977-03-14 1980-02-13 Electro Controls Inc Light-collecting reflector and stage-lighting spotlight
US4421200A (en) * 1981-12-16 1983-12-20 Ferralli Michael W Elliptically shaped transducer enclosure

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2971393A4 (de) * 2013-03-15 2016-11-16 Richard O'polka Tragbares audiosystem
US9560442B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-01-31 Richard O'Polka Portable sound system
US10149058B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-12-04 Richard O'Polka Portable sound system
US11950049B2 (en) 2019-05-13 2024-04-02 Sony Group Corporation Acoustic reflector, speaker unit, and chair
CN114991327A (zh) * 2022-06-30 2022-09-02 中国矿业大学 隔声降噪装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69032304D1 (de) 1998-06-18
CA2022002C (en) 1999-10-05
CA2022002A1 (en) 1991-02-05
DE69032304T2 (de) 1999-02-04
EP0411671B1 (de) 1998-05-13
EP0411671A3 (en) 1991-10-09

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