EP0408596A1 - Improved watertight, heat-insulated tank incorporated in the load-bearing structure of a ship. - Google Patents

Improved watertight, heat-insulated tank incorporated in the load-bearing structure of a ship.

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Publication number
EP0408596A1
EP0408596A1 EP19890903180 EP89903180A EP0408596A1 EP 0408596 A1 EP0408596 A1 EP 0408596A1 EP 19890903180 EP19890903180 EP 19890903180 EP 89903180 A EP89903180 A EP 89903180A EP 0408596 A1 EP0408596 A1 EP 0408596A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barrier
insulating barrier
primary
tank
plates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19890903180
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0408596B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Jean
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gaz Transport SARL
Original Assignee
Gaz Transport SARL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaz Transport SARL filed Critical Gaz Transport SARL
Publication of EP0408596A1 publication Critical patent/EP0408596A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0408596B1 publication Critical patent/EP0408596B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the production of sealed and thermally insulating tanks intended for the transport by sea of liquefied gases and, in particular, for the transport of liquefied natural gases with a high methane content.
  • the production of a sealed and insulating tank has already been described, integrated into the carrying structure of a ship and constituted by two successive sealing barriers, one primary, in contact with the transported liquefied gas, and a secondary, disposed between the primary barrier and the ship's supporting structure, these two sealing barriers being alternated with two layers of thermal insulation called "insulating barriers".
  • the primary and secondary insulating barriers are constituted by parallelepipedic boxes filled with an insulating material and the primary and secondary sealing barriers are constituted by metal strakes, for example invar, welded with raised edges on both sides. other of a welding wing.
  • the primary barrier was hung on the secondary barrier, without any connection with the carrying structure of the ship, which was very advantageous for the insulation characteristics.
  • the essential drawback stemmed from the fact that the installation of the strip insert and its welding wing was practically impossible in an automated manner, so that the cost of producing this device was prohibitive despite the good performance we got.
  • the welding wing created a sealed partition between two adjacent elements of said barrier, which made it very difficult to purge the primary barrier by circulation of inert gas or the control of the sealing for injection of tracer gases.
  • the object of the invention is to propose an embodiment of such a type of tank in which one can, on the one hand, use as elements of the primary insulating barrier, rigid plates providing good mechanical resistance to impact of the liquid in transport course, on the other hand, avoid the creation of direct thermal bridges between the barrier primary and the carrying structure of the ship and, finally, allow installation by automatic means in order to limit the cost of producing the tank.
  • the removal of the aforementioned direct thermal bridges led to thinking of an attachment of the primary barrier on the secondary barrier, but, as has already been indicated, the embodiment proposed in French patent 2,462,336 could not be envisaged.
  • the type of embodiment proposed according to the present invention uses a secondary insulating barrier constituted in a known manner of rigid boxes filled with insulating particulate material; the secondary sealing barrier is formed by invar strakes welded with raised edges on either side of a weld support retained on the boxes of the secondary insulating barrier; this same welding support is used to hold the elements of the primary insulating barrier; and on these elements, it is possible to arrange the type of primary sealing barrier that is desired.
  • the present invention therefore relates to the new industrial process that constitutes a sealed and insulating tank integrated into the carrying structure of a ship, said tank comprising two successive sealing barriers, one primary in contact with the product contained in the tank and the other secondary disposed between the primary barrier and the ship's supporting structure, these two sealing barriers being alternated with two barriers thermally insulating, the primary insulating barrier being held resiliently in abutment on the secondary sealing barrier by means of metal fastening means mechanically linked to the secondary insulating barrier and consisting of rigid substantially parallelepipedal plates between which pass the fastening means mentioned above, the secondary sealing barrier consisting of metal strakes with edges raised towards the inside of the tank, said strakes being made of thin sheet metal with low coefficient of expansion and being welded edge to edge, by their raised edges, on the two faces of a weld support which is mechanically retained on the elements of the secondary insulating barrier, said weld support constituting a part of an attachment means intended to mechanically retain the primary insulating barrier on the sealing barrier secondary,
  • the rigid plates of the primary insulating barrier have, opposite each weld support and over their entire length, a fixing lug, two square strips being welded on either side of the weld support and supported by their non-welded parts on said studs.
  • the elements of the secondary insulating barrier are internally partitioned boxes filled with a thermally insulating particulate material, each box comprising, in line with each groove intended for the installation of a means of hanging, a thick interior partition strongly fixed to the faces delimiting the box; each box of the secondary insulating barrier is made of plywood, the fixing of the thick internal partition in line with a groove being carried out by screws placed at the bottom of the groove; the elements of the secondary insulating barrier are all identical rectangular parallelepipeds, the retaining members used for holding the secondary insulating barrier on the carrying structure of the ship being aligned in two perpendicular directions, one of which is parallel to the grooves where are inserted the attachment means.
  • each retaining member comprises, on the one hand, a threaded stud welded by its base to the carrying structure of the ship and, on the other hand, a plate, which is supported, by screwing a nut on said stud, on a stud arranged at the edge of a box of the secondary insulating barrier, each plate bearing simultaneously on four studs of four adjacent boxes.
  • the rigid plates constituting said primary insulating barrier are formed of a layer of cellular material, such as balsa for example, enclosed of two rigid panels, for example of plywood, possibly connected together by their edges by means of rigid elements having the thickness of the layer of cellular material.
  • the primary sealing barrier is formed by metal strakes with edges raised towards the inside of the tank, said strakes being made of thin sheets with low coefficient of expansion, for example invar, and being welded edge to edge, by their raised edges, on both sides of a welding wing, which is mechanically retained by a joint cover of the primary insulating barrier;
  • the welding flange advantageously has a square profile, the short side of which is engaged in a groove formed over the entire length of the joint cover.
  • the primary sealing barrier is formed by an assembly of relatively thick rectangular sheets having corrugations in two perpendicular directions, said sheets being welded together with overlap and being welded by their edges to fixed metal strips. in rebates along the edges of the plates of the primary insulating barrier, said plates being rectangular parallelepipeds and the directions of the corrugations being parallel to the edges of the plates; such an embossed sealing barrier is of the type described in French patent 2,413,260.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in perspective with cutaway, a first embodiment of a tank according to the invention in which the primary sealing barrier consists of welded invar strakes with raised edges;
  • FIG. 2 shows, in exploded perspective with cutaway, the fixing of a box of the secondary insulation barrier on the load-bearing structure of the ship and the maintenance of the plates of the primary insulation barrier to the right of an interior partition of a box of the secondary insulation barrier;
  • Figure 3 shows, in section, the detail A of Figure 1, the section being made in a plane perpendicular to the weld support ensuring the maintenance of the primary barrier against the secondary barrier;
  • FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the tank of Figure 1 in which the primary sealing barrier consists of sheets having corrugations in two perpendicular directions and forming a primary embossed sealing barrier;
  • - Figure 5 shows a section similar to that of Figure 3 relating to detail B of Figure 4;
  • FIG. 6 schematically represents, in exploded perspective with cutaway, a possible embodiment of a tank angle for one or other of the variants of FIGS. 1 and 4.
  • boxes 4 have been put in place in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped; the cais ⁇ cns 4 are arranged next to each other and each stud 2 is at the point where four box corners 4 are adjacent.
  • One of the alignments of the studs 2 is parallel to the slats 3.
  • Each box 4 is constituted by a screwed or stapled assembly of plywood sheets and is filled with a particulate insulating material such as perlite.
  • Face 4a. of the box 4, which rests on the slats 3, projects slightly beyond those of the external transverse faces 4b of said box, which are parallel to the slats 3; the face 4a carries, at the edge of the box, tenons 5 with which is ensured the maintenance of the box 4 against the carrying structure of the ship; in fact, a square plate 6 is made to cooperate with each stud 2, which rests on the four studs 5 of four adjacent boxes, the plate being held on the stud by means of a nut 7, which is screwed on the end free threaded stud 2.
  • the face 4a of the box 4 projects only relative to the transverse faces of said boxes, which are parallel to the slats 3, and the pins 5 only extend over these projecting parts over a short length, as it is clearly visible in Figure 1.
  • the pins 5 have a thickness of 18 mm measured perpendicular to the face 4a of the box and they are glued and stapled on the faces of the box against which they are supported.
  • the boxes 4 therefore come side-by-side along their transverse faces, which are perpendicular to the average lines of the slats 3, but are spaced from each other in line with the studs 5, which constitutes a joint zone that the is filled with an insulating material 8 forming a strip, which ensures the continuity of the surface formed by all of the faces 4c of the boxes 4 which are parallel to the load-bearing structure 1 of the ship but are spaced from it due to the thickness of the boxes defined by the dimensions of the transverse faces 4b.
  • the boxes 4 are internally partitioned and the faces 4c each carry two grooves 9 having a T profile.
  • the grooves 9 are formed in the thickness of the face 4c and the part, which constitutes the core of the T, opens out towards the outside of the box.
  • the middle lines of the two grooves 9 of a box are perpendicular to the middle lines of the slats 3; they are symmetrical with respect to the center of the face 4c and their spacing is equal to half the width of the box measured parallel to the slats 3.
  • each of these grooves 9 there is disposed, inside the box 4 , a thick partition 4d, which is fixed inside the box by stapling on the faces 4a and 4b by means of staples 10a and by screwing on the face 4c by means of screws 10.
  • the screws 10 are arranged in the thickness of the partition 4d and they are placed at the bottom of the grooves 9; their introduction into the grooves 9 is made possible by providing enlarged zones 11 which allow the heads of the screws 10 to pass, as is clearly visible in FIG. 2.
  • a hooking means 12 is introduced which is constituted by a strip of invar having an L profile, the short side of the L being introduced into one of the wings of the T groove.
  • the long side passes through the core of the T-shaped groove and therefore constitutes a projection relative to the face 4c of the box 4, in the direction of the interior of the tank.
  • the screws 10 which are at the bottom of the groove 9 do not in any way interfere with the positioning of the attachment means 12.
  • the long side of the attachment means 12 constitutes a weld support 12a on either side from which come weld the raised edges 13a of invar strakes which constitute the secondary sealing barrier of the tank according to the invention.
  • Invar strakes 13 have a thickness of approximately ⁇ , 7 mm and a width between raised edges 13a equal to the distance between two consecutive grooves 9.
  • the secondary sealing barrier thus formed rests continuously on the faces 4c of the boxes 4 and the edges of the insulating strips 8 placed between the boxes 4.
  • the welding supports 12a form the projections, which extend widely beyond the raised edges 13a. strakes 13.
  • the primary insulating barrier consists of rigid rectangular plates 14 having a width equal to the distance between two raised edges 13a. strakes 13; the length of the plates 14 is equal to the length of the boxes 4 measured parallel to the grooves 9.
  • Each plate 14 consists of a balsa core 14b covered on either side by a 9 mm plywood panel d 'thickness, the assembly having a thickness of 50 mm.
  • the plywood panel, which rests on a window 13, has been designated by 14a; this panel 14a overflows on either side of the balsa core 14b.
  • the balsa core 14b is bordered by a transverse spacer 14c, said spacer maintaining the spacing between the panel 14a, on the one hand, and the panel 14d, which covers the core of balsa 14b. on its other side.
  • a fixing stud 15 On the projecting part of the panel 14a. and over the entire length of the plate 14 is arranged a fixing stud 15; the fixing studs 15 of two adjacent plates 14 are arranged on either side of the weld support 12a, the length of this weld support being such that it protrudes beyond the studs 15.
  • the plates 14 On the angle corresponding to the connection of the panel 14d and the spacer 14c, the plates 14 have a member allowing the establishment, between two adjacent plates 14, of a flat joint cover 16, which closes the volume comprised between two spacers 14c of two adjacent plates 14.
  • the joint cover 16 is fixed by clips 17 on the spacers 14c; one of its longitudinal faces is opposite the free end of the welding support 12a and its other longitudinal face is an extension of the external faces of the panels 14d of the plates 14.
  • the joint cover 16 is made of plywood of a thickness of 12 mm.
  • each joint cover 16 a T-groove 19 is made which extends over the entire length of the joint cover and which receives a weld wing 20 having an L-shaped profile.
  • the T-groove 19 is identical to the T-groove 9; one of the wings of the T receives the short side of the welding wing 20, while the web of the T is crossed by the long side 20a on the side and other from which come the raised edges 21a of invar strakes 21, which constitute the primary sealing barrier of the tank according to the invention.
  • the strakes 21 are identical to the strakes 13; the raised edges 21a are continuously welded on either side of the long side 20a of the welding wing 20; strakes 21 rest on a continuous rigid surface formed by panels 14d. plates 14 and joint covers 16.
  • the integrated tanks are subjected to start-up phases during which the air contained in the primary and secondary barriers is purged by sending a stream of nitrogen under a slight overpressure, generally limited to 30 millibars.
  • This purging with an inert gas generates forces tending to tear off the insulation; the embodiment described above allows these forces to be absorbed perfectly: the tearing forces are transmitted by the angle bands 18 on the weld support 12a; el are transmitted by the cooperation of the welding support and ia groove 9 to the face 4c which is screwed on the thick eleison 4d; the thicknesses adopted for partitions 4c and 4d are approximately 12 mm for boxes having dimensions of 1.2 m ⁇ 1 m.
  • the partition 4d transmits these forces to the face 4a which, by the studs 5, transfers them to the studs 2. It has been found that this arrangement makes it possible, without inconvenience, to detach the studs 2 from the breakout forces of 360 kg per meter of welding support.
  • Figures 4 and 5 relate to a second embodiment.
  • the secondary insulating barrier and the secondary sealing barrier are strictly identical to those which have been described in detail for the first embodiment. Consequently, they will not be described again, but the various corresponding elements have been designated in FIGS. 4 and 5 by reference numbers corresponding to those of the first embodiment increased by 100; these elements are therefore those whose references are between 101 and 113.
  • the constitution of the primary insulating barrier of this second embodiment is slightly different from that provided for the first embodiment.
  • the constituent elements of this primary insulating barrier are rigid plates 114 made up of a balsa core 114b . sandwiched between two plywood panels 114a, 114d. This general structure is entirely analogous to that of the plates 14 of the first embodiment.
  • the joint cover 116 which has a cutout 116a making it possible to accommodate, in the thickness of the joint cover 116, the end of the weld support 112a. associated with the two wings of the two welding strips, which are arranged on either side of said support.
  • the joint cover 116 has a thickness which makes it possible to completely fill the free space existing at the level of the studs 115, so that one can have, on the assembly constituted by the panels 114d and the joint covers 116, a barrier of primary sealing by benefiting from a continuous support.
  • the primary sealing barrier is constituted by embossed cryogenic steel sheets, welded with overlap. These sheets 121 have a thickness of approximately 1.2 mm and they have dimensions of 3.00 m ⁇ 1.20 m. Each sheet 121 has corrugations 121a, 121b in two directions parallel to the edges of the sheet. One of the edges of the sheet is arranged parallel to the middle line of the joint covers 116. In line with some of the connections of the plates 114 of the primary insulating barrier, rebates are provided in which metal strips 122 are put in place, which are screwed onto the panels 114a. plates 114.
  • the arrangement of these metal strips 122 makes it possible to place the sheets 121 on the primary insulating barrier, so that the edges of a sheet are always located in line with a metal strip 122; the edges of the sheets 121 are welded by points on the metal strips 122 and two adjacent sheets 121 are placed so that their edges overlap. A continuous weld is then provided between each sheet 121 and the adjacent sheets in order to obtain the sealing of the primary sealing barrier.
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a tank angle which can be used both for the variant of FIG. 1 and for the variant of FIG. 4.
  • the supporting structure of the ship has been designated by 1 but it could as well be designated by 101.
  • the supporting structure 1 comprises welded wings 201, 202.
  • the distance from the wings 201 to the tank angle 200 corresponds to the thickness of the secondary insulation barrier.
  • 201 and 202 corresponds to the thickness of the primary insulation barrier.
  • the beam 206 has a square cross section whose side is equal to the distance which separates the wings 201 and 202; at the four vertices of the square, the faces of the beam extend outward to form angled wings similar to the wings 205a, 205b.
  • the beam 206 therefore has a section 206c; a parailissepilvesdique volume is delimited on both sides of the edge 200 between the plate 205, the supporting structure 1 and the wings 202 and 206c.
  • This parallelepiped volume is filled by means of three insulating elements 207, 208, 209, the middle element 209 being placed last as shown in FIG. 6.
  • These two parailelepiped volumes are then closed by plates 210 which are welds continuously along their edges on the wings 202 and 206c.
  • the beam 206 With respect to the plane of each of the plates 210, the beam 206 then has two projecting wings 206d, 206e., The two wings 206e being connected at right angles to the same edge of the beam 206.
  • the volume comprised between the supporting structure 1 and the wing 206d corresponds to the thickness of the secondary insulation barrier and, consequently, the wing 206 ⁇ _ allows the connection by welding of the secondary sealing barrier.
  • the distance between the wings 206d. and 206th. corresponds to the thickness of the primary insulation barrier and, therefore, the 206th wings. allow the connection by welding of the primary sealing barriers. It can therefore be seen that a tank angle has thus been achieved by ensuring, on the one hand, the continuity of the thermal insulation and, on the other hand, the continuity of the sealing of the primary and secondary barriers.

Abstract

Cette cuve comporte deux barrières d'étanchéité primaire (21) et secondaire (13) alternées avec deux barrières isolantes. La barrière isolante primaire (14) est maintenue en appui sur la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire (13) grâce à des bandes (12 a) à profil en L, qui sont retenues par une rainure (9) sur les caissons (4) de la barrière isolante secondaire. La barrière isolante primaire est maintenue en prenant appui sur la bande (12 a) grâce à des équerres soudées, ladite bande servant également à la soudure de deux virures adjacentes (13) de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire.This tank has two primary (21) and secondary (13) sealing barriers alternated with two insulating barriers. The primary insulating barrier (14) is held in abutment on the secondary sealing barrier (13) by means of strips (12 a) with L-profile, which are retained by a groove (9) on the boxes (4) of the secondary insulating barrier. The primary insulating barrier is maintained by bearing on the strip (12a) by means of welded brackets, said strip also serving to weld two adjacent strakes (13) of the secondary sealing barrier.

Description

CUVE ETANCHE ET THERMIQUENENT ISOLANTE PERFECTIONNEE, INTEGREE A LA STRUCTURE PORTEUSE D'UN NAVIRE. IMPROVED WATERPROOF AND THERMALLY INSULATING TANK, INTEGRATED INTO THE CARRIER STRUCTURE OF A VESSEL.
La présente invention a trait à la réalisation de cuves étanches et thermiquement isolantes destinées au transport par mer des gaz liquéfiés et, en particulier, au transport des gaz naturels liquéfiés à forte teneur en méthane.The present invention relates to the production of sealed and thermally insulating tanks intended for the transport by sea of liquefied gases and, in particular, for the transport of liquefied natural gases with a high methane content.
Dans les brevets français 1 438 330, 2 105 710 et 2 146 612, on a déjà décrit la réalisation d'une cuve étanche et isolante, intégrée à la structure porteuse d'un navire et constituée par deux barrières d'etancheite successives, une primaire, au contact avec le gaz liquéfié transporté, et une secondaire, disposée entre la barrière primaire et la structure porteuse du navire, ces deux barrières d'etancheite étant alternées avec deux couches d'isolation thermique appelées "barrières isolantes". Dans ces réalisations, les barrières isolantes primaire et secondaire sont constituées par des caisses parallélépipediques remplies d'un calorifuge et les barrières d'etancheite primaire et secondaire sont constituées par des virures métalliques, par exemple en invar, soudées à bords relevés de part et d'autre d'une aile de soudure. Dans le brevet français 2 462 336, on a proposé une réalisation de cuve dans laquelle la barrière isolante secondaire était réalisée par une couche épaisse de matériau alvéolaire fixée contre la structure porteuse du navire, la barrière isolante primaire étant, constituée d'une plaque rigide présentant notamment un avantage sur le plan de la résistance mécanique. En effet, la rigidité des plaques de la barrière isolante primaire permettait une meilleure résistance vis-à-vis des chocs produits sur les parois de la cuve par les mouvements du liquide en cours de transport, mouvements qui sont dûs au roulis et au tangage du navire. Pour maintenir élastiquement la barrière isolante primaire en appui sur la barrière d'etancheite secondaire, on avait proposé de mettre en place dans la couche de matériau alvéolaire, qui constituait la barrière isolante secondaire, un insert-bande sur lequel était fixée une aile de soudure ; sur cette aile de soudure, on venait souder, d'une part, les bords relevés des virures de la barrière d'etancheite secondaire, d'autre part, les bords relevés de deux lamelles de maintien qui appuyaient les plaques de la barrière isolante primaire contre la barrière d'etancheite secondaire et, enfin, les bords relevés des virures constituant la barrière d'etancheite primaire. Dans cette réalisation, la barrière primaire était accrochée sur la barrière secondaire, sans liaison aucune avec la structure porteuse du navire, ce qui était très avantageux pour les caractéristiques d'isolation. Mais, l'inconvénient essentiel provenait du fait que la mise en place de l'insert-bande et de son aile de soudure était pratiquement impossible de façon automatisée, de sorte q:ue le coût de réalisation de ce dispositif s'avérait prohibitif malgré les bonnes performances que l'on obtenait. En outre, au niveau de la barrière isolante primaire, l'aile de soudure créait un cloisonnement étanche entre deux éléments adjacents de ladite barrière, ce qui rendait très difficile la purge de la barrière primaire par circulation de gaz inerte ou le contrôle de l'étanchéité pour injection de gaz traceurs.In French patents 1,438,330, 2,105,710 and 2,146,612, the production of a sealed and insulating tank has already been described, integrated into the carrying structure of a ship and constituted by two successive sealing barriers, one primary, in contact with the transported liquefied gas, and a secondary, disposed between the primary barrier and the ship's supporting structure, these two sealing barriers being alternated with two layers of thermal insulation called "insulating barriers". In these embodiments, the primary and secondary insulating barriers are constituted by parallelepipedic boxes filled with an insulating material and the primary and secondary sealing barriers are constituted by metal strakes, for example invar, welded with raised edges on both sides. other of a welding wing. In French patent 2,462,336, a tank has been proposed in which the secondary insulating barrier is produced by a thick layer of cellular material fixed against the load-bearing structure of the ship, the primary insulating barrier being made up of a rigid plate. having in particular an advantage in terms of mechanical strength. In fact, the rigidity of the plates of the primary insulating barrier allowed better resistance to shocks produced on the walls of the tank by the movements of the liquid during transport, movements which are due to rolling and pitching of the ship. To elastically maintain the primary insulating barrier in abutment on the secondary sealing barrier, it had been proposed to place in the layer of cellular material, which constituted the secondary insulating barrier, a strip insert on which a welding wing was fixed. ; on this welding wing, we came to weld, on the one hand, the raised edges of the strakes of the secondary sealing barrier, on the other hand, the raised edges of two retaining strips which supported the plates of the primary insulating barrier against the secondary seal barrier and, finally, the raised edges of the strakes constituting the primary seal barrier. In this embodiment, the primary barrier was hung on the secondary barrier, without any connection with the carrying structure of the ship, which was very advantageous for the insulation characteristics. However, the essential drawback stemmed from the fact that the installation of the strip insert and its welding wing was practically impossible in an automated manner, so that the cost of producing this device was prohibitive despite the good performance we got. In addition, at the level of the primary insulating barrier, the welding wing created a sealed partition between two adjacent elements of said barrier, which made it very difficult to purge the primary barrier by circulation of inert gas or the control of the sealing for injection of tracer gases.
Dans le brevet français 2 504 882, on a proposé une réalisation de ce type de cuve, qui permettait d'utiliser des barrières d'etancheite primaire autres que celles constituées par des virures de tôle mince d'invar soudées à bords relevés. Dans l'une des variantes envisagées, on propose d'utiliser une barrière isolante secondaire constituée de caisses parallélépipediques remplies de calorifuge et une barrière isolante primaire constituée de plaques formées par une couche alvéolaire assemblée à un panneau rigide. Ce type de structure présentait l'avantage de conserver pour l'essentiel le bénéfice de la rigidité de la barrière isolante primaire telle qu'elle avait été proposée dans le brevet 2 462 336 précité et elle permettait, en outre, d'utiliser différents types de barrière d'etancheite primaire, notamment celles constituées par un assemblage de tôles d'acier cryogénique gaufrées soudées à recouvrement comme proposé dans le brevet français 2 413 260. Les réalisations proposées permettaient également d'éviter l'inconvénient susmentionné inhérent au système décrit dans le brevet français 2 462 336, mais malheureusement, ce dispositif présentait un grave défaut : en effet, la barrière primaire était accrochée directement sur la structure porteuse du navire par des organes d'ancrage, qui traversaient la barrière d'etancheite secondaire. Or, il s'est avéré que cette technique était susceptible de générer, dans certaines conditions, des zones de concentration de contraintes, ce qui est défavorable sur le plan de la sécurité ; et, de plus, on établissait par les organes d'ancrage un pont thermique direct entre la barrière primaire et la structure porteuse du navire, ce qui était défavorable sur le plan des performances d' iso lation. Le but de l'invention est de proposer une réalisation d'un tel type de cuve dans laquelle on puisse, d'une part, utiliser comme éléments de la barrière isolante primaire, des plaques rigides fournissant une bonne résistance mécanique aux chocs du liquide en cours de transport, d'autre part, éviter la création de ponts thermiques directs entre la barrière primaire et la structure porteuse du navire et, enfin, permettre une mise en place par des moyens automatiques afin de limiter le coût de réalisation de la cuve. La suppression des ponts thermiques directs susmentionnés conduisait à penser à un accrochage de la barrière primaire sur la barrière secondaire mais, contre il a déjà été indiqué, la réalisation proposée dans le brevet français 2 462 336 ne pouvait être envisagée. De plus, il était souhaitable de trouver une solution qui permette d'utiliser, comme barrière d'écanahéité primaire, non seulement un assemblage de virures à bords relevés en invar, mais également un assemblage de tôles épaisses gaufrées, ce qui n'était pas le cas du dispositif décrit dans le brevet français 2 462 336 précité.In French patent 2 504 882, an embodiment of this type of tank was proposed, which made it possible to use primary sealing barriers other than those constituted by strakes of thin invar sheet welded with raised edges. In one of the variants envisaged, it is proposed to use a secondary insulating barrier consisting of parallelepipedic boxes filled with thermal insulation and a primary insulating barrier consisting of plates formed by a cellular layer assembled to a rigid panel. This type of structure had the advantage of essentially retaining the benefit of the rigidity of the primary insulating barrier as it was proposed in the aforementioned patent 2 462 336 and it also made it possible to use different types primary sealing barrier, in particular those formed by an assembly of embossed cryogenic steel sheets welded to overlap as proposed in French Patent 2,413,260. The embodiments proposed also made it possible to avoid the aforementioned drawback inherent in the system described in French Patent 2,462,336, but unfortunately, this device had a serious defect: in fact, the primary barrier was hung directly on the carrying structure of the ship by anchoring members, which crossed the secondary sealing barrier. However, it turned out that this technique was capable of generating, under certain conditions, stress concentration zones, which is unfavorable from the security point of view; and, in addition, a direct thermal bridge was established by the anchoring members between the primary barrier and the load-bearing structure of the ship, which was unfavorable in terms of insulation performance. The object of the invention is to propose an embodiment of such a type of tank in which one can, on the one hand, use as elements of the primary insulating barrier, rigid plates providing good mechanical resistance to impact of the liquid in transport course, on the other hand, avoid the creation of direct thermal bridges between the barrier primary and the carrying structure of the ship and, finally, allow installation by automatic means in order to limit the cost of producing the tank. The removal of the aforementioned direct thermal bridges led to thinking of an attachment of the primary barrier on the secondary barrier, but, as has already been indicated, the embodiment proposed in French patent 2,462,336 could not be envisaged. In addition, it was desirable to find a solution which made it possible to use, as a primary barrier, not only an assembly of strakes with raised edges in invar, but also an assembly of thick embossed sheets, which was not the case of the device described in the aforementioned French patent 2,462,336.
Le type de réalisation proposé selon la présente invention met en oeuvre une barrière isolante secondaire constituée de façon connue de caisses rigides remplies de matériau particulaire isolant ; la barrière d'etancheite secondaire est constituée par des virures d'invar soudées à bords relevés de part et d'autre d'un support de soudure retenu sur les caisses de la barrière isolante secondaire ; ce même support de soudure sert à maintenir les éléments de la barrière isolante primaire ; et sur ces éléments, il est possible de disposer le type de barrière d'etancheite primaire que l'on désire.The type of embodiment proposed according to the present invention uses a secondary insulating barrier constituted in a known manner of rigid boxes filled with insulating particulate material; the secondary sealing barrier is formed by invar strakes welded with raised edges on either side of a weld support retained on the boxes of the secondary insulating barrier; this same welding support is used to hold the elements of the primary insulating barrier; and on these elements, it is possible to arrange the type of primary sealing barrier that is desired.
La présente invention a donc pour objet le procuit industriel nouveau que constitue une cuve étanche et isolante intégrée à la structure porteuse d'un navire, ladite cuve comportant deux barrières d'etancheite successives, l'une primaire au contact avec le produit contenu dans la cuve et l'autre secondaire disposée entre la barrière primaire et la structure porteuse du navire, ces deux barrières d' éranchéité étant alternées avec deux barrières thermiquement isolantes, la barrière isolante primaire étant maintenue élastaquement en appui sur la barrière d'etancheite secondaire grâce à des moyens d'accrochage métalliques mécaniquement liés à la barrière isolante secondaire et étant constituée de plaques rigides sensiblement parallélépipediques entre lesquelles passent les moyens d'accrochage précités, la barrière d'etancheite secondaire étant constituée par des virures métalliques à bords relevés vers l'intérieur de la cuve, lesdites virures étant réalisées en tôle mince à faible coefficient de dilatation et étant soudées bord à bord, par leurs bords relevés, sur les deux faces d'un support de soudure qui est retenu mécaniquement sur les éléments de la barrière isolante secondaire, ledit support de soudure constituant une partie d'un moyen d'accrochage destiné à retenir mécaniquement la barrière isolante primaire sur la barrière d'etancheite secondaire, caractérisé par le fait que : a) de façon connue en soi, la barrière isolante secondaire est constituée par un ensemble d'éléments calorifuges secondaires sensiblement parallélépipédiques fixés contre la structure porteuse du navire par des organes de retenue solidaires de ladite structure porteuse, qui coopèrent avec des fixations disposées en bordure des éléments de la barrière isolante secondaire, lesdits éléments étant séparés les uns des autres par des zones de joint sensiblement rectilignes où se trouvent disposés les organes de retenue précités ; b) les moyens d'accrochage sont des bandes à profil en L comportant chacune un petit côté et un grand côté formant une équerre, le grand côté constituant le support de soudure et le petit côté étant inséré dans une rainure pratiquée dans celle des faces d'un élément calorifuge secondaire qui supporte la barrière d'etancheite secondaire, l'extrémité libre du support de soudure étant en retrait par rapport au plar. de la barrière d'etancheite primaire ; c) les plaques rigides de la barrière isolante primaire comportent, en vis-à-vis de chaque support de soudure et sur toute leur longueur, un tenon de fixation, deux bandes en équerre étant soudées de part et d'autre du support de soudure et s'appuyant par leurs parties non soudées sur lesdits tenons. Dans un mode préféré de réalisation, les éléments de la barrière isolante secondaire sont des caissons cloisonnés intérieurement et remplis d'un matériau particulaire thermiquement isolant, chaque caisson comportant, au droit de chaque rainure destinée à la mise en place d'un moyen d'accrochage, une cloison intérieure épaisse fortement fixée aux faces délimitant le caisson ; chaque caisson de la barrière isolante secondaire est réalisé en bois contrepiaqué, la fixation de la cloison intérieure épaisse au droit d'une rainure étant réalisée par des vis mises en place en fond de rainure ; les éléments de la barrière isolante secondaire sont des parallélépipèdes rectangles tous identiques, les organes de retenue utilisés pour le maintien de la barrière isolante secondaire sur la structure porteuse du navire étant alignés selon deux directions perpendiculaires, dont l'une est parallèle aux rainures où sont insérés les moyens d'accrochage.The present invention therefore relates to the new industrial process that constitutes a sealed and insulating tank integrated into the carrying structure of a ship, said tank comprising two successive sealing barriers, one primary in contact with the product contained in the tank and the other secondary disposed between the primary barrier and the ship's supporting structure, these two sealing barriers being alternated with two barriers thermally insulating, the primary insulating barrier being held resiliently in abutment on the secondary sealing barrier by means of metal fastening means mechanically linked to the secondary insulating barrier and consisting of rigid substantially parallelepipedal plates between which pass the fastening means mentioned above, the secondary sealing barrier consisting of metal strakes with edges raised towards the inside of the tank, said strakes being made of thin sheet metal with low coefficient of expansion and being welded edge to edge, by their raised edges, on the two faces of a weld support which is mechanically retained on the elements of the secondary insulating barrier, said weld support constituting a part of an attachment means intended to mechanically retain the primary insulating barrier on the sealing barrier secondary, characterized in that: a ) in a manner known per se, the secondary insulating barrier consists of a set of substantially parallelepipedal secondary heat-insulating elements fixed against the load-bearing structure of the ship by retaining members integral with said load-bearing structure, which cooperate with fasteners arranged at the edges elements of the secondary insulating barrier, said elements being separated from each other by substantially rectilinear joint zones where the aforementioned retaining members are located; b) the hooking means are L-profile strips each having a short side and a long side forming a square, the long side constituting the weld support and the short side being inserted in a groove formed in that of the faces d '' a secondary insulating element which supports the secondary sealing barrier, the free end of the weld support being set back relative to the plar. the primary seal barrier; c) the rigid plates of the primary insulating barrier have, opposite each weld support and over their entire length, a fixing lug, two square strips being welded on either side of the weld support and supported by their non-welded parts on said studs. In a preferred embodiment, the elements of the secondary insulating barrier are internally partitioned boxes filled with a thermally insulating particulate material, each box comprising, in line with each groove intended for the installation of a means of hanging, a thick interior partition strongly fixed to the faces delimiting the box; each box of the secondary insulating barrier is made of plywood, the fixing of the thick internal partition in line with a groove being carried out by screws placed at the bottom of the groove; the elements of the secondary insulating barrier are all identical rectangular parallelepipeds, the retaining members used for holding the secondary insulating barrier on the carrying structure of the ship being aligned in two perpendicular directions, one of which is parallel to the grooves where are inserted the attachment means.
Selon un mode de réalisation spécifique, chaque organe de retenue comporte, d'une part, un goujon fileté soudé par sa base sur la structure porteuse du navire et, d'autre part, une plaquette, qui s'appuie, par vissage d'un écrou sur ledit goujon, sur un tenon disposé en bordure d'un caisson de la barrière isolante secondaire, chaque plaquette prenant appui simultanément sur quatre tenons de quatre caissons adjacents. De façon connue, on peut faire en sorte que les éléments de la barrière isolante secondaire s'appuient sur la structure porteuse du navire par l'intermédiaire de lattes parallèles reposant sur des boudins de résine polymérisable, ces lattes reconstituant, par éléments discontinus, une surface géométrique définie, indépendante des écarts aléatoires de la structure porteuse par rapport à sa surface théorique. Il existe, bien entendu, des zones de joint entre les éléments de la barrière d'isolation secondaire en raison de la présence des tenons et des organes de retenue : on peut avantageusement prévoir que ces zones de joint soient remplies de matériau iseiant. Pour assurer un appui continu de la barrière d'etancheite primaire, on peut prévoir, au droit de chaque support de soudure et des tenons des plaques de la barrière isolante primaire avec lesquels il coopère, un couvre-joint, dont la face orientée vers l'intérieur de la cuve est au niveau des faces des plaques de la barrière isolante primaire qui supporte la barrière d'etancheite primaire. Selon un mode de réalisation intéressant conduisant à bénéficier d'une bonne résistance mécanique de la barrière isolante primaire, les plaques rigides constitutives de ladite barrière isolante primaire sont formées d'une couche d'un matériau alvéolaire, tel que le balsa par exemple, enserrée de deux panneaux rigides, par exemple en bois contreplaqué, éventuellement reliés entre eux par leurs bordures au moyen d'éléments rigides ayant l'épaisseur de la couche de matériau alvéolaire.According to a specific embodiment, each retaining member comprises, on the one hand, a threaded stud welded by its base to the carrying structure of the ship and, on the other hand, a plate, which is supported, by screwing a nut on said stud, on a stud arranged at the edge of a box of the secondary insulating barrier, each plate bearing simultaneously on four studs of four adjacent boxes. In known manner, it is possible to ensure that the elements of the secondary insulating barrier rest on the load-bearing structure of the ship by means of parallel slats resting on strands of polymerizable resin, these slats reconstituting, by discontinuous elements, a defined geometric surface, independent of the random deviations of the load-bearing structure from its theoretical surface. There are, of course, joint zones between the elements of the secondary insulation barrier due to the presence of the pins and retaining members: it is advantageous to provide that these joint zones are filled with insulating material. To ensure continuous support of the primary sealing barrier, it is possible to provide, at the level of each weld support and studs of the plates of the primary insulating barrier with which it cooperates, a joint cover, the side of which faces towards the he interior of the tank is at the level of the faces of the plates of the primary insulating barrier which supports the primary sealing barrier. According to an interesting embodiment leading to benefit from good mechanical resistance of the primary insulating barrier, the rigid plates constituting said primary insulating barrier are formed of a layer of cellular material, such as balsa for example, enclosed of two rigid panels, for example of plywood, possibly connected together by their edges by means of rigid elements having the thickness of the layer of cellular material.
Dans une première variante, la barrière d'etancheite primaire est formée par des virures métalliques à bords relevés vers l'intérieur de la cuve, lesdites virures étant constituées de tôles minces à faible coefficient de dilatation, par exemple en invar, et étant soudées bord à bord, par leurs bords relevés, sur les deux faces d'une aile de soudure, qui est retenue mécaniquement par un couvre-joint de la barrière isolante primaire ; l'aile de soudure a avantageusement un profil en équerre, dont le petit côté est engagé dans une rainure pratiquée sur toute la longueur du couvre-joint.In a first variant, the primary sealing barrier is formed by metal strakes with edges raised towards the inside of the tank, said strakes being made of thin sheets with low coefficient of expansion, for example invar, and being welded edge to edge, by their raised edges, on both sides of a welding wing, which is mechanically retained by a joint cover of the primary insulating barrier; the welding flange advantageously has a square profile, the short side of which is engaged in a groove formed over the entire length of the joint cover.
Dans une autre variante de réalisation, la barrière d'etancheite primaire est formée par un assemblage de tôles rectangulaires relativement épaisses comportant des ondulations selon deux directions perpendiculaires, lesdites tôles étant soudées entre elles à recouvrement et étant soudées par leurs bords sur des bandes métalliques fixées dans des feuillures le long des bordures des plaques de la barrière isolante primaire, lesdites plaques étant des parallélépipèdes rectangles et les directions des ondulations étant parallèles aux bords des plaques ; une telle barrière d'etancheite gaufrée est du type de celle qui est décrite dans le brevet français 2 413 260.In another alternative embodiment, the primary sealing barrier is formed by an assembly of relatively thick rectangular sheets having corrugations in two perpendicular directions, said sheets being welded together with overlap and being welded by their edges to fixed metal strips. in rebates along the edges of the plates of the primary insulating barrier, said plates being rectangular parallelepipeds and the directions of the corrugations being parallel to the edges of the plates; such an embossed sealing barrier is of the type described in French patent 2,413,260.
Pour mieux faire comprendre l'objet de l'invention, on va en décrire maintenant, à titre d'exemples purement illustratifs et non limitatifs, deux modes de réalisation représentés sur le dessin annexé.To better understand the object of the invention, we will now describe, by way of purely illustrative and nonlimiting examples, two embodiments shown in the accompanying drawing.
Sur ce dessin :On this drawing :
- la figure 1 représente, en perspective avec arrachement, un premier mode de réalisation d'une cuve selon l'invention dans laquelle la barrière d'etancheite primaire est constituée de virures en invar soudées à bords relevés ;- Figure 1 shows, in perspective with cutaway, a first embodiment of a tank according to the invention in which the primary sealing barrier consists of welded invar strakes with raised edges;
- la figure 2 représente, en perspective éclatée avec arrachement, la fixation d'un caisson de la barrière d'isolation secondaire sur la structure porteuse du navire et le maintien des plaques de la barrière d'isolation primaire au droit d'une cloison intérieure d'un caisson de la barrière d'isolation secondaire ;- Figure 2 shows, in exploded perspective with cutaway, the fixing of a box of the secondary insulation barrier on the load-bearing structure of the ship and the maintenance of the plates of the primary insulation barrier to the right of an interior partition of a box of the secondary insulation barrier;
- la figure 3 représente, en coupe, le détail A de la figure 1, la coupe étant réalisée dans un plan perpendiculaire au support de soudure assurant le maintien de la barrière primaire contre la barrière secondaire ;- Figure 3 shows, in section, the detail A of Figure 1, the section being made in a plane perpendicular to the weld support ensuring the maintenance of the primary barrier against the secondary barrier;
- la figure 4 représente une variante de réalisation de la cuve de la figure 1 dans laquelle la barrière d'etancheite primaire est constituée de tôles comportant des ondulations selon deux directions perpendiculaires et formant une barrière d'etancheite primaire gaufrée ; - la figure 5 représente une coupe analogue à celle de la figure 3 portant sur le détail B de la figure 4 ;- Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the tank of Figure 1 in which the primary sealing barrier consists of sheets having corrugations in two perpendicular directions and forming a primary embossed sealing barrier; - Figure 5 shows a section similar to that of Figure 3 relating to detail B of Figure 4;
- la figure 6 représente schématiquement, en perspective éclatée avec arrachement, un mode de réalisation possible d'un angle de cuve pour l'une ou l'autre des variantes des figures 1 et 4.FIG. 6 schematically represents, in exploded perspective with cutaway, a possible embodiment of a tank angle for one or other of the variants of FIGS. 1 and 4.
En se référant aux figures 1 à 3, on voit que l'on a désigné par 1 la paroi épaisse, qui constitue la structure porteuse du navire. Sur la paroi 1, on a soudé, selon deux directions perpendiculaires, des goujons filetés 2 régulièrement espacés ; les goujons 2 sont réalisés en acier inoxydable. On a mis en place sur la structure porteuse du navire un réseau de lattes parallèles 3 reposant sur des boudins de résine polymérisable, ces lattes 3 reconstituant, par éléments discontinus, une surface géométrique définie, indépendante des écarts aléatoires de la structure porteuse par rapport à sa surface théorique. Sur les lattes 3, on a mis en place des caissons 4 en forme de parallélépipède rectangle ; les caisεcns 4 sont disposés les uns à côté des autres et chaque goujon 2 se trouve au point où quatre coins de caisson 4 sont adjacents. L'un des alignements des goujons 2 est parallèle aux lattes 3.Referring to Figures 1 to 3, we see that we have designated by 1 the thick wall, which constitutes the load-bearing structure of the ship. On the wall 1, threaded studs 2 are regularly welded in two perpendicular directions; the studs 2 are made of stainless steel. A network of parallel slats 3 has been put in place on the ship's supporting structure 3 resting on strands of polymerizable resin, these slats 3 reconstituting, by discontinuous elements, a defined geometric surface, independent of the random deviations of the carrying structure from its theoretical surface. On the slats 3, boxes 4 have been put in place in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped; the caisεcns 4 are arranged next to each other and each stud 2 is at the point where four box corners 4 are adjacent. One of the alignments of the studs 2 is parallel to the slats 3.
Chaque caisson 4 est constitué par un assemblage vissé ou agrafé de plaques de bois contreplaqué et est rempli d'un matériau particulaire isolant tel que la perlite. La face 4a. du caisson 4, qui repose sur les lattes 3, déborde légèrement par rapport à celles des faces transversales externes 4b dudit caisson, qui sont parallèles aux lattes 3 ; la face 4a porte, en bordure du caisson, des tenons 5 grâce auxquels est assuré le maintien du caisson 4 contre la structure porteuse du navire ; en effet, on fait coopérer avec chaque goujon 2 une plaquette carrée 6, qui vient s'appuyer sur les quatre tenons 5 de quatre caissons adjacents, la plaquette étant maintenue sur le tenon grâce à un écrou 7, qui est vissé sur l'extrémité libre filetée du goujon 2. La face 4a du caisson 4 ne déborde que par rapport aux faces transversales desdits caissons, qui sont parallèles aux lattes 3, et les tenons 5 ne s'étendent sur ces parties débordantes que sur une faible longueur, comme il est bien visible sur la figure 1. Les tenons 5 ont une épaisseur de 18 mm mesurée perpendiculairement à la face 4a du caisson et ils sont collés et agrafés sur les faces du caisson contre lesquelles ils sont en appui. Les caissons 4 viennent donc côte-à-côte le long de leurs faces transversales, qui sont perpendiculaires aux lignes moyennes des lattes 3, mais sont espacés les uns des autres au droit des tenons 5, ce qui constitue une zone de joint que l'on remplit d'un matériau isolant 8 formant une bande, qui assure la continuité de la surface formée par l'ensemble des faces 4c des caissons 4 qui sont parallèles à la structure porteuse 1 du navire mais sont distantes de celle-ci en raison de l'épaisseur des caissons définie par les dimensions des faces transversales 4b.Each box 4 is constituted by a screwed or stapled assembly of plywood sheets and is filled with a particulate insulating material such as perlite. Face 4a. of the box 4, which rests on the slats 3, projects slightly beyond those of the external transverse faces 4b of said box, which are parallel to the slats 3; the face 4a carries, at the edge of the box, tenons 5 with which is ensured the maintenance of the box 4 against the carrying structure of the ship; in fact, a square plate 6 is made to cooperate with each stud 2, which rests on the four studs 5 of four adjacent boxes, the plate being held on the stud by means of a nut 7, which is screwed on the end free threaded stud 2. The face 4a of the box 4 projects only relative to the transverse faces of said boxes, which are parallel to the slats 3, and the pins 5 only extend over these projecting parts over a short length, as it is clearly visible in Figure 1. The pins 5 have a thickness of 18 mm measured perpendicular to the face 4a of the box and they are glued and stapled on the faces of the box against which they are supported. The boxes 4 therefore come side-by-side along their transverse faces, which are perpendicular to the average lines of the slats 3, but are spaced from each other in line with the studs 5, which constitutes a joint zone that the is filled with an insulating material 8 forming a strip, which ensures the continuity of the surface formed by all of the faces 4c of the boxes 4 which are parallel to the load-bearing structure 1 of the ship but are spaced from it due to the thickness of the boxes defined by the dimensions of the transverse faces 4b.
Les caissons 4 sont cloisonnés intérieurement et les faces 4c portent chacune deux rainures 9 ayant un profil en T. Les rainures 9 sont pratiquées dans l'épaisseur de la face 4c et la partie, qui constitue l'âme du T, débouche vers l'extérieur du caisson. Les lignes moyennes des deux rainures 9 d'un caisson sont perpendiculaires aux lignes moyennes des lattes 3 ; elles sont symétriques par rapport au centre de la face 4c et leur écartement est égal à la moitié de la largeur du caisson mesurée parallèlement aux lattes 3. Au droit de chacune de ces rainures 9, on a disposé, à l'intérieur du caisson 4, une cloison épaisse 4d, qui est fixée à l'intérieur du caisson par agrafage sur les faces 4a et 4b au moyen d'agrafes 10a et par vissage sur la face 4c au moyen de vis 10. Les vis 10 sont disposées dans l'épaisseur de la cloison 4d et elles sont mises en place au fond des rainures 9 ; leur introduction dans les rainures 9 est rendue possible en ménageant des zones élargies 11 qui permettent le passage des têtes des vis 10, comme il est bien visible sur la figure 2.The boxes 4 are internally partitioned and the faces 4c each carry two grooves 9 having a T profile. The grooves 9 are formed in the thickness of the face 4c and the part, which constitutes the core of the T, opens out towards the outside of the box. The middle lines of the two grooves 9 of a box are perpendicular to the middle lines of the slats 3; they are symmetrical with respect to the center of the face 4c and their spacing is equal to half the width of the box measured parallel to the slats 3. At the right of each of these grooves 9, there is disposed, inside the box 4 , a thick partition 4d, which is fixed inside the box by stapling on the faces 4a and 4b by means of staples 10a and by screwing on the face 4c by means of screws 10. The screws 10 are arranged in the thickness of the partition 4d and they are placed at the bottom of the grooves 9; their introduction into the grooves 9 is made possible by providing enlarged zones 11 which allow the heads of the screws 10 to pass, as is clearly visible in FIG. 2.
Dans les rainures 9 à profil en T, on introduit un moyen d'accrochage 12 qui est constitué par une bande d'invar ayant un profil en L, le petit côté du L étant introduit dans l'une des ailes de la rainure en T, alors que le grand côté traverse l'âme de la rainure en T et constitue donc une saillie par rapport à la face 4c du caisson 4, en direction de l'intérieur de la cuve. Les vis 10 qui se trouvent au fond de la rainure 9 ne gênent aucunement la mise en place du moyen d'accrochage 12. Le grand côté du moyen d'accrochage 12 constitue un support de soudure 12a de part et d'autre duquel viennent se souder les bords relevés 13a de virures d'invar qui constituent la barrière d'etancheite secondaire de la cuve selon l'invention. Les virures d'invar 13 ont une épaisseur d'environ Ø,7 mm et une largeur entre bords relevés 13a égale à la distance entre deux rainures consécutives 9. La barrière d'etancheite secondaire ainsi constituée repose de façon continue sur les faces 4c des caissons 4 et les bordures des bandes isolantes 8 mises en place entre les caissons 4. Les supports de soudure 12a forment les saillies, qui s'étendent largement au-delà des bords relevés 13a. des virures 13.In the grooves 9 with T profile, a hooking means 12 is introduced which is constituted by a strip of invar having an L profile, the short side of the L being introduced into one of the wings of the T groove. , while the long side passes through the core of the T-shaped groove and therefore constitutes a projection relative to the face 4c of the box 4, in the direction of the interior of the tank. The screws 10 which are at the bottom of the groove 9 do not in any way interfere with the positioning of the attachment means 12. The long side of the attachment means 12 constitutes a weld support 12a on either side from which come weld the raised edges 13a of invar strakes which constitute the secondary sealing barrier of the tank according to the invention. Invar strakes 13 have a thickness of approximately Ø, 7 mm and a width between raised edges 13a equal to the distance between two consecutive grooves 9. The secondary sealing barrier thus formed rests continuously on the faces 4c of the boxes 4 and the edges of the insulating strips 8 placed between the boxes 4. The welding supports 12a form the projections, which extend widely beyond the raised edges 13a. strakes 13.
La barrière isolante primaire est constituée de plaques rigides rectangulaires 14 ayant une largeur égale à la distance comprise entre deux bords relevés 13a. des virures 13 ; la longueur des plaques 14 est égaie à la longueur des caissons 4 mesurée parallèlement aux rainures 9. Chaque plaque 14 est constituée d'une âme en balsa 14b recouverte, de part et d'autre, par un panneau de bois contreplaqué de 9 mm d'épaisseur, l'ensemble ayant une épaisseur de 50 mm. Le panneau de contreplaqué, qui repose sur une viture 13, a été désigné par 14a ; ce panneau 14a déborde de part et d'autre de l'âme en balsa 14b. sur toute la longueur de la plaque 14 ; sur cette Longueur, l'âme de balsa 14b est bordée par une entretoise transversale 14c, ladite entretoise maintenant I'écartement entre le panneau 14a, d'une part, et le panneau 14d, qui recouvre l'âme de balsa 14b. sur son autre face. Sur la partie débordante du panneau 14a. et sur toute la longueur de la plaque 14 est disposé un tenon de fixation 15 ; les tenons de fixation 15 de deux plaques adjacentes 14 sont disposés de part et d'autre du support de soudure 12a, la longueur de ce support de soudure étant telle qu'il dépasse en saillie au-delà des tenons 15. Sur l'angle correspondant au raccordement du panneau 14d et de l'entretoise 14c, les plaques 14 présentent un embrevement permettant la mise en place, entre deux plaques 14 adjacentes, d'un couvre-joint plat 16, qui ferme le volume compris entre deux entretoises 14c de deux plaques 14 adjacentes. Le couvre-joint 16 est fixé par des agrafes 17 sur les entretoiεeε 14c ; une de ses faces longitudinales est en regard de l'extrémité libre du support de soudure 12a et son autre face longitudinale est dans le prolongement des faces externes des panneaux 14d des plaques 14. Le couvre-joint 16 est constitué en bois contreplaqué d'une épaisseur de 12 mm.The primary insulating barrier consists of rigid rectangular plates 14 having a width equal to the distance between two raised edges 13a. strakes 13; the length of the plates 14 is equal to the length of the boxes 4 measured parallel to the grooves 9. Each plate 14 consists of a balsa core 14b covered on either side by a 9 mm plywood panel d 'thickness, the assembly having a thickness of 50 mm. The plywood panel, which rests on a window 13, has been designated by 14a; this panel 14a overflows on either side of the balsa core 14b. over the entire length of the plate 14; over this length, the balsa core 14b is bordered by a transverse spacer 14c, said spacer maintaining the spacing between the panel 14a, on the one hand, and the panel 14d, which covers the core of balsa 14b. on its other side. On the projecting part of the panel 14a. and over the entire length of the plate 14 is arranged a fixing stud 15; the fixing studs 15 of two adjacent plates 14 are arranged on either side of the weld support 12a, the length of this weld support being such that it protrudes beyond the studs 15. On the angle corresponding to the connection of the panel 14d and the spacer 14c, the plates 14 have a member allowing the establishment, between two adjacent plates 14, of a flat joint cover 16, which closes the volume comprised between two spacers 14c of two adjacent plates 14. The joint cover 16 is fixed by clips 17 on the spacers 14c; one of its longitudinal faces is opposite the free end of the welding support 12a and its other longitudinal face is an extension of the external faces of the panels 14d of the plates 14. The joint cover 16 is made of plywood of a thickness of 12 mm.
Avant de mettre en place le couvre-joint 16, on dispose de part et d'autre de la partie du support de soudure 12a qui dépasse au-delà des tenons de fixation 15, deux bandes en équerre 18, dont une aile est en appui sur les tenons 15 et dont l'autre aile est en appui contre une face du support de soudure 12a ; les deux bandes 18 sont soudées en continu de part et d'autre du support de soudure 12a de la même façon et avec la même machine automatique que pour la soudure des bords relevés 13a des virures 13 de part et d'autre du support de soudure 12a. On peut éventuellement, pour une facilité de mise en place, prévoir un agrafage des bandes 18 sur les tenons 15, mais cet agrafage n'a aucun rôle dans le maintien de la barrière primaire sur la barrière secondaire, ledit maintien étant assuré par les bandes en équerre 18, qui appuient les plaques 14 sur la barrière secondaire, dès que leur soudure est effectuée sur le support de soudure 12a.. Dans chaque couvre-joint 16, on a pratiqué une rainure en T 19 qui s'étend sur toute la longueur du couvre-joint et qui reçoit une aile de soudure 20 ayant un profil en L. La rainure en T 19 est identique à la rainure en T 9 ; l'une des ailes du T reçoit le petit côté de l'aile de soudure 20, alors que l'âme du T est traversée par le grand côté 20a de part et d'autre duquel viennent les bords relevés 21a des virures d'invar 21, qui constituent la barrière d'etancheite primaire de la cuve selon l'invention. Les virures 21 sont identiques aux virures 13 ; les bords relevés 21a sont soudés en continu de part et d'autre du grand côté 20a de l'aile de soudure 20 ; les virures 21 reposent sur une surface rigide continue constituée par les panneaux 14d. des plaques 14 et les couvre-joints 16. On constate que, dans ie mode de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit, il n'y a aucun pont thermique direct entre la barrière primaire et la structure porteuse du navire, ce qui est extrêmement favorable peur les caractéristiques d'isolation du système. Par ailleurs, étant donné qu'aucun élément de fixation ne traverse la barrière d'etancheite secondaire, on ne risque pas d'avoir des contraintes localisées éventuellement génératrices d'incident. De plus, l'épaisseur de l'isolation primaire peut être réduite en raison de l'absence de pont thermique entre la barrière primaire et la structure porteuse du navire et cette réduction permet de réduire le poids de la barrière primaire. qui est accrochée sur la barrière secondaire. Le fait d'avoir adopté des plaques rigides pour constituer les éléments de la barrière isolante primaire permet de bénéficier d'une excellente résistance aux chocs générés par le liquide en cours de transport.Before installing the joint cover 16, there are on either side of the part of the weld support 12a which protrudes beyond the fixing studs 15, two square strips 18, one wing of which is in support on the studs 15 and the other wing of which bears against one face of the welding support 12a; the two strips 18 are continuously welded on either side of the weld support 12a in the same way and with the same automatic machine as for the welding of the raised edges 13a of the strakes 13 on either side of the weld support 12a. It is possible, for ease of installation, to provide a stapling of the bands 18 on the studs 15, but this stapling has no role in maintaining the primary barrier on the secondary barrier, said maintenance being provided by the bands in square 18, which support the plates 14 on the secondary barrier, as soon as their welding is carried out on the welding support 12a. In each joint cover 16, a T-groove 19 is made which extends over the entire length of the joint cover and which receives a weld wing 20 having an L-shaped profile. The T-groove 19 is identical to the T-groove 9; one of the wings of the T receives the short side of the welding wing 20, while the web of the T is crossed by the long side 20a on the side and other from which come the raised edges 21a of invar strakes 21, which constitute the primary sealing barrier of the tank according to the invention. The strakes 21 are identical to the strakes 13; the raised edges 21a are continuously welded on either side of the long side 20a of the welding wing 20; strakes 21 rest on a continuous rigid surface formed by panels 14d. plates 14 and joint covers 16. It can be seen that, in the embodiment which has just been described, there is no direct thermal bridge between the primary barrier and the load-bearing structure of the ship, which is extremely favorable for the insulation characteristics of the system. Furthermore, given that no fastening element crosses the secondary sealing barrier, there is no risk of having localized stresses possibly generating an incident. In addition, the thickness of the primary insulation can be reduced due to the absence of a thermal bridge between the primary barrier and the ship's supporting structure and this reduction makes it possible to reduce the weight of the primary barrier. which is hung on the secondary barrier. The fact of having adopted rigid plates to constitute the elements of the primary insulating barrier makes it possible to benefit from an excellent resistance to shocks generated by the liquid during transport.
On sait, par ailleurs, que les cuves intégrées sont soumises à des phases de mise en route au cours desquelles on purge l'air contenu dans les barrières primaire et secondaire en envoyant un courant d'azote sous une légère surpression, généralement limitée à 30 millibars. Cette purge par un gaz inerte génère des efforts tendant à arracher ies isolations ; la réalisation ci-dessus décrite permet de parfaitement encaisser ces efforts : les forces d'arrachement se transmettent par les bandes en équerre 18 sur le support de soudure 12a ; el les sont transmises par la coopération du support de soudure et de ia rainure 9 à la face 4c qui est vissée sur la eleison épaisse 4d ; les épaisseurs adoptées pour les cloisons 4c et 4d sont d'environ 12 mm pour des caissons ayant des dimensions de 1,2 m × 1 m. La cloison 4d transmet ces forces à la face 4a qui, par les tenons 5, les reporte sur les goujons 2. On a constaté que cette disposition permettait sans inconvénient de reperter sur les goujons 2 des forces d'arrachement de 360 kg par mètre de support de soudure.It is also known that the integrated tanks are subjected to start-up phases during which the air contained in the primary and secondary barriers is purged by sending a stream of nitrogen under a slight overpressure, generally limited to 30 millibars. This purging with an inert gas generates forces tending to tear off the insulation; the embodiment described above allows these forces to be absorbed perfectly: the tearing forces are transmitted by the angle bands 18 on the weld support 12a; el are transmitted by the cooperation of the welding support and ia groove 9 to the face 4c which is screwed on the thick eleison 4d; the thicknesses adopted for partitions 4c and 4d are approximately 12 mm for boxes having dimensions of 1.2 m × 1 m. The partition 4d transmits these forces to the face 4a which, by the studs 5, transfers them to the studs 2. It has been found that this arrangement makes it possible, without inconvenience, to detach the studs 2 from the breakout forces of 360 kg per meter of welding support.
Les figures 4 et 5 se rapportent à un deuxième mode de réalisation. Dans ce deuxième mode de réalisation, la barrière isolante secondaire et la barrière d'etancheite secondaire sont strictement identiques à celles qui ont été décrites en détail pour le premier mode de réalisation. En conséquence, elles ne seront pas décrites à nouveau mais les différents éléments correspondants ont été désignés sur les figures 4 et 5 par des chiffres de référence correspondant à ceux du premier mode de réalisation augmentés de 100 ; ces éléments sont donc ceux dont les références sont comprises entre 101 et 113.Figures 4 and 5 relate to a second embodiment. In this second embodiment, the secondary insulating barrier and the secondary sealing barrier are strictly identical to those which have been described in detail for the first embodiment. Consequently, they will not be described again, but the various corresponding elements have been designated in FIGS. 4 and 5 by reference numbers corresponding to those of the first embodiment increased by 100; these elements are therefore those whose references are between 101 and 113.
La constitution de la barrière isolante primaire de ce deuxième mode de réalisation est légèrement différente de celle prévue pour le premier mode de réalisation. Les éléments constitutifs de cette barrière isoiante primaire sont des plaques rigides 114 constituées d'une âme de balsa 114b. enserrée entre deux panneaux de contreplaqué 114a, 114d. Cette structure générale est tout-à-fait analogue à celle des plaques 14 du premier mode de réalisation. Les panneaux 114a. ont une partie dércrdante sur toute la longueur des plaques 114 et, sur cette partie débordante, ils sont munis d'un tenon de fixation 115 ; deux tenons de fixation de deux plaques 114 adjacentes sont fixés sur les caissons 114 coεεe les tenons 15 l'étaient sur les caissons 14, par coi.age et agrafage ; ils sont disposés de part et d'autre du support de soudure 112a, qui fait saillie par rapport à la barrière d'etancheite secondaire en direction de l'intérieur de la cuve. Sur les tenonsThe constitution of the primary insulating barrier of this second embodiment is slightly different from that provided for the first embodiment. The constituent elements of this primary insulating barrier are rigid plates 114 made up of a balsa core 114b . sandwiched between two plywood panels 114a, 114d. This general structure is entirely analogous to that of the plates 14 of the first embodiment. The panels 114a. have a sliding part over the entire length of the plates 114 and, on this projecting part, they are provided with a fixing pin 115; two fixing pins of two adjacent plates 114 are fixed on the boxes 114 coεεe the pins 15 were on the boxes 14, by coi.age and stapling; they are arranged on either side of the welding support 112a, which projects relative to the secondary sealing barrier in the direction of the interior of the tank. On the tenons
115. on met en place des bandes en équerre 115, dont une aile repose sur les tenons 115 alors que l'autre vient en appui sur une face du support de soudure 112a. Les bandes en équerre 116 sont soudées en continu de part et d'autre du support de soudure 112a et permettent le maintien en appui des plaques 114 contre la barrière d'etancheite secondaire 113. Au droit des deux tenons 115, on vient mettre en place, après soudure des bandes en équerre 118, un couvre-joint115. square strips 115 are put in place, one wing of which rests on the studs 115 while the other comes to bear on one face of the welding support 112a. The square strips 116 are continuously welded on either side of the weld support 112a and allow the plates 114 to be kept in abutment against the secondary sealing barrier 113. In line with the two studs 115, we just set up , after welding the strips at square 118, a joint cover
116, qui présente une découpe 116a permettant de loger, dans l'épaisseur du couvre-joint 116, l'extrémité du support de soudure 112a. associée aux deux ailes des deux bandes de soudure, qui sont disposées de part et d'autre dudit support. Le couvre-joint 116 a une épaisseur permettant de remplir complètement l'espace libre existant au droit des tenons 115, de façon que l'on puisse disposer, sur l'ensemble constitué par les panneaux 114d et les couvre-joints 116, une barrière d'etancheite primaire en bénéficiant d'un support-pian continu.116, which has a cutout 116a making it possible to accommodate, in the thickness of the joint cover 116, the end of the weld support 112a. associated with the two wings of the two welding strips, which are arranged on either side of said support. The joint cover 116 has a thickness which makes it possible to completely fill the free space existing at the level of the studs 115, so that one can have, on the assembly constituted by the panels 114d and the joint covers 116, a barrier of primary sealing by benefiting from a continuous support.
Dans cette réalisation, la barrière d'etancheite primaire est constituée par des tôles d'acier cryogénique gaufrées, soudées à recouvrement. Ces tôles 121 ont une épaisseur d'environ 1,2 mm et elles ont des dimensions de 3,00 m × 1,20 m. Chaque tôle 121 comporte des ondulations 121a, 121b selon deux directions parallèles aux bordures de la tôle. L'une des bordures de la tôie est disposée parallèlement à la ligne moyenne des couvre-joints 116. Au droit de certains des raccordements des plaques 114 de la barrière isolante primaire, on prévoit des feuillures dans lesquelles on met en place des bandes métalliques 122, qui sont vissées sur les panneaux 114a. des plaques 114. La disposition de ces bandes métalliques 122 permet de poser les tôles 121 sur la barrière isolante primaire, de telle façon que les bordures d'une tôle se trouvent toujours au droit d'une bande métallique 122 ; on soude les bordures des tôles 121 par points sur les bandes métalliques 122 et on dispose deux tôles 121 adjacentes de façon que leurs bords se recouvrent. On assure alors une soudure continue entre chaque tôle 121 et les tôles adjacentes pour obtenir l'étanchéité de la barrière primaire d'etancheite.In this embodiment, the primary sealing barrier is constituted by embossed cryogenic steel sheets, welded with overlap. These sheets 121 have a thickness of approximately 1.2 mm and they have dimensions of 3.00 m × 1.20 m. Each sheet 121 has corrugations 121a, 121b in two directions parallel to the edges of the sheet. One of the edges of the sheet is arranged parallel to the middle line of the joint covers 116. In line with some of the connections of the plates 114 of the primary insulating barrier, rebates are provided in which metal strips 122 are put in place, which are screwed onto the panels 114a. plates 114. The arrangement of these metal strips 122 makes it possible to place the sheets 121 on the primary insulating barrier, so that the edges of a sheet are always located in line with a metal strip 122; the edges of the sheets 121 are welded by points on the metal strips 122 and two adjacent sheets 121 are placed so that their edges overlap. A continuous weld is then provided between each sheet 121 and the adjacent sheets in order to obtain the sealing of the primary sealing barrier.
Sur la figure 6, on a représenté un mode de réalisation d'un angle de cuve pouvant être utilisé aussi bien pour ia variante de la figure 1 que pour la variante de la figure 4. La structure porteuse du navire a été désignée par 1 mais elle pourrait aussi bien être désignée par 101. De chaque côté de l'angleFIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a tank angle which can be used both for the variant of FIG. 1 and for the variant of FIG. 4. The supporting structure of the ship has been designated by 1 but it could as well be designated by 101. On each side of the angle
200. la structure porteuse 1 comporte des ailes soudées 201, 202. La distance des ailes 201 à l'angle de cuve 200 correspond à l'épaisseur de la barrière d'isolation secondaire. La distance entre les ailes200. the supporting structure 1 comprises welded wings 201, 202. The distance from the wings 201 to the tank angle 200 corresponds to the thickness of the secondary insulation barrier. The distance between the wings
201 et 202 correspond à l'épaisseur de la barrière d'isolation primaire. Le volume défini entre l'arête201 and 202 corresponds to the thickness of the primary insulation barrier. The volume defined between the edge
200 et les prolongements des deux ailes 201 est rempli au moyen de deux biocs iεoiantε 203, 204 ; après quoi, on ferme ledit volume au moyen de deux bandes métalliques 205 soudées en continu sur les ailes 201, les deux bordures des bandes 205, qui sont opposées aux ailes 201, étant raccordées à deux ailes en équerre 205a, 205b d'une poutre désignée par 206 dans son ensemble. La poutre 206 a une section transversale carrée dont le côté est égal à ia distance qui sépare les ailes 201 et 202 ; aux quatre sommets du carré, les faceε de la poutre se prolongent vers l'extérieur pour former des ailes en équerre analogues aux ailes 205a, 205b. En vis-à-vis de chacune des ailes 202, la poutre 206 présente donc une aiie 206c ; un volume parailélépipédique est délimité de part et d'autre de l'arête 200 entre la plaque 205, la structure porteuse 1 et les ailes 202 et 206c. On remplit ce volume parallélépipédique au moyen de trois éléments isolants 207, 208, 209, l'élément médian 209 étant mis en place en dernier comme le montre la figure 6. Ceε deux volumes parailélépipediques sont alors fermés par des plaques 210 que l'on soude de façon continue tout le long de leurs bordures sur les ailes 202 et 206c. Par rapport au plan de chacune des plaques 210, la poutre 206 présente alors deux ailes en saillie 206d, 206e., les deux ailes 206e étant raccordées en équerre à une même arête de la poutre 206. Le volume compris entre la structure porteuse 1 et l'aile 206d correspond à l'épaisseur de la barrière d'iεolation secondaire et, par conséquent, l'aile 206σ_ permet le raccordement par soudure de la barrière d'etancheite secondaire. La distance entre les ailes 206d. et 206e. correspond à l'épaisseur de la barrière d'isolation primaire et, par conséquent, les ailes 206e. permettent le raccordement par soudure des barrières d'etancheite primaire. On voit donc-que l'on a ainsi réalisé un angle de cuve en assurant, d'une part, la continuité de l'isolation thermique et, d'autre part, la continuité de l'étanchéitè des barrières primaire et secondaire.200 and the extensions of the two wings 201 is filled by means of two biocs iεoiantε 203, 204; after which, said volume is closed by means of two metal strips 205 continuously welded to the wings 201, the two edges of the strips 205, which are opposite to the wings 201, being connected to two square wings 205a, 205b of a beam designated by 206 as a whole. The beam 206 has a square cross section whose side is equal to the distance which separates the wings 201 and 202; at the four vertices of the square, the faces of the beam extend outward to form angled wings similar to the wings 205a, 205b. Opposite each of the wings 202, the beam 206 therefore has a section 206c; a parailélépipédique volume is delimited on both sides of the edge 200 between the plate 205, the supporting structure 1 and the wings 202 and 206c. This parallelepiped volume is filled by means of three insulating elements 207, 208, 209, the middle element 209 being placed last as shown in FIG. 6. These two parailelepiped volumes are then closed by plates 210 which are welds continuously along their edges on the wings 202 and 206c. With respect to the plane of each of the plates 210, the beam 206 then has two projecting wings 206d, 206e., The two wings 206e being connected at right angles to the same edge of the beam 206. The volume comprised between the supporting structure 1 and the wing 206d corresponds to the thickness of the secondary insulation barrier and, consequently, the wing 206σ_ allows the connection by welding of the secondary sealing barrier. The distance between the wings 206d. and 206th. corresponds to the thickness of the primary insulation barrier and, therefore, the 206th wings. allow the connection by welding of the primary sealing barriers. It can therefore be seen that a tank angle has thus been achieved by ensuring, on the one hand, the continuity of the thermal insulation and, on the other hand, the continuity of the sealing of the primary and secondary barriers.
Ce mode de réalisation d'un angle de cuve n'a été donné qu'à titre d'exemple, mais tout autre mode de réalisation d'angle peut être adopté.This embodiment of a tank angle has been given only by way of example, but any other embodiment of angle can be adopted.
Ii est bien entendu que les modes de réalisation ci-dessus décrits ne sont aucunement limitatifs et pourront donner lieu à toutes modifications désirables, sans sortir pour cela du cadre de l'invention. It is understood that the modes of embodiment described above are in no way limiting and may give rise to any desirable modifications, without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1 - Cuve étanche et isolante intégrée à la structure porteuse (1, 101) d'un navire, ladite cuve comportant deux barrières d'etancheite successives, l'une primaire au contact avec le produit contenu dans la cuve et l'autre secondaire disposée entre la barrière primaire et la structure porteuse du navire, ces deux barrières d'etancheite étant alternées avec deux barrières thermiquement isolantes, la barrière isolante primaire étant maintenue élastiquement en appui sur la barrière d'etancheite secondaire grâce à des moyens d'accrochage (12, 112) métalliques mécaniquement liés à la barrière isolante secondaire et étant constitués de plaques rigides (14, 114) sensibiement parallélépipédiques entre lesquelles passent les moyens d'accrochage précités, la barrière d'etancheite secondaire étant constituée par des virures métalliques (13, 113) à bords (13a, 113a) relevés vers l'intérieur de la cuve, lesdites virures étant réalisées en tôle mince à faible coefficient de dilatation et étant soudées bord à bord par leurs bords relevés, sur les deux faces d'un support de soudure (12a, 112a.) qui est retenu mécaniquement sur les éléments (4, 104) de la barrière isolante secondaire, ledit support de soudure (12a., 112a) constituant une partie d'un moyen d'accrochage (12, 112) destiné à retenir mécaniquement la barrière isolante primaire sur la barrière d'etancheite secondaire, caractérisée par le fait que : a) de façon connue en soi, la barrière isolante secondaire est constituée par un ensemble d'éléments calorifuges secondaires (4, 104) sensiblement parailélépipediques fixés contre la structure porteuse (1, 101) du navire par des organes de retenue solidaires de ladite structure porteuse, qui coopèrent avec des fixations (5, 105) disposées en bordure des éléments (4, 104) de la barrière isolante secondaire, lesdits élémentε (4, 104) étant séparés les uns des autres par des zones de joint senεiblement recti lignes où se trouvent disposés les organes de retenue précités ; b) les moyens d'accrochage (12, 112) sont des bandes à profil en L comportant chacune un petit côte et un grand côté formant une équerre, le grand côté constituant le support de soudure (12a, 112a) et le petit côté étant inséré dans une rainure (9, 109) pratiquée dans celle (4c, 104c) des faces d'un élément calorifuge secondaire (4, 104), qui supporte la barrière d'etancheite secondaire, l'extrémité libre du support de soudure (12a, 112a) étant en retrait par rapport au plan de la barrière d'etancheite primaire ; c) les plaques rigides (14, 114) de la barrière isolante primaire comportent, en vis-à-vis de chaque support de soudure et sur toute leur longueur, un tenon (15, 115) de fixation, deux bandes en équerre (18, 118) étant soudées de part et d'autre du support de soudure et s'appuyant par leurs parties non soudées sur lesditε tenonε.CLAIMS 1 - Sealed and insulating tank integrated into the carrying structure (1, 101) of a ship, said tank comprising two successive sealing barriers, one primary in contact with the product contained in the tank and the other secondary disposed between the primary barrier and the carrying structure of the ship, these two sealing barriers being alternated with two thermally insulating barriers, the primary insulating barrier being resiliently supported on the secondary sealing barrier by means of attachment means ( 12, 112) metallic mechanically linked to the secondary insulating barrier and consisting of rigid plates (14, 114) substantially parallelepiped between which pass the aforementioned attachment means, the secondary sealing barrier being constituted by metal strakes (13, 113) with edges (13a, 113a) raised towards the inside of the tank, said strakes being made of sheet metal m ince low coefficient of expansion and being welded edge to edge by their raised edges, on both sides of a weld support (12a, 112a.) which is mechanically retained on the elements (4, 104) of the secondary insulating barrier , said weld support (12a., 112a) constituting a part of an attachment means (12, 112) intended to mechanically retain the primary insulating barrier on the secondary sealing barrier, characterized in that: a) in a manner known per se, the secondary insulating barrier is constituted by a set of secondary heat-insulating elements (4, 104) substantially parailélépipédiques fixed against the support structure (1, 101) of the ship by retaining members integral with said support structure, which cooperate with fasteners (5, 105) arranged at the edge of the elements (4, 104) of the secondary insulating barrier, said elements (4, 104) being separated from one another by zones of substantially linear joint where the aforementioned retaining members are arranged; b) the hooking means (12, 112) are L-profile strips each having a small rib and a large side forming a square, the large side constituting the weld support (12a, 112a) and the short side being inserted in a groove (9, 109) formed in that (4c, 104c) of the faces of a secondary heat-insulating element (4, 104), which supports the secondary sealing barrier, the free end of the weld support (12a , 112a) being set back from the plane of the primary sealing barrier; c) the rigid plates (14, 114) of the primary insulating barrier comprise, facing each weld support and over their entire length, a lug (15, 115) for fixing, two angled bands (18 , 118) being welded on either side of the weld support and being supported by their non-welded parts on the said tenons.
2 - Cuve εelon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que les éléments de la barrière isolante secondaire sont des caissons (4, 104) cloisonnés intérieurement et remplis d'un matériau particulaire thermiquement isolant, chaque caisson comportant au droit de chaque rainure (9, 109) destinée à la mise en place d'un moyen d'accrochage (12, 112), une cloison intérieure épaisse (4d, 104d) fortement fixée aux faces délimitant le caisson.2 - εelon tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements of the secondary insulating barrier are boxes (4, 104) internally partitioned and filled with a thermally insulating particulate material, each box having the right of each groove (9 , 109) intended for the installation of a hooking means (12, 112), a thick interior partition (4d, 104d) strongly fixed to the faces delimiting the box.
3 - Cuve selon ia revendication 2, caractérisée par le fait que chaque caisson (4, 104) de ia barrière isolante secondaire eet réaliεé en bois contreplaqué, la fixation de la cloison intérieure épaisse (4d, 104d) au droit d'une rainure (9, 109) étant réalisée par des vis mises en place en fond de rainure.3 - tank according to ia claim 2, characterized in that each box (4, 104) of ia secondary insulating barrier and made of plywood, fixing the thick interior partition (4d, 104d) in line with a groove ( 9, 109) being produced by screws placed at the bottom of the groove.
4 - Cuve selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée par le fait que les éléments (4, 104) de la barrière isolante secondaire sont des parallélépipèdeε rectangles tous identiques, les organes de retenue utilisés pour le maintien de la barrière isolante secondaire sur la structure porteuse (1, 101) étant alignés selon deux directions perpendiculaires, dont l'une est parallèle aux rainures (9, 109) où sont insérés les moyens d'accrochage (12, 112).4 - Tank according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the elements (4, 104) of the secondary insulating barrier are rectangular parallelepiped all identical, the retaining members used for maintaining the secondary insulating barrier on the supporting structure (1, 101) being aligned in two perpendicular directions, one of which is parallel to the grooves (9, 109) where the hooking means (12, 112) are inserted.
5 - Cuve selon la revendication 4, caractérisée par le fait que chaque organe de retenue comporte d'une part un goujon (2, 102) fileté soudé par sa base sur la structure porteuse du navire et, d'autre part, une plaquette (6, 106), qui s'appuie, par vissage d'un écrou sur ledit goujon, sur un tenon (5, 105) disposé en bordure d'un caisson (4, 104) de la barrière isolante secondaire, chaque plaquette (6, 106) prenant appui simultanément sur quatre tenons (5, 105) de quatre caissonε (4, 104) adjacents.5 - Tank according to claim 4, characterized in that each retaining member comprises on the one hand a stud (2, 102) threaded welded by its base to the carrying structure of the ship and, on the other hand, a plate ( 6, 106), which rests, by screwing a nut on said stud, on a tenon (5, 105) disposed at the edge of a box (4, 104) of the secondary insulating barrier, each plate (6 , 106) bearing simultaneously on four tenons (5, 105) of four adjacent caissons (4, 104).
6 - Cuve selon l'une des revendications 1 à6 - tank according to one of claims 1 to
5, caractérisée par le fait que les éléments (4, 104) de ia barrière isolante secondaire s'apppuient sur la structure porteuse (1, 101) du navire par l'intermédiaire de lattes (3, 103) parallèles reposant sur des boudins de résine po lymér isab 1 e, ces lattes constituant, par éléments discontinus, une surface géométrique définie indépendante des écarts aléatoires de la structure porteuse par rapport à sa surface théorique.5, characterized in that the elements (4, 104) of the secondary insulating barrier are supported on the load-bearing structure (1, 101) of the vessel by means of parallel slats (3, 103) resting on flanges of resin for lymér isab 1 e, these slats constituting, by discontinuous elements, a defined geometric surface independent of the random deviations of the supporting structure compared to its theoretical surface.
7 - Cuve selon l'une des revendications 1 à7 - tank according to one of claims 1 to
6, caractérisée par le fait que les zones de joint existant entre les éléments (4, 104) de la barrière isolante secondaire en raison de la présence des tenons (5, 105) et des organes de retenue sont remplies de matériau isolant (8, 108).6, characterized in that the areas of joint existing between the elements (4, 104) of the secondary insulating barrier due to the presence of pins (5, 105) and retaining members are filled with insulating material (8, 108).
8 - Cuve selon l'une des revendications 1 à8 - tank according to one of claims 1 to
7, caractérisée par le fait qu'au droit de chaque support de soudure (12a,, 112a) et des tenons (15, 115) des plaques (14, 114) de la barrière isolante primaire, avec lesquels il coopère, est disposé un couvre-joint (16, 116), dont la face orientée vers l'intérieur de la cuve est au niveau des faces des plaques (14, 114) de la barrière isolante primaire, qui supportent la barrière d'etancheite primaire.7, characterized in that, in line with each weld support (12a, 112a) and pins (15, 115) of the plates (14, 114) of the primary insulating barrier, with which it cooperates, is arranged a joint cover (16, 116), the face of which faces inwards from the tank is at the level of the faces of the plates (14, 114) of the primary insulating barrier, which support the primary sealing barrier.
9 - Cuve selon l'une des revendications 1 à9 - tank according to one of claims 1 to
8, caractérisée par le fait que les plaques rigides (14, 114) constitutives de la barrière isolante primaire sont formées d'une couche de matériau alvéolaire (14b, 114b) enserrée entre deux panneaux rigides (14a, 14d ; 114a, 114d).8, characterized in that the rigid plates (14, 114) constituting the primary insulating barrier are formed of a layer of cellular material (14b, 114b) sandwiched between two rigid panels (14a, 14d; 114a, 114d).
10 - Cuve selon l'une des revendications 1 à10 - tank according to one of claims 1 to
9, caractérisée par le fait que la barrière d'etancheite primaire est formée par des virures métalliques (21) à bords relevés (21a) vers l'intérieur de la cuve, lesdites virures étant constituées de tôles minces à faible coefficient de dilatation et étant soudées bord à bord, par leurs bords relevés (21a), sur les deux faces d'une aile de soudure (20), qui est retenue mécaniquement par un couvre-joint (16) de la barrière isolante primaire.9, characterized in that the primary sealing barrier is formed by metal strakes (21) with raised edges (21a) towards the interior of the tank, said strakes being made of thin sheets with low coefficient of expansion and being welded edge to edge, by their raised edges (21a), on the two faces of a welding wing (20), which is mechanically retained by a joint cover (16) of the primary insulating barrier.
11 - Cuve selon la revendication 10, caractérisée par le fait que l'aile de soudure (20) a un profil en équerre, dont le petit côté est engagé dans une rainure (19) pratiquée sur toute la longueur du couvre-joint (16).11 - Tank according to claim 10, characterized in that the welding wing (20) has a square profile, the short side of which is engaged in a groove (19) formed over the entire length of the joint cover (16 ).
12 - Cuve selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée par le fait que la barrière d'etancheite primaire est formée par un assemblage de tôles rectangulaires (121) relativement épaisses comportant des ondulations (121a, 121b) selon deux directions perpendiculaires, lesdites tôles (121) étant soudées entre elles à recouvrement et étant soucées par leurs bords sur des bandes métalliques (122) fixées dans des feuillures le long des bordures des plaques (114) de la barrière isolante primaire, lesdites plaques (114) étant des parallélépipèdes rectangles et les directions des ondulations (121a, 121b) étant parallèles aux bords des plaques (114). 12 - tank according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the primary sealing barrier is formed by an assembly of relatively thick rectangular sheets (121) comprising corrugations (121a, 121b) in two perpendicular directions, said sheets (121) being welded together with overlap and being preoccupied by their edges on metal strips (122) fixed in rebates along the edges of the plates (114) of the primary insulating barrier, said plates (114) being rectangular parallelepipeds and the directions of the corrugations (121a, 121b) being parallel to the edges of the plates (114).
EP19890903180 1988-04-08 1989-03-07 Improved watertight, heat-insulated tank incorporated in the load-bearing structure of a ship Expired - Lifetime EP0408596B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8804679 1988-04-08
FR8804679A FR2629897B1 (en) 1988-04-08 1988-04-08 IMPROVED WATERPROOF AND THERMALLY INSULATING TANK, INTEGRATED INTO THE CARRIER STRUCTURE OF A VESSEL

Publications (2)

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EP0408596A1 true EP0408596A1 (en) 1991-01-23
EP0408596B1 EP0408596B1 (en) 1991-12-18

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EP19890903180 Expired - Lifetime EP0408596B1 (en) 1988-04-08 1989-03-07 Improved watertight, heat-insulated tank incorporated in the load-bearing structure of a ship

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EP (1) EP0408596B1 (en)
FR (1) FR2629897B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1989009909A1 (en)

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WO2019077253A1 (en) 2017-10-20 2019-04-25 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Sealed and thermally insulating tank with several areas
FR3072758B1 (en) 2017-10-20 2019-11-01 Gaztransport Et Technigaz SEALED AND THERMALLY INSULATING TANK WITH SEVERAL ZONES
FR3077115B1 (en) * 2018-01-23 2021-02-12 Gaztransport Et Technigaz WATERPROOF AND THERMALLY INSULATED TANK.
FR3077116B1 (en) * 2018-01-23 2021-01-08 Gaztransport Et Technigaz WATERPROOF AND THERMALLY INSULATED TANK
FR3082274B1 (en) 2018-06-06 2021-11-19 Gaztransport Et Technigaz WATERPROOF AND THERMALLY INSULATED TANK
FR3082594B1 (en) 2018-06-13 2021-12-31 Gaztransport Et Technigaz WATERPROOF AND THERMALLY INSULATED TANK
FR3082593B1 (en) * 2018-06-13 2020-06-19 Gaztransport Et Technigaz WATERPROOF TANK PROVIDED WITH A CORRUGATED JUNCTION ELEMENT
FR3089597B1 (en) 2018-12-06 2020-11-20 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Sealed and thermally insulating tank
FR3102228B1 (en) 2019-10-18 2021-09-10 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Sealed and thermally insulating tank
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Also Published As

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WO1989009909A1 (en) 1989-10-19
FR2629897B1 (en) 1991-02-15
FR2629897A1 (en) 1989-10-13
EP0408596B1 (en) 1991-12-18

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