EP0214007B1 - Thermally insulated impervious container, and ship carrying it - Google Patents

Thermally insulated impervious container, and ship carrying it Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0214007B1
EP0214007B1 EP86401673A EP86401673A EP0214007B1 EP 0214007 B1 EP0214007 B1 EP 0214007B1 EP 86401673 A EP86401673 A EP 86401673A EP 86401673 A EP86401673 A EP 86401673A EP 0214007 B1 EP0214007 B1 EP 0214007B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
tank according
barrier
compartments
reflector elements
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86401673A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0214007A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Jean
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GAZ-TRANSPORT
Gaz Transport SARL
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GAZ-TRANSPORT
Gaz Transport SARL
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Publication of EP0214007A1 publication Critical patent/EP0214007A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sealed and thermally insulating tank intended for the storage of a liquefied gas at low temperature and consisting of at least one sealing barrier and at least one insulating barrier of volume V comprised between the external partition. of the tank and said sealing barrier, said volume V being at an absolute pressure of between 0.1 and 300 mbar and containing radiation reflecting elements.
  • a tank of this type is known, for example from US-A 2,967,152. According to this document, thermal insulation is achieved by combining an insulating powder with relatively small elements of materials having heat reflecting properties. ; these small elements can in particular consist of aluminum powder.
  • a terrestrial tank has in particular been described in French patent No. 2,398,961; a tank integrated into the carrying structure of a ship has, for example, been described in French patents No. 2,264,712 and No. 2,257,544.
  • the tanks of this type are constituted by two successive sealing barriers, one primary in contact with the liquefied gas and the other secondary disposed between the primary barrier and the external partition of the tank; these two sealing barriers are alternated with two thermally insulating barriers; the sealing barriers defined in the aforementioned state of the art are made of welded invar sheets with raised edges; the insulation barriers are formed by means of boxes containing a particulate thermal insulator such as expanded perlite.
  • the main object of the present invention is to propose a sealed and thermally insulating tank of the kind defined above which makes it possible to reduce heat losses.
  • a sealed and thermally insulating tank is characterized in that, in a manner known per se, the insulating barrier is formed by means of boxes containing a particulate thermal insulator, these boxes being substantially parallelepiped and comprising interior partitions, and that the radiation reflecting elements comprise sheets covering the flat surfaces presented internally by the boxes, and the walls of said interior partitions.
  • each elementary cell of a box is provided with a reflective face, which makes it possible to benefit from multireflection by means of screens generally orthogonal to one another.
  • the production of boxes and interior partitions can be carried out in a simple manner from plywood walls which have been covered; beforehand, a reflective sheet, in particular a polished aluminum sheet.
  • the radiation reflecting elements comprise sheets arranged between, on the one hand, the boxes of the insulating barrier, and, on the other hand, the external partition of the tank.
  • the sheets of the radiation reflecting elements are advantageously made of polished aluminum.
  • the tank has two successive sealing barriers, one primary in contact with the liquefied gas and the other secondary disposed between the primary barrier and the external partition of the tank, the volume V being between the external partition. of the tank and the secondary sealing barrier.
  • At least certain radiation reflecting elements are produced in the form of particulate materials, and are mixed with the particulate thermal insulation contained in the boxes.
  • Bonding material can be mixed with particulate thermal insulation and reflective elements radiation in particulate form, to maintain the homogeneity of the mixture of the two particulate materials over time.
  • the particulate material which constitutes the radiation reflecting elements can be aluminum powder.
  • the bonding material is a material with adhesive properties distributed in the mixture of particulate materials, which forms the filling of the boxes of the secondary insulating barrier.
  • the mixture of particulate materials which forms the filling of the boxes of the secondary insulating barrier, can contain from 1 to 25% by weight of particulate material constituting the radiation reflecting elements.
  • the external partition is generally constituted by the double hull of a ship.
  • the invention also relates to a vessel transporting liquefied gas at low temperature, in particular liquefied gas with a high methane content, comprising at least one tank as defined above.
  • a methane tanker as described in French Patent No. 2,527,544, comprises tanks whose outer wall 1 is formed by the double hull of the ship.
  • there are plywood slats on this wall which rest on strands of polymerizable resin and the positioning of these slats 2 is adjusted so that they define, in a discontinuous manner, a theoretical surface independent of the more or less good conformation of the wall 1.
  • each element consists of a rectangular plywood box of 1.2 meters by 1 meter and internally has supporting struts 4, which are all parallel to the long side of the box.
  • the spacers 4 are interposed between the two large faces of the box, one of these large faces resting on the slats 2.
  • non-load-bearing spacers 5 have been put in place, which are only intended to ensure the relative positioning of the spacers 4.
  • the non-supporting spacers 5 are made of plastic foam; each tank 3 is 25 cm thick and has five load-bearing spacers 4 and three non-load-bearing spacers 5.
  • the large face of the box 3, which rests on the slats 2, projects from the side wall of the box on the two short sides 6 of this large face.
  • battens 7 are provided which have the thickness of this projecting part. These cleats 7 constitute the means for fixing the box 3.
  • fastening means 7 cooperate with retaining members made up of studs 8 welded to the load-bearing structure 1 of the ship, these studs 8 comprising a threaded end with which cooperates a nut which rests on a square plate.
  • retaining members made up of studs 8 welded to the load-bearing structure 1 of the ship, these studs 8 comprising a threaded end with which cooperates a nut which rests on a square plate.
  • the boxes 3 are in abutment against one another along their faces perpendicular to the alignment of studs 8, but, in the perpendicular direction, the boxes 3 are spaced by a joint zone where the battens 7 and the members of detention. After all the retaining members have been screwed on, the joint zones are blocked by the plastic shims 9, these shims having longitudinal slots, which allow their insertion with elastic clamping in the joint zones.
  • the parts of the joint zones which are not filled by the shims 9 can be filled with glass wool.
  • the secondary insulation barrier comprises, above this second layer, which has just been described, a first layer consisting of boxes each designated by the reference 10 as a whole.
  • the set of boxes 10 rests directly on the set of boxes 3.
  • Each box 10 consists of a parallelepiped box made of plywood; these boxes have a thickness of 20 cm and large faces, which have identically the same dimensions as those of the large faces of the boxes 3.
  • each box 10 there are, parallel to the short sides, seven equidistant carrier spacers 11 and parallel to the long sides, three non-carrier spacers 12.
  • the carrier spacers 11 are plywood plates inserted between the two large faces of the box 10.
  • the non-supporting spacers 12 are made of plastic foam and have the same role as the spacers 5 previously described.
  • the retainers of this first neck che of the secondary insulation barrier are constituted by rods 15, the base of which is screwed into a socket 8 welded to the support structure 1 of the ship.
  • plastic shims are inserted which have longitudinal slots so that they can be inserted by elastic compression in the joint zones and then be held there by elastic blocking.
  • These shims have longitudinal grooves having the same role as the grooves of the shims 9.
  • the parts of the joint zones of this first layer, that they are not occupied by the shims of insulating plastic material, can advantageously be stuffed with wool of glass to improve insulation.
  • the secondary sealing barrier which is constituted by invar strakes 16 with raised edges is put in place.
  • These strakes 16 are arranged between two consecutive weld wings 14: they have a width of 50 cm; the welds are made on either side of the wings 14 continuously to ensure sealing.
  • the wings 14 retain the secondary sealing barrier on the caissons 10.
  • the bearing surface of the secondary sealing barrier is continuous even at the level of the joint areas between the caissons 10 due to the presence of shims in particular.
  • the primary insulation barrier is constituted by means of boxes 17 which are held in position by anchoring members fixed in bases 18 connected to the sockets 8 a.
  • Each box 17 is a rectangular parallelepiped box made of plywood; the thickness of the box is 20 cm and the dimensions of the large faces are identical to those of the boxes 3 and 10.
  • the large face of the box 17, which is located towards the inside of the tank, carries grooves 19 formed in the thickness of the wall and parallel to the grooves 13. These grooves 19 have a cross section in T; they are used for positioning welding wings 20 identical to the wings 14.
  • the large faces of the casing 17, which bear the grooves 19 have, through known means which are described in particular in French Patent No. 2,527,544, a continuous surface which can come to bear the primary sealing barrier of the tank.
  • This primary sealing barrier is produced by invar strakes 21 which are identical to strakes 16 previously described.
  • the strakes 21 are welded with raised edges on either side of the weld wings 20 placed in the grooves 19.
  • the boxes 3, 10 and 17, which have been previously described in detail, are filled with a thermally insulating particulate material, such as for example expanded perlite.
  • the volume V which is between the external partition 1 of the tank and the secondary sealing barrier constituted by the strakes 16, is at an absolute pressure of between 0.1 and 300 mbar. It is in this volume that are arranged, according to the present invention, radiation reflecting elements.
  • some of such reflective elements 22 internally cover the large faces of the boxes or parallelepiped boxes 3, 10 of the secondary insulation barrier. Some of these radiation-reflecting elements may also cover the walls of the interior partitioning formed by the load-bearing 4 and non-load-bearing spacers 5. These radiation-reflecting elements can be placed in boxes of the first insulation layer and / or in boxes of the second layer of insulation.
  • These radiation reflecting elements 22 are made of a material having a high reflectivity, such as, for example, sheets of polished aluminum.
  • the radiation reflecting elements are particulate elements 23 which are mixed with the particulate thermal insulator 24 as shown in FIG. 3.
  • a bonding material can be mixed with the particulate thermal insulator 24 and the radiation reflecting elements 23 in particulate form to maintain, over time, the homogeneity of the mixture of the two particulate materials and thus avoid segregation of this mixture.
  • This bonding material can be a material with adhesive properties distributed in the mixture of particulate material which forms the filling of the boxes of the secondary insulating barrier.
  • the particulate material constituting the radiation reflecting elements 23 of the aluminum powder is advantageously used.
  • the particulate material constituting the thermal insulator is expanded perlite, it can be seen that over time there is only a very slight tendency to segregate the mixture since the apparent densities of the two particulate materials are substantially similar.
  • the mixture of particulate materials which forms the filling of the boxes of the secondary insulating barrier, preferably contains approximately 10% by weight of powder of aluminum relative to the total weight of the mixture of particulate materials.
  • the primary insulation barrier will be produced in the same way as the secondary insulation barrier. re: insulating boxes with reflective elements and aluminum powder, the volume of this insulation also being maintained under vacuum.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Description

La présente invention est relative à une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante destinée au stockage d'un gaz liquéfié à basse température et constituée d'au moins une barrière d'étanchéité et d'au moins une barrière isolante de volume V comprise entre la cloison externe de la cuve et ladite barrière d'étanchéité, ledit volume V étant à une pression absolue comprise entre 0,1 et 300 mbars et contenant des éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement.The present invention relates to a sealed and thermally insulating tank intended for the storage of a liquefied gas at low temperature and consisting of at least one sealing barrier and at least one insulating barrier of volume V comprised between the external partition. of the tank and said sealing barrier, said volume V being at an absolute pressure of between 0.1 and 300 mbar and containing radiation reflecting elements.

Une cuve de ce type est connue, par exemple d'après US-A 2 967 152. Selon ce document, l'isolation thermique est réalisée en combinant une poudre isolante avec des éléments relativement petits de matières ayant des propriétés de réflexion de la chaleur; ces petits éléments peuvent être notamment constitués par de la poudre d'aluminium.A tank of this type is known, for example from US-A 2,967,152. According to this document, thermal insulation is achieved by combining an insulating powder with relatively small elements of materials having heat reflecting properties. ; these small elements can in particular consist of aluminum powder.

On a également décrit des cuves étanches et isothermes destinées au stockage des gaz liquéfiés. Une cuve terrestre a notamment été décrite dans le brevet français no 2 398 961; une cuve intégrée à la structure porteuse d'un navire a, par exemple, été décrite dans les brevets français no 2 264 712 et no 2 257 544. Les cuves de ce type sont constituées par deux barrières d'étanchéité successives, l'une primaire au contact du gaz liquéfié et l'autre secondaire disposée entre la barrière primaire et la cloison externe de la cuve; ces deux barrières d'étanchéité sont alternées avec deux barrières thermiquement isolantes; les barrières d'étanchéité définies dans l'état de la technique susmentionné sont constituées de tôles d'invar soudées à bords relevés; les barrières d'isolation sont constituées au moyen de caisses contenant un isolant thermique particulaire tel que la perlite expansée.There have also been described sealed and insulated tanks intended for the storage of liquefied gases. A terrestrial tank has in particular been described in French patent No. 2,398,961; a tank integrated into the carrying structure of a ship has, for example, been described in French patents No. 2,264,712 and No. 2,257,544. The tanks of this type are constituted by two successive sealing barriers, one primary in contact with the liquefied gas and the other secondary disposed between the primary barrier and the external partition of the tank; these two sealing barriers are alternated with two thermally insulating barriers; the sealing barriers defined in the aforementioned state of the art are made of welded invar sheets with raised edges; the insulation barriers are formed by means of boxes containing a particulate thermal insulator such as expanded perlite.

Dans les cuves de ce type actuellement utilisées, l'isolation thermique est réalisée aussi bien que possible, mais il existe toujours des pertes thermiques qui entraînent la vaporisation du gaz liquéfié stocké.In the tanks of this type currently used, thermal insulation is carried out as well as possible, but there are always thermal losses which entail the vaporization of the stored liquefied gas.

On a déjà proposé, dans le brevet français no 2 535 831, d'améliorer l'isolation thermique des cuves de stockage de gaz liquéfié du type ci-dessus défini en mettant sous pression réduite la barrière d'isolation secondaire, la pression à maintenir dans le volume V occupé par ladite barrière étant comprise entre 0,1 et 300 mbars absolus.It has already been proposed in French Patent No. 2,535,831 to improve the thermal insulation of liquefied gas storage tanks of the type defined above by putting the secondary insulation barrier under reduced pressure, the pressure to be maintained in the volume V occupied by said barrier being between 0.1 and 300 mbar absolute.

On a constaté que l'on obtenait ainsi des améliorations d'isolation thermique très importantes et que l'entretoisement interne des caisses de la barrière d'isolation thermique permettait à ces caisses de supporter sans dommage la compression due à la mise en dépression du volume V où est disposée la barrière d'isolation secondaire.It has been found that very significant improvements in thermal insulation are thus obtained and that the internal bracing of the boxes of the thermal insulation barrier allows these boxes to withstand compression without damage due to the depression of the volume. V where the secondary insulation barrier is placed.

Néanmoins, subsistent dans les cuves de stockage perfectionnées du type ci-dessus défini des pertes thermiques, qui entraînent la vaporisation du gaz liquéfié stocké; dans les cuves existantes ayant leurs barrières d'isolation secondaire sous une pression de 5 mbars absolus, on constate une perte en poids de gaz liquéfié d'environ 0,25% pour un navire ayant une capacité de 75.000 m3 et un taux d'évaporation nominal de 0,30% par jour de stockage. Il est évident que le coût d'une telle perte est encore élevé, même si, dans le cas des navires de transport de gaz, on utilise le gaz vaporisé pour la propulsion du navire.Nevertheless, there remain in the improved storage tanks of the type defined above, thermal losses, which cause the vaporization of the stored liquefied gas; in existing tanks with their secondary insulation barriers at a pressure of 5 mbar absolute, there is a loss in weight of liquefied gas of about 0.25% for a ship with a capacity of 75,000 m3 and an evaporation rate nominal 0.30% per day of storage. It is obvious that the cost of such a loss is still high, even if, in the case of gas transport ships, vaporized gas is used for the propulsion of the ship.

La présente invention a pour but surtout de proposer une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante du genre défini précédemment qui permette de réduire les pertes thermiques.The main object of the present invention is to propose a sealed and thermally insulating tank of the kind defined above which makes it possible to reduce heat losses.

Selon l'invention, une cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante est caractérisée par le fait que, d'une manière connue en elle-même, la barrière isolante est constituée au moyen de caisses contenant un isolant thermique particulaire, ces caisses étant sensiblement parallélépipédiques et comportant des cloisonnements intérieurs, et que les éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement comprennent des feuilles recouvrant les surfaces planes présentées intérieurement par les caisses, et les parois desdits cloisonnements intérieurs.According to the invention, a sealed and thermally insulating tank is characterized in that, in a manner known per se, the insulating barrier is formed by means of boxes containing a particulate thermal insulator, these boxes being substantially parallelepiped and comprising interior partitions, and that the radiation reflecting elements comprise sheets covering the flat surfaces presented internally by the boxes, and the walls of said interior partitions.

Avec une telle disposition, chaque cellule élémentaire d'une caisse est dotée d'une face réfléchissante, ce qui permet de bénéficier d'une multiré- flexion à l'aide d'écrans généralement orthogonaux entre eux.With such an arrangement, each elementary cell of a box is provided with a reflective face, which makes it possible to benefit from multireflection by means of screens generally orthogonal to one another.

Il en résulte une amélioration très sensible de l'isolation thermique.This results in a very significant improvement in thermal insulation.

La réalisation de caisses et des cloisonnements intérieurs peut s'effectuer de manière simple à partir de parois de contreplaqué qui ont été recouver- tes; au préalable, d'une feuille réflectrice, notamment d'une feuille en aluminium poli.The production of boxes and interior partitions can be carried out in a simple manner from plywood walls which have been covered; beforehand, a reflective sheet, in particular a polished aluminum sheet.

On a constaté que la mise en place de tels éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement dans le volume V permettait de réduire de 30% les pertes thermiques constatées en l'absence de ces éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement. Il convient cependant de noter que cette amélioration significative de l'isolation n'est importante que dans la mesure où le volume V de la barrière isolante secondaire est placé sous pression réduite car, dans le cas contraire, l'amélioration n'est pratiquement pas notable, compte tenu de l'importance des pertes par convection. En d'autres termes, la mise en place d'éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement ne fournit un résultat satisfaisant que dans la mesure où elle est combinée à la mise sous pression réduite du volume V.It has been found that the installation of such radiation reflecting elements in the volume V makes it possible to reduce by 30% the thermal losses observed in the absence of these radiation reflecting elements. It should however be noted that this significant improvement in the insulation is only significant insofar as the volume V of the secondary insulating barrier is placed under reduced pressure because, otherwise, the improvement is practically not significant, given the importance of convection losses. In other words, the placement of radiation reflecting elements provides a satisfactory result only insofar as it is combined with the placing under reduced pressure of the volume V.

De préférence, les éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement comprennent des feuilles disposées entre, d'une part, les caisses de la barrière isolante, et, d'autre part, la cloison externe de la cuve.Preferably, the radiation reflecting elements comprise sheets arranged between, on the one hand, the boxes of the insulating barrier, and, on the other hand, the external partition of the tank.

Les feuilles des éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement sont avantageusement en aluminium poli.The sheets of the radiation reflecting elements are advantageously made of polished aluminum.

En général, la cuve présente deux barrières d'étanchéité successives, l'une primaire au contact avec le gaz liquéfié et l'autre secondaire disposée entre la barrière primaire et la cloison externe de la cuve, le volume V étant compris entre la cloison externe de la cuve et la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire.In general, the tank has two successive sealing barriers, one primary in contact with the liquefied gas and the other secondary disposed between the primary barrier and the external partition of the tank, the volume V being between the external partition. of the tank and the secondary sealing barrier.

De préférence, au moins certains éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement sont réalisés sous forme de matériaux particulaires, et sont mélangés à l'isolant thermique particulaire contenu dans les caisses.Preferably, at least certain radiation reflecting elements are produced in the form of particulate materials, and are mixed with the particulate thermal insulation contained in the boxes.

Un matériau de liaison peut être mélangé à l'isolant thermique particulaire et aux éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement sous forme particulaire, pour maintenir au cours du temps l'homogénéité du mélange des deux matériaux particulaires.Bonding material can be mixed with particulate thermal insulation and reflective elements radiation in particulate form, to maintain the homogeneity of the mixture of the two particulate materials over time.

Le matériau particulaire, qui constitue les éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement peut être de la poudre d'aluminium.The particulate material which constitutes the radiation reflecting elements can be aluminum powder.

Avantageusement, le matériau de liaison est un matériau à propriétés adhésives réparti dans le mélange de matériaux particulaires, qui forme le remplissage des caisses de la barrière isolante secondaire.Advantageously, the bonding material is a material with adhesive properties distributed in the mixture of particulate materials, which forms the filling of the boxes of the secondary insulating barrier.

Le mélange de matériaux particulaires, qui forme le remplissage des caisses de la barrière isolante secondaire, peut contenir de 1 à 25% en poids de matériau particulaire constituant les éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement.The mixture of particulate materials, which forms the filling of the boxes of the secondary insulating barrier, can contain from 1 to 25% by weight of particulate material constituting the radiation reflecting elements.

La cloison externe est généralement constituée par la double coque d'un navire.The external partition is generally constituted by the double hull of a ship.

L'invention concerne également un navire transporteur de gaz liquéfié à basse température, notamment du gaz liquéfié à forte teneur en méthane, comportant au moins une cuve telle que définie ci-dessus.The invention also relates to a vessel transporting liquefied gas at low temperature, in particular liquefied gas with a high methane content, comprising at least one tank as defined above.

Pour mieux faire comprendre l'objet de l'invention, on va en décrire maintenant à titre d'exemple purement illustratif et non limitatif, un mode de réalisation représenté sur le dessin annexé.To better understand the object of the invention, there will now be described by way of purely illustrative and nonlimiting example, an embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing.

Sur ce dessin :

  • - la figure 1 représente, en perspective éclatée, les barrières d'étanchéité et d'isolation d'une cuve de navire méthanier réalisée comme indiqué dans le brevet français n° 2 527 544 ;
  • - la figure 2 représente schématiquement la mise en place d'éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement plans à l'intérieur d'une caisse constitutive de la barrière d'isolation secondaire ;
  • - la figure 3 représente schématiquement la mise en place d'un matériau particulaire formant des éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement à l'intérieur d'une caisse constitutive de la barrière d'isolation secondaire.
On this drawing :
  • - Figure 1 shows, in exploded perspective, the sealing barriers and insulation of a methane tanker vessel carried out as indicated in French Patent No. 2,527,544;
  • - Figure 2 schematically shows the establishment of planar radiation reflecting elements inside a box constituting the secondary insulation barrier;
  • - Figure 3 schematically shows the establishment of a particulate material forming radiation reflecting elements inside a body constituting the secondary insulation barrier.

Un navire méthanier, tel que décrit dans le brevet français n° 2 527 544, comprend des cuves dont la paroi externe 1 est constituée par la double coque du navire. De façon connue, on dispose sur cette paroi des lattes de contreplaqué qui reposent sur des boudins de résine polymérisable et l'on règle le positionnement de ces lattes 2 de telle sorte qu'elles définissent, de façon discontinue, une surface théorique indépendante de la plus ou moins bonne conformation de la paroi 1.A methane tanker, as described in French Patent No. 2,527,544, comprises tanks whose outer wall 1 is formed by the double hull of the ship. In known manner, there are plywood slats on this wall which rest on strands of polymerizable resin and the positioning of these slats 2 is adjusted so that they define, in a discontinuous manner, a theoretical surface independent of the more or less good conformation of the wall 1.

Sur les lattes 2, on met en place les éléments de la deuxième couche de la barrière d'isolation secondaire : ces éléments sont désignés dans leur ensemble par la référence 3 ; chaque élément est constitué d'un caisson parallélépipédique en bois contreplaqué de 1,2 mètre sur 1 mètre et comporte intérieurement des entretoises porteuses 4, qui sont toutes parallèles au grand côté du caisson. Les entretoises 4 sont interposées entre les deux grandes faces du caisson, l'une de ces grandes faces reposant sur les lattes 2. Entre les entretoises porteuses 4, on a mis en place des entretoises non porteuses 5, qui sont uniquement destinées à assurer le positionnement relatif des entretoises 4. Les entretoises non porteuses 5 sont réalisées en mousse plastique ; chaque caison 3 a une épaisseur de 25 cm et comporte cinq entretoises porteuses 4 et trois entretoises non porteuses 5.On the slats 2, the elements of the second layer of the secondary insulation barrier are put in place: these elements are designated as a whole by the reference 3; each element consists of a rectangular plywood box of 1.2 meters by 1 meter and internally has supporting struts 4, which are all parallel to the long side of the box. The spacers 4 are interposed between the two large faces of the box, one of these large faces resting on the slats 2. Between the load-bearing spacers 4, non-load-bearing spacers 5 have been put in place, which are only intended to ensure the relative positioning of the spacers 4. The non-supporting spacers 5 are made of plastic foam; each tank 3 is 25 cm thick and has five load-bearing spacers 4 and three non-load-bearing spacers 5.

La grande face du caisson 3, qui repose sur les lattes 2, déborde de la paroi latérale du caisson sur les deux petits côtés 6 de cette grande face. Dans chaque angle du caisson, sur cette partie débordante, on a prévu des tasseaux 7 qui ont l'épaisseur de cette partie débordante. Ces tasseaux 7 constituent les moyens de fixation du caisson 3.The large face of the box 3, which rests on the slats 2, projects from the side wall of the box on the two short sides 6 of this large face. In each corner of the box, on this projecting part, battens 7 are provided which have the thickness of this projecting part. These cleats 7 constitute the means for fixing the box 3.

Ces moyens de fixation 7 coopèrent avec des organes de retenue constitués de goujons 8 soudés sur la structure porteuse 1 du navire, ces goujons 8 comportant une extrémité filetée avec laquelle coopère un écrou qui s'appuie sur une plaquette carrée. Lorsque quatre caissons 3 sont mis en place de façon qu'ils aient chacun un angle adjacent au goujon 8, on peut maintenir les quatre tasseaux 7, qui se trouvent au voisinage de ce goujon 8, au moyen de la plaquette associée à ce goujon.These fastening means 7 cooperate with retaining members made up of studs 8 welded to the load-bearing structure 1 of the ship, these studs 8 comprising a threaded end with which cooperates a nut which rests on a square plate. When four boxes 3 are put in place so that they each have an angle adjacent to the stud 8, the four battens 7, which are located in the vicinity of this stud 8, can be maintained by means of the plate associated with this stud.

Les caissons 3 sont en appui l'un contre l'autre selon leurs faces perpendiculaires aux alignements de goujons 8, mais, dans le sens perpendiculaire, les caissons 3 sont espacés par une zone de joint où se trouvent les tasseaux 7 et les organes de retenue. Après que l'on ait vissé tous les organes de retenue, les zones de joint sont bouchées par les cales 9 en matière plastique, ces cales présentant des fentes longitudinales, qui permettent leur insertion avec serrage élastique dans les zones de joint. Les parties de zones de joint non remplies par les cales 9 peuvent être remplies de laine de verre.The boxes 3 are in abutment against one another along their faces perpendicular to the alignment of studs 8, but, in the perpendicular direction, the boxes 3 are spaced by a joint zone where the battens 7 and the members of detention. After all the retaining members have been screwed on, the joint zones are blocked by the plastic shims 9, these shims having longitudinal slots, which allow their insertion with elastic clamping in the joint zones. The parts of the joint zones which are not filled by the shims 9 can be filled with glass wool.

La barrière d'isolation secondaire comporte, au-dessus de cette deuxième couche, qui vient d'être décrite, une première couche constituée de caissons désignés chacun par la référence 10 dans leur ensemble. L'ensemble des caissons 10 repose directement sur l'ensemble des caissons 3. Chaque caisson 10 est constituée d'une boîte parallélépipédique réalisée en bois contreplaqué; ces boîtes ont une épaisseur de 20 cm et des grandes faces,qui ont identiquement les mêmes dimensions que celles des grandes faces des caissons 3.The secondary insulation barrier comprises, above this second layer, which has just been described, a first layer consisting of boxes each designated by the reference 10 as a whole. The set of boxes 10 rests directly on the set of boxes 3. Each box 10 consists of a parallelepiped box made of plywood; these boxes have a thickness of 20 cm and large faces, which have identically the same dimensions as those of the large faces of the boxes 3.

A l'intérieur de chaque caisson 10, on trouve, parallèlement aux petits côtés, sept entretoises porteuses équidistantes 11 et parallèlement aux grands côtés, trois entretoises non porteuses 12. Les entretoises porteuses 11 sont des plaques de contreplaqué insérées entre les deux grandes faces du caisson 10. Les entretoises non porteuses 12 sont réalisées en mousse plastique et ont le même rôle que les entretoises 5 précédemment décrites.Inside each box 10, there are, parallel to the short sides, seven equidistant carrier spacers 11 and parallel to the long sides, three non-carrier spacers 12. The carrier spacers 11 are plywood plates inserted between the two large faces of the box 10. The non-supporting spacers 12 are made of plastic foam and have the same role as the spacers 5 previously described.

La grande face du caisson 10,qui se trouve vers l'intérieur de la cuve, c'est-à-dire du côté opposé au caisson 3, porte deux rainures 13 parallèles aux grands côtés du caisson ; ces rainures 13 sont pratiquées dans l'épaisseur des grandes faces du caisson et elles ont une section en I. A l'intérieur de ces rainures 13, on met en place des ailes de soudures 14 constituées d'une bande d'invar pliée en équerre, pour avoir une section droite en L.The large face of the box 10, which is located towards the inside of the tank, that is to say on the side opposite to the box 3, carries two grooves 13 parallel to the long sides of the box; these grooves 13 are formed in the thickness of the large faces of the box and they have an I-section. Inside these grooves 13, weld wings 14 are put in place consisting of an invar strip folded in square, to have a cross section in L.

Les organes de retenue de cette première couche de la barrière d'isolation secondaire sont constitués par des tiges 15, dont la base est vissée dans une douille 8 a soudée sur la structure porteuse 1 du navire.The retainers of this first neck che of the secondary insulation barrier are constituted by rods 15, the base of which is screwed into a socket 8 welded to the support structure 1 of the ship.

Dans les zones de joint comprises entre les tiges 15, on insère des cales de matière plastique qui comportent des fentes longitudinales de façon à pouvoir être insérées par compression élastique dans les zones de joint et à s'y maintenir ensuite par blocage élastique. Ces cales comportent des rainures longitudinales ayant le même rôle que les rainures des cales 9. Les parties des zones de joint de cette première couche, qu'elles ne sont pas occupées par les cales de matière plastique isolante, peuvent avantageusement être bourrées de laine de verre pour améliorer l'isolation.In the joint zones between the rods 15, plastic shims are inserted which have longitudinal slots so that they can be inserted by elastic compression in the joint zones and then be held there by elastic blocking. These shims have longitudinal grooves having the same role as the grooves of the shims 9. The parts of the joint zones of this first layer, that they are not occupied by the shims of insulating plastic material, can advantageously be stuffed with wool of glass to improve insulation.

Sur la deuxième couche de la barrière isolante secondaire, on met en place la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire qui est constituée par des virures d'invar 16 à bords relevés. Ces virures 16 sont disposées entre deux ailes de soudure 14 consécutives : elles ont une largeur de 50 cm ; les soudures sont réalisées de part et d'autre des ailes 14 de façon continue par assurer l'étanchéité. Les ailes 14 retiennent la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire sur les caissons 10. La surface d'appui de la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire est continue même au droit des zones de joint entre les caissons 10 en raison de la présente des cales notamment.On the second layer of the secondary insulating barrier, the secondary sealing barrier which is constituted by invar strakes 16 with raised edges is put in place. These strakes 16 are arranged between two consecutive weld wings 14: they have a width of 50 cm; the welds are made on either side of the wings 14 continuously to ensure sealing. The wings 14 retain the secondary sealing barrier on the caissons 10. The bearing surface of the secondary sealing barrier is continuous even at the level of the joint areas between the caissons 10 due to the presence of shims in particular.

La barrière d'isolation primaire est constituée au moyen de caissons 17 qui sont maintenus en position par des organes d'ancrage fixés dans des embases 18 reliées aux douilles 8 a.The primary insulation barrier is constituted by means of boxes 17 which are held in position by anchoring members fixed in bases 18 connected to the sockets 8 a.

Chaque caisson 17 est une boîte parallélépipédique rectangle réalisée en bois contreplaqué ; l'épaisseur de la boîte est de 20 cm et les dimensions des grandes faces sont identiques à celles des caissons 3 et 10. A l'intérieur des caissons 17, sont disposées sept entretoises porteuses dont le positionnement relatif est maintenu par des entretoises non porteuses réalisées en mousse plastique. La grande face du caisson 17, qui se trouve vers l'intérieur de la cuve, porte des rainures 19 pratiquées dans l'épaisseur de la paroi et parallèles aux rainures 13. Ces rainures 19 ont une section droite en T ; elles servent au positionnement d'ailes de soudage 20 identiques aux ailes 14 . La grande face du caisson 17, qui est opposée à celle qui porte les rainures 19, porte également des rainures pratiquées au droit de et dans une entretoise porteuse : ces rainures sont destinées à loger les ailes de soudage 14 et les bords relevés des virures 16 qui leur sont associés. Les grandes faces des caissons 17, qui portent les rainures 19, présentent, grâce à des moyens connus qui sont notamment décrits dans le brevet français n° 2 527 544, une surface continue sur laquelle peut venir s'appuyer la barrière d'étanchéité primaire de la cuve. Cette barrière d'étanchéité primaire est réalisée au moyen de virures 21 en invar qui sont indentiques aux virures 16 précédemment décrites. Les virures 21 sont soudées à bords relevés de part et d'autre des ailes de soudure 20 mises en place dans les rainures 19.Each box 17 is a rectangular parallelepiped box made of plywood; the thickness of the box is 20 cm and the dimensions of the large faces are identical to those of the boxes 3 and 10. Inside the boxes 17, seven load-bearing spacers are arranged, the relative positioning of which is maintained by non-load-bearing spacers made of plastic foam. The large face of the box 17, which is located towards the inside of the tank, carries grooves 19 formed in the thickness of the wall and parallel to the grooves 13. These grooves 19 have a cross section in T; they are used for positioning welding wings 20 identical to the wings 14. The large face of the box 17, which is opposite to that which carries the grooves 19, also carries grooves made in line with and in a load-bearing spacer: these grooves are intended to house the welding wings 14 and the raised edges of the strakes 16 associated with them. The large faces of the casing 17, which bear the grooves 19 have, through known means which are described in particular in French Patent No. 2,527,544, a continuous surface which can come to bear the primary sealing barrier of the tank. This primary sealing barrier is produced by invar strakes 21 which are identical to strakes 16 previously described. The strakes 21 are welded with raised edges on either side of the weld wings 20 placed in the grooves 19.

Les caissons 3, 10 et 17, qui ont été précédemment décrits en détail, sont remplis d'un matériau particulaire thermiquement isolant, tel que par exemple de la perlite expansée.The boxes 3, 10 and 17, which have been previously described in detail, are filled with a thermally insulating particulate material, such as for example expanded perlite.

Le volume V, qui est compris entre la cloison externe 1 de la cuve et la barrière d'étanchéité secondaire constituée par les virures 16, est à une pression absolue comprise entre 0,1 et 300 mbars. C'est dans ce volume que sont disposés, selon la présente invention, des éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement.The volume V, which is between the external partition 1 of the tank and the secondary sealing barrier constituted by the strakes 16, is at an absolute pressure of between 0.1 and 300 mbar. It is in this volume that are arranged, according to the present invention, radiation reflecting elements.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention qui est représenté à la figure 2, certains de tels éléments réflecteurs 22 recouvrent intérieurement les grandes faces des caisses ou caissons parallélépipédiques 3, 10 de la barrière d'isolation secondaire. Certains de ces éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement peuvent également recouvrir les parois du cloisonnement intérieur constitué par les entretoises porteuses 4 et non porteuses 5. Ces éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement peuvent être disposés dans des caissons de la première couche d'isolation et/ou dans des caissons de la deuxième couche d'isolation.According to a first embodiment of the invention which is shown in Figure 2, some of such reflective elements 22 internally cover the large faces of the boxes or parallelepiped boxes 3, 10 of the secondary insulation barrier. Some of these radiation-reflecting elements may also cover the walls of the interior partitioning formed by the load-bearing 4 and non-load-bearing spacers 5. These radiation-reflecting elements can be placed in boxes of the first insulation layer and / or in boxes of the second layer of insulation.

En variante, on peut aussi prévoir de disposer certains de ces éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement entre les caisses 3 de la deuxième couche de la barrière isolante secondaire et la cloison externe 1 de la cuve.As a variant, it is also possible to arrange some of these radiation reflecting elements between the boxes 3 of the second layer of the secondary insulating barrier and the external partition 1 of the tank.

Ces éléments 22 réflecteurs de rayonnement sont constitués par un matériau ayant un haut pouvoir de réflection, tel que, par exemple, des feuilles d'aluminium poli.These radiation reflecting elements 22 are made of a material having a high reflectivity, such as, for example, sheets of polished aluminum.

Selon un second mode de réalisation de la présente invention, les éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement sont des éléments particulaires 23 qui sont mélangés à l'isolant thermique particulaire 24 comme représenté sur la figure 3.According to a second embodiment of the present invention, the radiation reflecting elements are particulate elements 23 which are mixed with the particulate thermal insulator 24 as shown in FIG. 3.

Un matériau de liaison peut être mélangé à l'isolant thermique particulaire 24 et aux éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement 23 sous forme particulaire pour maintenir, au cours du temps, l'homogénéité du mélange des deux matériaux particulaires et éviter ainsi la ségrégation de ce mélange. Ce matériau de liaison peut être un matériau à propriétés adhésives réparti dans le mélange de matériau particulaire qui forme le remplissage des caisses de la barrière isolante secondaire.A bonding material can be mixed with the particulate thermal insulator 24 and the radiation reflecting elements 23 in particulate form to maintain, over time, the homogeneity of the mixture of the two particulate materials and thus avoid segregation of this mixture. This bonding material can be a material with adhesive properties distributed in the mixture of particulate material which forms the filling of the boxes of the secondary insulating barrier.

On utilise avantageusement comme matériau particulaire constituant les éléments réflecteurs de rayonnement 23 de la poudre d'aluminium. Dans ce cas, si le matériau particulaire constituant l'isolant thermique est de la perlite expansée, on constate qu'au cours du temps, il n'y a qu'une très faible tendance à la ségrégation du mélange étant donné que les densités apparentes des deux matériaux particulaires sont sensiblement voisines.The particulate material constituting the radiation reflecting elements 23 of the aluminum powder is advantageously used. In this case, if the particulate material constituting the thermal insulator is expanded perlite, it can be seen that over time there is only a very slight tendency to segregate the mixture since the apparent densities of the two particulate materials are substantially similar.

Dans le cas où on utilise de la perlite expansée et de la poudre d'aluminium, le mélange de matériaux particulaires, qui forme le remplissage des caissons de la barrière isolante secondaire, contient, de préférence, environ 10% en poids de poudre d'aluminium par rapport au poids total du mélange de matériaux particulaires.In the case where expanded perlite and aluminum powder are used, the mixture of particulate materials, which forms the filling of the boxes of the secondary insulating barrier, preferably contains approximately 10% by weight of powder of aluminum relative to the total weight of the mixture of particulate materials.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de la présente invention, la barrière d'isolation primaire sera réalisée à l'identique de la barrière d'isolation secondaire : caissons isolants avec éléments réflecteurs et poudre d'aluminium, le volume de cette isolation étant également maintenu sous vide.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the primary insulation barrier will be produced in the same way as the secondary insulation barrier. re: insulating boxes with reflective elements and aluminum powder, the volume of this insulation also being maintained under vacuum.

Claims (11)

1. A leakproof and thermally insulating tank intended for the storage of a liquefied gas at a low temperature and constituted by at least one sealing barrier and at least one insulating barrier of volume V, comprised between the external wall of the tank and the said sealing barrier, the said volume V being at an absolute pressure comprised between 0,1 and 300 mbars and containing radiation reflector elements, characterized in that, in a per se known manner, the insulating barrier is constituted by means of compartments (3, 10) containing a particulate thermal insulating material (24), these compartments (3, 10) being substantially parallelepiped and containing internal partitions (4, 5, 11, 12) and in that the radiation reflector elements (22) comprise sheets covering the flat surfaces internally presented by the compartments (3, 10) and the walls of said internal partitions (4, 5, 11, 12).
2. A tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiation reflector elements (22) comprise sheets disposed between, on the one hand, the compartments (3) of the insulating barrier and, on the other hand, the external wall (1) of the tank.
3. A tank according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sheets of radiation reflector elements (22) are constituted by polished aluminium.
4. A tank according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said tank comprises two successive sealing barriers, the primary one (21) in contact with the liquefied gas and the other, secondary one (16) disposed between the primary barrier and the external wall (1) of the tank, the volume V being comprised between the external wall (1) of the tank and the secondary sealing barrier (16).
5. A tank according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least some of the radiation reflector elements (23) are constituted by particulate material and are mixed with the thermal insulating particulate material (24) contained in the compartments.
6. A tank according to claim 5, characterized in that a binding material is intermixed with the thermal insulating particulate material (24) and with the radiation reflector elements in the form of a particulate material (23) to maintain the homogeneity of the mixture of the two particulate materials in the course of time.
7. A tank according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the particulate material constituting the radiation reflector elements (23) is aluminium powder.
8. A tank according to claim 6, characterized in that the binding material is a material with adhesive properties spread through the particulate materials mixture which forms the filling of the compartments (3, 10) of the secondary insulating barrier.
9. A tank according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the mixture of the particulate materials forming the filling of the compartments of the secondary insulating barrier contains from 1 to 25% by weight of the particulate material constituting the radiation reflector elements (23).
10. A tank according to one of preceding claims, characterized in that the external wall (1) of the tank is constituted by the double hull of a vessel.
11. A vessel carrying liquefied gas at a low temperature, in particular liquefied natural gas with a high methane content, characterized in that it comprises at least one tank according to one of claims 1 to 10.
EP86401673A 1985-08-06 1986-07-28 Thermally insulated impervious container, and ship carrying it Expired EP0214007B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR8512038 1985-08-06
FR8512038A FR2586082B1 (en) 1985-08-06 1985-08-06 WATERPROOF AND THERMALLY INSULATING TANK AND VESSEL COMPRISING SAME

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EP0214007B1 true EP0214007B1 (en) 1989-10-11

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JP (1) JPS6249099A (en)
KR (1) KR900007202B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3666204D1 (en)
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FR2586082A1 (en) 1987-02-13
EP0214007A1 (en) 1987-03-11
FR2586082B1 (en) 1988-07-08
JPS6249099A (en) 1987-03-03
KR900007202B1 (en) 1990-10-05
DE3666204D1 (en) 1989-11-16
KR870002418A (en) 1987-03-31

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