Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
  • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
  • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
  • G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
  • G03G5/0503—Inert supplements
  • G03G5/051—Organic non-macromolecular compounds
  • G03G5/0521—Organic non-macromolecular compounds comprising one or more heterocyclic groups
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
  • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
  • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
  • G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
  • G03G5/0503—Inert supplements
  • G03G5/051—Organic non-macromolecular compounds
  • G03G5/0517—Organic non-macromolecular compounds comprising one or more cyclic groups consisting of carbon-atoms only
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
  • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
  • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
  • G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
  • G03G5/0664—Dyes
  • G03G5/0696—Phthalocyanines

Definitions

• This invention relates to a matric plate for electrophotographic platemaking and a printing plate obtained by exposing to radiation and developing the matric plate. More particularly, it relates to a plate-making matric plate sensitive to a semiconductor laser and capable of directly making a plate by the electrophotographic process and a printing plate obtained by exposing to radiation and developing the matric plate.
• the conventional matric plate for platemaking has relied predominantly on the method using photosensitive resin (PS plate method).
• PS plate method since the platemaking is accomplished by causing the received information to be written in a silver salt film as a provisional step, pressing the film fast against a matric plate, and exposing the film to radiation, this method has a disadvantage that the plate-making operation necessitates a voluminous apparatus and consumes much time.
• most photosensitive materials for the PS plate method make use of a photochemical reaction and, therefore, require ample exposure to radiation and generally are deficient in sensitivity.
• the photosensitive materials of the PS plate method have a disadvantage that they are incapable of producing fully satisfactory image information by the exposure to a low-output inexpensive semiconductor laser.
• the plate-making matric plate using zinc oxide generally suffers from disadvantages such as (A) the fact that the produced printing plate tends to be defiled because the non-image part thereof is deficient in hydrophilicity, (B) the fact that the produced printing plate is deficient in resistance to the impact of printing because it suffers the photosensitive layer to peel off under the mechanical pressure exerted thereon during the course of printing or owing to the permeation therein of the dampening water, and (C) the fact that the produced printing plate, in spite of sensitization with pigment performed in advance thereon for impartation of sensitivity to the region of visible light, exhibits no fully satisfactory sensitivity in the region of long wavelength exceeding 600 nm and allows no easy effective exposure with a semiconductor laser.
• the platemaking is accomplished by dispersing the photoelectroconductive organic compound in a binder regin formed mainly of an alkali-soluble resin thereby preparing a photosensitive material, applying the photosensitive material to an abraded surface of a substrate such as of aluminum sheet thereby superposing a photosensitive layer on the substrate, forming a toner image by the electrophotographic technique on the photosensitive layer, and dissolving and removing the non-­image part with an alkali extractant.
• JP-A-54-134,632(1979), JP-A-55-105,254(1980), and JP-A-55-153,948(1980) disclose such matric plates using phenol resin as the alkali-soluble resin.
• phenol resin is used as a binder regin for such a photoelectroconductive organic compound, however, the produced film has a disadvantage that it is brittle and, therefore, deficient in resistance to the impact of printing.
• JP-A-58-76,843(1983), JP-A-59-147,355(1984), JP-A-­60-17,752(1985), JP-A-60-243,670( 1985), JP-A-62-­198,864(1987), and JP-A-64-23,260(1989) disclose matric plates using a styrene-maleic acid copolymer as the alkali-­soluble resin.
• a styrene-maleic acid copolymer is used as a binder regin for a photoelectroconductive organic compound, however, there arises a disadvantage that the produced film is so hard that the printing plate tends to sustain cracks when it is bent.
• JP-A-54-89,801(1979) discloses a matric plate using an aqueous acrylic resin as a binder regin and an ⁇ type crystalline copper phthalocyanine as a photoelectroconductive organic compound. These matric plates are capable of forming an image by the electrophotographic process. They, however, suffer from a disadvantage that they are not easily etched with an aqueous alkali solution and are incapable of effective exposure to a radiation in the near infrared region such as a semiconductor laser.
• JP-A-56-146,145(1981) discloses a method which uses as a binder regin such an acrylic resin as an acrylic acid/methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate copolymer, for example, and as photoelectroconductive organic compounds a condensed polycyclic quinone type pigment and an oxadiazole derivative.
• a binder regin such an acrylic resin as an acrylic acid/methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate copolymer, for example, and as photoelectroconductive organic compounds a condensed polycyclic quinone type pigment and an oxadiazole derivative.
• the matric plate obtained by this method allows an etching treatment to be effected easily with an aqueous alkali solution, it has a disadvantage that it possesses no fully satisfactory electrophotographic properties and betrays poor stability to withstand storage for an extended period. It also has a disadvantage that it is incapable of effective exposure to radiation in the near infrared region such as a semiconductor laser.
• An object of this invention is to provide a novel matric plate for electrophotographic platemaking and a printing plate produced by exposing to radiation and developing this matric plate.
• Another object of this invention is to provide an electrophotographic plate-making quality matric plate resorting to an improved method using a photoelectroconductive organic compound and a lithographic printing plate.
• a further object of this invention is to provide an electrophotographic plate-making quality matric plate excelling in electrophotographic properties and alkali-­extractability and a lithographic printing plate excelling in printing properties.
• Still another object of this invention is to provide an electrophotographic plate-making quality matric plate capable of producing a printing plate excelling in stability to withstand storage for an extended period and resistance to the impact of printing.
• Yet another object of this invention is to provide an electrophotographic plate-making quality matric plate which is furnished with a photosensitive layer excelling in lightfastness and weatherability owing to the use of a binder regin possessing highly satisfactory fast adhesiveness to a substrate and satisfactory mechanical strength.
• a further object of this invention is to provide an electrophotographic plate-making quality matric plate exhibiting high sensitivity even in the region of near infrared wavelength and allowing effective exposure to a semiconductor laser.
• an electrophotographic plate-making quality matrix plate provided on an electroconductive substrate thereof with a photosensitive layer formed of an alkali-soluble binder regin containing a photoelectroconductive organic compound, which matric plate is characterized by the fact that the photoelectroconductive organic compound is a zinc phthalocyanine represented by the general formula I: wherein R is a -SZ group (where Z is a phenyl group, a phenyl substituted with an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a naphthyl group), and the binder regin is a copolymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture comprising (a) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydroxyalkyl acrylates and hydroxyalkyl methacrylates, (b) at least one copolymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acid, (c) at least one styrene compound, and (d) at least one compound selected from among acrylic esters other than
• a lithographic printing plate which is produced by forming a toner image by the electrophotographic process on the electrophotographic plate-making matric plate described above, fixing the toner image, and removing the non-image part with an alkaline etching liquid.
• the electrophotographic plate-making quality matric plate according with the present invention is provided on an electroconductive substrate with a photosensitive layer.
• This photosensitive layer is formed of an alkali-soluble binder regin containing a photoelectroconductive organic compound.
• the photoelectroconductive organic compound to be used in the present invention is a zinc phthalocyanine represented by the aforementioned general formula I.
• This size phthalocyanine excels in electrophotographic properties even when it is contained in the alkali-soluble binder regin and refrains from interfering with alkali-extractability.
• the zinc phthalocyanine represented by the general formula I can be produced as follows from 3,4,5,6-­tetrafluorophthalonitrile, for example, as a starting material.
• 3,4,5,6-tetrafluorophthalonitrile is caused to react with RSH, RSNa, or RSK, wherein R is a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, for example, in the presence of a condensing agent such as an alkaline substance (KF, for example) to synthesize 3,4,5,6-tetrafluorophthalonitrile having functional groups substituted in advance on each for the fluorine atoms at the 4 and 5 positions thereof.
• KF alkaline substance
• the binder regin to be used in the present invention is a copolymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture comprising (a) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydroxyalkyl acrylates and hydroxyalkyl methacrylates, (b) at least one copolymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acid, (c) at least one styrene compound, and (d) at least one compound selected from among acrylic esters other than hydroxyalkyl acrylates of (a).
• the monomer of (a) is at least one compound selected from among hydroxyalkyl acrylates and hydroxyalkyl methacrylates having hydroxyalkyl groups of 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 6, carbon atoms (hereinafter acrylic acid and methacrylic acid will be collectively referred to as "(meth)acrylic acid").
• the hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates which are usable herein include 2-­hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylates, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylates, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylates, 2-­hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylates, glycerol mono(meth)acrylates, and trimethylol propane (meth)acrylates, for example.
• the use of the monomer (a) results in improving the electrophotographic properties and the durability as a printing plate. It also contributes to producing a uniform and pretty coating.
• This favorable effect may be logically explained by a postulate that the introduction of the hydroxy group in the binder regin enhances the fast adhesiveness of the binder regin to the electroconductive substrate and, at the same time, heightens the affinity of the binder regin for the phthalocyanine of the present invention to the extent of improving the dispersibility. It is also effective in heightening the alkali etching property and allowing a decrease in the proportion of the copolymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acid which is liable to impair electrophotographic properties when used in a high ratio.
• the ratio of the monomer of (a) to be used is in the range of 0.5 to 40% by weight, preferably 2 to 25% by weight, based on the total amount of the mixed monomer. If this ratio is less than 0.5% by weight or not less than 40% by weight, there arises a disadvantage that the electrophotographic properties and the durability of printing plate are degraded.
• the monomer of (b) is at least one copolymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acid.
• the copolymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acids which are usable herein include such unsaturated monomers as monocarboxylic acids represented by (meth)acrylic acids; dicarboxylic acids represented by maleic acid, itaconic acid, and citraconic acid and dicarboxylic monoesters represented by monoisopropyl maleate which have at least one carboxyl group in the molecular unit thereof.
• (meth)acrylic acids and/or itaconic acid prove to be advantageously useful.
• the ratio of the monomer of (b) to be used herein is in the range of 10 to 40% by weight, preferably 15 to 30% by weight, based on the total amount of the monomer mixture. If this ratio is less than 10% by weight, there follows a disadvantage that the alkali-solubility of the produced copolymer is unduly low and the etching speed is proportionally low. Conversely, if this ratio exceeds 40% by weight, the photosensitive layer is too deficient in chargeability to be used effectively.
• the copolymer to be used as the binder regin of the present invention may incorporate therein a carboxylic acid so much as to adjust the acid value thereof in the range of 50 to 300 mg-KOH/g. By using the copolymerizable carboxylic acid in the specific range mentioned above, the etching property can be improved without impairing the electrophotographic properties.
• the monomer of (c) is a styrene compound.
• the styrene compounds which are effectively usable herein include styrene and alkyl styrenes such as methyl styrene, ethyl styrene, and isopropyl styrene, for example. Among other styrene compounds mentioned above, styrene proves to be particularly preferable.
• the ratio of the monomer of (c) to be used is in the range of 10 to 70% by weight, preferably 25 to 55% by weight, based on the total amount of the monomer mixture.
• this ratio is less than 10% by weight, there ensues a disadvantage that the strength, the affinity (dispersibility) for phthalocyanine, and the chargeability are unduly low. Conversely, if this ratio exceeds 70% by weight, there ensues a disadvantage that the aforementioned effects due to the use of the monomers of (a) and (b) are no longer manifested because the ratios of the monomers of (a) and (b) are proportionately decrease.
• the monomer of (d) is at least one compound selected from among the acrylic esters other than the hydroxyalkyl acrylates usable for the monomer of (a).
• the acrylic esters which are usable effectively herein include alkyl acrylates having alkyl groups of 1 to 12, preferably 2 to 8, carbon atoms and cycloalkyl acrylates having cycloalkyl groups of 5 to 7 carbon atoms.
• alkyl acrylates and cycloalkyl acrylates are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, 2-­ethylhexyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, and cycloheptyl acrylate.
• the ratio of an alkyl acrylate or cycloalkyl acrylate to be used is in the range of 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to ino% by weight, based on the total amount of the monomer mixture.
• the monomer of (e) which is used as occasion demands in the present invention is at least one compound selected from methacrylic esters other than the aforementioned hydroxyalkyl methacrylates.
• the methacrylic esters which are usable herein are alkyl methacrylates having alkyl groups of 1 to 12, preferably 2 to 8, carbon atoms and cycloalkyl methacrylates having cycloalkyl groups of 5 to 7 carbon atoms.
• alkyl methacrylates and cycloalkyl methacrylates there may be cited methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, sec-butyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and cycloheptyl methacrylate.
• the ratio of an alkyl methacrylate or cycloalkyl methacrylate to be used is in the range of 0 to 40% by weight, preferably not more than 15% by weight. So long as this ratio is in the range mentioned above, the added methacrylate goes to enhancing the durability. If this ratio exceeds 40% by weight, however, there ensues a disadvantage that the dispersibility of phthalocyanine is impaired.
• the monomer mixture can be polymerized by any of the conventional polymerization methods such as the bulk polymerization method, solution polymerization method, and suspension polymerization method in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator such as a peroxide, a hydroperoxide, or azobisisobutylonitrile at a temperature in the range of 50° to 100°C, preferably 70° to 90°C.
• a radical polymerization initiator such as a peroxide, a hydroperoxide, or azobisisobutylonitrile
• the method of collective addition, split addition, continuous addition, or a suitable combination thereof may be used.
• the number average molecular weight of the copolymer obtained by polymerizing the monomer mixture is in the range of 1,000 to 50,000, preferably 3,000 to 30,000.
• the copolymer which is obtained by polymerizing the monomer mixture and which has a number average molecular weight in the range mentioned above is soluble in an alkaline substance.
• the photosensitive layer which is obtained by applying this copolymer in combination with the aforementioned photoelectroconductive phthlocyanine compound exhibits highly satisfactory alkali-solubility and excels in etching property.
• the electrophotographlc platemaking quality matric plate of the present invention is a product obtained by preparing a coating liquid consisting of the aforementioned photoelectroconductive phthalocyanine compound and the aforementioned copolymer as a binder regin and applying the coating liquid to an electroconductive substrate thereby forming a photosensitive layer thereon.
• the method for the preparation of the coating liquid is not particularly limited.
• the preparation may be attained by dissolving or dispersing the binder regin (or the photoelectroconductive phthalocyanine compound) in a suitable solvent and then dissolving or dispersing the photoelectroconductive compound (or the binder regin) in the resultant solution or by dissolving or dispersing the binder regin and the photoelectroconductive phthalocyanine compound severally in different solvents and mixing the resultant solutions.
• the solvents which are usable for the solution or dispersion of the binder regin and the photoelectroconductive phthalocyanine compound are organic solvents including aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene, cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, halogen-containing hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane, and dichloroethane, ketones such as acetone and methylethyl ketone, esters such as ethyl acetate, and cellosolves such as methyl cellosolve, for example.
• aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene
• cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane
• halogen-containing hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane, and dichloroethane
• ketones such as acetone and methylethyl ketone
• esters such as e
• the photoelectroconductive phthalocyanine compound in a ratio in the range of 3 to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 30% by weight, based on the amount of the binder regin.
• concentrations of the photoelectroconductive phthalocyanine compound and the binder regin dissolved or dispersed in their solvents are both desired to be generally in the range of 0.5 to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 30% by weight.
• the thickness of the photosensitive layer is in the range of 2 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 3 to 6 ⁇ m. If the wall thickness is larger than the upper limit of the range, there arises a disadvantage that the etching treatment tends to give rise to side edges and consequently tends to scrape off fine lines. If the wall thickness is smaller than the lower limit of the range, there ensues a disadvantage that the photosensitive layer suffers from inferior chargeability.
• the coating liquid prepared for the formation of the photosensitive layer of the type to be used as positively charged may, for the purpose of further improving the electrophotographic properties thereof, incorporate additionally therein as a sensitiger at least one compound selected from among organic compounds of polybasic acids such as, for example, compounds represented by the following general formulas III, IV, and V and succinic anhydride and maleic anhydride.
• X1 to X5 are equally or unequally each for hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, -COOH group, or a -NO2 group
• Y1 and Y4 in are equally or unequally each for hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, -COOH group, or -NO2 group
• Z1 and Z2 are equally or unequally each for hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, -COOH group, or -NO2 group.
• Typical examples of the sensitiger include succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, phthalic acid, tetrafluorophthalic acid, 4-nitrophthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, tetrafluorophthalic anhydride, 4-nitorphthalic anhydride, trimellitic acid, trimellitic anhydride, benzoic acid, pentafluorobenzoic acid, and tetrafluorobenzoic acid.
• succinic anhydride, tetrafluorophthalic anhydride, benzoic acid, pentafluorobenzoic acid, and tetrafluorobenzoic acid prove to be preferable and tetrafluorophthalic anhydride, pentafluorobenzoic acid, and tetrafluorobenzoic acid prove to be particularly preferable.
• the sensitiger is preferable to be used in a ratio in the range of 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably below 2.0% by weight, based on the amount of the photoelectroconductive phthalocyanine compound.
• the coating liquid prepared for the formation of the photosensitive layer which is to be used as charged to negative polarity may, for the purpose of further improving the electrophotographic properties thereof, incorporate additionally therein an electric charge transferring substance such as, for example, an oxazole derivative, an oxadiazole derivative, a pyrazoline derivative, a hydrazone derivative, or a triphenylamine derivative and/or an aminotriazine resin.
• an electric charge transferring substance such as, for example, an oxazole derivative, an oxadiazole derivative, a pyrazoline derivative, a hydrazone derivative, or a triphenylamine derivative and/or an aminotriazine resin.
• a hydrazone derivative represented by the following general formula VI is an electric charge transferring substance.
• R1 and R2 are each an aryl group or an aralkyl group and R3 is hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a benzyl group, an alkoxy group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a phenoxy group, or a benzyloxy group.
• the aminotriazone resins which are usable herein include melamine resin, benzoguanamine resin, acetoguanamine resin, CTU-guanamine resin (proprietary product of Ajinomoto Co., Inc.), and cyclohexyl guanamine, for example. It is particularly preferable to use cyclohexyl carboguanamine resin among other aminotriazine resins mentioned above.
• the aminotriazine resin is an aminotriazine resin composition, namely the oxymethylated or alkyloxymethylated product of aminotriazine, obtained by the reaction of aminotriazine with formaldehyde optionally further with an alcohol such as butanol. It is used either in the unmodified form thereof or in a form suitably condensed by dehydration. It is preferable to use the aforementioned electric charge transferring substance and/or aminotriazine resin in a ratio not exceeding 60% by weight, preferably falling in the range of 0.1 to 20% by weight.
• the electroconductive substrate to be used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
• the electroconductive substrates which are usable effectively herein include monometallic plates such as aluminum plate and zinc plate, bimetal plates such as copper-aluminum plate, copper-stainless steel plate, and chromium-copper plate, and trimetallic plates such as chromium-copper-­aluminum plate, chromium-copper iron plate, and chromium-­copper-aluminum plate invariably possessing a hydrophilic surface and finding popular use.
• the thickness of the electroconductive substrate is desired to be approximately in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 mm.
• a surface treatment such as abrasion with sand, immersion in an aqueous solution of sodium silicate or potassium fluorozirconate, or anodix oxidation.
• the treatment of anodix oxidation can be carried out by placing an aluminum plate in an electrolytic solution formed of the solution of an inorganic acid such as phosphoric acid, chromic acid, sulfuric acid, or boric acid, an organic acid such as oxalic acid or sulfamic acid, or any of the salts of such acids, and flowing an electric current through the aqueous solution with the aluminum plate as an anode.
• an intermediate layer comprising a resin having a composition within the range of the present invention having higher acid value than the binder regin in the sensitive layer between the electroconductive substrate and electrophotosensitive layer in order to enhance the printing quality in the present invention.
• the electrophotographic plate-making quality matric plate of the present invention is not discriminated on account of the method to be employed for the production thereof.
• This production can be accomplished by any of the methods heretofore known to the art.
• a toner image is obtained on a photosensitive layer by first uniformly charging the photosensitive layer in a dark place with a corona charging device, subjecting the charged photosensitive layer to the reflection image exposure using such a light source as a tungsten lamp, a halogen lamp, a xenon lamp, or a fluoroescent lamp, the tight-contact image exposure through a transparent positive film, or the scanning exposure with a laser beam such as a He-Ne laser, an argon laser, or a semiconductor laser thereby forming an electrostatic latent image therein, developing this latent image with a toner, and thermally fixing the developed toner image.
• a laser beam such as a He-Ne laser, an argon laser, or a semiconductor laser
• the toner must be hydrophobic and capable of receiving ink, adhesive to the matric plate so much as to withstand the impact of printing, and resistant to the action of an alkaline aqueous etching liquid to be used during the course of etching.
• the electrophotographic developer since a liquid developer excels a powdery developer in resolving power, it is more preferable to use the former developer than the latter developer.
• the resin which the toner is preferable to contain is styrene resin, acrylic resin, styrene-acrylic resin, styrene-methacrylic resin, polyester resin, or epoxy resin, for example.
• the dispersant for the toner is an organic solvent possessing a low dielectric constant and a high insulating capacity.
• An isoparaffin type hydrocarbon for example, is used preferable.
• the toner may incorporate therein a pigment or dye for the purpose of coloration or an electric charge regulating agent for the purpose of imparting positive charge or negative charge in an amount incapable of exerting any adverse effect upon the stability and the fixing property of the toner and yet fit for the purpose for which the toner is used.
• the photosensitive layer in the non-image part not masked with the toner image is dissolved and removed to expose the hydrophilic surface of the electroconductive substrate and the image part of the toner image is allowed to remain on the surface of the substrate to give rise to a lithographic printing plate aimed at.
• the alkaline dissolving liquids which are effectively usable for the solution and removal of the photosensitive layer in the non-image part include alkaline aqueous solution and removal of the photosensitive layer in the non-image part include alkaline aqueous solutions of inorganic salts such as sodium silicate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate, alkaline aqueous solutions of organic amines such as triethanol amine and ethylene diamine, and solutions incorporating therein organic solvents such as ethanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol or surfactants, for example.
• An alkaline aqueous etching liquid of the following composition, for example, can be used advantageously.
• the electrophotographic plate-making quality matric plate may be otherwise used as a laser printer (OPC) quality electrophotographic sensitive material.
• OPC laser printer
• the developed toner is transferred onto a sheet of paper and fixed thereon.
• the cake thus obtained was purified by washing first with methanol and then with hot water, to obtain 34.5 g of 3,6-­difluoro-4,5-bisphenylthiophthalonitrile (yield: 92.5 mol% based on 3,4,5,6-tetrafluoronitrile).
• the green solid consequently formed in the reaction mixture was separated by filtration, washed in a Soxhlet extractor with methanol, benzene, and acetone sequentially in the roder mentioned, to obtain F8(PhS)8ZnPc in a yield of 79.4 mol % based on 3,6-difluoro-4,5-­bisphenylthiophthalonitrile.
• the copolymer can be produced as follows, for example.
• a separable flask provided with a stirrer, a thermometer, a condenser, a nitrogen inlet tube, a monomer mixture dropping funnel, and a polymerization initiator dropping funnel
• 40 parts of isopropanol is placed as a solvent and then nitrogen is introduced through the nitrogen inlet tube to displace the air entrapped in the flask with the nitrogen.
• 60 parts of a monomer mixture is placed in the monomer mixture dropping funnel and 0.1 part of azobisisobutyronitrile is placed in the polymerization initiator dropping funnel.
• the monomer mixture and the polymerization initiator are dropped into the flask over a period of two hours.
• the mixture in the flask is heated at 80°C for two hours and then at 85° to 95°C for two hours and then cooled.
• the monolayer type electrophotographic sensitive material obtained as an electrophotographic plate-making quality matric plate as described above was positively charged at +6.0 kV with an electrostatic paper analyzer (produced by Kawaguchi Denki K.K. and marketed under product code of "SP-428").
• the photosensitive material was then retained in a dark place for 5 seconds, exposed to white light (from a tungsten lamp) with an illuminance of 5 luxes for 5 seconds to test for charging properties [surface potential (V0), potential (V5) after 5 seconds retention in the dark place, and amount of exposure required for the potential existing before the exposure to attenuate to 1/2 by exposure (E 1/2 ) (Lux.sec)]. It was then exposed to a monochromatic light of 780 nm separated by dispersion with a spectral filter to 0.5 ⁇ w/cm2 to determine half-value exposure energy sensitivity ( ⁇ J/cm2).
• the monolayer type electrophotographic sensitive material was immersed in an aqueous 0.5% sodium hydroxide solution and then washed with water to remove the photosensitive layer.
• the alkali dissolving property was evaluated in terms of the speed of removal of the photosensitive layer.
• the toner image thus formed was washed out with an alkaline aqueous etching solution and washed with water to produce a lithographic printing plate.
• the printing plate thus produced was set in place in an offset printing device and used to produce prints by the conventional process.
• the initially produced prints and the prints produced after 100,000th print were evaluated for degree of scumming and clarity of print.
• Electrophotographic plate-making quality matric plates were produced by following the procedure of Example 1, except that varying photoelectroconductive phthalocyanine compounds indicated in Table 1, copolymers obtained from various monomer mixtures (P-1) to (P-8), and sensitigers were used in the place of F8(o-MePhS)8ZnPc and the copolymer of the monomer mixture (P-1). They were evaluated for electrophotographic properties, alkali-dissolving property, and printing quality. The results are shown in Table 2.
• the electrophotographic sensitive materials produced as described above were left standing in a room illuminated with a fluorescent lamp for 2 months and then tested for electrophotographic properties and printing quality. The properties showed virtually no difference before and after the two months' standing.
• Electrophotographic plate-making quality matric plates were produced by following the procedure of Example 1, except that various photoelectroconductive phthalocyanine compounds indicated in Fig. 1, the copolymers obtained from the monomer mixtures of (P-1) and (P-8) and the monomer mixtures, (S-1) to (S-5), shown below produced in the same manner as in Production Example 2, and sensitigers. They were similarly evaluated for electrophotographic properties, alkali-dissolving property, and printing quality. The results are shown in Table 2
• B Capable of producing 100,000 clear prints free from smeared background and not from worn lines.
• C Productive of prints suffering from smeared background or inferior clarity.
• D Peeling of plate surface observed after production of 100,000 prints.
• E No toner image obtained and no printing attained.
• Electrophotographic plate-making quality matric plates were produced by following the procedure of Example 1, except that the various photoelectroconductive phthalocyanine compounds indicated in Table 3 and the copolymers obtained from the monomer mixtures of (P-1) to (P-8) were used in the place of the F8(o-MePhS)8ZnPc and the copolymer of the monomer mixture of (P-1).
• the monolayer type electrophotographic sensitive materials obtained as the electrophotographic plate-making quality matric plates as described above were negatively charged at -6.0 kV with an elecrtrostatic paper analyzer. They were evaluated for electrophotographic properties, alkali-dissolving property, and printing quality in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 4.

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