EP0402815B1 - Platform with railings - Google Patents

Abstract

The grandstand has railing bar elements (111.1, 111.2) which are held on railing supports (110.1, 110.2). For this purpose, the vertical end bars (114.1, 114.2) of the railing bar elements (111.1, 111.2) have railing retaining hooks (115) and connecting heads (80) with wedges (76). The railing retaining hooks (115) are suspended in suspension pockets (123) of railing supports (110.1, 110.2). The connecting heads (80) are placed on apertured tabs (125), protruding laterally from the railing supports (110.1, 110.2), and are secured by wedges (76). Some of the railing supports (110.1, 110.2) have two connecting heads (80), by means of which they are fastened to apertured discs of the supporting structure of the grandstand. They can also have a protruding arm (130) with a downwardly projecting suspension pin (131), by means of which they are suspended in an opening, accessible from above, of the supporting structure. The second fastening then takes place by a connecting head (80) to an apertured disc. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a
Grandstand with supporting structure, in which the following features are provided: vertical stems and cheek parts; perforated disks lying horizontally at a vertical grid spacing for the attachment of connection heads with wedge fastening; walking floors supported on the supporting structure; railing parts supported on the supporting structure on at least one side of the grandstand; for supporting railing elements, separate railing support means arranged next to the stems.

Tribunes with supporting structures, with running floors and railings are known in many designs. The railing parts are usually connected to the supporting structure and to each other with individually provided brackets and screws. This causes considerable effort with manual work during assembly and disassembly. Above all, it is very difficult to determine whether the railings are adequately fastened when monitoring the construction and during the acceptance test to determine whether the grandstand meets the safety and security requirements.

In scaffolding technology, it is customary to choose plug-in connections which are hooked in and inserted into one another and secured in a suitable manner with wedges or the like. Plug-in and wedge-fastening techniques of this type have hitherto not been used with railings in grandstands, or at least have not been used consistently.

The documents dealt with below were determined to determine the technological background of the invention.

From DE-U-87 07 755 an ascent device for scaffolding with at least one staircase is known, in which the scaffold is constructed with scaffolding posts that have perforated disks at a grid spacing, via which the connection heads of other scaffolding elements and to which these are fixed with the help of wedges. The ascent device is designed for tall spaces and not for grandstands, because large grandstands have integrated stairs for a large number of people, while these stairs are designed for ascending fewer people on a small footprint. The railings of the stairs and other railings are usually equipped with end hooks, which are inserted into the railing hanging boxes and clamped in there with the wedge's own railing hanging boxes. Other horizontal bars are attached with connection heads and these, as well as the wedges penetrating through the holes in the perforated disks, and placed in such a way that they can also act as railings. However, the railings used here are not suitable for grandstand systems. Vertical bars for carrying horizontal bars with a railing function are either the styles of the scaffolding itself or completely the same style bars that do not reach all the way to the floor, which are supported at an angle due to an overhang, but do not have the type and design as railing beams in the sense of the invention.

From DE-U-80 11 262 a prefabricated protective railing for the construction industry is known, in which support columns support the horizontal railing boards in the usual way. Anchoring irons are provided for fastening the support columns to a brick wall, which reach through the wall and projecting ends with openings on both sides have in which wedges are inserted, which in turn are supported on a support on the inside of the wall. This railing attachment is also unsuitable for the quick assembly of stands and is not designed to be transferable with its attachment mechanism.

DE-A-35 11 985 discloses a dismountable step platform, in particular a staircase for height-adjustable stage platforms, in which railing posts are provided with laterally projecting hook tabs which engage in a plurality of hooks which are open at the top and fastened to the stair support structure. With these there is a risk of lifting upwards unless special security measures are provided. The solution is therefore hardly suitable for grandstands used by a large number of people and also requires special fastening elements that do not correspond to the uniform fastening system of a large supporting structure, for example with perforated disk connection heads and wedges.

From DE-U-77 14 056 a device for connecting a spar to a hollow profile is known, in which the oblique stair spars have projecting tabs on the end face, which are inserted through openings in the vertical hollow profile post. They have transverse pins. Slotted wedges are hammered over the tabs and between the pins and the inner walls of the spars. Those for one-time railing attachment sensible connections are unsuitable for grandstands because of the difficulties in dismantling. They are also not comparable with the connection heads for perforated disks and wedges that can be struck from below.

From DE-A-14 09 400 a grandstand or a similar spatial structure is known, in which, among other things, railing posts are shown. These have tabs and brackets protruding horizontally outwards, which are inserted and hung on pins and over bent sheet metal edges of support elements that are open at the top. At most, it can be secured with the bench seats. There are special holding elements designed for the railing posts, which do not correspond to a uniform, quick-to-assemble and disassemble fastening system, such as a perforated disk with a connecting head for plugging in and for striking through and striking back healing.

From DE-A-35 19 718 a grandstand is known, in the description of which the railing shown and its attachment is not particularly important because the document deals with other new features. However, in FIG. 1 it shows, in addition to the stems with perforated disks, railing support means resting at the top level, which are fastened to the rear stems or pipe pieces with spacer flanges that can be plugged on in a manner that is not clearly recognizable. In addition, many features of stands are dealt with, which also belong to the representation of stands on which railing supports according to the invention are to be provided.

The invention has for its object to make railing support and connection systems available for grandstands, in particular for grandstand systems, which can be quickly and easily assembled and disassembled, in which one can easily recognize misalignments or incompleteness in the attachment and which also enable great stability of the railings and their railing supports with the least possible effort.

• die Geländertragmittel sind als Geländerträger ausgebildet und
• haben die Form von vertikalen Pfosten, vorzugsweise mit Rechteckrohr-Querschnitt;
• die Geländerträger haben für die Befestigung an der Tragkonstruktion im geringsten Abstand von zwei Lochscheiben liegende, nach derselben Seite nach innen weisende Anschlußköpfe mit Keilen oder
• die Geländerträger haben für die Befestigung an der Tragkonstruktion im Bereich ihres unteren Endes jeweils einen zur Lage einer Lochscheibe an der Tragkonstruktion passend liegenden, nach innen weisenden Anschlußkopf mit Keil und darüber in einer zu dem oberen Ende des zugehörigen, vertikal verlaufenden Rohrstückes eines Wangenteiles passenden Lage einen nach innen ragenden Arm mit einem von oben in das Ende des Rohrstückes passenden Einhängezapfen;
• für die Einhängung der Geländer-Gitterelemente ist an den Geländerträgern jeweils im Bereich ihrer oberen Enden wenigstens eine in der Geländerebene liegende, nach oben offene Einhängetasche vorgesehen, in welche an den seitlichen Endbereichen der Geländer-Gitterelemente passend liegende, nach unten ragende Geländer-Haltehaken einhängbar sind, und
• darunter ist im Bereich des Geländers jeweils wenigstens eine den Lochdimensionen der Lochscheiben entsprechende, seitlich horizontal herrausragende Lochlasche vorgesehen, auf die ein am Geländer-Gitterelement angeordneter, zu den Lochlaschen passender Anschlußkopf steckbar und mit Keil befestigbar ist.

According to the invention are also
the following features are provided:

• the railing support means are designed as railing supports and
• have the shape of vertical posts, preferably with a rectangular tube cross-section;
• The railing girders have connection heads with wedges or for the attachment to the supporting structure at the smallest distance from two perforated disks, facing inwards on the same side
• the railing girders have for the attachment to the support structure in the area of their lower end a fitting to the position of a perforated disc on the support structure, facing inward connection head with wedge and above in a position matching the upper end of the associated, vertically extending pipe section of a cheek piece an arm projecting inwards with a hanging pin fitting into the end of the tube piece from above;
• For the attachment of the railing grid elements, at least one hanging pocket, which is open at the top and is located in the railing level, is provided on the railing supports in the area of their upper ends, into which fitting, downwardly projecting railing holding hooks can be hung on the lateral end regions of the railing grid elements are and
• underneath there is in the area of the railing at least one hole tab corresponding to the hole dimensions of the perforated disks, laterally protruding horizontally, onto which a connection head arranged on the railing grid element and matching the hole tabs can be plugged and fastened with a wedge.

According to the invention, for easy and safe assembly and disassembly of stands with railings, for fastening the railing support means to the supporting structure, other types of fastening aids are not used in the basic fastening concept, but rather those of which parts already exist or fit into the basic concept, especially perforated disks and horizontally attachable connection heads with medical protection; especially since the stands are those that use scaffolding systems that are well known in scaffolding technology and are widely used by many lenders and for the connection of Supporting structure parts on the stems have perforated disks and horizontally pluggable connection heads, which are connected and secured with wedges inserted through slots in the connection heads and holes in the perforated disks. These connecting means are therefore also provided for fastening the railing grid elements with railing supports where they are at least useful and / or necessary. These connection heads can be easily plugged on and the corresponding elements are secured when the wedge is pushed through, even if it is not properly hammered in, so that it is not possible to unhook it and displacements do not affect the cohesion of the entire system. During the inspection, you can quickly determine by sight and touch on the wedge whether the connection is hooked in at all and whether it can also meet the intended fastening conditions due to the fixed position of the wedge. The assembly and control of the railing has been simplified and the use has been made much safer. This is of particular importance in view of the large number of visitors at many events, especially sporting events. With this type of fastening, depending on the circumstances, you can either fasten each railing bracket with two wedge heads and perforated disks or associated perforated brackets or, if the circumstances permit, you can fasten the second fastening for each element by hanging it in an upwardly open recess and secure the connection through the connecting head, which cannot be moved in height, on the perforated disk. They considerably simplify assembly by hanging them in and are particularly easy to handle by swiveling them around the hook. The elements of the hook-in connection can also be produced somewhat more cheaply than the connection heads with healing. In this way, not only savings in assembly, but also in production can be achieved. A further advantageous railing design according to the invention provides, according to claim 2, that the railing grid elements are formed by frames with vertical bars, the lower bars of the horizontal position of the running floors lying parallel and possibly stepped, while the upper frame bars or handrail Spars are horizontal in longer horizontal ranges, and straight in slopes up the slope.

Fig. 1

Die Schrägansicht einer Tribüne mit Geländer;

Fig. 2

die Schrägansicht auf eine obere Innenecke einer Iribüne im Bereich der obersten Ränge mit den zugehörigen Geländern und ihren Geländerträgern;

Fig. 3

die teilweise schematisierte Seitenansicht auf drei Geländerträger mit dazwischen liegenden Geländer-Gitterelementen, wobei die Positionierung darstellt, wie die Teile miteinander zu verbinden sind;

Fig. 4

eine schematisierte Queransicht eines Geländerträgers in der Zuordnungsposition zu dem Tribünenteil im Bereich einer Wange;

Fig. 5

einen Horizontalschnitt durch den Geländerträger mit Lochlaschen durch den Geländerträger nach Fig. 4 längs der Linie 5-5;

Fig. 6

einen Horizontalschnitt durch den Geländerträger längs der Linie 6-6 in Fig. 4 durch zwei Einhängetaschen;

Fig. 7

eine der Fig. 4 entsprechende Darstellung eines anderen Geländerträgers in einer unter 45° versetzen Darstellung zu der Wange, in die sein Zapfen eingehängt und unter der sein Anschlußkopf befestigt wird.

An exemplary embodiment of a railing construction with different fastening variants is explained below using the drawings:
Show it:

Fig. 1

The oblique view of a grandstand with railings;

Fig. 2

the oblique view of an upper inner corner of an Iribüne in the area of the top ranks with the associated railings and their railing girders;

Fig. 3

the partially schematic side view of three railing girders with railing grating elements in between, the positioning representing how the parts are to be connected to one another;

Fig. 4

a schematic transverse view of a railing beam in the assigned position to the stand part in the region of a cheek;

Fig. 5

a horizontal section through the railing bracket with perforated tabs through the railing bracket of Figure 4 along the line 5-5.

Fig. 6

a horizontal section through the railing bracket along the line 6-6 in Figure 4 by two hanging pockets.

Fig. 7

one of FIG. 4 corresponding representation of another railing support in a representation offset at 45 ° to the cheek in which its pin is hung and under which its connection head is fastened.

The grandstand 50 has a supporting structure 51 on which the running floors 52 of the individual ranks 53.1 to 53.n are supported. The side edge 54 is provided with a side railing 55 and the top tier 53.n is provided with a rear railing 58 at its rear edge 57.
The support structure 51 is with foot pieces 60, grandstand head pieces 61, start cheeks 62 for the lowest rank 53.1, cheek pieces 63 for second to fourth rank, cheek pieces 64 for higher ranks with a low or medium gradient, cheek pieces 65 for higher ranks with a larger slope and cheek parts 66 built for two ranks with low, medium or large gradients. These cheek parts are supported on stems 67, which are formed from scaffolding material from conventional scaffolding. These stems 67 have perforated disks 70 spaced apart from one another HR1. The grandstand start pieces 61 and the stems 67 are each fitted onto the foot pieces 60 in a known manner and are supported with their lower ends on the nuts 71 of the foot pieces 60. These can be used for height compensation. The stems 67 can be put together from several parts at greater heights. Horizontal bars 73, diagonal bars 74 and stiffening frames 75 are provided for stiffening the stems 67 with one another. These each have at their connection ends the connection heads 80 known from general scaffolding technology, which have horizontal slots by means of which they are inserted over the perforated disks 70. Wedge slots 76 which can be inserted through wedge slots in the connection heads 80 serve for the respective fixed connection in a known manner.

The stiffening frames 75 are each equipped with at least two diagonal bars 77.1 and 77.2 or further diagonal bars labeled with corresponding decimal digits. They have horizontal bars 78.1 and 78.2 as well as laterally lying vertical bars 79.1 and 79.2 and a connection head 80 in each corner. This stiffening frame 75, which is arranged approximately like a checkerboard pattern, but spatially distributed accordingly, can also be used to secure a large grandstand 50 with certainty perpendicularly and perpendicularly can be set up cheaply and quickly. Where no stiffening frames 75 seem sensible, simple diagonal bars 74 are arranged. The arrangement of these stiffening frames 75 and diagonal bars 74 results schematically from the illustration in FIG. 1, parts of the spatial structure being shown under the top three ranks in the broken area, while the spatial elements are omitted for the sake of clarity and only the stiffening frames 75 or horizontal bars 73 and diagonal bars 74 belonging to the delimitation planes of the schematic drawing are shown.

Because of the large vertical forces occurring in the stems 67, large horizontal forces on the foot pieces 60 must also be expected for safety reasons. For this reason, they are designed in a special way with securing devices in the form of vertical plates with pins and each have two oblique struts 85 which engage at right angles to one another and are adjustable in length.

The side railings 55 and the back railings 58 are formed with railing grid elements 111 and 112 and railing supports 110. The railing girders 110.1 are fastened with connection heads 80 to perforated disks 70 of the supporting structure 51. The railing grid elements 111 and 112 are fastened with railing holding hooks 115 and connection heads 80 to corresponding suspension pockets 123 or perforated plates 125 of the railing carrier 110. The lower frame boundaries, namely the lower spar parts 116 of the side railings 55 or railing grid elements 111 and the lower rails 117 of the back railings 58 or the associated railing grid elements 112 each follow the horizontal regions of the running floors 52 on the different ranks 53.1 to 53.n. while the upper handrail spars 118 of the railing lattice elements 111.2 and 112 run horizontally in larger horizontal areas, but in the slope areas - as can be seen clearly from FIGS. 1 and 2 - run in a straight line corresponding to the slope.

2 shows the running floors 52 of the top four ranks in the cutout and railing support 110, namely two railing supports 110.2, which are fastened in a manner not shown here with connecting heads in their lower regions to the perforated disks 70 of the vertical stems 67 or the cheek elements 4, and a railing bracket 110.3 for fastening the back railing behind the top tier. The lateral, vertical end rods 114.1 and 114.2 of the lateral railing grid elements 111.1 and 111.2 have the railing supports in the region of the upper ends 110 lying in the railing plane, projecting towards the railing support 110, downwardly extending railing holding hooks 115 and at a distance from it downwardly displaced connection heads 80, which are each a short distance above the running floors 52 and with their slot in the direction of the Show railing girder 110. The railing supports 110 have, for the railing holding hooks 115 in the region of their upper end 121, in each case opposite hanging pockets 123, the details of which are shown in FIG. 6. The railing holding hooks 115 are hooked into these from above. Matching the position of the connection heads 80, perforated tabs 125 are provided in the railing plane and project laterally from the railing supports 110, the details of which can be found in FIG. 5. After the hooking of the railing retaining hooks 115 and lowering of the railing grid elements 111 and 112, the connection heads 80 are plugged onto these and secured by means of the push-through wedges 76. The connections to all three railing girders 110 shown are of completely identical design. Two rear railing brackets 110.2 and 110.3 are used as rear corner bars close to each other, but in planes with a rotation of 90 ° to one another, with the corresponding suspension devices. This eliminates the need for special corner railing girders and nevertheless provides a sufficiently rigid support for the side railings 55 and the back railings 58 in the rear corner, which is also suitable for leaning against a large number of visitors.

The back railings 58 are formed by railing grid elements 112 with horizontal upper handrail rails 118 and lower rails 117 and have the same railing holding hooks 115 and connection heads 80 with wedges 76 in the corresponding, but identical on both sides, on their vertical, lateral end rods 114.3 Height position as the other railing grid elements 111. The back railing 58 can be fastened with the same railing supports 110 as the upper side railing grid elements 111; only the perforated tabs 125 are on both sides of the railing supports 110.3 at the same height.

The railing girders 110 and 110.1 to 110.3 are - as can be seen from FIGS. 5 and 6 - each formed by a rectangular tube 126 forming the actual post, which has an elongated cross section oriented transversely to the railing plane in order to absorb the large bending forces when leaning.

To attach the perforated tabs 125 and the hanging pockets 123, square profile pieces 127 are welded to the posts at the height and length shown in FIGS. 4 and 7. The lower square tube sections bear on both sides - as can be seen from FIG. 3 - in the case of individual railing supports 110.1 and 110.2 vertically offset perforated plates 125. The square tube pieces 127.2 which extend inwards in the region of the upper ends 121 of the railing supports 110 carry into the Railing level laterally protruding U-shaped sheet metal strips welded with their ends, which form the upwardly open hanging pockets 123, into which the railing holding hooks 115 can be hung from above, while the connecting heads 80 can be plugged onto the perforated plates 125 after lifting the wedges 76 .

As illustrated in FIG. 4, the railing supports 110 are attached from the side to two perforated disks 70 with two connection heads 80 spaced apart by HR1. One perforated disk 70 is fastened to a pipe section 40.2 of a cheek part just below the running floor 52, while the other perforated disk 70 belongs to a stem 67. This has a further perforated disk 70 at a further distance HR1. A connection head 80 of a stiffening frame 75 is also plugged onto the lower perforated disk 70, as shown in FIG. 4 to illustrate the relative position of the various components.

In the embodiment of the railing support 110.1 according to FIG. 7, only a lower connection head 80 is provided, while an inwardly projecting arm 130 is welded directly below the perforated plate 125 with a hanging pin 131 projecting downwards. The pin 131 is inserted into the upper opening 132 of a pipe section 40.1 of a cheek piece 63, specifically into the pipe section lying at the front, because at the low height of the grandstand there is not sufficient space for two at this point Perforated disks are present, on the other hand, however, the cheek parts have vertical pipe sections at corresponding intervals in the grid, which are open on top.

In summary, the invention can also be described as follows:
The grandstand has railing grid elements (111.1, 111.2) which are held on railing girders (110.1, 110.2). For this purpose, the vertical end bars (114.1, 114.2) of the railing grid elements (111.1, 111.2) have railing holding hooks (115) and connection heads (80) with wedges (76). The railing retaining hooks (115) are hung in hanging pockets (123) from railing supports (110.1, 110.2). The connection heads (80) are attached to perforated tabs (125) which protrude laterally from the railing girders (110.1, 110.2) and secured with wedges (76).

The railing girders (110.1, 110.2) partly have two connection heads (80), by means of which they are attached to perforated disks of the supporting structure of the grandstand. They can also have a protruding arm (130) with a hanging pin (131) projecting downwards, by means of which they are suspended in an opening of the supporting structure which is accessible from above. The second attachment then takes place with a connection head (80) on a perforated disk. Reference symbol list: 50 Grandstand 110 Railing girder 51 Supporting structure 110.1 " 52 Tread 110.2 " 53 rank 110.3 " 53.1 to 53.n Ranks 111 Railing grid element 111.1 " 111.2 " 54 side edge 111.n " 55 Side railings 112 Railing grid element 57 rear edge 114.1 vertical end bar 58 Back railing 114.2 vertical end bar 60 Foot piece 114.3 vertical end bar 61 Grandstand opening piece 115 Railing holding hook 62 Beginning cheek 116 Lower spar part 63 Cheek part 117 Lower beam 64 " 118 Handrail spar 65 " 120 Connection head 66 " 121 upper end of 110 67 stalk 123 Hanging bag 70 Perforated disc 125 Perforated tab 71 mother 126 Rectangular tube 73 Horizontal bar 127 Square profile piece 74 Diagonal bar 127.2 Square tube piece 75 Stiffening frame 130 poor 76 wedge 131 Hinge pin 77.1 Diagonal bar 132 Opening from 40.1 77.2 " 78.1 Horizontal bar 40.1 Pipe piece 78.2 " 40.2 " 79.1 Vertical rod 79.2 " 80 Connection head 85 Oblique strut 110 Railing girder HR1 distance

Claims (2)

1. Stand (50) comprising a support structure (51), providing the following features:

   - vertical poles (67) and bridge board sections;

   - thereto adjacent perforated dics (70), positioned horizontally at a vertical raster distance (HR1), for pushing on wedge-mounted connecting heads (80);

   - floors (52) supported against the support structure (51);

   - railing sections, which are supported against the support structure (51), on at least one side of the stand;

   - railing support means for the support of the railing elements, arranged separately and along the poles (67),

   characterised by the following features:

   - the railing support means are designed as railing supports (110, 110.1 to 110.3) and

   - are in the form of vertical posts, preferably of rectagular tube cross-section;

   - the railing supports (110.2, 110.3) have connecting heads (80) with wedges (76) for attachment to the support structure (51), which are located at the shortest distance (HR1) from two perforated discs (70) and inwardly oriented to the same side, or

   - the railing supports (110.1) have, for the purpose of attachment to the support structure (51), in the area of their bottom end a respective inwardly oriented connecting head (80 with wedge (76), which is suitably placed on the support structure (51) relative to the position of a perforated disc (70), and thereabove suitably placed relative to the upper end of the correlating vertically oriented pipe section (40.1) of a bridge board section an inwardly projecting arm (130) comprising a suspension pin (131) which fits from the top into the end of the tubular element (40.1);

   - for suspension of the railing bars (111, 111.1 to 111.n), at least one upwardly open suspension socket (123), which is positioned in the railing plane is provided on the railing supports (110, 110.1 to 110.3) in the respective region of their top ends (121), into which downwardly oriented railing suspension hooks (115) can be suspended which are suitably positioned on the lateral end regions (end rods 114.1 to 114.3) of the railing bars (111, 111.1 to 111.n), and

   - therebelow and in the area of the railing (110) is mounted at least one laterally horizontally protruding perforated tongue (125) which corresponds with the hole dimensions of the perforated discs (70) and onto which is pushed a connecting head (80) which is arranged on the railing bar element (111, 111.1 to 111.n) and secured by a wedge (76) and which fits to the perforated tongue (125).
2. Stand according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the railing bar elements (111, 111.1 to 111.n) are formed by frames with vertical rods, and that the lower bars follow in the horizontal positioning of the floors (52) in parallel or, if appropriate, in steps, whilst the top frame bars or handrail bars (118) respectively in longer horizontally extending ranges extend horizontally, in climbing areas following the incline in a straight slanted line.

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