EP0402549B1 - Travelling-wave tube with a helical delay line made of boron nitride and attached to the vacuum tube - Google Patents
Travelling-wave tube with a helical delay line made of boron nitride and attached to the vacuum tube Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0402549B1 EP0402549B1 EP89401635A EP89401635A EP0402549B1 EP 0402549 B1 EP0402549 B1 EP 0402549B1 EP 89401635 A EP89401635 A EP 89401635A EP 89401635 A EP89401635 A EP 89401635A EP 0402549 B1 EP0402549 B1 EP 0402549B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- boron nitride
- delay line
- supports
- travelling
- tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 17
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 7
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008125 glucin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
- H01J23/26—Helical slow-wave structures; Adjustment therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a traveling wave tube comprising a helical type delay line fixed to a sheath by means of dielectric supports made of boron nitride.
- the invention relates to the field of traveling wave tubes or TOP having a delay line of the helical type, that is to say for example a simple helical delay line, of the "ring and bar” type, of the type “ring and loop” ...
- the delay line will in the following be assimilated to a simple propeller.
- the helical delay line is placed in a cylindrical sheath, generally metallic, to which it is fixed by means of dielectric supports.
- the propeller and the supports are assembled by clamping in the sleeve or sleeve.
- the propeller is made of tungsten for example and the supports of quarz, alumina, glucine or boron nitride for example.
- the sleeve can for example be made of copper or stainless steel.
- the propeller is brazed to the dielectric supports which are brazed to the sleeve.
- the propeller can then be made of copper, as can the sleeve, and the dielectric supports can be made of beryllium oxide for example.
- Three dielectric supports are generally used which are regularly distributed at 120 ° from one another.
- the present invention proposes to solve the problems which arise when using dielectric supports made of boron nitride.
- Boron nitride is used because its thermal conductivity is good and its dielectric constant low, of the order of 3 for anisotropic boron nitride; this low dielectric constant means that the energy does not concentrate in the dielectric supports and improves the coupling impedance.
- the Applicant has first deposited on the dielectric supports a slightly conductive material, such as graphite. This deposition of graphite instead of solving these problems accentuated them.
- the present invention makes it possible to solve the problems associated with the use of dielectric supports made of boron nitride.
- the present invention relates to a traveling wave tube comprising a helical type delay line, fixed to a sheath by means of dielectric supports made of boron nitride, and characterized in that the supports carry a layer of insulating material having a secondary emission factor greater than 1, such as for example alumina or glucin.
- the problems associated with the use of dielectric supports made of boron nitride are resolved when these supports are coated with a layer of insulating material having a secondary emission coefficient greater than 1, because the problems observed are due the fact that boron nitride has a secondary emission factor of less than 1, under the conditions in which it is used.
- This secondary emission factor less than 1 means that the dielectric supports acquire a high negative potential over time.
- the electron beam is defocused, a large fraction of the cathode current is intercepted. There is therefore observed a propeller current which is not constant and which can become very large.
- FIG. 1 represents a view in longitudinal section of a traveling wave tube comprising a delay line of the helical type.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view which shows three dielectric supports 8, arranged at 120 ° from one another, and which secure the delay line of the helix type 2 to the cylindrical sheath 3.
- rods can have various sections: rectangular, square .... or as in Figure 2 of substantially trapezoidal shape.
- the dielectric supports 3 are coated with a layer of insulating material 9 having a secondary emission coefficient greater than 1, such as for example alumina or glucin.
Landscapes
- Microwave Tubes (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un tube à onde progressive comportant une ligne à retard du type en hélice fixée à un fourreau par l'intermédiaire de supports diélectriques en nitrure de bore.The present invention relates to a traveling wave tube comprising a helical type delay line fixed to a sheath by means of dielectric supports made of boron nitride.
L'invention concerne le domaine des tubes a onde progressive ou TOP ayant une ligne à retard du type en hélice, c'est-a-dire par exemple une ligne à retard en hélice simple, du type "ring and bar", du type "ring and loop"...The invention relates to the field of traveling wave tubes or TOP having a delay line of the helical type, that is to say for example a simple helical delay line, of the "ring and bar" type, of the type "ring and loop" ...
Toutefois, pour simplier l'exposé, la ligne à retard sera dans toute la suite assimilée à une hélice simple.However, to simplify the presentation, the delay line will in the following be assimilated to a simple propeller.
Se référant à la demande antérieure allemande DE-A1-40 14377 déposée le 4 mai 1990 sous priorité américaine du 4 mai 1989, le demandeur a procédé de sa propre initiative à une limitation et présenté des revendications séparées pour l'Allemagne.Referring to the previous German application DE-A1-40 14377 filed on May 4, 1990 under American priority of May 4, 1989, the applicant proceeded on its own initiative to a limitation and presented separate claims for Germany.
La ligne à retard en hélice est placée dans un fourreau cylindrique, généralement métallique, auquel elle est fixée par l'intermédiaire de supports diélectriques.The helical delay line is placed in a cylindrical sheath, generally metallic, to which it is fixed by means of dielectric supports.
Pour les tubes à onde progressive fonctionnant à des niveaux de puissance relativement peu élevés, l'hélice et les supports sont assemblés par serrage dans le fourreau ou manchon. L'hélice est en tungstène par exemple et les supports en quarz, alumine, glucine ou nitrure de bore par exemple. Le manchon peut être par exemple en cuivre ou en acier inoxydable.For traveling wave tubes operating at relatively low power levels, the propeller and the supports are assembled by clamping in the sleeve or sleeve. The propeller is made of tungsten for example and the supports of quarz, alumina, glucine or boron nitride for example. The sleeve can for example be made of copper or stainless steel.
Pour les tubes à onde progressive fonctionnant à des puissances plus élevées, l'hélice est brasée aux supports diélectriques qui sont brasés au manchon. L'hélice peut alors être en cuivre, ainsi que le manchon, et les supports diélectriques peuvent être en oxyde de béryllium par exemple.For traveling wave tubes operating at higher powers, the propeller is brazed to the dielectric supports which are brazed to the sleeve. The propeller can then be made of copper, as can the sleeve, and the dielectric supports can be made of beryllium oxide for example.
On utilise généralement trois supports diélectriques qui sont régulièrement répartis à 120° l'un de l'autre.Three dielectric supports are generally used which are regularly distributed at 120 ° from one another.
La présente invention se propose de résoudre les problèmes qui apparaissent lorsqu'on utilise des supports diélectriques en nitrure de bore.The present invention proposes to solve the problems which arise when using dielectric supports made of boron nitride.
Le nitrure de bore est utilisé car sa conductivité thermique est bonne et sa constante diélectrique faible, de l'ordre de 3 pour le nitrure de bore anisotrope ; cette faible constante diélectrique fait que l'énergie ne se concentre pas dans les supports diélectriques et améliore l'impédance de couplage.Boron nitride is used because its thermal conductivity is good and its dielectric constant low, of the order of 3 for anisotropic boron nitride; this low dielectric constant means that the energy does not concentrate in the dielectric supports and improves the coupling impedance.
Lorsqu'on utilise des supports diélectriques en nitrure de bore pour des TOP fonctionnent en continu, on constate qu'on intercepte une fraction importante du courant de cathode, cette fraction pouvant aller jusqu'à 50 % du courant de cathode. De plus, la fraction du courant de cathode qui est interceptée peut varier au cours du temps dans de fortes proportions.When using dielectric supports made of boron nitride for TOPs operate continuously, it is observed that a large fraction of the cathode current is intercepted, this fraction possibly going up to 50% of the cathode current. In addition, the fraction of the cathode current which is intercepted can vary over time in large proportions.
Lorsqu'on utilise des supports diélectriques en nitrure de bore pour des TOP fonctionnant en impulsions, on observe un courant d'hélice relativement important, qui croît pendant les impulsions, et qui risque d'endommager l'hélice.When using dielectric supports made of boron nitride for TOPs operating in pulses, a relatively large propeller current is observed, which increases during the pulses, and which risks damaging the propeller.
Pour résoudre les problèmes qui se posent depuis de nombreuses années lorsqu'on utilise des supports diélectriques en nitrure de bore, la Demanderesse a d'abord déposé sur les supports diélectriques un matériau légèrement conducteur, tel que le graphite. Ce dépôt de graphite au lieu de résoudre ces problèmes les a accentués.To resolve the problems which have arisen for many years when using dielectric supports made of boron nitride, the Applicant has first deposited on the dielectric supports a slightly conductive material, such as graphite. This deposition of graphite instead of solving these problems accentuated them.
L'article intitulé "High power, high frequency helix TW" issu de la Conférence Proceedings Military Microwaves'86 passe en revue les différents possibilités pour réaliser des supports d'hélice pour tubes à ondes progressives. Des supports en nitrure de bore se chargent électriquement. On peut les recouvrir d'une fine couche conductrice mais cela introduit des pertes. Des supports réalisés en oxyde de béryllium au lieu du nitrure de bore sont présentés comme le meilleur choix. Mais cette solution présente aussi des inconvénients.The article entitled "High power, high frequency helix TW" from the Proceedings Military Microwaves'86 conference reviews the different possibilities for making propeller supports for traveling wave tubes. Boron nitride supports are electrically charged. They can be covered with a thin conductive layer but this introduces losses. Supports made of beryllium oxide instead of boron nitride are presented as the best choice. However, this solution also has drawbacks.
La présente invention permet de résoudre les problèmes liés a l'utilisation de supports diélectriques en nitrure de bore.The present invention makes it possible to solve the problems associated with the use of dielectric supports made of boron nitride.
La présente invention concerne un tube à onde progressive comportant une ligne à retard du type en hélice, fixée à un fourreau par l'intermédiaire de supports diélectriques en nitrure de bore, et caractérisé en ce que les supports portent une couche de matériau isolant ayant un coefficient d'émission secondaire supérieur a 1, tel que par exemple l'alumine ou la glucine.The present invention relates to a traveling wave tube comprising a helical type delay line, fixed to a sheath by means of dielectric supports made of boron nitride, and characterized in that the supports carry a layer of insulating material having a secondary emission factor greater than 1, such as for example alumina or glucin.
Selon la Demanderesse, les problèmes liés a l'utilisation de supports diélectriques en nitrure de bore sont résolus lorsqu'on revêt ces supports d'une couche de matériau isolant ayant un coefficient d'émission secondaire supérieur à 1, car les problèmes observés sont dus au fait que le nitrure de bore a un coefficient d'émission secondaire inférieur à 1, dans les conditions où il est utilisé. Ce coefficient d'émission secondaire inférieur à 1 a pour conséquence que les supports diélectriques prennent au cours du temps un potentiel négatif élevé. En conséquence, le faisceau d'électrons est défocalisé, une fraction importante du courant de cathode est interceptée. On observe de ce fait un courant d'hélice qui n'est pas constant et qui peut devenir très important.According to the Applicant, the problems associated with the use of dielectric supports made of boron nitride are resolved when these supports are coated with a layer of insulating material having a secondary emission coefficient greater than 1, because the problems observed are due the fact that boron nitride has a secondary emission factor of less than 1, under the conditions in which it is used. This secondary emission factor less than 1 means that the dielectric supports acquire a high negative potential over time. As a result, the electron beam is defocused, a large fraction of the cathode current is intercepted. There is therefore observed a propeller current which is not constant and which can become very large.
D'autre objets, caractéristiques et résultats de l'invention ressortiront de la description suivante, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif et illustrée par les figures annexées qui représentent :
- la figure 1, une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un tube à onde progressive comportant une ligne à retard du type en hélice ;
- la figure 2, une vue en coupe transversale montrant les supports diélectriques en nitrure de bore revêtus d'une couche de matériau isolant, ayant un coefficient d'émission secondaire supérieur à 1.
- Figure 1, a longitudinal sectional view of a traveling wave tube having a helical type delay line;
- FIG. 2, a cross-sectional view showing the dielectric supports made of boron nitride coated with a layer of insulating material, having a secondary emission coefficient greater than 1.
Sur les différentes figures, les mêmes repères désignent les mêmes éléments, mais, pour des raisons de clarté, les cotes et proportions des divers éléments ne sont par respectées.In the different figures, the same references designate the same elements, but, for reasons of clarity, the dimensions and proportions of the various elements are not respected.
La figure 1 représente une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un tube à onde progressive comportant une ligne à retard du type en hélice.FIG. 1 represents a view in longitudinal section of a traveling wave tube comprising a delay line of the helical type.
On a représenté de gauche à droite sur la figure 1, le canon à électrons 1, la ligne à retard du type en hélice 2 qui est fixée dans un fourreau 3, l'entrée RF 4 du tube et sa sortie RF 5, le dispositif de focalisation du faisceau 6 et le collecteur 7.There is shown from left to right in Figure 1, the electron gun 1, the delay line of the
La figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale qui montre trois supports diélectriques 8, disposés à 120° l'un de l'autre, et qui assurent la fixation de la ligne à retard du type en hélice 2 au fourreau cylindrique 3.FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view which shows three dielectric supports 8, arranged at 120 ° from one another, and which secure the delay line of the
Ces bâtonnent peuvent avoir diverses sections : rectangulaires, carrées.... ou comme sur la figure 2 de forme sensiblement trapézoïdale.These rods can have various sections: rectangular, square .... or as in Figure 2 of substantially trapezoidal shape.
Selon l'invention, on revêt les supports diélectriques 3 d'une couche de matériau isolant 9 ayant un coefficient d'émission secondaire supérieur à 1, tel que par exemple l'alumine ou la glucine.According to the invention, the dielectric supports 3 are coated with a layer of insulating
On dépose, par exemple par pulvérisation cathodique, une couche mince d'une épaisseur de 1000 Angströms par exemple.A thin layer with a thickness of 1000 Angstroms, for example, is deposited, for example by sputtering.
On constate que dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 2 que trois des quatre faces des supports diélectriques sont recouverts de la couche de matériau isolant 9. Cela facilite le dépôt de la couche de matériau isolant sur les supports sans nuire a l'efficacité de l'invention. Il n'est en effet pas utile que la partie de la section transversale des supports qui se trouve en contact avec le fourreau soit recouverte du matériau isolant 9.It can be seen that in the embodiment of FIG. 2 that three of the four faces of the dielectric supports are covered with the layer of insulating
Claims (3)
- Travelling-wave tube comprising a delay line (2) of the helical type, attached to a sheath (3) by means of dielectric supports (8) made of boron nitride, characterized in that the supports (8) bear a layer (9) of alumina.
- Travelling-wave tube according to Claim 1, characterized in that that part of the transverse section of the supports which is in contact with the sheath is not covered with the layer (9) of alumina.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1989616014 DE68916014T2 (en) | 1989-06-13 | 1989-06-13 | Running tube with helical delay line, which is attached to the vacuum envelope by means of dielectric boron nitride support rods. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8419363A FR2629634B1 (en) | 1984-12-18 | 1984-12-18 | PROGRESSIVE WAVE TUBE HAVING A PROPELLER-TYPE DELAY LINE FIXED TO A SLEEVE THROUGH BORON NITRIDE DIELECTRIC SUPPORT |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0402549A1 EP0402549A1 (en) | 1990-12-19 |
| EP0402549B1 true EP0402549B1 (en) | 1994-06-08 |
Family
ID=9310729
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89401635A Expired - Lifetime EP0402549B1 (en) | 1984-12-18 | 1989-06-13 | Travelling-wave tube with a helical delay line made of boron nitride and attached to the vacuum tube |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5071055A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0402549B1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2629634B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5038076A (en) * | 1989-05-04 | 1991-08-06 | Raytheon Company | Slow wave delay line structure having support rods coated by a dielectric material to prevent rod charging |
| JPH0589788A (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1993-04-09 | Nec Corp | Dielectric support for travelling wave tube |
| JP2946989B2 (en) * | 1993-02-03 | 1999-09-13 | 日本電気株式会社 | Spiral slow-wave circuit structure and method of manufacturing the same |
| JPH08111182A (en) | 1994-08-17 | 1996-04-30 | Toshiba Corp | Slow-wave circuit structure for traveling wave tube and its manufacture |
| FR2758888B1 (en) * | 1997-01-27 | 1999-04-23 | Thomson Csf | PROCESS FOR FINE MODELING OF CLOUD GROUND RECEIVED BY RADAR |
| JP3520396B2 (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 2004-04-19 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Active matrix substrate and display device |
| JP3580092B2 (en) * | 1997-08-21 | 2004-10-20 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Active matrix display |
| KR100627091B1 (en) * | 1997-08-21 | 2006-09-22 | 세이코 엡슨 가부시키가이샤 | Active matrix display |
| FR2787918B1 (en) | 1998-12-23 | 2001-03-16 | Thomson Tubes Electroniques | MULTIBAND PROGRESSIVE WAVE TUBE OF REDUCED LENGTH CAPABLE OF OPERATING AT HIGH POWER |
| US6221563B1 (en) | 1999-08-12 | 2001-04-24 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method of making an organic electroluminescent device |
| US6899507B2 (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2005-05-31 | Asm Japan K.K. | Semiconductor processing apparatus comprising chamber partitioned into reaction and transfer sections |
| US6917162B2 (en) * | 2002-02-13 | 2005-07-12 | Genvac Aerospace Corporation | Traveling wave tube |
| CN100339928C (en) * | 2003-07-21 | 2007-09-26 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Combined extrusion method using transition cellpacking to realize helical slow-wave structure |
| JP2006134751A (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2006-05-25 | Nec Microwave Inc | Electron tube |
| FR2883409B1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2007-04-27 | Thales Sa | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A TOP WITH REDUCED CHARGE EFFECT |
| CN104157537B (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2017-04-12 | 安徽华东光电技术研究所 | Slow-wave structure with multiple sets of parallel spiral lines |
| CN111029229B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2022-06-21 | 南京三乐集团有限公司 | Boron nitride clamping rod degassing device and method for traveling wave tube |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4014377A1 (en) * | 1989-05-04 | 1990-11-08 | Raytheon Co | HIGH-FREQUENCY AMPLIFIER WITH SLOW-WAVE DELAY LINE |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE7638159U1 (en) * | 1976-12-06 | 1977-06-16 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | TROPICAL TUBE WITH A COIL-LIKE DELAY LINE |
| FR2454694A1 (en) * | 1979-04-20 | 1980-11-14 | Thomson Csf | PROGRESSIVE WAVE TUBE HAVING VARIABLE GEOMETRY DELAY LINE SUPPORTS |
| FR2532109A1 (en) * | 1982-08-20 | 1984-02-24 | Thomson Csf | PROGRESSIVE WAVE TUBE HAVING MEANS FOR SUPPRESSING PARASITE OSCILLATIONS |
| GB2141370B (en) * | 1983-06-17 | 1987-02-04 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Bonding metal to ceramic |
| DE3406051A1 (en) * | 1984-02-20 | 1985-08-22 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Delay line for travelling-wave tubes and method for the production thereof |
-
1984
- 1984-12-18 FR FR8419363A patent/FR2629634B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1985
- 1985-12-18 US US06/824,588 patent/US5071055A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-06-13 EP EP89401635A patent/EP0402549B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4014377A1 (en) * | 1989-05-04 | 1990-11-08 | Raytheon Co | HIGH-FREQUENCY AMPLIFIER WITH SLOW-WAVE DELAY LINE |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0402549A1 (en) | 1990-12-19 |
| US5071055A (en) | 1991-12-10 |
| FR2629634A1 (en) | 1989-10-06 |
| FR2629634B1 (en) | 1990-10-12 |
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