EP0395534B1 - Building construction - Google Patents
Building construction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0395534B1 EP0395534B1 EP90401160A EP90401160A EP0395534B1 EP 0395534 B1 EP0395534 B1 EP 0395534B1 EP 90401160 A EP90401160 A EP 90401160A EP 90401160 A EP90401160 A EP 90401160A EP 0395534 B1 EP0395534 B1 EP 0395534B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blocks
- civil engineering
- engineering work
- work according
- nappes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
- E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/02—Piers; Abutments ; Protecting same against drifting ice
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a work of art, in particular an overpass bridge comprising an apron and two earth embankments bordered by facing blocks, at least some of which are associated with plies extending inwardly of said embankments .
- a structure of this type is known from document US-A-3981038.
- Structures such as overpass bridges known from the state of the art usually include earthen embankments whose external surface forms with the horizontal a slope at most equal to 45 °. A higher angle would cause rapid degradation due to runoff and natural erosion.
- embankments imply a significant footprint of the structure on the surrounding land and impose an increase in the span of the deck. It is also known from the above-mentioned document to have the load of an apron supported by the embankments themselves.
- the object of the present invention is to reduce the span of the deck and the extent of the structure on the surrounding land and to significantly reduce the economic cost of producing such a structure.
- the subject of the invention is a work of art, in particular an overpass bridge of the type known from patent US-A-3981038, characterized in that the blocks, comprising an upper face and a lower face, are superimposed by said faces so as to produce a stack, that the plies, made of geotextile material, are wedged at the right of their end between the adjacent faces of two superimposed blocks, and that the deck is supported, at least partially, on the says stacking.
- the geotextile layers associated with the facing blocks ensure anchoring of the said blocks opposing the pressure exerted by the earth mass of the embankment.
- embankments of significant slope without risk of degradation.
- the distance between the feet of opposite embankments being generally determined by the width of the road spanned by the structure, a significant slope makes it possible to reduce the span of the deck as well as the influence of the structure on the adjacent land.
- the geotextile sheets are wedged between the adjacent faces of two blocks superimposed.
- the pressure exerted by the deck improves the blocking of the geotextile layers between two layers of facing blocks and therefore reinforces the anchoring of said facing layers.
- the edges of the facing blocks are successively shifted inwards so that the slope of the embankment forms an angle greater than 50 ° relative to the horizontal.
- the geotextile sheets used are made of a nonwoven material reinforced with fibers of high mechanical strength.
- the non-woven materials ensure drainage of the infiltrated water.
- the fibers of high mechanical resistance avoid the tearing of the draining nonwoven materials and ensure an optimal resistance to the stress resulting from the forces exerted by the earth of the embankment on the external facing blocks.
- geotextile sheets used are constituted by a fabric of hydrophilic fibers on the one hand, and of high strength fibers on the other hand.
- the geotextile sheets form a negative angle with the horizontal plane.
- the plies are lowered away from the facing blocks and improve the draining effect as well as the distribution of stresses inside the embankment.
- a facing block suitable for the construction of an engineering structure according to the invention in particular an overpass bridge, comprises on one of the horizontal faces, at least one groove substantially parallel to the outer face and on the opposite face at least one complementary rib.
- the geotextile sheet being wedged between the adjacent horizontal surfaces of two superimposed blocks, the grooves and ribs improve the wedging and therefore the anchoring of the facing blocks.
- the rib and the groove are offset from the outside surface of the block. This offset ensures the formation of an embankment whose external slope is determined.
- the facing block advantageously comprises, in its rear part, at least one cavity open upwards. This cavity is filled with soil during the constitution of the embankment and incidentally allows the cultivation of plants covering the exterior facing blocks. This results in an improvement of the aesthetic effect.
- the earth embankment according to the present invention is connected to an earth embankment with a slope less than 50 ° of known type by a connection embankment according to the present invention and having a slope decreasing up to the slope formed by the backfill of known type.
- This connection embankment makes it possible to eliminate ruptures of slopes harmful both for the safety and for the visibility of the vehicles circulating on the underpass.
- the single figure represents a structure comprising a lower passage (1) and an upper passage (2).
- the embankment (3) consists of a succession of layers bordered by facing edges (4) and earth (5).
- the facing blocks have, on the horizontal lower surface (6), a groove (7) extending substantially parallel to the external surface (8) of said block (4).
- the upper horizontal surface (9) has a rib (10) of profile complementary to the groove (7).
- the geotextile sheets (11) are blocked between two adjacent horizontal surfaces of facing blocks (4), and are in particular held in place by the ribs (10) fitting into the grooves (7).
- the geotextile layers (11) form a small angle with a horizontal plane.
- the deck (12) exerts a vertical force reinforcing the maintenance of the geotextile layers (11) by the facing blocks (4). In the example described, the deck (12) is partially held by a stake (13).
- the length of the geotextile layers corresponds appreciably to the height of the structure and depends essentially on the nature of the ground, the soil conditions, the range of the base of the structure.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un ouvrage d'art, en particulier un pont à passage supérieur comportant un tablier et deux remblais de terre bordés par des blocs de parement dont au moins certains sont associés à des nappes s'étendant vers l'intérieur des dits remblais. Un ouvrage d'art de ce type est connu du document US-A-3981038.The present invention relates to a work of art, in particular an overpass bridge comprising an apron and two earth embankments bordered by facing blocks, at least some of which are associated with plies extending inwardly of said embankments . A structure of this type is known from document US-A-3981038.
Les ouvrages d'art tels que ponts à passage supérieur connus de l'état de la technique comportent de façon habituelle des remblais en terre dont la surface extérieure forme avec l'horizontale une pente au plus égale à 45°. Un angle supérieur entrainerait une dégradation rapide due au ruissellement des eaux et à l'érosion naturelle.Structures such as overpass bridges known from the state of the art usually include earthen embankments whose external surface forms with the horizontal a slope at most equal to 45 °. A higher angle would cause rapid degradation due to runoff and natural erosion.
De tels remblais impliquent une emprise importante de l'ouvrage sur les terrains environnants et imposent une augmentation de la portée du tablier. Il est par ailleurs connu du document précité de faire supporter la charge d'un tablier par les remblais eux-mêmes.Such embankments imply a significant footprint of the structure on the surrounding land and impose an increase in the span of the deck. It is also known from the above-mentioned document to have the load of an apron supported by the embankments themselves.
La présente invention a pour but de diminuer la portée du tablier ainsi que l'emprise de l'ouvrage d'art sur les terrains environnants et de réduire sensiblement le coût économique de réalisation d'un tel ouvrage d'art.The object of the present invention is to reduce the span of the deck and the extent of the structure on the surrounding land and to significantly reduce the economic cost of producing such a structure.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un ouvrage d'art, en particulier pont à passage supérieur du type connu du brevet US-A-3981038, caractérisé en ce que les blocs, comportant une face supérieure et une face inférieure, sont superposés par les dites faces de manière à réaliser un empilement, que les nappes, constituées en matériau géotextile, sont coincées au droit de leur extrémité entre les faces adjacentes de deux blocs superposés, et que le tablier prend appui, au moins partiellement, sur le dit empilement.To this end, the subject of the invention is a work of art, in particular an overpass bridge of the type known from patent US-A-3981038, characterized in that the blocks, comprising an upper face and a lower face, are superimposed by said faces so as to produce a stack, that the plies, made of geotextile material, are wedged at the right of their end between the adjacent faces of two superimposed blocks, and that the deck is supported, at least partially, on the says stacking.
Les nappes de géotextile associées aux blocs de parement assurent un ancrage des dits blocs s'opposant à la pression exercée par la masse de terre du remblai.The geotextile layers associated with the facing blocks ensure anchoring of the said blocks opposing the pressure exerted by the earth mass of the embankment.
Il est ainsi possible de réaliser des remblais de pente importante sans risque de dégradation. La distance entre les pieds de remblais opposés étant généralement déterminée par la largeur de la route enjambée par l'ouvrage d'art, une pente importante permet de réduire la portée du tablier ainsi que l'emprise de l'ouvrage d'art sur les terrains adjacents.It is thus possible to make embankments of significant slope without risk of degradation. The distance between the feet of opposite embankments being generally determined by the width of the road spanned by the structure, a significant slope makes it possible to reduce the span of the deck as well as the influence of the structure on the adjacent land.
Conformément à l'une des caractéristiques de l'invention, les nappes de géotextile sont coincées entre les faces adjacentes de deux blocs superposés. La pression exercée par le tablier améliore le blocage des nappes de géotextile entre deux couches de blocs de parement et donc renforce l'ancrage des dites couches de parement.According to one of the characteristics of the invention, the geotextile sheets are wedged between the adjacent faces of two blocks superimposed. The pressure exerted by the deck improves the blocking of the geotextile layers between two layers of facing blocks and therefore reinforces the anchoring of said facing layers.
Suivant un mode de réalisation préféré, on décale successivement vers l'intérieur les bordures des blocs de parement de façon à ce que la pente du remblai forme un angle supérieur à 50° par rapport à l'horizontale.According to a preferred embodiment, the edges of the facing blocks are successively shifted inwards so that the slope of the embankment forms an angle greater than 50 ° relative to the horizontal.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, les nappes de géotextile mises en oeuvre sont constituées par un matériau non tissé renforcé par des fibres de haute résistance mécanique. Les matériaux non tissés assurent un drainage des eaux infiltrées. Les fibres de haute résistance mécanique évitent la déchirure des matériaux non tissés drainants et assurent une résistance.optimale à la contrainte résultant des forces exercées par la terre du remblai sur les blocs de parement extérieurs.According to a preferred embodiment, the geotextile sheets used are made of a nonwoven material reinforced with fibers of high mechanical strength. The non-woven materials ensure drainage of the infiltrated water. The fibers of high mechanical resistance avoid the tearing of the draining nonwoven materials and ensure an optimal resistance to the stress resulting from the forces exerted by the earth of the embankment on the external facing blocks.
Selon une variante, des nappes de géotextile mises en oeuvre, sont constituées par un tissu de fibres hydrophiles d'une part, et de fibres de haute résistance d'autre part.According to a variant, geotextile sheets used, are constituted by a fabric of hydrophilic fibers on the one hand, and of high strength fibers on the other hand.
Selon un mode préférentiel, les nappes de géotextile forment un angle négatif avec le plan horizontal. Les nappes s'abaissent ainsi en s'éloignant des blocs de parement et améliorent l'effet drainant ainsi que la répartition des tensions régnant à l'intérieur du remblai.According to a preferred mode, the geotextile sheets form a negative angle with the horizontal plane. The plies are lowered away from the facing blocks and improve the draining effect as well as the distribution of stresses inside the embankment.
Un bloc de parement convenant à la construction d'un ouvrage d'art selon l'invention, en particulier d'un pont à passage supérieur, comporte sur l'une des faces horizontales, au moins une cannelure sensiblement parallèle à la face extérieure et sur la face opposée au moins une nervure complémentaire. La nappe de géotextile étant coincée entre les surfaces horizontales adjacentes de deux blocs superposés, les cannelures et nervures améliorent le coincement et par conséquent, l'ancrage des blocs de parement.A facing block suitable for the construction of an engineering structure according to the invention, in particular an overpass bridge, comprises on one of the horizontal faces, at least one groove substantially parallel to the outer face and on the opposite face at least one complementary rib. The geotextile sheet being wedged between the adjacent horizontal surfaces of two superimposed blocks, the grooves and ribs improve the wedging and therefore the anchoring of the facing blocks.
De préférence, la nervure et la cannelure sont décalées par rapport à la surface extérieure du bloc. Ce décalage assure la formation d'un remblai dont la pente extérieure est déterminée.Preferably, the rib and the groove are offset from the outside surface of the block. This offset ensures the formation of an embankment whose external slope is determined.
Le bloc de parement comporte de façon avantageuse, dans sa partie arrière, au moins une cavité ouverte vers le haut. Cette cavité est remplie de terre lors de la constitution du remblai et permet accessoirement, la culture de végétaux recouvrant les blocs extérieurs de parement. Il en résulte une amélioration de l'effet esthétique.The facing block advantageously comprises, in its rear part, at least one cavity open upwards. This cavity is filled with soil during the constitution of the embankment and incidentally allows the cultivation of plants covering the exterior facing blocks. This results in an improvement of the aesthetic effect.
Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, le remblai de terre conforme à la présente invention est raccordé à un remblai de terre à pente inférieure à 50° de type connu par un remblai de raccordement conforme à la présente invention et présentant une pente décroissant jusqu'à la pente formée par le remblai de terre de type connu. Ce remblai de raccordement permet de supprimer les ruptures de pentes néfastes tant pour la sécurité que pour la visibilité des véhicules circulant sur le passage inférieur.According to an advantageous embodiment, the earth embankment according to the present invention is connected to an earth embankment with a slope less than 50 ° of known type by a connection embankment according to the present invention and having a slope decreasing up to the slope formed by the backfill of known type. This connection embankment makes it possible to eliminate ruptures of slopes harmful both for the safety and for the visibility of the vehicles circulating on the underpass.
La présente invention sera mieux comprise en s'appuyant sur la figure unique représentant une vue en coupe d'un ouvrage d'art conforme à la présente invention.The present invention will be better understood by relying on the single figure representing a sectional view of a work of art in accordance with the present invention.
La figure unique représente un ouvrage d'art comportant un passage inférieur (1) et un passage supérieur (2). Le remblai (3) est constitué par une succession de couches bordées par des bordures de parement (4) et de terre (5). Les blocs de parement présentent à la surface inférieure (6) horizontale, une cannelure (7) s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement à la surface extérieure (8) dudit bloc (4). La surface supérieure (9) horizontale comporte une nervure (10) de profil complémentaire à la cannelure (7). Les nappes de géotextile (11) sont bloquées entre deux surfaces horizontales adjacentes de blocs de parement (4), et sont en particulier maintenues grâce aux nervures (10) s'emboitant dans les cannelures (7). Les nappes de géotextile (11) forment avec un plan horizontal un angle faible. Le tablier (12) exerce une force verticale renforçant le maintien des nappes de géotextile (11) par les blocs de parement (4). Dans l'exemple décrit, le tablier (12) est maintenu partiellement par un pieu (13).The single figure represents a structure comprising a lower passage (1) and an upper passage (2). The embankment (3) consists of a succession of layers bordered by facing edges (4) and earth (5). The facing blocks have, on the horizontal lower surface (6), a groove (7) extending substantially parallel to the external surface (8) of said block (4). The upper horizontal surface (9) has a rib (10) of profile complementary to the groove (7). The geotextile sheets (11) are blocked between two adjacent horizontal surfaces of facing blocks (4), and are in particular held in place by the ribs (10) fitting into the grooves (7). The geotextile layers (11) form a small angle with a horizontal plane. The deck (12) exerts a vertical force reinforcing the maintenance of the geotextile layers (11) by the facing blocks (4). In the example described, the deck (12) is partially held by a stake (13).
La longueur des nappes de géotextile correspond sensiblement à la hauteur de l'ouvrage et dépend essentiellement de la nature du terrain, des conditions du sol, de la portée de la base de l'ouvrage.The length of the geotextile layers corresponds appreciably to the height of the structure and depends essentially on the nature of the ground, the soil conditions, the range of the base of the structure.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et représenté ici mais on peut y apporter de nombreuses modifications dans le cadre des revendications annexées.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown here, but many modifications can be made to it within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
- A civil engineering work, particularly a deck bridge, comprising a floor plate (12) and two earth banks (3) edged with kerbstone blocks (4), some of them at least being connected to nappes (11) stretching inside said banks, characterized in that the blocks (4), comprising an upper face (9) and a lower face (6), are superposed on said faces so as to form a pile, that the nappes (11), made of geotextile material, are wedged at their extremity between the adjacent faces of two superposed blocks, and that the floor plate (12) rests, at least partially, on said pile.
- A civil engineering work according to claim 1, characterized in that the slope created by each pile of blocks (4) is at least equal to 50° with respect to the horizontal line.
- A civil engineering work according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the nappes (11) are made of a woven material reinforced with high-strength fibres.
- A civil engineering work according to claim 3, characterized in that the nappes (11) are made of a hydrophile fibres material on the one hand, and high-strength fibres on the other hand.
- A civil engineering work according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the nappes (11) slope downwards into the backfill earth (5).
- A civil engineering work according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that one of the horizontal faces (6, 9) of the blocks (4) includes a groove (7) and the other one includes a rib (10) which is complementary and out of line with said groove (7).
- A civil engineering work according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of both earth banks (3) is connected to a standard earth bank, the gradient of the former progressively changing so as to reach the angle of the natural slope of the latter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT90401160T ATE85997T1 (en) | 1989-04-27 | 1990-04-27 | BUILDING CONSTRUCTION. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8905584 | 1989-04-27 | ||
| FR8905584A FR2646448B1 (en) | 1989-04-27 | 1989-04-27 | METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING A WORK OF ART, BLOCKS OF SIDING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SAID METHOD AND WORK OF ART THUS PRODUCED |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0395534A1 EP0395534A1 (en) | 1990-10-31 |
| EP0395534B1 true EP0395534B1 (en) | 1993-02-24 |
Family
ID=9381182
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90401160A Expired - Lifetime EP0395534B1 (en) | 1989-04-27 | 1990-04-27 | Building construction |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0395534B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE85997T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69000955T2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2646448B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5551809A (en) * | 1994-08-30 | 1996-09-03 | Keystone Retaining Wall Systems, Inc. | Embankment wall construction and method and block construction for making the same |
| DK0828899T3 (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 2003-11-24 | Novabrick Internat Inc | Block for mortar construction of a wall |
| CN112921816A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-08 | 中铁五局集团有限公司 | Multilayer low-altitude anti-sideslip supporting pad box and using method thereof |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE389358B (en) * | 1973-06-21 | 1976-11-01 | Fodervaevnader Ab | GROUND REINFORCEMENT DEVICE. |
| US3981038A (en) * | 1975-06-26 | 1976-09-21 | Vidal Henri C | Bridge and abutment therefor |
| DE3017064C2 (en) * | 1980-05-03 | 1984-04-05 | Gimmler, Luise Maria, 6618 Wadern-Bardenbach | Embankment block |
| CA1247870A (en) * | 1985-10-17 | 1989-01-03 | Arnaldo Giardini | Concrete retaining wall block |
| FR2622227B1 (en) * | 1987-10-23 | 1991-01-11 | Manent Vincent | CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT FOR THE REALIZATION OF RETAINING WALLS |
-
1989
- 1989-04-27 FR FR8905584A patent/FR2646448B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-04-27 AT AT90401160T patent/ATE85997T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-27 EP EP90401160A patent/EP0395534B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-27 DE DE9090401160T patent/DE69000955T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69000955D1 (en) | 1993-04-01 |
| FR2646448A1 (en) | 1990-11-02 |
| FR2646448B1 (en) | 1992-03-20 |
| ATE85997T1 (en) | 1993-03-15 |
| DE69000955T2 (en) | 1993-08-19 |
| EP0395534A1 (en) | 1990-10-31 |
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