EP0391113B1 - Process for removing lacquers from works, especially layered works comprising fibers - Google Patents
Process for removing lacquers from works, especially layered works comprising fibers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0391113B1 EP0391113B1 EP90105056A EP90105056A EP0391113B1 EP 0391113 B1 EP0391113 B1 EP 0391113B1 EP 90105056 A EP90105056 A EP 90105056A EP 90105056 A EP90105056 A EP 90105056A EP 0391113 B1 EP0391113 B1 EP 0391113B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lacquer
- process according
- stripping
- works
- excimer laser
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44D—PAINTING OR ARTISTIC DRAWING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PRESERVING PAINTINGS; SURFACE TREATMENT TO OBTAIN SPECIAL ARTISTIC SURFACE EFFECTS OR FINISHES
- B44D3/00—Accessories or implements for use in connection with painting or artistic drawing, not otherwise provided for; Methods or devices for colour determination, selection, or synthesis, e.g. use of colour tables
- B44D3/16—Implements or apparatus for removing dry paint from surfaces, e.g. by scraping, by burning
- B44D3/166—Implements or apparatus for removing dry paint from surfaces, e.g. by scraping, by burning by heating, e.g. by burning
Definitions
- the object of the invention is to provide a method, in particular for stripping paint from fiber composite material parts and aluminum alloys provided with very resistant paints.
- An excimer laser is used in the method according to the invention, in particular a pulsed noble gas halide laser with short-wave radiation emission in the ultraviolet range.
- a pulsed noble gas halide laser with short-wave radiation emission in the ultraviolet range.
- the excimer laser with its much shorter-wave radiation and the photochemical reactions inherent to this type of laser can drastically reduce the heating of the paint load-bearing base material.
- the use for the processing of light metal and fiber composite materials is thereby made possible in principle without having to accept the risk of undesired material damage.
- Optical means for example lenses, can advantageously be used for this purpose.
- the operating point is preferably between 0.5 and 0.75 J / cm2 with a stripping rate between 0.36 and 0.35 »m / pulse. This results in a volume removed of approximately 0.47m * cm2 per watt laser average power multiplied by the unit of time. With currently used excimer lasers with an output of 45 watts, the area rate is 0.06 cm2 / s. Expected laser powers of 500 - 1000 watts make an area rate of approx. 7.8 cm2 / s appear possible. These values scale with the layer thickness and refer to a very resistant, highly elastic PUR lacquer layer (60 »m).
- XeCl lasers and KrF lasers have a significantly higher saturation rate than comparable ArF lasers, the threshold of which is slightly lower than that of KrF and XeCl lasers. Therefore KrF and XeCl lasers are cheaper for the paint stripping process described.
- the paint stripping rate shows a clear threshold below which paint stripping is not possible. Even with a pulse repetition frequency of 30 Hz, there is no significant heating of the parts to be stripped. The speed of the paint stripping is due to the lower removal rate of the top coat compared to the primer.
- FIG. 2 shows the schematic structure of an experimental arrangement for paint stripping. Since the edge areas of the laser emission are inhomogeneous, they are hidden with a rectangular aperture. Part of the laser radiation, approx. 8%, is directed onto an energy measuring head with a quartz plate. The relative energy is measured continuously during stripping. The pulse frequency is usually 20 Hz. ArF, KrF and XeCl lasers are used as laser types.
Description
In zunehmendem Maße ist es erforderlich, optimale Lacksysteme für die Aussenlackierung beispielsweise von Flugzeugen einzusetzen, die neben anderen wichtigen Eigenschaften eine sehr große Haftfestigkeit zu den Basiswerkstoffen aufweisen. Diese Forderung liegt begründet in der Zunahme der Korrosionsschäden an Metallen im Flugbetrieb und der Tatsache, daß das Haftungsverhalten der Lacke und das Korrosionsschutzvermögen in engem Zusammenhang stehen. Die Anwendung dieser Lackaufbauten wirft bei jeglicher Wartungs- und Reparaturarbeit Probleme bei der Entlackung auf, da die Wirksamkeit von herkömmlichen Beizmitteln nicht mehr ausreicht. Die Entwicklung neuer Entlackungsverfahren ist deshalb mit ein wichtiger Bestandteil bei der Bearbeitung der Korrosionsproblematik.It is increasingly necessary to use optimal paint systems for the exterior painting of aircraft, for example, which, in addition to other important properties, have a very high adhesive strength to the base materials. This requirement is due to the increase in corrosion damage to metals in flight operations and the fact that the adhesion behavior of the paints and the corrosion protection capacity are closely related. The use of these paint systems poses problems with paint stripping for all maintenance and repair work, since the effectiveness of conventional mordants is no longer sufficient. The development of new paint stripping processes is therefore an important component when dealing with corrosion problems.
Für eine zweite Werkstoffgruppe, die faserverstärkten Kunststoffe, nimmt die Entlackungsthematik in anderer Weise eine bedeutende Rolle ein. Für diese Werkstoffe sind herkömmliche Abbeizmethoden mit Beizmitteln nicht anwendbar. Aufwendige Schleifarbeiten sind somit notwendig. Die Akzeptanz dieses Aufwnds bei den Flugzeugeignern nimmt jedoch mit zunehmender Größe des Faserverbundanteils im Flugzeug ab. Somit kommt der Entlackbarkeit von Faserverbundwerkstoffteilen mit fortschreitendem Einsatz dieser Werkstoffgruppe eine zunehmende Bedeutung zu. Hinzu kommt das Verbot von Phenol, einhergehend mit dem Einsatz von verstärkt chemisch resistenten Lacksystemen. Dies führt zustätzlich auch zu gravierenden Entlakkungsproblemen bei Aluminium-Strukturen.For a second group of materials, fiber-reinforced plastics, the stripping issue plays an important role in another way. Conventional pickling methods with pickling agents cannot be used for these materials. Extensive grinding work is therefore necessary. The acceptance of this effort by aircraft owners, however, increases with the size of the fiber composite component on the plane. As a result of the increasing use of this group of materials, the ability to remove paint from fiber composite material parts is becoming increasingly important. In addition, there is the ban on phenol, along with the use of increasingly chemically resistant paint systems. This also leads to serious draining problems with aluminum structures.
Bekannte Verfahren zur Entlackung von Werkstücken sind derzeit die chemische Entlackung, die aber aufgrund der verwendeten Stoffe sehr umweltschädigend ist und bei Werkstücken aus Faserverbundwerkstoff nicht anwendbar ist. Auch mechanische Verfahren, wie die Granulatentlackung oder das aus der DE-PS 36 22 329 bekannte Entfernen von Farbschichten durch mechanische Einwirkung mit einer Nadelpistole sind bekannt, aber insbesondere bei dünnen Strukturen nicht anwendbar, sondern führen zu deren Zerstörung.Known processes for the stripping of workpieces are currently chemical stripping, which, however, is very harmful to the environment due to the materials used and cannot be used for workpieces made of fiber composite material. Mechanical processes, such as the removal of paint from granules or the removal of layers of paint known from DE-PS 36 22 329 by mechanical action with a needle gun, are known, but in particular cannot be used in the case of thin structures, but instead lead to their destruction.
Aus dem Dokument US-A-4588 885 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, bei dem zur berührungslosen großflächigen Entlackung von Werkstücken ein gepulster Laser verwendet wird.From the document US-A-4588 885 a method is known in which a pulsed laser is used for the contactless stripping of workpieces.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren insbesondere zur Entlackung von Faserverbundwerkstoffteilen und von mit sehr resistenten Lacken versehenen Aluminium-Legierungen anzugeben.The object of the invention is to provide a method, in particular for stripping paint from fiber composite material parts and aluminum alloys provided with very resistant paints.
Die Aufgabe wird durch das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Ausgestaltungen sind Bestandteile von Unteransprüchen.The object is achieved by the method according to
Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kommt ein Excimer-Laser zur Anwendung, insbesondere ein gepulster Edelgashalogenid-Laser mit kurzwelliger Strahlungsemission im Ultraviolett-Bereich. Im Gegensatz zu CO₂- und YAG-Hochleistungslasern, deren infrarote Strahlung bei der Wechselwirkung mit Materie in thermische Energie umgesetzt wird, kann der Excimer-Laser mit seiner wesentlich kurzwelligeren Strahlung und der diesem Lasertyp eigenen photochemischen Reaktionen, zur drastischen Reduzierung der Erwärmung des den Lack tragenden Basiswerkstoffes beitragen. Der Einsatz zur Bearbeitung von Leichtmetall und von Faserverbundwerkstoffen wird hierdurch grundsätzlich ermöglicht, ohne die Gefahr einer unerwünschten Werkstoffschädigung in Kauf nehmen zu müssen.An excimer laser is used in the method according to the invention, in particular a pulsed noble gas halide laser with short-wave radiation emission in the ultraviolet range. In contrast to CO₂ and YAG high-power lasers, whose infrared radiation is converted into thermal energy when interacting with matter, the excimer laser with its much shorter-wave radiation and the photochemical reactions inherent to this type of laser can drastically reduce the heating of the paint load-bearing base material. The use for the processing of light metal and fiber composite materials is thereby made possible in principle without having to accept the risk of undesired material damage.
Bei erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird kein Einfluß auf das Grundmaterial ausgeübt. Pro auf das Lacksystem ausgeübten Impuls wird etwa 1 »m abgetragen, so daß jede einzelne Lackschicht, ohne das darunterliegende Material zu schädigen, entfernt werden kann. Dabei ist die Entlackung einer jeden Schicht mit einer charakteristischen Flammenerscheinung verbunden. Durch eine spektroskopische Analyse des entstehenden Plasmas wird die Steuerung der örtlichen Entlackungstiefen vorgenommen. Die zu entlackende Oberfläche wird so schnell erhitzt, daß die bestrahlte Fläche schneller abdampft als absorbierende Energie in tiefere Schichten diffundiert und die damit verbundenen Lichtemissionen des abströmenden Plasmas werden zur Regulierung der Entlackungstiefe, insbesondere bei Mehrschichtsystemen, mit einer Genauigkeit von besser 1 »m ausgenutzt. Eine exakte Steuerung der Abtragstiefe und eine schichtweise Entlackung wird so ermöglicht. Die Entlakkungsrate (»m/Impuls) in Abhängigkeit von der Laserenergiedichte zeigt eine deutliche Schwelle, unterhalb der keine Entlackung möglich ist.In the method according to the invention, no influence is exerted on the base material. About 1 »m is removed per impulse exerted on the lacquer system, so that each individual lacquer layer can be removed without damaging the underlying material. The stripping of each layer is associated with a characteristic flame phenomenon. The local stripping depths are controlled by a spectroscopic analysis of the resulting plasma. The surface to be stripped is heated so quickly that the irradiated surface evaporates faster than absorbing energy diffuses into deeper layers and the associated light emissions of the outflowing plasma are used to regulate the stripping depth, especially in multi-layer systems, with an accuracy of better than 1 »m. This enables precise control of the removal depth and stripping in layers. The stripping rate (»m / pulse) depending on the laser energy density shows a clear threshold below which stripping is not possible.
Bei der flächigen Entlackung ist ein wesentliches Problem die genaue Definition der Energiedichte. Daher ist eine möglichst gleichförmige, homogene Energiedichteverteilung im fokussierten Laserbündel anzustreben. Dazu können optische Mittel, beispielsweise Linsen, vorteilhaft verwendet werden.When it comes to stripping paint, an essential problem is the precise definition of the energy density. Therefore, a uniform, homogeneous energy density distribution in the focused laser beam should be aimed for. Optical means, for example lenses, can advantageously be used for this purpose.
Die Erfindung wird mit Hilfe von Figuren näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail with the aid of figures.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- Werte einer XeCl-Laserentlackung
- Fig. 2
- einen schematischen Versuchsaufbau
- Fig. 1
- Values of a XeCl laser stripping
- Fig. 2
- a schematic experimental setup
Vorzugsweise liegt der Arbeitspunkt zwischen 0.5 und 0.75 J/cm² mit einer Entlackungsrate zwischen 0.36 und 0.35 »m/Impuls. Daraus ergibt sich ein abgetragenes Volumen von etwa 0,47m*cm² pro Watt Laserdurchschnittsleistung multipliziert mit der Zeiteinheit. Bei derzeitig verwendeten Excimer-Lasern mit einer Leistung von 45 Watt beträgt die Flächenrate 0.06 cm²/s. Zu erwartende Laserleistungen von 500 - 1000 Watt lassen eine Flächenrate von ca. 7,8cm²/s möglich erscheinen. Diese Werte skalieren mit der Schichtdicke und beziehen sich auf eine sehr widerstandsfähige, hochelastische PUR-Lackschicht (60 »m).The operating point is preferably between 0.5 and 0.75 J / cm² with a stripping rate between 0.36 and 0.35 »m / pulse. This results in a volume removed of approximately 0.47m * cm² per watt laser average power multiplied by the unit of time. With currently used excimer lasers with an output of 45 watts, the area rate is 0.06 cm² / s. Expected laser powers of 500 - 1000 watts make an area rate of approx. 7.8 cm² / s appear possible. These values scale with the layer thickness and refer to a very resistant, highly elastic PUR lacquer layer (60 »m).
XeCl-Laser und KrF-Laser besitzen eine deutlich höhere Sättigungsrate als vergleichbare ArF-Laser, deren Einsatzschwelle geringfügig unter der von KrF- und XeCl-Lasern liegt. Daher sind KrF- und XeCl-Laser für das beschriebene Entlackungsverfahren günstiger. Die Entlackungsrate zeigt eine deutliche Schwelle, unterhalb der keine Entlackung möglich ist. Selbst bei einer Impulswiederholfrequenz von 30 Hz findet keine deutliche Erwärmung der zu entlackenden Teile statt. Geschwindigkeitsbestimmend bei der Entlackung ist die Decklackschicht wegen ihrer geringeren Abtragungsrate gegenüber dem Primer.XeCl lasers and KrF lasers have a significantly higher saturation rate than comparable ArF lasers, the threshold of which is slightly lower than that of KrF and XeCl lasers. Therefore KrF and XeCl lasers are cheaper for the paint stripping process described. The paint stripping rate shows a clear threshold below which paint stripping is not possible. Even with a pulse repetition frequency of 30 Hz, there is no significant heating of the parts to be stripped. The speed of the paint stripping is due to the lower removal rate of the top coat compared to the primer.
Die Fig.2 zeigt den schematisierten Aufbau einer Versuchsanordnung zur Entlackung. Da die Randbereiche der Laseremmission inhomogen sind, werden sie mit einer Rechteckblende ausgeblendet. Ein Teil der Laserstrahlung, ca. 8 % , wird mit einer Quarzplatte auf einen Energiemeßkopf gelenkt. Während einer Entlackung wird die relative Energie fortlaufend gemessen. Die Impulsfrequenz beträgt üblicherweise 20 Hz. Als Lasertypen kommen ArF, KrF und XeCl-Laser zur Anwendung.2 shows the schematic structure of an experimental arrangement for paint stripping. Since the edge areas of the laser emission are inhomogeneous, they are hidden with a rectangular aperture. Part of the laser radiation, approx. 8%, is directed onto an energy measuring head with a quartz plate. The relative energy is measured continuously during stripping. The pulse frequency is usually 20 Hz. ArF, KrF and XeCl lasers are used as laser types.
Claims (6)
- Process for contact-free large surface lacquer removal from workpieces, in particular of fibre composite materials, using photo energy of a pulsed laser, characterised in that an Excimer laser of adjustable energy is used, which emits radiation in the UV range which photo-chemically reacts with the lacquer, whereby the surface to be cleared of lacquer is heated so quickly that the radiated lacquer evaporates more quickly than absorbed energy diffuses into lower layers.
- Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the light emissions of the flowing away plasm or the produced noise is utilized for regulating the depth of lacquer removal, in particular with multi-layer systems.
- Process according to claim 1, characterised in that an ArF-Excimer laser is used.
- Process according to claim 1, characterised in that a KrF-Excimer laser is used.
- Process according to claim 1, characterised in that a XeCl-Excimer laser is used.
- Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the light emission is subjected to a spectroscopic analysis.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3911329A DE3911329A1 (en) | 1989-04-07 | 1989-04-07 | METHOD FOR UNPAINTING WORKPIECES, IN PARTICULAR FIBER COMPOSITE WORKPIECES |
| DE3911329 | 1989-04-07 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0391113A2 EP0391113A2 (en) | 1990-10-10 |
| EP0391113A3 EP0391113A3 (en) | 1991-07-10 |
| EP0391113B1 true EP0391113B1 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
Family
ID=6378106
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90105056A Expired - Lifetime EP0391113B1 (en) | 1989-04-07 | 1990-03-17 | Process for removing lacquers from works, especially layered works comprising fibers |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0391113B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3911329A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5204517A (en) * | 1991-12-24 | 1993-04-20 | Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. | Method and system for control of a material removal process using spectral emission discrimination |
| US5328517A (en) * | 1991-12-24 | 1994-07-12 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Method and system for removing a coating from a substrate using radiant energy and a particle stream |
| US5281798A (en) * | 1991-12-24 | 1994-01-25 | Maxwell Laboratories, Inc. | Method and system for selective removal of material coating from a substrate using a flashlamp |
| DE4202074A1 (en) * | 1992-01-25 | 1993-07-29 | Audi Ag | Removing lacquer from parts - by bombarding with laser beam |
| DE4304953C2 (en) * | 1993-02-18 | 1995-09-07 | Schott Glaswerke | Method for forming a removable surface layer on a substrate, made of glass ceramic, glass or ceramic |
| US5373140A (en) * | 1993-03-16 | 1994-12-13 | Vernay Laboratories, Inc. | System for cleaning molding equipment using a laser |
| FR2703618B1 (en) * | 1993-04-08 | 1995-06-09 | France Etat Armement | Laser stripping device. |
| DE4320341C2 (en) * | 1993-06-21 | 1996-09-26 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Method for removing cover layers on glass components with laser radiation, device for carrying out the method and glass components produced using the method |
| DE4320408C2 (en) * | 1993-06-21 | 1998-02-19 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Process control and regulation process for the surface processing of workpieces with pulsed laser radiation |
| DE4413158C2 (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1996-11-28 | Jet Laser Systeme Ges Fuer Obe | Device for the extensive and environmentally friendly removal of a layer of lacquer or plastic, for example polytetrafluoroethylene |
| DE4413218C2 (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1996-12-05 | Jet Laser Systeme Ges Fuer Obe | Device for the extensive and environmentally friendly removal of a layer of lacquer or plastic, for example polytetrafluoroethylene |
| US5620618A (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1997-04-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Multi-wavelength programmable laser processing mechanisms and apparatus |
| DE10217725C1 (en) * | 2002-04-18 | 2003-11-06 | Jenoptik Automatisierungstech | Process for processing a release agent layer applied to a carrier material |
| GB2553515A (en) * | 2016-09-01 | 2018-03-14 | Rolls Royce Plc | Method |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US458885A (en) * | 1891-09-01 | Band-cutter and feeder | ||
| DE1038463B (en) * | 1945-06-13 | 1958-09-04 | Steam Torch Corp | Removing old paint by heating |
| NL151118B (en) * | 1950-01-19 | Hoechst Ag | ||
| DE1961454U (en) * | 1967-01-30 | 1967-06-01 | Erich Heidrich | DEVICE FOR BURNING LACQUERS ON WOOD. |
| DE2247861C3 (en) * | 1972-09-29 | 1975-05-15 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Device for removing paint residues |
| DE2721285C2 (en) * | 1972-09-29 | 1979-05-17 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Device for removing paint residues |
| DE2512603C2 (en) * | 1975-03-21 | 1977-03-03 | Siemens Ag | DEVICE FOR REMOVING PAINT RESIDUES |
| DE2536723C3 (en) * | 1975-08-18 | 1978-07-27 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Process for the production of a dial or shield with the help of a laser beam |
| FR2348486A1 (en) * | 1976-04-15 | 1977-11-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SAMPLE ANALYSIS BY EMISSION SPECTROGRAPHY USING A LASER BEAM |
| US4398961A (en) * | 1980-12-01 | 1983-08-16 | Mason Richard R | Method for removing paint with air stream heated by hot gas |
| DE3147230A1 (en) * | 1981-11-28 | 1983-06-09 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München | Method for applying characters to an elongated object |
| US4756765A (en) * | 1982-01-26 | 1988-07-12 | Avco Research Laboratory, Inc. | Laser removal of poor thermally-conductive materials |
| DE3335539C1 (en) * | 1983-09-30 | 1984-12-13 | Ewald 4133 Neukirchen-Vluyn Schwing | Plant for the stripping of metallic and ceramic objects |
| DE3335537C1 (en) * | 1983-09-30 | 1984-12-13 | Ewald 4133 Neukirchen-Vluyn Schwing | Plant for the stripping of metallic and ceramic objects |
| DE3347039A1 (en) * | 1983-12-24 | 1985-07-11 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe | METHOD FOR DETACHING OR. REMOVE PROTECTIVE COATINGS OR COATINGS APPLIED TO SURFACES |
| JPS6186636A (en) * | 1984-10-05 | 1986-05-02 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Emission spectrochemical analysis method of steel using laser |
| DE3501839A1 (en) * | 1985-01-22 | 1986-07-24 | Lambda Physik GmbH, 3400 Göttingen | Method and device for stripping insulation off wires |
| AT382558B (en) * | 1985-02-12 | 1987-03-10 | Kufstein Schablonentech Gmbh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A SCREEN PRINT TEMPLATE |
| DE3545144A1 (en) * | 1985-12-19 | 1987-06-25 | Johnsdorf Ernst Juergen | Method for applying characters and device for carrying out the method |
| DE3718402A1 (en) * | 1987-06-02 | 1988-12-22 | Ceram Optec Dr Neuberger Kg | Optical fibre decladding method |
| DE3718672A1 (en) * | 1987-06-04 | 1988-12-15 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | METHOD FOR ANALYZING METAL PARTICLES |
| US4960611A (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1990-10-02 | Kansai Paint Company, Limited | Method of remedying coating |
-
1989
- 1989-04-07 DE DE3911329A patent/DE3911329A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-03-17 DE DE59006096T patent/DE59006096D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-17 EP EP90105056A patent/EP0391113B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59006096D1 (en) | 1994-07-21 |
| DE3911329A1 (en) | 1990-10-11 |
| EP0391113A3 (en) | 1991-07-10 |
| EP0391113A2 (en) | 1990-10-10 |
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