EP1625771B1 - Method for heating components - Google Patents

Method for heating components Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1625771B1
EP1625771B1 EP04728098A EP04728098A EP1625771B1 EP 1625771 B1 EP1625771 B1 EP 1625771B1 EP 04728098 A EP04728098 A EP 04728098A EP 04728098 A EP04728098 A EP 04728098A EP 1625771 B1 EP1625771 B1 EP 1625771B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser
component
heating
turbine blade
heated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP04728098A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1625771A1 (en
Inventor
Stefan Oliver Czerner
Klaus Emiljanow
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MTU Aero Engines AG
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MTU Aero Engines GmbH
MTU Aero Engines AG
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Publication of EP1625771A1 publication Critical patent/EP1625771A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001Heating elements or systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0033Heating devices using lamps
    • H05B3/0038Heating devices using lamps for industrial applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for heating components before and / or during further processing thereof in the form of a laser build-up welding.
  • Components such as turbine blades of gas turbines, must be heated in the production and maintenance of the same to carry out a variety of machining processes. This warming is also known as preheating.
  • build-up welding In the maintenance of turbine blades, for example, so-called build-up welding is used.
  • build-up welding the preheating of the turbine blades to be welded to a desired process temperature is required. Only when the turbine blade to be welded has been heated to the process temperature and maintained at the desired process temperature during build-up welding can reliable surfacing be performed.
  • inductive systems are used for heating or for preheating of components.
  • Such inductive systems may be, for example, coils that heat the component based on inductive energy input.
  • the heating or preheating of components by means of inductive systems has the disadvantage that when heated or preheating high temperature tolerances of up to 50 ° C can be set on the component to be heated. This inaccurate temperature distribution on the component to be heated is disadvantageous.
  • inductive systems consume a great deal of energy.
  • Another disadvantage of inductive systems is that higher temperatures can occur in the interior of the component during heating or preheating than at the surface of the component. This can lead to damage to the component.
  • the document DE 197 20 652 A relates to a heating device and a method for heating a component.
  • a heat source for generating a locally different heat input is proposed in a component.
  • the heating source preferably has a plurality of radiation sources, in particular for heat radiation differently adjustable radiation power, the radiation sources should preferably be heating elements.
  • a preheating by means of high-energy laser, electron and plasma jets is conceivable, but it is noted that a uniform heating is problematic, and there is a risk of local melting.
  • a ceramic thermal barrier coating is to be applied to the warm component.
  • the document US-A-5,701,669 Protects a process for repairing turbine blades by buildup welding to restore the desired blade length.
  • a kind of mold made of sheet metal strips is fixed to a worn blade tip, which forms the weld and limits.
  • the mold is fixed with injection-molded plastic.
  • the welding process is preferably laser powder buildup welding. A component preheating is not provided for in this document.
  • the present invention is based on the problem to provide a novel method for heating components, which are subjected to a laser cladding.
  • At least one laser device is used for heating as an energy source, wherein a separate laser device is used for laser buildup welding.
  • laser devices By using laser devices to heat the component, a faster heating is achieved than in known from the prior art heating method. Furthermore, the use of laser devices ensures that no higher temperatures occur within the component to be heated than at its surfaces. Furthermore, laser devices have radiant energy with a narrow specific wavelength. As this provides for a defined energy input to the component and affects the result of the heating of the component advantageous.
  • setting angles with which the laser beams strike the or each surface of the component to be heated are adapted to the contour of the corresponding surface.
  • the homogeneity of the energy input is improved, especially in components such as turbine blades, which have different curved surfaces.
  • the heating of the component is measured and depending on the heating is controlled so that the performance of the or each laser device is adjusted to Erzeilung a desired temperature setpoint. This ensures compliance with the desired temperature setpoint, which is particularly advantageous if during the processing of the component of the temperature setpoint heating for a longer period should be met.
  • Fig. 1 to 3 each show different embodiments of the method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows very schematically a turbine blade 10 of a high-pressure turbine of an aircraft engine. It is now within the meaning of the present invention to heat the turbine blade 10 of the high-pressure turbine before and / or during further processing thereof. In the further processing of the turbine blade 10 may be, for example, so-called build-up welding.
  • At least one laser device is used as the energy source for heating or preheating the component.
  • laser devices diode lasers are preferably used. The use of the diode laser is particularly advantageous. Alternatively or in addition to the diode lasers, however, other sources of laser radiation can also be used as energy sources. Exemplary here called CO 2 laser, Nd laser, YAG laser or Eximer laser.
  • the turbine blade 10 to be heated is irradiated on two sides by the laser devices. This means that from two irradiation directions radiant energy to the turbine blade 10 to be heated or on the corresponding surfaces thereof is directed. So shows Fig. 1
  • the first arrows 11 visualize the irradiation of the turbine blade 10 to be heated from a first irradiation direction
  • the second arrows 12 visualize the irradiation thereof from a second irradiation direction.
  • the two directions of irradiation in the direction of the arrows 11 and 12 serve for the irradiation of two different surfaces of the turbine blade 10. Due to the laser radiation, the turbine blade 10 is heated.
  • the turbine blade 10 is irradiated from four directions. So shows Fig. 2 first arrows 13, second arrows 14, third arrows 15 and fourth arrows 16.
  • the first arrows 13 visualize a first direction of irradiation.
  • the second arrows 14 visualize a second irradiation direction, and the third and fourth arrows 15, 16 visualize a third and fourth irradiation direction, respectively.
  • four different surfaces of the turbine blade 10 are irradiated here.
  • the contour-tolerant loading of the turbine blade 10 with laser radiation energy can be improved, so that homogeneous heating of the turbine blade 10 can be achieved even with extremely curved surfaces of the turbine blade 10.
  • the exact selection or determination of the number of irradiation directions depends, as already mentioned, on the one hand on the component to be irradiated and on the other hand on the type of further processing of the component to be performed before and / or during the irradiation.
  • Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which the turbine blade 10 to be heated or preheated is irradiated from four directions via laser devices.
  • first arrows 17 visualize a first direction of irradiation
  • second arrows 18 a second direction of irradiation
  • third or fourth arrows 19 and 20 third and fourth irradiation directions.
  • the angles of incidence with which the laser beams impinge on the surfaces of the turbine blade 10 to be heated are adapted to the contour of the corresponding surfaces. So shows Fig.
  • the heating or preheating of the turbine blade 10 and thus the temperatures achieved at the respective surfaces of the turbine blade 10 are measured contactlessly over the surfaces.
  • This non-contact measurement is carried out using one or more pyrometers.
  • a pyrometer for temperature control is preferably used for each irradiation direction or for each surface of the turbine blade 10 to be irradiated or heated.
  • a pyrometer for temperature control is preferably used for each irradiation direction or for each surface of the turbine blade 10 to be irradiated or heated.
  • a pyrometer for temperature control is preferably used.
  • a pyrometer for temperature control is preferably used for each irradiation direction or for each surface of the turbine blade 10 to be irradiated or heated.
  • a pyrometer for temperature control is preferably used for each irradiation direction or for each surface of the turbine blade 10 to be irradiated or heated.
  • Fig. 1 would therefore be two pyrometers and in the embodiments according to Fig
  • the monitored by the non-contact temperature measurement heating or preheating of the component is used to control the heating of the turbine blade 10.
  • the or each pyrometer measures the temperature on the corresponding surface of the turbine blade 10 and a corresponding measurement signal is forwarded to a control device, not shown.
  • These measurement signals are from the controller in such a way further processed that a desired temperature setpoint is achieved on the corresponding surface.
  • the power of the laser devices is influenced by the control device. After the desired temperature setpoint has been reached, the further regulation of the temperature takes over the power control of the respective laser device.
  • diode lasers are preferably used as laser devices. Particularly advantageous is the use of diode lasers having a linear power output with linear control. Particularly preferably, the heating or preheating takes place when using diode lasers in a power range of 200 to 800 watts.
  • diode lasers allow radiant energy to be applied to the turbine blade 10 to be heated with a narrowly limited specific wavelength. Focal lengths with positive, negative and parallel energy propagation of the laser radiation energy can be used. Especially with long focal lengths and parallel energy radiation, a clearly defined processing surface can be achieved even with changing arrangement of the component to be heated or the turbine blade 10 to be heated in the beam path.
  • the defined wavelength of the diode laser enables a particularly good and defined limitation of the energy propagation. As a result, the surface of the turbine blade 10 to be heated can be precisely irradiated and heated.
  • Fig. 1 to 3 each show the parallel energy radiation from each of the irradiation directions.
  • the heating of the turbine blade 10 takes place in particular in connection with a further processing of the turbine blade 10 to be carried out before and / or during the heating.
  • Such machining, in which heating or preheating of the turbine blade 10 is required, is the so-called build-up welding or laser beam buildup welding.
  • the laser cladding is mainly used in the maintenance of gas turbines, in particular aircraft engines, use and it produces a metallurgical compound of basic and additional materials. This is how laser beam buildup welding becomes used in maintenance associated with wear zones on turbine blades, the wear zones primarily being the faces of turbine blades of high pressure turbines.
  • the method according to the invention for heating or preheating turbine blades 10 can be used particularly advantageously.
  • the method according to the invention serves for preheating the base material or the turbine blade to be serviced. These are heated, as described above in connection with the method according to the invention, using diode lasers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Erwärmung von Bauteilen vor und/oder während einer weiteren Bearbeitung derselben in Form eines Laser-Auftragschweißens.The invention relates to a method for heating components before and / or during further processing thereof in the form of a laser build-up welding.

Bauteile, wie zum Beispiel Turbinenschaufeln von Gasturbinen, müssen bei der Produktion bzw. Instandhaltung derselben zur Durchführung verschiedenster Bearbeitungsverfahren erwärmt werden. Diese Erwärmung wird auch als Vorwärmung bezeichnet.Components, such as turbine blades of gas turbines, must be heated in the production and maintenance of the same to carry out a variety of machining processes. This warming is also known as preheating.

Bei der Instandhaltung von Turbinenschaufeln kommt zum Beispiel das sogenannte Auftragschweißen zur Anwendung. Im Zusammenhang mit dem Auftragschweißen ist die Vorwärmung der zu schweißenden Turbinenschaufeln auf eine gewünschte Prozesstemperatur erforderlich. Nur dann, wenn die zu schweißende Turbinenschaufel auf die Prozesstemperatur erwärmt worden ist und während des Auftragschweißens auf der gewünschten Prozesstemperatur gehalten wird, kann ein zuverlässiges Auftragschweißen durchgeführt werden.In the maintenance of turbine blades, for example, so-called build-up welding is used. In the context of build-up welding, the preheating of the turbine blades to be welded to a desired process temperature is required. Only when the turbine blade to be welded has been heated to the process temperature and maintained at the desired process temperature during build-up welding can reliable surfacing be performed.

Nach dem Stand der Technik werden zur Erwärmung bzw. zur Vorwärmung von Bauteilen sogenannte induktive Systeme verwendet. Bei solchen induktiven Systemen kann es sich zum Beispiel um Spulen handeln, die auf Grundlage induktiver Energieeinbringung das Bauteil erwärmen. Die Erwärmung bzw. Vorwärmung von Bauteilen mittels induktiver Systeme verfügt über den Nachteil, dass sich bei der Erwärmung bzw. Vorwärmung hohe Temperaturtoleranzen von bis zu 50°C am zu erwärmenden Bauteil einstellen können. Diese ungenaue Temperaturverteilung am zu erwärmenden Bauteil ist nachteilhaft. Weiterhin verbrauchen derartige induktive Systeme sehr viel Energie. Ein weiterer Nachteil induktiver Systeme liegt darin, dass sich bei der Erwärmung bzw. Vorwärmung im Inneren des Bauteils höhere Temperaturen einstellen können als an der Oberfläche des Bauteils, Dies kann zu Beschädigungen am Bauteil führen.According to the prior art so-called inductive systems are used for heating or for preheating of components. Such inductive systems may be, for example, coils that heat the component based on inductive energy input. The heating or preheating of components by means of inductive systems has the disadvantage that when heated or preheating high temperature tolerances of up to 50 ° C can be set on the component to be heated. This inaccurate temperature distribution on the component to be heated is disadvantageous. Furthermore, such inductive systems consume a great deal of energy. Another disadvantage of inductive systems is that higher temperatures can occur in the interior of the component during heating or preheating than at the surface of the component. This can lead to damage to the component.

Das Dokument DE 197 20 652 A betrifft eine Beheizungsvorrichtung und eine Verfahren zur Erwärmung eines Bauteils. Darin wird eine Heizquelle zur Erzeugung eines lokal unterschiedlichen Wärmeeintrags in ein Bauteil vorgeschlagen. Die Heizquelle weist bevorzugt eine Mehrzahl von Strahlungsquellen, insbesondere für Wärmestrahlung, mit unterschiedlich einstellbarer Strahlungsleistung auf, Die Strahlungsquellen sollen vorzugsweise Heizstäbe sein. Es wird zwar erwähnt, dass auch eine Vorwärmung mittels energiereicher Laser-, Elektronen- und Plasmastrahlen denkbar ist, aber es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass eine gleichmäßige Durchwärmung damit problematisch ist, und die Gefahr eines lokalen Anschmelzens besteht. Nach dem Erwärmen soll insbesondere eine keramische Wärmedämmschicht auf das warme Bauteil aufgebracht werden.The document DE 197 20 652 A relates to a heating device and a method for heating a component. In it, a heat source for generating a locally different heat input is proposed in a component. The heating source preferably has a plurality of radiation sources, in particular for heat radiation differently adjustable radiation power, the radiation sources should preferably be heating elements. Although it is mentioned that a preheating by means of high-energy laser, electron and plasma jets is conceivable, but it is noted that a uniform heating is problematic, and there is a risk of local melting. After heating, in particular, a ceramic thermal barrier coating is to be applied to the warm component.

Das Dokument US-A-5 701 669 schützt ein Verfahren zur Reparatur von Turbinenschaufeln durch Auftragschweißen zur Wiederherstellung der Soll-Schaufellänge. Dabei wird an einer verschlissenen Schaufelspitze eine Art Kokille aus Blechstreifen fixiert, welche den Schweißauftrag formt und begrenzt. Die Kokille wird mit spritzgegossenem Kunststoff fixiert. Der Schweißprozess ist bevorzug ein Laser-Pulver-Auftragschweißen. Eine Bauteilvorwärmung ist nach diesem Dokument nicht vorgesehen.The document US-A-5,701,669 Protects a process for repairing turbine blades by buildup welding to restore the desired blade length. In this case, a kind of mold made of sheet metal strips is fixed to a worn blade tip, which forms the weld and limits. The mold is fixed with injection-molded plastic. The welding process is preferably laser powder buildup welding. A component preheating is not provided for in this document.

Hiervon ausgehend liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung das Problem zu Grunde, ein neuartiges Verfahren zur Erwärmung von Bauteilen zu schaffen, die einem Laser-Auftragschweißen unterzogen werden.On this basis, the present invention is based on the problem to provide a novel method for heating components, which are subjected to a laser cladding.

Dieses Problem wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß wird zur Erwärmung als Energiequelle mindestens eine Lasereinrichtung verwendet, wobei für das Laser-Auftragschweißen eine separate Lasereinrichtung zum Einsatz kommt.This problem is solved by a method having the features of claim 1. According to the invention, at least one laser device is used for heating as an energy source, wherein a separate laser device is used for laser buildup welding.

Durch die Verwendung von Lasereinrichtungen zur Erwärmung des Bauteils wird eine schnellere Erwärmung erzielt als bei aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Erwärmungsverfahren. Des weiteren wird durch die Verwendung von Lasereinrichtungen gewährleistet, dass innerhalb des zu erwärmenden Bauteils keine höheren Temperaturen auftreten als an seinen Oberflächen. Ferner verfügen Lasereinrichtungen über Strahlungsenergie mit einer eng begrenzbaren spezifischen Wellenlänge. Als dies sorgt für eine definierte Energieeinbringung auf das Bauteil und beeinflusst das Ergebnis der Erwärmung des Bauteils vorteilhaft.By using laser devices to heat the component, a faster heating is achieved than in known from the prior art heating method. Furthermore, the use of laser devices ensures that no higher temperatures occur within the component to be heated than at its surfaces. Furthermore, laser devices have radiant energy with a narrow specific wavelength. As this provides for a defined energy input to the component and affects the result of the heating of the component advantageous.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung werden Anstellwinkel, mit welchen die Laserstrahlen auf die oder jede Oberfläche des zu erwärmenden Bauteils treffen, an die Kontur der entsprechenden Oberfläche angepasst. Hierdurch wird die Homogenität der Energieeinbringung verbessert, insbesondere bei Bauteilen wie Turbinenschaufeln, die unterschiedlich gekrümmte Oberflächen aufweisen.According to an advantageous development of the invention, setting angles with which the laser beams strike the or each surface of the component to be heated are adapted to the contour of the corresponding surface. As a result, the homogeneity of the energy input is improved, especially in components such as turbine blades, which have different curved surfaces.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Erwärmung des Bauteils gemessen und abhängig hiervon wird die Erwärmung derart geregelt, dass die Leistung der oder jeder Lasereinrichtung zur Erzeilung eines gewünschten Temperatur-Sollwerts angepasst wird. Dies sorgt für die Einhaltung des gewünschten Temperatur-Sollwerts, was insbesondere dann vorteilhaft ist, wenn während der Bearbeitung des Bauteils der Temperatur-Sollwert der Erwärmung über eine längeren Zeitraum eingehalten werden soll.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heating of the component is measured and depending on the heating is controlled so that the performance of the or each laser device is adjusted to Erzeilung a desired temperature setpoint. This ensures compliance with the desired temperature setpoint, which is particularly advantageous if during the processing of the component of the temperature setpoint heating for a longer period should be met.

Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung. Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden, ohne hierauf beschränkt zu sein, an Hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigt:

Fig. 1:
eine stark schematisierte Anordnung mit einem zu erwärmenden Bauteil zur Verdeutlichung einer ersten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
Fig. 2:
eine stark schematisierte Anordnung mit einem zu erwärmenden Bauteil zur Verdeutlichung einer zweiten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens; und
Fig. 3:
eine stark schematisierte Anordnung mit einem zu erwärmenden Bauteil zur Verdeutlichung einer dritten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
Preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent subclaims and the following description. Embodiments of the invention will be described, without being limited thereto, with reference to the drawings. In the drawing shows:
Fig. 1:
a highly schematic arrangement with a component to be heated to illustrate a first embodiment of the method according to the invention;
Fig. 2:
a highly schematic arrangement with a component to be heated to illustrate a second embodiment of the method according to the invention; and
3:
a highly schematic arrangement with a component to be heated to illustrate a third embodiment of the method according to the invention.

Nachfolgend wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Erwärmung bzw. Vorwärmung von Bauteilen an der Vorwärmung einer Turbinenschaufel einer Gasturbine unter Bezugnahmen auf Fig. 1 bis 3 im Detail beschrieben. Die Fig. 1 bis 3 zeigen jeweils unterschiedliche Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.Hereinafter, the inventive method for heating or preheating of components on the preheating of a turbine blade of a gas turbine with references Fig. 1 to 3 described in detail. The Fig. 1 to 3 each show different embodiments of the method according to the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt stark schematisiert eine Turbinenschaufel 10 einer Hochdruckturbine eines Flugzeugtriebwerks. Es liegt nun im Sinne der hier vorliegenden Erfindung, die Turbinenschaufel 10 der Hochdruckturbine vor und/oder während einer weiteren Bearbeitung derselben zu erwärmen. Bei der weiteren Bearbeitung der Turbinenschaufel 10 kann es sich zum Beispiel um sogenanntes Auftragschweißen handeln. Fig. 1 shows very schematically a turbine blade 10 of a high-pressure turbine of an aircraft engine. It is now within the meaning of the present invention to heat the turbine blade 10 of the high-pressure turbine before and / or during further processing thereof. In the further processing of the turbine blade 10 may be, for example, so-called build-up welding.

Erfindungsgemäß wird zur Erwärmung bzw. Vorwärmung des Bauteils als Energiequelle mindestens eine Lasereinrichtung verwendet. Als Lasereinrichtungen kommen vorzugsweise Diodenlaser zum Einsatz. Der Einsatz der Diodenlaser ist besonderes vorteilhaft. Alternativ oder zusätzlich zu den Diodenlasern können jedoch auch andere Laserstrahlungsquellen als Energiequellen eingesetzt werden. Beispielhaft seinen hier CO2-Laser, Nd-Laser, YAG-Laser oder Eximer-Laser genannt.According to the invention, at least one laser device is used as the energy source for heating or preheating the component. As laser devices, diode lasers are preferably used. The use of the diode laser is particularly advantageous. Alternatively or in addition to the diode lasers, however, other sources of laser radiation can also be used as energy sources. Exemplary here called CO 2 laser, Nd laser, YAG laser or Eximer laser.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 wird die zu erwärmende Turbinenschaufel 10 zweiseitig von den Lasereinrichtungen bestrahlt. Dies bedeutet, dass aus zwei Bestrahlungsrichtungen Strahlungsenergie auf die zu erwärmende Turbinenschaufel 10 bzw. auf die entsprechenden Oberflächen derselben gerichtet wird. So zeigt Fig. 1 erste Pfeile 11 sowie zweite Pfeile 12. Die ersten Pfeile 11 visualisieren die Bestrahlung der zu erwärmenden Turbinenschaufel 10 aus einer ersten Bestrahlungsrichtung, die zweiten Pfeile 12 visualisieren die Bestrahlung derselben aus einer zweiten Bestrahlungsrichtung. Die beiden Bestrahlungsrichtungen im Sinne der Pfeile 11 und 12 dienen der Bestrahlung von zwei unterschiedlichen Oberflächen der Turbinenschaufel 10. Bedingt durch die Laserstrahlung wird die Turbinenschaufel 10 erwärmt.In the embodiment of Fig. 1 the turbine blade 10 to be heated is irradiated on two sides by the laser devices. This means that from two irradiation directions radiant energy to the turbine blade 10 to be heated or on the corresponding surfaces thereof is directed. So shows Fig. 1 The first arrows 11 visualize the irradiation of the turbine blade 10 to be heated from a first irradiation direction, the second arrows 12 visualize the irradiation thereof from a second irradiation direction. The two directions of irradiation in the direction of the arrows 11 and 12 serve for the irradiation of two different surfaces of the turbine blade 10. Due to the laser radiation, the turbine blade 10 is heated.

Nach dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 2 wird die Turbinenschaufel 10 aus vier Richtungen bestrahlt. So zeigt Fig. 2 erste Pfeile 13, zweite Pfeile 14, dritte Pfeile 15 sowie vierte Pfeile 16. Die ersten Pfeile 13 visualisieren eine erste Bestrahlungsrichtung. Die zweiten Pfeile 14 visualisieren eine zweite Bestrahlungsrichtung, und die dritten bzw. vierten Pfeile 15, 16 visualisieren eine dritte bzw. vierte Bestrahlungsrichtung. Damit werden hier vier unterschiedliche Oberflächen der Turbinenschaufel 10 bestrahlt. Durch die Erhöhung der Anzahl der Bestrahlungsrichtungen und damit die Erhöhung der Anzahl der verwendeten Lasereinrichtungen lässt sich die konturtolerante Beaufschlagung der Turbinenschaufel 10 mit Laserstrahlungsenergie verbessern, so dass eine homogene Erwärmung der Turbinenschaufel 10 auch bei extrem gekrümmten Oberflächen der Turbinenschaufel 10 erreicht werden kann.According to the embodiment of Fig. 2 The turbine blade 10 is irradiated from four directions. So shows Fig. 2 first arrows 13, second arrows 14, third arrows 15 and fourth arrows 16. The first arrows 13 visualize a first direction of irradiation. The second arrows 14 visualize a second irradiation direction, and the third and fourth arrows 15, 16 visualize a third and fourth irradiation direction, respectively. Thus, four different surfaces of the turbine blade 10 are irradiated here. By increasing the number of irradiation directions and thus increasing the number of laser devices used, the contour-tolerant loading of the turbine blade 10 with laser radiation energy can be improved, so that homogeneous heating of the turbine blade 10 can be achieved even with extremely curved surfaces of the turbine blade 10.

Es ist selbstverständlich, dass neben der in Fig. 1 gezeigten zweiseitigen Bestrahlung und neben der in Fig. 2 gezeigten vierseitigen Bestrahlung auch eine einseitige sowie dreiseitige Bestrahlung der Turbinenschaufel 10 denkbar ist.It goes without saying that in addition to the in Fig. 1 shown two-sided irradiation and next to the in Fig. 2 shown four-sided irradiation and a one-sided and three-sided irradiation of the turbine blade 10 is conceivable.

Die exakte Auswahl bzw. Bestimmung der Anzahl von Bestrahlungsrichtungen hängt, wie bereits erwähnt, einerseits vom zu bestrahlenden Bauteil ab und andererseits von der Art der vor und/oder während der Bestrahlung durchzuführenden weiteren Bearbeitung des Bauteils.The exact selection or determination of the number of irradiation directions depends, as already mentioned, on the one hand on the component to be irradiated and on the other hand on the type of further processing of the component to be performed before and / or during the irradiation.

Fig. 3 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, bei dem die zu erwärmende bzw. vorzuwärmende Turbinenschaufel 10 aus vier Richtungen über Lasereinrichtungen bestrahlt wird. So visualisieren erste Pfeile 17 eine erste Bestrahlungsrichtung, zweite Pfeile 18 eine zweite Bestrahlungsrichtung und dritte bzw. vierte Pfeile 19 bzw. 20 dritte und vierte Bestrahlungsrichtungen. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 3 sind die Anstellwinkel, mit welchem die Laserstrahlen auf die Oberflächen der zu erwärmenden Turbinenschaufel 10 auftreffen, an die Kontur der entsprechenden Oberflächen angepasst. So zeigt Fig. 3, dass die Laserstrahlen im Sinne der ersten Pfeile 17 mit einem anderen Winkel auf die Turbinenschaufel 10 auftreffen als die Laserstrahlen im Sinne der zweiten Pfeile 18. Durch die Anpassung der Anstellwinkel der Lasereinrichtungen in Bezug auf die jeweilige Oberfläche der zu erwärmenden Turbinenschaufel 10 lässt sich nochmals die Homogenität der Energieeinbringung bzw. Erwärmung der Turbinenschaufel 10 verbessern. Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which the turbine blade 10 to be heated or preheated is irradiated from four directions via laser devices. Thus, first arrows 17 visualize a first direction of irradiation, second arrows 18 a second direction of irradiation and third or fourth arrows 19 and 20 third and fourth irradiation directions. In the embodiment of Fig. 3 For example, the angles of incidence with which the laser beams impinge on the surfaces of the turbine blade 10 to be heated are adapted to the contour of the corresponding surfaces. So shows Fig. 3 in that the laser beams in the direction of the first arrows 17 impinge on the turbine blade 10 at a different angle than the laser beams in the sense of the second arrows 18. By adjusting the angles of incidence of the laser devices with respect to the respective surface of the turbine blade 10 to be heated, it is again possible improve the homogeneity of the energy input or heating of the turbine blade 10.

Allen Ausführungsbeispielen gemäß Fig. 1 bis 3 ist demnach gemeinsam, dass die Erwärmung der Turbinenschaufel 10 durch die Verwendung von Lasereinrichtungen als Energiequellen erfolgt. Die Energieeinbringung auf die zu erwärmende Turbinenschaufel 10 erfolgt demnach berührungslos über die Oberflächen der Turbinenschaufel 10.All embodiments according to Fig. 1 to 3 is therefore common that the heating of the turbine blade 10 by the use of laser devices as energy sources. The energy input to the turbine blade 10 to be heated is accordingly effected without contact via the surfaces of the turbine blade 10.

Es liegt weiterhin im Sinne der hier vorliegenden Erfindung, dass die Erwärmung bzw. Vorwärmung der Turbinenschaufel 10 und damit die an den jeweiligen Oberflächen der Turbinenschaufel 10 erzielten Temperaturen berührungslos über die Oberflächen gemessen werden. Diese berührungslose Messung erfolgt unter Einsatz eines oder mehrerer Pyrometer. Für jede Bestrahlungsrichtung bzw. für jede zu bestrahlende bzw. zu erwärmende Oberfläche der Turbinenschaufel 10 kommt dabei vorzugsweise ein Pyrometer zur Temperaturkontrolle zum Einsatz. Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 würden demnach zwei Pyrometer und in den Ausführungsbeispielen gemäß Figs. 3 und 4 jeweils vier Pyrometer zur Temperaturmessung an den jeweiligen Oberflächen verwendet. Daraus folgt unmittelbar, dass nicht nur die Energieeinbringung sondern auch die Temperaturmessung berührungslos über die Oberflächen der Turbinenschaufel 10 erfolgt.It is also within the meaning of the present invention that the heating or preheating of the turbine blade 10 and thus the temperatures achieved at the respective surfaces of the turbine blade 10 are measured contactlessly over the surfaces. This non-contact measurement is carried out using one or more pyrometers. For each irradiation direction or for each surface of the turbine blade 10 to be irradiated or heated, a pyrometer for temperature control is preferably used. In the embodiment of Fig. 1 would therefore be two pyrometers and in the embodiments according to Figs. 3 and 4 four pyrometers each for temperature measurement on the respective surfaces used. It follows immediately that not only the energy input but also the temperature measurement takes place without contact over the surfaces of the turbine blade 10.

Die mithilfe der berührungslosen Temperaturmessung überwachte Erwärmung bzw. Vorwärmung des Bauteils wird zu einer Reglung der Erwärmung der Turbinenschaufel 10 verwendet. So liegt es im Sinne der hier vorliegenden Erfindung, dass das oder jedes Pyrometer die Temperatur an der entsprechenden Oberfläche der Turbinenschaufel 10 misst und ein entsprechendes Messsignal an eine nicht-dargestellte Regeleinrichtung weitergeleitet wird. Diese Messsignale werden von der Regeleinrichtung derart weiterverarbeitet, dass ein gewünschter Temperatur-Sollwert an der entsprechenden Oberfläche erzielt wird. Hierzu wird die Leistung der Lasereinrichtungen von der Regeleinrichtung beeinflusst. Nachdem der gewünschte Temperatur-Sollwert erreicht wurde, übernimmt die weitere Regelung der Temperatur die Leistungsansteuerung der jeweiligen Lasereinrichtung.The monitored by the non-contact temperature measurement heating or preheating of the component is used to control the heating of the turbine blade 10. Thus, it is within the meaning of the present invention that the or each pyrometer measures the temperature on the corresponding surface of the turbine blade 10 and a corresponding measurement signal is forwarded to a control device, not shown. These measurement signals are from the controller in such a way further processed that a desired temperature setpoint is achieved on the corresponding surface. For this purpose, the power of the laser devices is influenced by the control device. After the desired temperature setpoint has been reached, the further regulation of the temperature takes over the power control of the respective laser device.

Wie bereits erwähnt, werden als Lasereinrichtungen vorzugsweise Diodenlaser verwendet. Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Verwendung von Diodenlasern, die eine lineare Leistungsabgabe bei linearer Ansteuerung aufweisen. Besonders bevorzugt erfolgt die Erwärmung bzw. Vorwärmung bei Verwendung von Diodenlasern in einen Leistungsbereich von 200 bis 800 Watt.As already mentioned, diode lasers are preferably used as laser devices. Particularly advantageous is the use of diode lasers having a linear power output with linear control. Particularly preferably, the heating or preheating takes place when using diode lasers in a power range of 200 to 800 watts.

Weiterhin ermöglichen Diodenlaser, dass Strahlungsenergie mit einer eng begrenzten spezifischen Wellenlänge auf die zu erwärmende Turbinenschaufel 10 eingebracht werden kann. Es können Brennweiten mit positiven, negativen und parallelen Energieausbreitungen der Laserstrahlungsenergie eingesetzt werden. Speziell bei langen Brennweiten und paralleler Energiestrahlung ist auch bei wechselnder Anordnung des zu erwärmenden Bauteils bzw. der zu erwärmenden Turbinenschaufel 10 im Strahlengang eine klar definierte Bearbeitungsfläche erzielbar. Die definierte Wellenlänge der Diodenlaser ermöglicht eine besonders gute sowie definierte Begrenzung der Energieausbreitung. Hierdurch kann die zu erwärmende Oberfläche der Turbinenschaufel 10 präzise bestrahlt und erwärmt werden. Fig. 1 bis 3 zeigen jeweils die parallele Energiestrahlung aus jeder der Bestrahlungsrichtungen.Furthermore, diode lasers allow radiant energy to be applied to the turbine blade 10 to be heated with a narrowly limited specific wavelength. Focal lengths with positive, negative and parallel energy propagation of the laser radiation energy can be used. Especially with long focal lengths and parallel energy radiation, a clearly defined processing surface can be achieved even with changing arrangement of the component to be heated or the turbine blade 10 to be heated in the beam path. The defined wavelength of the diode laser enables a particularly good and defined limitation of the energy propagation. As a result, the surface of the turbine blade 10 to be heated can be precisely irradiated and heated. Fig. 1 to 3 each show the parallel energy radiation from each of the irradiation directions.

Wie bereits mehrfach erwähnt, findet die Erwärmung der Turbinenschaufel 10 insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit einer vor und/oder während der Erwärmung durchzuführenden, weiteren Bearbeitung der Turbinenschaufel 10 statt. Eine derartige Bearbeitung, bei der eine Erwärmung bzw. Vorwärmung der Turbinenschaufel 10 erforderlich ist, ist das sogenannte Auftragschweißen bzw. Laserstrahl-Auftragschweißen.As already mentioned several times, the heating of the turbine blade 10 takes place in particular in connection with a further processing of the turbine blade 10 to be carried out before and / or during the heating. Such machining, in which heating or preheating of the turbine blade 10 is required, is the so-called build-up welding or laser beam buildup welding.

Das Laserstrahl-Auftragschweißen findet vor allem bei der Instandhaltung von Gasturbinen, insbesondere Flugzeugtriebwerken, Verwendung und es erzeugt eine metallurgische Verbindung von Grund- und Zusatzwerkstoffen. So wird das Laserstrahl-Auftragschweißen bei der Instandhaltung im Zusammenhang mit Verschleißzonen an Turbinenschaufeln benutzt, wobei es sich bei den Verschleißzonen in erster Linie um die Stirnflächen der Turbinenschaufeln von Hochdruckturbinen handelt. Bei einem derartigen Laserstrahl-Auftragschweißen kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Erwärmung bzw. Vorwärmung von Turbinenschaufeln 10 besonders vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden. So dient beim Laserstrahl-Auftragschweißen das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren der Vorwärmung des Grundwerkstoffs bzw. der instandzuhaltenden Turbinenschaufel. Diese werden, wie oben im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren beschrieben, unter Verwendung von Diodenlasern erwärmt. Bei der Ausnutzung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens im Zusammenhang mit dem Laser-Auftragschweißen hat sich gezeigt, dass mit Diodenlasern, die bei ca. 700 W betrieben werden, ein Temperatur-Sollwert von ca. 950 °C nach einer mittleren Aufwärmzeit von 30 s erreicht werden kann. Mit dem Laser-Auftragschweißungen kann nach 40 s begonnen werden, wobei die Zeitdifferenz von 10 s der Homogenisierung des Temperaturverlaufs innerhalb der zu bearbeitenden Turbinenschaufel dient. Zum eigentlichen Laser-Auftragschweißen werden dann separate Lasereinrichtungen verwendet.The laser cladding is mainly used in the maintenance of gas turbines, in particular aircraft engines, use and it produces a metallurgical compound of basic and additional materials. This is how laser beam buildup welding becomes used in maintenance associated with wear zones on turbine blades, the wear zones primarily being the faces of turbine blades of high pressure turbines. In the case of such laser beam buildup welding, the method according to the invention for heating or preheating turbine blades 10 can be used particularly advantageously. Thus, in laser beam buildup welding, the method according to the invention serves for preheating the base material or the turbine blade to be serviced. These are heated, as described above in connection with the method according to the invention, using diode lasers. When utilizing the method according to the invention in connection with laser cladding, it has been found that with diode lasers which are operated at about 700 W, a temperature setpoint of about 950 ° C. can be achieved after a mean warm-up time of 30 s , Laser build-up welding can be started after 40 s, whereby the time difference of 10 s serves to homogenize the temperature curve within the turbine blade to be machined. Separate laser devices are then used for the actual laser cladding.

Claims (9)

  1. Method for heating components, in particular components of gas turbines, before and/or during further processing of the same in the form of laser build-up welding, characterised in that at least one laser device is used for the heating as an energy source, with a separate laser device being employed for the laser build-up welding.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the component is irradiated at least on one side by the or each laser device.
  3. Method accord to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the component is irradiated with laser radiation on two sides from two irradiation directions, wherein preferably one laser device is used for each irradiation direction.
  4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the component is irradiated with laser radiation on all sides from a plurality of irradiation directions, wherein preferably one laser device is used for each irradiation direction.
  5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that angles of incidence, with which the laser beams meet with the or each surface of the component that is to be heated, are adapted to the contour of the corresponding surface.
  6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the rise in temperature of the component is measured and as a function thereof the heating is regulated in such a way that the output of the or each laser device is adapted in order to achieve a desired temperature setpoint value.
  7. Method according to claim 6, characterised in that the heating and measurement of the rise in temperature of the component are carried out in a contact-free manner.
  8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that one or more diode lasers are used as laser devices.
  9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the component is formed as a turbine blade of a gas turbine.
EP04728098A 2003-05-17 2004-04-17 Method for heating components Expired - Lifetime EP1625771B1 (en)

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DE10322344A DE10322344A1 (en) 2003-05-17 2003-05-17 Process for heating components
PCT/DE2004/000812 WO2004105436A1 (en) 2003-05-17 2004-04-17 Method for heating components

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EP1625771A1 (en) 2006-02-15
JP2007537877A (en) 2007-12-27
WO2004105436A1 (en) 2004-12-02
JP4500815B2 (en) 2010-07-14
DE10322344A1 (en) 2004-12-02

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