Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/001—Softening compositions
  • C11D3/0015—Softening compositions liquid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
  • C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
  • C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite

Definitions

• the present invention relates to wash or rinse-added fabric-softening compositions. More specifically it relates to such compositions containing a hectorite clay of natural origin, the clay being in the form of particles having a narrowly-defined layer charge distribution.
• Smectite clays are known fabric-softening agents, and their use in both detergent compositions and fabric-softening compositions has been disclosed in the art. Representative of this art is GB-B-1 400 898.
• clays of the type disclosed in GB-B-1 400 898 provide significant fabric softening benefits when used in a laundry detergent. Yet, it is equally well recognized that deposition of these clays onto the fabrics during the laundering process is far from complete; in fact, under typical European laundry conditions, less than half of the available clay is deposited onto the fabrics, the remainder being rinsed away with the laundry liquor during the subsequent rinsing steps. Moreover, the softening effect obtained as a result of the clay deposition is affected by factors that are not well understood.
• smectite clays have usually been used in combination with other ingedients, such as conventional rinse-added fabric softening actives.
• Illustrative of this art are : GB-A-1 519 605, disclosing fabric softening compositions containing mixtures of smectite clays and water-insoluble quaternary ammonium compounds; US-B-4,292,835 describing solid fabric softening compositions containing smectite clay complexed with an anionic surfactant, and fabric softening amines or salts thereof; EP-A-0 004 111 describing fabric-care compositions consisting of aqueous dispersion of a smectite-clay and a gelatinized vegetable starch.
• Smectite clay agglomerates are also known in the art, such as in US-B-4 609 473, disclosing agglomerates of a conventional fabric-softening smectite-clay and sodium sulfate.
• Both particulate compositions containing from 15% to 100%, preferably from 50% to 95% of the hectorite clay, and aqueous dispersions, containing from 0.5% to 30%, preferably from 2% to 15% by weight of the hectorite clay, are encompassed.
• the essential component of the present compositions consists of a particular smectite-type fabric-softening clay.
• Smectite clays can be described as three-layer expandable materials, consisting of alumino-silicates or magnesium silicates, having an ion-exchange capacity of at least 50 meq/100 g of clay.
• the present hectorite clays are selected on the basis of their layer charge properties.
• the value of (x+y) is the layer charge of the hectorite clay.
• the hectorite clays suitable for the compositions of the present invention have a layer charge distribution such that at least 50% is in the range of from 0.23 to 0.31.
• hectorite clays of natural origin having a layer charge distribution such that at least 65% is in the range of from 0.23 to 0.31.
• the layer charge distribution of the clay material can be determined using its swelling in the presence of cationic surfactants having specific chain lengths. This method is described in detail by Lagaly and Weiss, Zeitschrift fuer Planzenernaehrung und Bodentechnik, 130(1), 1971, pages 9-24, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• the method consists of a battery of tests, known in the detergent industry as the KES-F system of Kawabata.
• the method is described in S. Kawabata, "The standardization and Analysis of Hand Evaluation", 2nd Ed., Textile Mach. Soc. of Japan, Osaka, 1980, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• Particularly useful to characterize present softening clays is the shear hysteresis parameter 2HG5, one of the parameters of the KES-F system.
• the shear hysteresis parameter 2HG5 is discussed in more detail in Finnimore and Koenig, Melliand Textilberichte 67 (1986) pages 514-516, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• the clays employed in the compositions of the instant invention contain counterions, such as protons, sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions, and the like. It is customary to distinguish between clays on the basis of one cation predominantly or exclusively absorbed. For example, a sodium clay is one in which the absorbed cation is predominantly sodium.
• a calcium clay is one in which the absorbed cation is predominantly calcium.
• the hectorite clays of the present invention should preferably be sodium clays, for better softening activity.
• Sodium clays are either naturally occuring, or are naturally-occuring calcium-clays which have been treated so as to convert them to sodium-clays. If calcium-clays are used in the present compositions, a salt of sodium can be added to the compositions in order to convert the calcium clay to a sodium clay. Preferably, such a salt is sodium carbonate, typically added at levels of up to 5% of the total amount of clay.
• hectorite clays suitable for the present compositions include Bentone EW and Macaloid, from NL Chemicals, N.J., U.S.A., and hectorites from Industrial Mineral Ventures.
• compositions of the present invention can be either in particulate form, or in the form of an aqueous dispersion of the clay particles, depending on the required conditions of utilization.
• composition of the invention can be added during the main wash stage or during a rinse cycle of the washing process;
• Particulate compositions according to the present invention contain from 15% to 100%, preferably from 50% to 95% by weight of the hectorite clay.
• the particulate compositions herein are represented by three main executions : In one execution, the particulate compositions are a simple mixture of the clay particles; In the second execution, the particulate compositions consist of agglomerates of the clay particles without, or (as it is preferred), with additional materials.
• the third execution consists of a specific "agglomerate" execution for use especially in a rinse cycle of a washing process, where the clay particles are agglomerated together with a binding/dispersing agent.
• agglomerates When agglomerates are prepared, they should have a median diameter of from about 75 microns to about 2000 microns, preferably a median diameter of from about 100 microns and about 1250 microns, most preferably from about 300 microns to about 1000 microns.
• the clay agglomerates are preferably screened so as to separate agglomerates less than about 75 microns, preferably less than about 100 microns, and greater than about 2000 microns, preferably greater than about 1250 microns.
• Agglomeration methods and equipment suitable for use herein include those methods known in the art.
• Non-limiting examples of the equipment suitable for agglomeration of clay from smaller particles include a Dravo pan agglomerator, Loedige agglomeration KG/Schugi Blender-Granulator, whirling knife continuous vertical fluidized bed agglomerator.
• agglomerates as defined herein
• a spray drying tower and a prilling tower.
• the particulate compositions consist of agglomerates of clay particles with a binding/dispersing agent
• the following methods can be used : an aqueous mixture of water and the binding/dispersing agent can be first prepared and slowly added to the clay while the clay is subjected to the mechanical agitation of the agglomeration equipment.
• the binding/dispersing agent can be added and mixed with the slurry prior to formation of the clay into relatively small particles by, for example, prilling or spray drying. These particles can then be agglomerated into the agglomerate range defined above. Alternately, agglomerates encompassed by said size range can be formed directly from the slurry by the same general processing methods. In the former case, the particles are preferably agglomerated with the use of an aqueous solution which contains more of a binding/dispersing agent.
• Preferred binding/dispersing agents are water-soluble inorganic salts. These can include sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, potassium carbonate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, lithium sulfate, lithium carbonate, sodium citrate, and sodium sesquicarbonate. Preferred are sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate.
• the agglomerates may contain from up to about 40%, preferably from 10% to about 35% of a water insoluble inorganic salt, based upon the total weight of the agglomerate.
• Another type of binding/dispersing agent that and be used, alone or in combination with a water insoluble inorganic salt, which can be used at levels of from 0.5 to 70% by weight of the agglomerates includes surfactants. These include surfactants commonly use as detersives in laundry detergents (though they will be present in substantially lower concentrations in the present agglomerates, especially when these are added at the rinse stage).
• the surfactants suitable for use can comprise an anionic, nonionic, ampholytic or zwitterionic surfactant or a mixture thereof.
• Nonionic surfactants, or other surfactants, that can interfere with clay deposition should be used in low amounts only, preferably less than about 10% of the weight of the agglomerate.
• Anionic surfactants are preferred.
• Typical anionic surfactants are the alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl- and alkylether sulfates, paraffin sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkoxylated (especially ethoxylated) alcohols and alkyl phenols, amine oxides, alpha-sulfonates of fatty acids and of fatty acid esters, and the like, which are well-known from the detergency art.
• such surfactants contain an alkyl group in the C8-C26 range, more generally in the C8-C18 range.
• anionic surfactants can be used in the form of their sodium, potassium or triethanolammonium salts :
• Anionic phosphate surfactants are also useful in the present invention. These are surface active materials in which the anionic solubilizing group connecting hydrophobic moieties is an oxy acid of phosphorus.
• the more common solubilizing groups of course are -SO4H and -SO3H.
• Alkyl phosphate esters such as (R--O)2PO2H and ROPO3H2 in which R represents an alkyl chain containing from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms are useful herein.
• Suitable nonionic surfactants useful in the present invention include those obtained by the condensation of one to twelve ethylene oxide moieties with a C10-C18 aliphatic alcohol.
• the alcohol may be completely linear as occurs in petroleum derived alcohols made by oxo-type synthesis.
• Other nonionic materials are C14-C15 alcohol condensed with an average of seven ethylene oxide groups.
• C12-C13 alcohol condensed with an average of about four ethylene oxide groups and then subjected to stripping to remove unethoxylated and low ethoxylated materials, to leave an ethoxylated having a mean of 4.5 ethylene oxide groups.
• Suitable zwitterionic materials include derivatives of quaternary ammonium compounds containing an aliphatic straight chain group of 14-18 carbon atoms and a sulfate or sulfonate anionic solubilizing group. Specific examples include 3-N, N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio-2-hydroxpropane-1-sulfonates; 3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-tallowylammonio)-2-hydroxypropane-­1-sulfonate; 3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-tetradecyl amonio)-propane-1-sulfonate; and 6-(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonion)-hexanoate.
• Aqueous dispersions according to the present invention contain from 0.5% to 30%, preferably from 2% to 15% by weight of the hectorite clay.
• the aqueous dispersions are typically prepared by adding the clay under high-speed stirring to deionized water.
• the following additives will be used either in lieu of the binding/dispersing agents described above, or, if needed, in addition to these binding dispersing agents, in the specific rinse-added execution described above.
• Clay-flocculating agents are very well known in industries like oil well drilling, and for ore flotation in metallurgy. Most of these materials are fairly long chain polymers and copolymers derived from such monomers as ethylene oxide, acrylamide, acrylic acid, dimethylamino ethyl metacrylate, vinyl alcohol, vinyl pyrrolidone, ethylene imine. Gums, like guar gum, are suitable as well.
• polymers of ethylene oxide, acryl amide, or acrylic acid are preferred. It has been found that these polymers enhance the deposition of a fabric softening clay if their weights (weight average) are in the range of from 100,000 to 10 million. Preferred are such polymers having a (weight average) molecular weight of from 150.000 to 5 million.
• the most preferred polymer is poly (ethylene oxide).
• Molecular weight distributions can be readily determined using gel permeation chromatography, against standards of poly (ethylene oxide) of narrow molecular weight distributions.
• compositions herein may comprise, from 0.05% to 20%, by weight of the clay, of clay flocculating agent, if its molecular weight is 150.000 - 800.000 and from 0.005% to 2%, by weight of the clay, if its molecular weight is from 800.000 to 5 million.
• Clay-flocculating agents can be used in both aqueous dispersion and particulate forms of the present compositions.
• agents suitable as dispersing aids in both aqueous dispersions and particulate compositions herein, can be advantageously selected from polycarboxylates of relatively low molecular weight (as compared to above clay-flocculating polymers).
• polycarboxylates can be copolymers of an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid such as maleic acid, as first monomer, and an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid such as acrylic acid as second monomer.
• the polycarboxylates herein are homopolymers, having a molecular weight in the range of from 1000 to 10.000, most preferably polyacrylates.
• Such polycarboxylate dispersing aids may be used at levels of from 10% to 100%, preferably 20% to 50% by weight of the clay, in an aqueous dispersion execution, or from 5% to 50% by weight of the total composition in a particulate composition execution.
• a stabilizing agent can be selected from conventional metal sequestering and chelating agents, well known used in the detergency art. Preferred for use herein are chelating agents, such as amino phosphonic acids and salts thereof.
• Above stabilizing agent can be used at levels of from 0.1% to 5% by weight of the clay.
• An organic humectant may also be used in the compositions of the present invention.
• Organic humectants may be any of the various water soluble materials utilized for such a purpose.
• the organic humectants are preferably selected from the group consisting of a) aliphatic hydrocarbon polyols having from 2 to 9 carbon atoms; b) ether alcohols derived from the polyols of a); c) ester alcohols derived from the polyols of a); d) mono- and oligosaccharides; and mixtures thereof.
• Higly preferred humectants include glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and the dimers and trimers of glycerol, of ethylene glycol and of propylene glycol.
• compositions herein may comprise humectant levels from 0.5% to 30%, preferably from 2% to 15%, by weight of the clay.
• ingredients which can be used in the present compositions include ingredients such as perfumes, dyes, preservatives, germicides, anti-yellowing agents, and also : - for the particulate compositions, especially the agglomerates, organic adhesives such as dextrin, gelatine, carboxymethylcellulose, starch. - for the aqueous dispersions, antisettling agents such as organo-clays, like the Bentone R family, or fumed silicas.
• the textile-softening compositions of the present invention preferably contain only the present hectorite clay as softening agent; alternatively, the present compositions may further contain, in addition to the clay material, an organic softening agent.
• the co-softening agents can be choosen among well-known fabric-softening materials typically used in rinse-added softening compositions and mixtures thereof.
• Such materials include quaternary ammonium compounds, such as ditallowdimethylammonium chloride, and similar compounds where at least one of the tallow chain is interrupted by an ester linkage such as described in EP-A-293 952.
• co-softening agents are also the amines disclosed in EP-A-199 383, in particular the substituted cyclic amines disclosed therein.
• Suitable are imidazolines of the general formula 1-(higher alkyl) amido (lower alkyl)-2-(higher alkyl)imidazoline wherein higher alkyl is alkyl having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, and lower alkyl is alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• a preferred cyclic amine is 1-tallowamidoethyl-2-tallowimidazoline.
• the following softening-through-the wash organic co-softening agents may be used : - amines of the formula R1R2R3N, wherein R1 is C6 to C20 hydrocarbyl, R2 is C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl, and R3 is C1 to C10 hydrocarbyl or hydrogen.
• R1 is C6 to C20 hydrocarbyl
• R2 is C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl
• R3 is C1 to C10 hydrocarbyl or hydrogen.
• a preferred amine of this type is ditallowmethylamine.
• R10R11NCOR12 amides of the formula R10R11NCOR12, wherein R10 and R11 are independently selected from C1-C22 alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxy alkyl, aryl, and alkyl-aryl groups; R12 is hydrogen, or a C1-C22 alkyl or alkenyl, an aryl or alkyl-aryl group.
• R10 and R11 are independently selected from C1-C22 alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxy alkyl, aryl, and alkyl-aryl groups
• R12 is hydrogen, or a C1-C22 alkyl or alkenyl, an aryl or alkyl-aryl group.
• Preferred examples of these amides are ditallow acetamide and ditallow benzamide.
• organic co-softening agents are preferably (releasably) encapsulated by suitable materials which, while ensuring the proper release of the organic material in the wash or rinse water, remain stable and avoid negative interactions, upon storage of the products.
• Example # Ingredient (all wt. percentages III IV V VI VII Bentone EW (NL Industries) 90% 67% 90% 76.5% 76.5% Sodium Carbonate 10% 33% - - 15.0% Sodium Sulfate - - 10% 15.0% - Silica/dye composite - - 8.5% 8.5%
• Bentone EW can be replaced, in whole or part, with Macoloid (NL Industries), IMV Hectorite (Industrial Mineral Ventures), while still providing excellent results.
• Macoloid NL Industries
• IMV Hectorite Industrial Mineral Ventures
• compositions can be prepared by agglomerating the clay in a commercial food processor, or other agglomeration equipment known in the art, with a solution of the salt dissolved in deionized water (e.g. 15.0 g salt per 30.0 ml water).
• deionized water e.g. 15.0 g salt per 30.0 ml water.
• the salt solution should be slowly added during the agglomeration procedure.
• the resulting product can be air-dried at ambient temperature.
• a water-soluble dye can be incorporated into the composition.
• a carrier such as formed silica gel particles (e.g. Syloid R 234)
• a dye solution e.g. 1.0 gram of F.D. & C Blue #1 per 30 ml of deionized water
• the silica/dye particles can then be agglomerated, preferably with an aqueous salt solution (15.0 g Na2SO4 in 30.0 ml deionized water), air dried, and admixed with the clay particles.
• the agglomerated clay and silica/dye particles are screended with testing sieves known in the art to, separate agglomerates less than 100 microns and greater than 1250 mcicrons.
• the hectorite is used in its sodium form.
• the clay can also be used in its calcium form and converted to its sodium form during agglomeration,as shown in Ex. VIII.
• Aqueous Dispersions :
• Bentone EW a highly purified hectorite clay from Hector CA (USA), available from NL Chemicals, NJ.
• the clay particles have a lath shape and a lenght/width ratio of 10:1 or higher (TEM data).
• Layer Charge Distribution more than 65% in the range of from 0.23 to 0.31; sodium form.
• Prewash Cotton/Polyester (86%/14%) terry cloths (Style 4025, Dundee Mills, Griffin, GA) that are 11 X 11 square inches (27.9 X 27.9 square cm) and weigh about 50g each are used for the Relative Deposition test.
• the cloths are washed two times with a conventional non-clay containing detergent formulation (shown below) in 0 grain/gallon water at 125°F (52°C) for 12 minutes each, then washed two times in 0 grain/gallon water at 125°F (52°C) without detergent and dried in a Whirlpool 3 Cycle Portable Dryer (Model #LE4905XM, Whirlpool Corp., Benton Harbor, MI).
• Prewash Detergent Composition Ingredient %(Wt.) C12 Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (Na Salt) 4.1 Tallow Alcohol Sulfate (Na Salt) 5.0 Neodol R 23-6.5 (Alkyl Ethoxylate) 2.0 Tallow Soap 1.9 Sodium Tripolyphosphate 32.0 Silicate 6.5 Water and Miscellaneous --balance to 100-- Test Wash: A miniwasher with five pots (such as those manufactured by Yorktown Tool & Die Corp., Yorktown, IN) is used.
• a load of fabrics weighing about 341g and including test fabrics of four of the prewashed terry cloths, six polyester/cotton (65%/35%) 11 x 1 square inch (27.9 x 27.9 square cm) swatches (product #7435, Test Fabrics, Middlesex, NJ) weighing a total of about 37g, three 11 X 11 inch nylon swatches (product #322, Test Fabrics) weighing a total of about 18g, three 11 X 11 inch polyester swatches (product #720-H, Test Fabrics) weighing a total of about 44g, and one polyacrylic sock (Burlington Socks, Balfour Inc., Asheboro, NC) weighing about 42g are added to the wash water.
• Test Wash Detergent Composition Ingredient % (Wt.) C13 Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate 9.0 C14 ⁇ 15 Alkyl Sulfate 9.0 Neodol R 23-6.5T (Alkyl ethoxylate) 1.5 (Mfg. by Shell Chem. Co.) Sodium Tripolyphosphate 38.4 Silicate 14.6 Sodium Carbonate 21.3 Water and Miscellaneous --balance to 100---
• the deposition of the clay containing compositions is calculated based on the deposition of silicon (Si) of terry cloth swatches washed with the test wash detergent composition relative to terry cloth swatches that were prewashed but not subjected to the test wash procedure (blank swatches).
• Silicon deposition is determined by measurement of the X-ray fluorescence of the silicon. Each Silicon fluorescence is measured in the following manner: An EDAX 9500 X-ray fluorescence unit with a rhodium anode X-ray source (Philips Electronics, Inc., Cincinnati, OH) is used. Each terry cloth swatch is analyzed for 100 live seconds. Count rate of Si (on a per second basis) for each sample is measured and recorded.
• Relative Deposition of clay is calculated by the following equation: wherein, STF is the Si count rate of clay-treated terry cloth fabric, SFB is the Si count rate of blank terry cloth fabric and SW is the Si count rate of a clay sample wafer (pressed clay particles of same area of terry cloth fabric). Count rates of Si for the clay sample wafer and clay deposition on fabric are measured as follows:
• compositions are compared for softening performance in the rinse-stage of a washing machine. Tests are conducted in a Miele washing machine, using cotton loads (clean or soiled). Softness is measured after 1 cycle.

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• 1989
  • 1989-12-13 EP EP19890203176 patent/EP0387426B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
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  • 1989-12-19 MA MA21962A patent/MA21701A1/fr unknown
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  • 1989-12-21 DK DK653789A patent/DK653789A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
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