EP0387186B1 - Dispositif d'injection du combustible dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne à mouvement alternatif - Google Patents

Dispositif d'injection du combustible dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne à mouvement alternatif

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Publication number
EP0387186B1
EP0387186B1 EP90810031A EP90810031A EP0387186B1 EP 0387186 B1 EP0387186 B1 EP 0387186B1 EP 90810031 A EP90810031 A EP 90810031A EP 90810031 A EP90810031 A EP 90810031A EP 0387186 B1 EP0387186 B1 EP 0387186B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
fuel
injection
piston
valve needle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90810031A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0387186A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Scherrer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wartsila Finland Oy
Original Assignee
Sulzer AG
Winterthur Gas and Diesel AG
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sulzer AG, Winterthur Gas and Diesel AG, Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical Sulzer AG
Publication of EP0387186A1 publication Critical patent/EP0387186A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0387186B1 publication Critical patent/EP0387186B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injection device with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the annular space surrounding the valve needle in the injection nozzle is connected to the fuel injection pump via the pressure line.
  • the valve needle is pressed against the seat surface in the closing direction by the force of a compression spring.
  • An opening movement of the valve needle is brought about against this spring force by the pressure of the fuel in the annular space, which acts on the difference surface or shoulder caused by the different cross sections at the transition from the guide section to the other section of the valve needle.
  • the opening pressure is generally 1.3 to 2 times higher than the closing pressure.
  • the closing pressure must be higher than the pressure in the combustion chamber to ensure that the valve needle closes properly.
  • the fuel pressure in front of the spray holes rises to a pressure maximum, after which the fuel pressure drops sharply against the closing pressure.
  • a pressure maximum is approximately 1500 bar.
  • the pressure curve over the stroke of the valve needle essentially shows the shape of a triangle. With this pressure profile, continuity in the sense that the delivery rate of the fuel injection pump is equal to the amount of fuel flowing out of the injection holes cannot be achieved.
  • the maximum amount of fuel flowing out of the spray holes is approximately 60% of the amount currently being delivered by the fuel injection pump. The remaining amount delivered by the fuel injection pump is used to "inflate" the system between the pressure chamber of the pump and the spray holes. The energy required for this additional compression work must be reapplied for each injection process.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the injection device of the type mentioned in such a way that the pressure curve over the stroke of the valve needle is substantially rectangular in shape, so that the injection duration can be shortened with the same injection quantity.
  • the difference between the maximum pressure and the closing pressure should be reduced so that the atomization of the fuel remains as good as possible even towards the end of the injection phase.
  • a fuel injection device is known in which the injection nozzle is connected to a storage space which is filled with fuel to be injected by a feed pump which e.g. is under a pressure of 1000 bar and holds the valve needle in the closed position between the injection phases via a piston, the cross section of which is larger than the guide section of the valve needle.
  • the injection itself is carried out by a separate hydraulic control device, which the pressure medium, which can be fuel, by means of a further feed pump under a pressure of e.g. 200 bar is supplied.
  • valve needle is firmly connected to a control piston, the cross section of which is considerably larger than that of the first-mentioned piston and the piston side facing the valve needle is acted upon by pressure medium via the control device when the valve needle is to open.
  • the aim of this injection device is to ensure that the pulsating pressure of the pressure medium is at a low level.
  • the fuel injection pump 1 shown on the right in FIG. 1 has a pump piston 2, which is moved up and down in the usual way by a cam, not shown.
  • a cylinder 3 surrounding the pump piston 2 has radial bores 4 which open into an annular space 5 surrounding the cylinder, to which the fuel to be injected is supplied at a relatively low pressure in a manner not shown.
  • An upper control edge 6 and a lower control edge 7 cooperate with the bores 4, which are located on the pump piston 2 and which determine the start or end of delivery of the pump 1 during the upward movement of the pump piston 2.
  • a pressure line 9 leads from the pressure chamber 8 of the pump 1 to an injection nozzle 10.
  • the injection nozzle 10 consists essentially of two housing parts 11 and 12, which are held together by a union nut 13.
  • a valve needle 14 is arranged in the lower housing part 12 and has an upper guide section 14 'with the diameter D and a lower section 14' 'with a smaller diameter d.
  • a conical surface adjoins valve needle 14, which cooperates with a conical seat surface 15 in housing part 12.
  • the section 14 ′′ is surrounded by an annular space 16. Below the seat 15, from a space 17 of the housing part 12, there are spray holes 18 which open into the combustion chamber 19 of the cylinder of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine of the diesel type, not shown in detail.
  • the upper housing part 11 of the injection nozzle 10 has a storage space 20 for the fuel to be injected, which is connected to the pressure line 9 via a channel 21.
  • the storage space is in operation Injector full of fuel, ie it does not contain a gas cushion.
  • a check valve 22 is arranged in the channel 21, which prevents fuel from flowing back from the storage space 20 into the pressure line 9.
  • the storage space 20 is connected to the annular space 16 via a channel 23 extending through the housing parts 11 and 12.
  • a compression spring 25 is arranged which presses the piston 24 in the direction of the valve needle 14 and supports its closing movement.
  • the end face of the piston 24 facing away from the storage space 20 is under the influence of the fuel pressure in the pressure line 9 via a channel 27, in that the channel 27 branches off from the channel 21 in front of the check valve 22 in the flow direction of the fuel.
  • a push rod 28 is provided in the housing part 11 for transmitting motion.
  • the device works as follows: The storage effect results essentially from the elasticity of the fuel enclosed in the space 20 and that of the wall that surrounds this space.
  • the storage space 20 is filled with fuel under a storage pressure Psp from 1300 to 1400 bar at full load of the internal combustion engine from the previous injection processes, which loads the upper end face of the piston 24 (see dashed line Psp in the left area of FIG. 2).
  • the Storage pressure Psp also acts on the differential area (Dd) at the transition from section 14 'to section 14''of valve needle 14. Since this differential area is significantly smaller than the upper end face of piston 24, nozzle needle 14 is moved by piston 24 in the closed position held.
  • the storage pressure Psp decreases somewhat, whereas the pump pressure Pp increases further until the pressure in the Storage space exceeds and the check valve 22 is opened (see. Time M in Fig. 2).
  • the piston 24 is ineffective because its two end faces are acted upon by the same pressure.
  • the pressure varies somewhat after the check valve 22 has been opened.
  • a fuel pump can also be used in which the start and end of delivery are controlled by closing a suction valve or by opening an overflow valve.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Dispositif d'injection de carburant dans la chambre de combustion (19) d'un moteur à combustion interne à pistons à mouvements alternatifs, comprenant une pompe (1) d'injection de carburant qui commande le processus d'injection et un injecteur (10) raccordé au conduit (9) de refoulement de cette pompe et comprenant un pointeau (14) coopérant avec une surface de siège (15) et ayant un tronçon cylindrique de guidage (14') se trouvant du côté opposé à celui de la surface de siège et dont la section est supérieure à celle d'un tronçon cylindrique (14'') voisin de la surface de siège et entouré d'une chambre annulaire (16) à partir de laquelle le carburant s'écoule cycliquement, par soulèvement du pointeau (14) de la surface de siège (15), vers au moins un trou d'injection (18) débouchant dans la chambre de combustion (19), le soulèvement cyclique étant produit par la pression générée par la pompe d'injection de carburant, caractérisé en ce qu'une chambre de réserve (20) remplie de carburant et dans laquelle le conduit de refoulement (9) débouche par l'intermédiaire d'une soupape de retenue (22) est prévue, en ce qu'un piston (24) disposé dans l'injecteur (10), soumis à la pression du carburant régnant dans la chambre de réserve (20), orienté vers le tronçon de guidage (14') du pointeau (14) et agissant sur ce dernier a une section supérieure à la section du tronçon de guidage (14') du pointeau et sa surface extrême tournée vers le tronçon de guidage est exposée à la pression du carburant régnant dans le conduit de refoulement (9) en amont de la soupape de retenue (22) et en ce qu'un canal (23) mène de la chambre de réserve (20) à la chambre annulaire (16).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un ressort de compression (25) agissant sur le piston (24) est disposé dans la chambre de réserve (20).
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de réserve (20) est disposée dans l'injecteur (10) sur le côté du piston (24) qui est tourné à l'opposé du tronçon de guidage (14').
EP90810031A 1989-03-06 1990-01-15 Dispositif d'injection du combustible dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne à mouvement alternatif Expired - Lifetime EP0387186B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH823/89A CH678086A5 (fr) 1989-03-06 1989-03-06
CH823/89 1989-03-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0387186A1 EP0387186A1 (fr) 1990-09-12
EP0387186B1 true EP0387186B1 (fr) 1993-10-20

Family

ID=4196031

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90810031A Expired - Lifetime EP0387186B1 (fr) 1989-03-06 1990-01-15 Dispositif d'injection du combustible dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne à mouvement alternatif

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0387186B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2953667B2 (fr)
CH (1) CH678086A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE59003108D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0387186T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI103602B (fr)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1242368A (fr) * 1959-08-20 1960-09-30 Renault Perfectionnement à certains montages notamment applicables aux injecteurs de combustibles à accumulation
FR1351593A (fr) * 1962-12-20 1964-02-07 Perfectionnements aux procédés et appareils d'injection de combustible dans les moteurs à combustion interne
NL132979C (fr) * 1968-11-01
JPS5694854U (fr) * 1979-12-21 1981-07-28

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Sulzer-Broschüre "Die Theorie des Dieselmotors", S. 58, 60, 64 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH678086A5 (fr) 1991-07-31
FI103602B1 (fi) 1999-07-30
JPH02267364A (ja) 1990-11-01
FI103602B (fi) 1999-07-30
EP0387186A1 (fr) 1990-09-12
DK0387186T3 (da) 1993-12-06
FI900396A0 (fi) 1990-01-25
JP2953667B2 (ja) 1999-09-27
DE59003108D1 (de) 1993-11-25

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