EP0382877A2 - Apparatus for smoothing and thicknessing wooden work pieces of any size, particularly short and thin pieces - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a machine for surface and thickness working of wood workpieces of any dimensions, in particular short and thin workpieces without rigid clamping of the workpiece, consisting of a machine housing, a movable working table, a two-part baseplate with circular cutout into which a face of a milling head provided with fixed and exchangeable cutting edges is inserted. In the head, there is a guide insert. An upper guide strip is disposed in exactly the same plane as the cutting edge apex on the milling head and also in the same plane as a stationary portion of the baseplate. At least two working spindles, set at predetermined angles, are provided. The workpiece slides on the two-part baseplate guided by two flank guide rails and an upper guide strip forming together a movement channel for the workpiece.

Description

Area of technology

The invention is in the field of woodworking machines and falls, for example, in the IPC: B 27 C 1/06; B 27 C S / 04; B 27 J 1/00; B 27 M 3/04.

The invention is based on a device for surface and thickness processing of wooden workpieces of any dimensions, in particular thin workpieces of small dimensions, without rigid clamping of the workpiece. One, two or more work spindles are provided for the tool for the cutting process and circular motion as well as a fixed circular guide insert for surface compensation and for processing the thickness of the wooden workpieces. These are arranged one behind the other; each of these spindles has a separate drive, a sliding plate with two side guide rails attached to the work table. The table moves vertically; Raising and lowering the slide plate adjusts the thickness of the section on the workpiece surface; the upper guide bar, which is also provided, is adjusted in the vertical direction; the wood workpiece is set at this height before processing.

The technical problem to be solved according to the invention

Known machines for surface and thickness processing of wooden workpieces do not enable the following processes, for example:
- Processing of wooden workpieces of small dimensions without rigid clamping;
- Ensuring high quality of the surfaces to be processed, which does not require any additional processing apart from painting, staining, or lateral or surface gluing of the wooden workpiece;
- machining of long and thin (narrow) workpieces;
- machining of workpieces without reference to the direction and position of the workpiece;
- Elimination of the risk of kickback of the workpiece or falling out of a workpiece from the processing machine;
- noise reduction below 82 decibels;
- Quick and easy changes and settings of the workpiece;
- parallelism of the surfaces of the wooden workpiece to be machined;
- elimination of the penetration of the tool in the wooden workpiece at the end and at the beginning of each processing surface;
- high-quality processing of wooden workpieces with ingrown branches, knots, etc .;
- high-quality processing of curved constructions or wooden workpieces with special tensile and compression properties or characteristics;
- Material removal up to and below 0.1 mm.

State of the art

DE-OS 21 58 912.8 describes a woodworking machine in which the tool holder has two tools seated on the same vertical axis, an inner tool holder being inserted in the outer tool holder, which represents a tool-in-tool construction. The inner tool holder with circular saw is designed so that a circular movement is caused during machining, in which the outer and inner

Tool holder can be turned in the same direction; an adjustment possibility with regard to different peripheral speeds of one or more tool holders is possible, the inner tool holder being designed such that it is fastened on the work spindle with a threaded nut; For this purpose, a corresponding recess is provided in the inner tool holder. The outer tool holder with inserted tool in the form of cutting knives is constructed in the form of a truncated cone and is used for rough preparation of a wooden workpiece of greater length.

The known device with double tool holder works so that the wooden workpiece of greater length engages in the area of the tool (inserted in pairs in the upper and lower holder); both holders are rotated against each other on the same vertical axis at an angle of 180 °. The outer holders with inserted tools ensure rough preparation; the inner tool holders with tools for finishing wooden workpieces of greater length.

The known device with two processing heads, which are set on the same vertical axis and at an angle to each other of 180 ° (rotated) and with a double tool holder, is disadvantageous in that when processing the wooden workpiece of very short length, it is in the edge region between the surface of the inner holder and the surface of the tool clamped in this holder falls. It can also clamp into the recess edge for the screw connection with shaft in the circular saw holder; Also during workpiece transfer there is friction between the rotating and the only movable tool, which, if the workpiece is shorter than the tool diameter, causes the workpiece to move Tangential direction of the tool and which leads to a failure of the workpiece and inaccurate machining on long workpieces, because the tool surface can not be used as a guide support due to the rotation.

Such a device is therefore not useful in practice for machining workpieces of small dimensions and thin workpieces, because machining qualities that are too large and too high are necessary.

Furthermore, from DE-OS 36 03 313 a cylindrical planer spindle with longitudinal cutters used for surface processing of wooden workpieces is known, but has not become established in practice for the surface processing of wooden workpieces of small dimensions and thin workpieces, because the opening between the fixed and movable sliding plate of the work table on the machine is determined by the diameter of the planer spindle and the thickness of the material used, the longitudinal opening being coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the planer spindle.

In practice, it is not possible for such reasons with such a construction to use this planing spindle for the industrial machining of workpieces of small dimensions and thin workpieces.

Solution of the technical problem

The device for wood surface processing of workpieces of very short length, for example of 2 cm length, is solved by the measure according to the invention. Defects no longer occur, rather the following advantages become apparent:
- Wood workpieces of very short lengths without workpiece clamping can be processed;
- A processing device according to the invention is suitable for processing wooden workpieces of very short lengths flat to the desired thickness and width;
- own clamping devices of various designs are eliminated;
- The processing device according to the invention is suitable for processing wood with the smallest possible wood waste;
- It becomes possible to mount the processing device on classic woodworking machines of various constructional types and purposes: it can be designed as a complete, independent unit; it is shown here as a device for a special purpose for surface and thickness processing.

Statement of the nature of the invention, exemplary embodiments

Compared to the known solutions, the following results:
- Wood workpieces of very small dimensions and thin workpieces without rigid clamping of the workpiece can be processed;
- It becomes possible to achieve a quality of the processing surfaces in such a way that no additional finishing is necessary before painting or before leaching the processing surfaces or before masking surfaces and flanks;
- The woodworking machine according to the invention is suitable for processing wooden workpieces of any dimensions, in particular very small diameters, as well as thin wooden workpieces to the required thickness, width and length;
- Flat surfaces of wooden workpieces and surfaces at a certain angle can be processed;
- Machining is possible regardless of the direction of the workpiece movement and its position;
- A minimal material decrease, namely up to 0.1 mm, which enables additional veneer processing is created;
- own clamping devices of various constructions are eliminated;
- The risk of the workpiece kicking back or a workpiece falling out of the machine is completely eliminated;
- noise reduction below 80 decibels;
- An absolute parallelism of the machining surfaces on the workpiece is achieved;
- completely straight machining surfaces without intervention of the tool in the workpiece at the end and beginning of the machining is guaranteed;
- It becomes qualitatively possible to process the wooden workpiece surfaces with ingrown branches or knots;
- It becomes possible to qualitatively process wooden workpieces of curved construction or with torsion and compression properties;
- The machine according to the invention is simple in construction and assembly;
- The tool can be easily changed and adjusted; it is also easy to achieve the thickness reduction on the workpiece quickly and cleanly;
- The design of the machine tool according to the invention allows adjustment with the tool in the vertical, horizontal direction or at a certain angle;
- A high-quality surface processing of the wooden workpieces regardless of the previous woodcut in the longitudinal or transverse direction is possible.

For this purpose, the invention is based on a device for processing the surface and thickness of wooden workpieces of any dimensions, in particular short and thin workpieces, consisting of one, two or more vertical, horizontal or at a certain angle working spindles; with a two-part slide plate; a movable work table; two flank guide rails and an upper slide guide, with separate work spindle drives.

The invention is characterized by a partially hollow face cylinder milling head with fixed or exchangeable cutting edges, wherein a guide insert, which is fastened to the one flank guide strip, is fixed in the face cylinder milling head.

In this device, the guide strips are laterally adjustable and consist of two parts, one part of which moves together with the work table, while the other is fixed on the machine housing; also two-part flank strips are attached to the fixed part of the two-part slide plate, which is fixed to the machine housing, while the movable part of the slide plate moves in the vertical direction together with the work table; there is also an upper adjustable guide bar that is attached to the machine housing.

• Figure 1 eine Seitenansicht (teilgeschnitten) der Vorrichtung zur Flächen- und Dickenbearbeitung für Holzwerkstücke beliebiger Abmessungen, insbesondere kurzer und dünner Werkstücke ohne daß eine steife Einspannung des Werkstücks notwendig wäre; eine zweiteilige Gleitplatte 4, 4′ ist dargestellt im Vertikalschnitt durch den beweglichen Arbeitstisch 6 und das Maschinengehäuse 8; zwei Arbeitsspindeln I, II mit jeweils eingesetztem Werkzeug 1 sowie einer von oben verstellbaren bzw. einstellbaren Führungsleiste 7 sind vorgesehen;
• Figur 2 ist eine Draufsicht auf die Arbeitspindel I der Fig. 1 mit Anordnung des Holzwerkstücks 11 zu Beginn der Flächenbearbeitung mit Draufsicht auf den Fräskopf 1 mit eingesetztem und befestigtem Kreisführungseinsatz 9, der auf der Flankenführungsleiste 5 vermittels einer Schraubverbindung 12 befestigt ist;
• Figur 3 ist ein Teilaxialschnitt durch die Arbeitsspindel I mit Fräskopf 1, fixiertem Ringführungseinsatz 9 und zweiteiliger Gleitplatte 4, 4′ sowie einer rechten Flankenführungsleiste 5, auf welcher der Kreisführungseinsatz fixiert ist; diese Leiste ist an dem fixierten Teil der zweiteiligen Gleitplatte 4′ befestigt;
• Figur 4 ist ein Teilaxialschnitt durch die Arbeitsspindel I; auf der fixierten Achse‴ ist vermittels einer Schraubverbindung 13 ein Führungseinsatz 9 befestigt; dieser befindet sich auf der Innenseite des Fräskopfkranzes 1, der mit einer Schraubverbindung 14 auf der Arbeitswelle 3′ befestigt ist und sich im Gehäuse der Arbeitswelle 3 befindet.

For example, embodiments of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show in

• Figure 1 is a side view (partially cut) of the device for surface and thickness processing for wooden workpieces of any size, especially short and thin workpieces without a rigid clamping of the workpiece would be necessary; a two-part sliding plate 4, 4 'is shown in vertical section through the movable work table 6 and the machine housing 8; two work spindles I, II, each with inserted tool 1 and a guide bar 7 adjustable or adjustable from above, are provided;
• Figure 2 is a plan view of the work spindle I of Figure 1 with the arrangement of the wooden workpiece 11 at the beginning of the surface processing with a plan view of the milling head 1 with an inserted and attached circular guide insert 9 which is fastened on the flank guide bar 5 by means of a screw connection 12;
• Figure 3 is a partial axial section through the work spindle I with milling head 1, fixed ring guide insert 9 and two-part slide plate 4, 4 'and a right flank guide bar 5, on which the circular guide insert is fixed; this bar is attached to the fixed part of the two-part slide plate 4 ';
• Figure 4 is a partial axial section through the work spindle I; a guide insert 9 is fastened on the fixed axis ‴ by means of a screw connection 13; this is located on the inside of the milling head ring 1, which is fastened with a screw connection 14 on the working shaft 3 'and is located in the housing of the working shaft 3.

According to FIG. 1, the surface and thickness processing device for wooden workpieces of any dimensions, in particular short and thin workpieces according to the invention, consists of a work spindle I with a milling head 1 for smooth machining of the lower workpiece surface 11 shown in FIG. 2. Smooth machining is hereby possible. Also provided is a work spindle II of the same design, which has a milling head 1 with adjustment of the upper surface and thickness processing of the workpiece 11 (FIG. 2); on the woodworking machine according to the invention it is possible to set a plurality of work spindles which are located in the vertical or horizontal direction or at a certain angle on the respective work table 6 and to which the slide plate 4 is fastened which moves vertically together with the work table 6 : in this way the thickness of the workpiece section 11 (Fig. 2) can be adjusted; the slide plate 4 'is on the machine housing 8, on which the upper guide bar 7 is fixed; the guide bar moves vertically; this sets the workpiece height 11 (FIG. 2).

2, the work spindle I is provided with a hollow cylindrical milling head 1, in which the circular guide insert 9 is inserted; this circular guide insert is fixed via a screw connection 12 to the flank guide bar 5, which in turn is fastened to the slide plate 4 '. The workpiece slides on the slide plate 4 and is guided through the flank guide bar 5, the flank guide bar 10 and the upper guide bar 7 - FIG. 1. Furthermore, the position of the workpiece 11 against the milling head 1 with a fixed guide insert 9 can be seen at the moment of the start of the surface processing, the points of engagement P₁, P₂, P₃ being in the same plane with regard to the position of the milling head 1 fixed by the guide insert 9 , which is also a condition for surface processing of short and thin wooden workpieces without rigid clamping.

According to Figure 3, the milling head 1 with fixed or replaceable cutting edges 1 'on the working shaft 3' fixed insert 3˝ and the screw connection 13 fixed; the cutting edges 1 'on the milling head are set so that the cutting apices 1' are in the same plane as the upper sliding plate surfaces 4 'and the upper surface of the fixed guide insert.

The sliding plate 4 is fixed to the work table 6 and moves vertically up and down together with it, depending on the thickness of the workpiece 11, as can be seen in FIG. 2.

The working shaft 3 'is attached to the housing of the working shaft 3, which is separated from the milling head 1 by a spacer ring 2. The slide plate 4 'is attached to the machine housing 8; A flank strip 5 is fixed above and on this plate.

The workpiece 11 moves on the sliding plate 4, is held by the side rail 5, the side rail 10 and the upper guide rail 7, all of which together form a movement channel, the workpiece 11 not being clamped rigidly. When the workpiece 11 reaches the cutting edges 1 'on the milling head 1, the end face of the workpiece 11 is in engagement with the cutting edges 1' at points P₁, P₂, P₃. These lie in the same plane or have the same axis; the emergence of momentum forces is impossible, but at the same time it is possible that the workpiece 11 smoothly slides over the cutting edges 1 'on the milling head 1 and over the fixed guide piece 9, which with less (thin) material decreases the processing of a wooden workpiece 11 without anyone Additional pressure allows: it is enough the force of the workpiece weight 11 on the sliding plate 4 on the cutting edges 1 'and on the fixed guide insert 9 (Fig. 2). The workpiece 11 moves over the cutting edges 1 ' the milling head 1 and cuts in the same plane as the upper surface of the slide plate 4 ', which is made possible by the fixed stationary guide insert 9 used in the milling head; this prevents the inclination and sliding of a short workpiece 11 into the inner part of the hollow milling head 1, because the hollow inner part or the depression in the milling head 1 is completely closed with the fixed guide insert; but the tool is designed so that there is an air inlet slot of at most 1 mm width between the inner diameter of the hollow milling head 1 and the cutting edges 1 'and the outer diameter of the fixed guide insert 9 (Fig. 1). After processing - compensation of the lower workpiece surface 11 on the work spindle I - this moves on the slide plate 4 'under the work spindle II to compensate for the upper surface and thickness machining of the workpiece 11, which can be seen from Fig. 2, where the engagement points P₁ , P₂, P₃ between the milling head 1 with the cutting edges 1 'and fixed guide insert 9 and the end plane of the workpiece 11 are in the same plane or of the same axis, in such a way that the machining process of the upper surface and the thickness machining of the workpiece 11 are identical with The machining process for the work spindle I is because the design of the milling head 1 with the cutting edges 1 'and the fixed guide insert 9 for the work spindle II is the same as for the work spindle I, which can be seen from FIGS. 1 to 4, although the Construction based on a high gloss finish.

According to Fig. 4, a structural design of the attachment of a milling head 1 with the cutting edges 1 'on the hollow working shaft 3' is shown; the upper part changes into a flange shape, the attachment is carried out via a screw connection 14; this connection is provided in the housing of the working shaft 3, on which a spacer ring 2 is seated.

Through the hollow working shaft 3 'is a fixed axis 3 ‴ provided on which the guide insert 9 sits by means of screw 13; this insert is in the inner part of the milling head ring 1 with the cutting edges 1 'so that the upper surface of the fixed guide insert 9 of the cutting apex 1' on the milling head 1 and the upper surface of the sliding plate 4 'are in the same plane.

Due to the design of the device for surface and thickness processing of wooden workpieces of different dimensions, especially for short and thin workpieces according to the invention, one or more work spindles in the vertical and horizontal direction or at an angle to the slide plate 4 and 4 'are employed; is also provided a hollow milling head 1 with fixed or replaceable cutting edges 1 'and a fixed guide insert 9, which is attached in this head and is fixed to the flank guide bar 5 (Fig. 2), but also on the fixed axis 3 ‴, which is guided by the hollow working shaft 3 ', is attached, the upper surface of the fixed guide insert 9, the cutting apex 1' on the milling head 1 and the upper surface of the sliding plate 4 'are always in the same plane, which the accompanying figures show . A high-quality surface treatment of the wooden workpieces 11 without rigid clamping is achieved, regardless of dimensions, wood quality and direction of the previous woodcut; furthermore, the processing means that less wood waste is available, which means considerable savings for the wood processing industry; the work process is considerably improved with regard to safety and occupational safety for the machine workers and for the environment.

Example of industrial feasibility of the invention Working spindles I and II

The housing of the working shaft 3 is made of a steel and seamless tube, made of material St 35.29; this tube is on an inside diameter in which a standard ball bearing marked 6208 TB. P63 is attached, rotated. The working shaft 3 'is made of a drawn steel bar, made of material 42 Cr Mo 4; the shaft is turned to the outside diameter, at the end a ⌀ 13.75 mm hole is drilled out and an M 16 internal thread is cut manually. The mounting insert 3˝ is made of a drawn steel bar, made of material St 37; the material is sawn to the appropriate height, turned and a hole ⌀ 17 mm is also drilled out. On the circumference of the fastening insert 3˝ two recesses are cut at an angle of 180 ° with a finger cutter for tightening with a key.

The face cylinder milling head 1 is made of a round steel ⌀ 180 mm, made of material 42 Cr Mo4; the head is turned inside and outside, in its forehead rim fixed edges 1 'made of material OCR 12 and also made of G2 are attached by brazing; however, the cutting edges made of the same material can also be used, specifically with M 4 Allen screws. The end cylinder head 1 can also be welded from 42 Cr Mo4 sheet metal (electric welding).

The guide insert 9 is produced as a cast from gray cast iron 25 in such a way that its guide surface is finely turned and ground.

The sliding plates 4 and 4 'are made of sheet metal 23 mm thick and made of material St 37, the sliding surfaces are planed, a semicircular cut ⌀ 182 mm is cut autogenously.

The work table 6 is made of sheet metal 18 mm thick and made of material St 37 in a welded version (manual electric welding).

The edge guide strip 5 is made of a strip steel of 20 mm thickness and of material St 37; it also has an autogenously cut outer shape and milled longitudinal openings for attachment.

The machine housing 8 is made of sheet metal 20 mm thick and of material St 37; this material is autogenously cut and welded (electric manual welding).

The fixed axis 3 ‴ is made of a round steel bar St 50 K; Neck and forehead are turned; A ⌀ 8.16 mm hole is drilled in the axis and an M10 thread is cut manually.

Claims (8)

1. Device for surface and thickness processing of wooden workpieces of any dimensions, in particular short and thin workpieces, consisting of one, two or more vertical, horizontal or at a certain angle working spindles; with a two-part slide plate; a movable work table; two flank guide rails and an upper slide guide, with separate work spindle drives, characterized by a partially hollow face cylinder milling head (1) with fixed or interchangeable cutting edges (1 '), a guide insert (9) which is fastened to the one flank guide strip (5) being fixed in the face cylinder milling head (1). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that this guide insert (9) is fixed on a firmly clamped axis (3 ‴) which is attached in the hollow working shaft (3 '). 3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the end (cylinder) milling head (1) is ring-shaped and is connected via a screw connection (14) to the hollow working shaft (3 '), the end part of which is flange-shaped . 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the upper guide surface of the guide insert (9) in exactly the same plane as the upper sliding surface of the sliding plate (4 ') and also in exactly the same plane as the cutting apex (1st ') Is located on the forehead (cylinder) milling head (1). 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the two-part sliding plate (4, 4 ') a semicircle is cut out, within which the forehead (cylinder) milling head (1) together with the cutting edges (1') is provided. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the sliding plate (4) on the vertically moving work table (6) is fixed and moves with the work table. 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the flank guide strips (5, 10) on the sliding plate (4 ') are fixed and adjustable. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that an upper adjustable bar (7), for example hold-down bar, is attached to the top of the housing (8).

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