EP0382359A1 - Procédé pour fabriquer un cable isolé par une matière minérale - Google Patents

Procédé pour fabriquer un cable isolé par une matière minérale Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0382359A1
EP0382359A1 EP90300604A EP90300604A EP0382359A1 EP 0382359 A1 EP0382359 A1 EP 0382359A1 EP 90300604 A EP90300604 A EP 90300604A EP 90300604 A EP90300604 A EP 90300604A EP 0382359 A1 EP0382359 A1 EP 0382359A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blocks
tape
conductor
preformed
mineral
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90300604A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0382359B1 (fr
Inventor
Dennis Gill
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CITY ELECTRICAL FACTORS Ltd
Original Assignee
CITY ELECTRICAL FACTORS Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB898901911A external-priority patent/GB8901911D0/en
Priority claimed from GB898927533A external-priority patent/GB8927533D0/en
Application filed by CITY ELECTRICAL FACTORS Ltd filed Critical CITY ELECTRICAL FACTORS Ltd
Publication of EP0382359A1 publication Critical patent/EP0382359A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0382359B1 publication Critical patent/EP0382359B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/004—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for manufacturing rigid-tube cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/52—Apparatus or processes for filling or compressing insulating material in tubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of and apparatus for making a mineral insulated cable and to a mineral insulated cable made by such a method or apparatus.
  • Mineral insulated cable comprises an outer metal tubular sheath, usually made of copper, containing one or more conductors embedded in an insulating mineral, usually magnesium oxide.
  • Mineral insulated cable is used in applications where the cable has to withstand high temperatures or fires, for instance in emergency lighting systems and fire alarm systems. Such cables have conventionally been made by either a batch process or a continuous process.
  • preformed blocks of mineral insulant having through-holes are inserted into a metal tube which will form the outer sheath in the finished cable.
  • the holes in the blocks are aligned and conductor rods are inserted through the aligned holes.
  • This arrangement forms a blank which is then further processed, for instance by repeated drawing or rolling and annealing to reduce the cross section and provide a finished cable.
  • the conductors are embedded in mineral insulant in powder form, the metal tube being arranged vertically and the powder being inserted from above. A ram may be used to compact the powder within the tube.
  • Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings illustrates manufacture of a mineral insulated cable having two conductor cores.
  • the conductors are made from a pair of copper rods 1 which are supplied continuously through bores in a spacer block 2. Copper strip 3 for forming the cable outer sheath is likewise continuously supplied to a tube forming mill illustrated diagrammatically by a pair of rollers 4 and 5. Powdered magnesium oxide 6 is fed under gravity from a hopper 7 through a tube 8 so as to fill the outer sheath. A welding station 9 welds the tube seam in the immediate vicinity of the rollers 4 and 5 so as to form a completed blank 10. The completed blank 10 is continuously fed to a plurality of rolling stages 11 and annealing stages 12, only one of each being shown in Figure 1.
  • a method of making mineral insulated cable comprising supplying preformed blocks of mineral insulant having at least one groove and laying at least one conductor in the or each groove.
  • the preformed blocks are supplied continuously and the or each conductor is continuously laid in the or each groove.
  • a metal tube is continuously formed around the blocks.
  • the method comprises at least one further step of cross section reduction, such as drawing or rolling, with the or each further step being followed by an annealing step.
  • the preformed blocks may be supplied as sets of blocks having opposing faces provided with corresponding grooves, the blocks of each set being brought together such that the corresponding grooves form at least one duct containing a respective conductor.
  • the sets may comprise pairs of blocks, each of which is hemi-cylindrical and has at least one longitudinally extending groove in a flat surface.
  • the blocks may be formed as substantially cylindrical blocks with at least one longitudinally extending peripheral groove for receiving a respective conductor.
  • mineral insulant in the form of blocks or powder may be introduced into the or each groove so that the or each conductor becomes embedded.
  • a subsequent cross section reduction step may be sufficient to close the mineral insulant around the or each conductor.
  • the blocks may be held in place around the or each conductor, prior to forming the metal tube, by a plurality of rollers.
  • the blocks may be held in place by winding an elongate material therearound.
  • the elongate material may be a thread, such as a glass fibre thread, wound helically around the blocks.
  • the elongate material may alternatively be an electrically insulating tape, preferably self-adhesive, wound so as to cover or partially cover the blocks. Electrically insulating tape may alternatively be applied longitudinally around the blocks and formed into a tube.
  • the tape may, for instance, be a silicone rubber which can have the advantage of being self-amalgamating.
  • other types of tape may be used, such as mica tape or polytetrafluoroethylene tape.
  • electrically insulating tape to surround the blocks has advantages in addition to holding the blocks in place.
  • the insulating properties of the finished cable between the or each conductor and earth are improved.
  • the ingress of moisture into the blocks is reduced or eliminated and this avoids possible problems caused by degrading of the insulation, expansion of the blocks, and production of steam within the cable during subsequent heat treatment, such as annealing.
  • an apparatus for making mineral insulated cable comprising means for supplying preformed blocks of mineral insulant having at least one groove and means for laying at least one conductor in the or each groove.
  • a mineral insulated cable made by a method according to the first aspect of the invention or by an apparatus according to the second aspect of the invention.
  • the method and apparatus illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 2 show all the steps required to make preformed blocks and finished mineral insulated cable.
  • a mineral insulating powder such as magnesium oxide
  • the granules of insulant are supplied to a tablet making step 23 which forms the mineral into the desired shape of the preformed blocks.
  • These blocks are then supplied to a heat treatment step 24 which ensures that the blocks have a sufficiently stable form for the subsequent steps.
  • the preformed blocks 25 have the shape shown in Figure 3 i.e. substantially hemi-cylindrical with a diameter of approximately 1" (approximately 2.5. centimetres) and a length of approximately 8" (approximately 20 centimetres).
  • the flat surface of the block has two longitudinally extending grooves 26 which are also hemi-cylindrical in shape with a diameter of approximately 1/5" (approximately 5 millimetres).
  • the preformed blocks 25 are automatically supplied in facing pairs at 27 and 28 so as to entrain therebetween two copper conductors 29 supplied in the form of continuous rods.
  • the opposing grooves 26 of the pairs of blocks 25 form continuous ducts containing the conductors 29.
  • FIG. 3 shows, purely by way of example, three rolling steps 33 to 35, each of which is followed by a respective annealing step 36 to 38, the final annealing step 38 being followed by a coiling step 39 for the finished mineral insulated cable.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the partly formed blank as supplied to the forming mill 31, whereas Figure 5 illustrates the finished blank after the welding step 32.
  • the rolling and annealing steps 33 to 38 do not alter the form, so that Figure 5 also illustrates the finished mineral insulated cable, having a weld seam at 40.
  • Figure 6 illustrates the pairs of blocks 25, showing the cylindrical ducts 41 provided by the opposed grooves 26.
  • Figure 7 illustrates two blocks 42 which have grooves arranged to provide a single duct 43 for a single core cable.
  • the step of laying the conductors in the grooves of the blocks may be performed in any suitable way. For instance, as described above, the blocks 25 are brought together around the continuously fed conductors 29. However, in an alternative configuration, the lower blocks of the pairs are supplied so as to define two continuous grooves with the conductors being laid in the grooves from above. The upper blocks may then be placed on top so as to complete the laying in of the conductors.
  • Figures 8 and 9 illustrate two alternative forms of blocks 44 and 45.
  • the blocks 44 shown in Figure 8 are continuously supplied so as to define two continuous diametrically opposite grooves 46.
  • the blocks 45 in Figure 9 differ in that the grooves 47 are side-by-side and extend downwardly.
  • the conductors are laid into the grooves 46 from the side whereas the conductors are laid into the grooves 47 from above.
  • Suitably shaped preformed lengths of mineral insulant may be provided for this purpose.
  • mineral powder or granules may be used, particularly with the blocks 46 shown in Figure 9.
  • Figure 10 shows a set of four identical blocks 48, each of which is generally quarter-cylindrical in shape with grooves extending longitudinally along the two flat surfaces of each block.
  • the blocks 48 When placed together as shown in Figure 10, the blocks 48 define four ducts 49 for receiving conductors in order to provide a four core cable.
  • the blocks 50 shown in Figure 11 differ in that each is generally third-cylindrical in shape, these blocks being used to provide a three core cable.
  • Figures 12 and 13 illustrate two possible forms of dissimilar pairs of blocks.
  • the blocks 51 and 52 in Figure 12 differ from the blocks 25 in Figure 6 in that the block 51 has a longitudinal tongue 53 which extends between ducts 54 into a correspondingly shaped groove in the block 52.
  • Figure 12 shows the block 51 disposed above the block 52, but the reverse arrangement is possible and may have advantages in that the tongue 53 assists in correctly locating the conductors during laying in.
  • the lower block 55 in Figure 13 is similar to the block 45 shown in Figure 9 but has a centre limb of reduced height for co-operating with a preformed upper block 46 to close the conductors within ducts 57.
  • Figure 14 illustrates another process for continuously forming mineral insulated cable.
  • Preformed blocks 60 of mineral insulant, such as magnesium oxide are continuously supplied in the direction of production, indicated by arrow 61, so as to form a column.
  • the blocks 60 are substantially identical to the blocks 25 shown in Figure 6 and are arranged in the column with their grooves 62 aligned and facing upwardly.
  • copper conductors 63 are supplied from reels 64 or the like and are laid into the grooves 62 as illustrated in Figure 16. Further insulating blocks 65 are continuously supplied from above and are positioned on top of the blocks 60 so as to enclose fully the conductors 63, as shown in Figure 17.
  • the blocks 60 and 65 and the conductors 63 are next covered with a layer of insulation in the form of an insulating tape 66 supplied from a reel 67 or the like.
  • the reel 67 is rotated around the axis of the cable and supplies the tape 66 so as to form a continuous layer around the blocks 60 and 65.
  • the tape 66 is electrically insulating and preferably self-­ adhesive so as to adhere to the outer curved surfaces of the blocks 60 and 65.
  • the tape 66 may be a silicone rubber provided on one surface with an adhesive.
  • Figure 18 indicates that the edges of the adjacent turns of the tape abut against each other, the pitch of the tape may be such that the edges overlap in order to ensure complete enclosure of the blocks 60 and 65. It is also possible to adopt a coarser winding pitch such that the layer of tape does not completely enclose the blocks 60 and 65. Such an arrangement ensures that the blocks are held in place for subsequent production steps, but does not provide the advantages associated with complete enclosure, such as improved insulating properties and exclusion of moisture from the blocks 60 and 65.
  • the tape 66 is required to have electrical insulating properties and must withstand subsequent heat treatment of the mineral insulated cable.
  • the insulating material of the tape should not break down in an undesirable way at the high temperatures at which the cable is required to be able to operate, for instance as a fire-proof cable. It is preferable for the material of the tape not to contain carbon, as this could impair the insulating properties of the cable when subjected to elevated temperatures. It is also generally preferable that the material of the tape should not break down and produce substantial quantities of gas, which could cause the cable to rupture when subjected to elevated temperatures. Where the tape is provided with an adhesive, the adhesive should preferably have similar properties so as not to compromise the performance of the cable.
  • tape of width equal to or greater than the circumference of the blocks 60 and 65 may be supplied longitudinally and may be wrapped around the blocks in a manner similar to a tube forming mill.
  • a thread may be wound helically around the blocks 60 and 65 so as to hold them in place on the conductors 63 for subsequent production steps.
  • a fibre glass thread may be used for this purpose and will not impair the insulating properties of the cable.
  • the blocks 60 and 65, or only the blocks 65 may be held in position by means of rollers.
  • the next step in the production process comprises the forming of a metal tube around the layer of tape 66.
  • Figure 14 shows a copper strip 68 of sufficient width being supplied continuously from a reel 69.
  • the strip 68 is formed into a tube by a rolling mill (not shown), for instance of the type illustrated in Figure 1, and the edges of the strip are welded together at a welding station 70 so as to form a weld seam 71 as shown in Figure 19.
  • the cable is then supplied to a plurality of rolling or drawing steps alternating with annealing steps so as to reduce the cross section to the final desired size of the mineral insulated cable, after which the cable is stored in a coiling step or the like.
  • the continuous process for producing mineral insulated cable can operate at great speed and the length of cable produced is limited only by mechanical handling and inspection considerations.
  • the preformed blocks 60 and 65 provide excellent geometrical stability which allows the insulating properties of the cable to the maximised.
  • the absence of any abrasive steps in the process prevents the ingress of copper particles or slivers or other material into the mineral insulant so that the insulating properties are not compromised.
  • the copper conductors suffer little or no surface damage and their cross sections do not therefore have to be over-specified in order to ensure adequate electrical conductivity in the finished cable.
  • "hot-spots" causing high potential gradients are not created by the process so that the insulating properties are not compromised.
  • an insulating layer around the blocks further improves the insulating properties of the cable, but has additional advantages. For instance, if the production process has to be stopped and then restarted, the layer prevents the ingress of moisture into the blocks which might impair the insulation performance and might cause problems during subsequent production steps. For instance, during heat treatment such as annealing, any moisture trapped within the blocks could generate steam and, in severe cases, could rupture the outer metal tube or cause substantial distortion. The provision of the layer of insulating tape avoids this.
  • the mineral insulant is supplied in the form of preformed blocks, there is little or no loose mineral powder at any stage in the cable production. Thus, there is substantially no contamination at the welding stage of the outer tube. Also, there is little or no loss of insulant material or production of powder dust so that the process is very clean and does not waste raw materials.
  • the conductor-to-conductor spacing may be made greater than the conductor-to-sheath spacing and this provides a cable with better insulating properties than one in which the spacings are the same or, alternatively, allows the diameter of the cable to be reduced.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Cable Installation (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
EP90300604A 1989-01-28 1990-01-22 Procédé pour fabriquer un cable isolé par une matière minérale Expired - Lifetime EP0382359B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB898901911A GB8901911D0 (en) 1989-01-28 1989-01-28 Method of and apparatus for making mineral insulated cable and mineral insulated cable made by such or apparatus
GB8901911 1989-01-28
GB8927533 1989-12-06
GB898927533A GB8927533D0 (en) 1989-12-06 1989-12-06 Method of and apparatus for making mineral insulated cable and mineral insulated cable made by such method or apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0382359A1 true EP0382359A1 (fr) 1990-08-16
EP0382359B1 EP0382359B1 (fr) 1993-03-24

Family

ID=26294890

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90300604A Expired - Lifetime EP0382359B1 (fr) 1989-01-28 1990-01-22 Procédé pour fabriquer un cable isolé par une matière minérale

Country Status (13)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0382359B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH02270226A (fr)
AT (1) ATE87393T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU615372B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2008682C (fr)
DE (1) DE69001142T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0382359T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2040554T3 (fr)
HK (1) HK76993A (fr)
IE (1) IE62978B1 (fr)
NO (1) NO900386L (fr)
NZ (1) NZ232262A (fr)
SG (1) SG66193G (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2243941A (en) * 1990-05-11 1991-11-13 Ass Elect Ind Manufacture of mineral insulated electric cables
ES2297990A1 (es) * 2004-10-06 2008-05-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procedimiento para la fabricacion de un conducto envolvente de metal.
WO2013052558A1 (fr) 2011-10-07 2013-04-11 Shell Oil Company Formation de conducteurs isolés mettant en œuvre une étape de réduction finale après traitement thermique
CN104733134A (zh) * 2015-03-27 2015-06-24 沈汉财 一种矿物绝缘防火电缆的氧化镁瓷柱的装配方法
CN110853834A (zh) * 2018-08-20 2020-02-28 浙江万马股份有限公司 预制氧化镁瓷柱矿物绝缘电缆的制备方法
CN111383796A (zh) * 2020-03-12 2020-07-07 广州市穗羽电线电缆有限公司 一种新型矿物绝缘电缆及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0393264A1 (fr) * 1989-04-18 1990-10-24 Inco Alloys Limited Méthode pour fabriquer des câbles à isolant minéral et gaine métallique
DE10125061C1 (de) * 2001-05-23 2003-02-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallmantelleitungen
AU2011237617A1 (en) * 2010-04-09 2012-09-20 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Insulating blocks and methods for installation in insulated conductor heaters
CN107785122B (zh) * 2017-09-20 2019-08-13 中天合金技术有限公司 一种无缝贯通地线的制备工艺

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE708904C (de) * 1936-06-06 1941-07-31 Siemens & Halske Akt Ges Verfahren zum Befestigen von Distanzkoerpern auf einem elektrischen Leiter, insbesondere fuer Luftraumisolierte Fernmeldekabel
GB650427A (en) * 1945-09-07 1951-02-21 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to electric cables for high frequency
DE912949C (de) * 1944-03-19 1954-06-08 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Aufbringen von Abstandhalterkoerpern auf den Innenleiter von konzentrischen Hochfrequenzleitungen
US3452434A (en) * 1966-03-31 1969-07-01 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Method of making heat resistant electric cable
FR2462771A1 (fr) * 1979-07-27 1981-02-13 Okazaki Mfg Co Ltd Cable conducteur a isolant mineral et son procede de fabrication
US4317003A (en) * 1980-01-17 1982-02-23 Gray Stanley J High tensile multiple sheath cable
DE3137956A1 (de) * 1981-09-24 1983-04-28 Lothar 5190 Stolberg Hanf Elektrisches kabel und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE708904C (de) * 1936-06-06 1941-07-31 Siemens & Halske Akt Ges Verfahren zum Befestigen von Distanzkoerpern auf einem elektrischen Leiter, insbesondere fuer Luftraumisolierte Fernmeldekabel
DE912949C (de) * 1944-03-19 1954-06-08 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Aufbringen von Abstandhalterkoerpern auf den Innenleiter von konzentrischen Hochfrequenzleitungen
GB650427A (en) * 1945-09-07 1951-02-21 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to electric cables for high frequency
US3452434A (en) * 1966-03-31 1969-07-01 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Method of making heat resistant electric cable
FR2462771A1 (fr) * 1979-07-27 1981-02-13 Okazaki Mfg Co Ltd Cable conducteur a isolant mineral et son procede de fabrication
US4317003A (en) * 1980-01-17 1982-02-23 Gray Stanley J High tensile multiple sheath cable
DE3137956A1 (de) * 1981-09-24 1983-04-28 Lothar 5190 Stolberg Hanf Elektrisches kabel und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2243941A (en) * 1990-05-11 1991-11-13 Ass Elect Ind Manufacture of mineral insulated electric cables
FR2662012A1 (fr) * 1990-05-11 1991-11-15 Ass Elect Ind Procede de fabrication de cables electriques a isolation minerale.
GB2243941B (en) * 1990-05-11 1994-08-10 Ass Elect Ind Manufacture of mineral insulated electric cables
ES2297990A1 (es) * 2004-10-06 2008-05-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procedimiento para la fabricacion de un conducto envolvente de metal.
WO2013052558A1 (fr) 2011-10-07 2013-04-11 Shell Oil Company Formation de conducteurs isolés mettant en œuvre une étape de réduction finale après traitement thermique
EP2791460A4 (fr) * 2011-10-07 2015-12-23 Shell Int Research Formation de conducteurs isolés mettant en uvre une étape de réduction finale après traitement thermique
CN104733134A (zh) * 2015-03-27 2015-06-24 沈汉财 一种矿物绝缘防火电缆的氧化镁瓷柱的装配方法
CN110853834A (zh) * 2018-08-20 2020-02-28 浙江万马股份有限公司 预制氧化镁瓷柱矿物绝缘电缆的制备方法
CN111383796A (zh) * 2020-03-12 2020-07-07 广州市穗羽电线电缆有限公司 一种新型矿物绝缘电缆及其制备方法
CN111383796B (zh) * 2020-03-12 2021-02-02 广州市穗羽电线电缆有限公司 一种新型矿物绝缘电缆及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69001142D1 (de) 1993-04-29
AU615372B2 (en) 1991-09-26
ES2040554T3 (es) 1993-10-16
NO900386D0 (no) 1990-01-26
CA2008682C (fr) 1998-12-29
IE900324L (en) 1990-07-28
HK76993A (en) 1993-08-06
AU4884290A (en) 1990-08-02
DK0382359T3 (da) 1993-04-19
JPH02270226A (ja) 1990-11-05
SG66193G (en) 1993-08-06
EP0382359B1 (fr) 1993-03-24
NO900386L (no) 1990-07-30
NZ232262A (en) 1991-12-23
DE69001142T2 (de) 1993-08-12
CA2008682A1 (fr) 1990-07-28
IE62978B1 (en) 1995-03-08
ATE87393T1 (de) 1993-04-15

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