EP0381585B1 - Überwachungsanlage für elektrische Zäune - Google Patents

Überwachungsanlage für elektrische Zäune Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0381585B1
EP0381585B1 EP90400284A EP90400284A EP0381585B1 EP 0381585 B1 EP0381585 B1 EP 0381585B1 EP 90400284 A EP90400284 A EP 90400284A EP 90400284 A EP90400284 A EP 90400284A EP 0381585 B1 EP0381585 B1 EP 0381585B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
pulse
analyser
responder
fence
generator
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EP90400284A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0381585A1 (de
Inventor
Jean Jacques Hamm
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Lacme SA
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Lacme SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05C—ELECTRIC CIRCUITS OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN EQUIPMENT FOR KILLING, STUNNING, OR GUIDING LIVING BEINGS
    • H05C3/00—Other circuits or apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electric fences intended to keep livestock, or to protect places against the intrusion of animals or people.
  • Electric fences have been used for many years on the one hand because of the savings they allow compared to the use of more traditional means, and on the other hand because they offer different advantages compared to fences such as those made up of a network of barbed wire: easier installation and movement, better longevity, absence of the risk of injuries that can be caused by barbed wire.
  • Alarm systems have been known for a long time (bells, sirens) which are connected to the pulse generator, hereinafter referred to as the energizer, and which are triggered when a certain value (such as peak pulse voltage, average of the pulse voltage) at the start of the closure, falls below a set value.
  • a certain value such as peak pulse voltage, average of the pulse voltage
  • the electrical characteristics of the pulse may be very different at this point and at the start of the closing; in fact the resistance and reactance of the wire create a certain isolation between the start of the wire and the distant short-circuit point.
  • the self inductance of the wire and the capacitance of the wire with respect to the return conductor form a circuit which passes low frequencies, but filters high frequencies; this results in an elongation of the pulses, and a decrease in the peak value of the voltage, along the wire.
  • This effect can cause a decrease in the physiological effect of the pulses along the wire, a decrease which is not detected by the control or alarm means located at the start of the wire.
  • Document US-A-4 220 949 proposes to connect a monitor at the end of the line; this monitor analyzes the signal of the incident pulse, possibly integrates it on several pulses, and triggers alarms when a certain power level is not reached.
  • This system requires the presence of an electrical connection supplying the monitor, which is often not possible when the monitor is far from the generator, as would generally be the case for electric fences used to keep livestock.
  • Another drawback of this system is that the alarms can be very far from the site where the user usually stands; the latter may therefore not notice or hear their triggering.
  • the document WO-A-82 00936 proposes to analyze both the current and the voltage of the pulses at the output of the energizer.
  • a resistor connecting the "go" conductors and the "return” conductors is connected at the end of the fence.
  • a judicious combination of voltage and current makes it possible to follow the evolution of the impedance of the line seen from the generator: a decrease in the impedance corresponds to insulation losses, and an increase in the impedance corresponds to a conductor break.
  • This system can, however, only give relatively rudimentary indications on the characteristics of the impulse at a point on the line; indeed several causes can give the same effects on the impedance seen from then the generator.
  • the documents AU-B-509 325 and AU-B-502 328 describe electric fence systems comprising "answering machines" which are connected at the end or along the fence line, and which send one or more pieces of information to the central site at the end of the analysis, display and alarm triggering.
  • the system described in document AU-B-509 325 includes a low voltage return signal used, for measurement, the duration of which, dependent on the losses of insulation on the line, can exceed the 100 milliseconds generally allowed by the standards of international security.
  • the low voltage signal used to characterize the pulse at the point where the transponder is connected, can be distorted when it returns to the energizer by the characteristics of the line; we indeed know that the insulation resistance of a line subjected to high voltage pulses (incident pulse) can be similar to the insulation resistance under the low voltage of the return pulse if the contacts are open, but that it can also be very different if the high voltage insulation losses are due to sparks to herbs only under high voltage. It is therefore understood that this system does not give reliable information.
  • the present invention relates to an electrical fence control method of the type comprising a main pulse generator, an analyzer, and at least one responder element connected between the conductors at at least one point of the fence and intended to provide information on the electrical situation, at the point where it is located, characterized in that on reception of a main pulse each responder returns an echo pulse to the analyzer, and in that the information returned to the analyzer by each responder is included only in the time between the main impulse and said echo pulse.
  • the present invention also relates to an electric fence control device, of the type comprising a generator capable of generating a main pulse applied to the fence, an analyzer placed in the vicinity of the generator and capable of delivering an alarm signal, and at least one responder placed between the conductors at a distance from the generator and returning an echo pulse to the analyzer, characterized in that, on reception of the main pulse, said responder returns the echo pulse with a delay representative of the electrical situation of the closing seen by the answering machine, the analyzer measuring the said delay and delivering, if necessary, an alarm signal.
  • information is received at the central site at each pulse: this makes it possible to process the signal, and to integrate it if necessary, at a place where there is energy from the main supply for supply electronic circuits; this also allows tracking, impulse by impulse, on an indicator, the variations of the impulse collected by the answering machine which guides the user in his behavior.
  • a regular, but low, value of the indication corresponds to many grasses touching the fence wire; the decision to intervene to re-establish the isolation, by weeding all along the wire, is then taken by the user according to the level reached, after a slow descent of the indication observed during the previous days.
  • an irregular value of the indication probably corresponds to a localized incident, such as a branch balanced by the wind and causing earthing at random, and which must be remedied quickly in order to avoid a sudden and catastrophic fall in isolation.
  • the present invention describes a method and means making it possible to obtain, at the main site, or at an auxiliary site where an energy source is available, precise and reliable information on the efficiency of an electric fence. at a determined point on the closing circuit.
  • An essential characteristic of the invention lies in the fact that an answering machine is connected to a point of the fence wire, and in that the answering machine transforms the electrical characteristic of the pulse which is considered representative of the physiological effect.
  • a particular return signal to an analyzer designated as an echo signal is a short signal, the voltage of which is sufficient to be detected by the analyzer; the echo signal is characterized by the fact that the information it carries is determined by the delay between the main pulse and the return pulse.
  • the information returned by the responder is independent of the analog characteristics of the feedback pulse such as voltage, duration, frequency. Only the time interval between the incident pulse and the echo pulse is significant and interpreted.
  • the echo pulse contains little energy but its duration is very short; the instantaneous power can therefore be significant, which allows long-distance detection, even when the fence conductor is poorly insulated.
  • the measurement, analysis and processing of the information carried by the echo pulse sent by the responder is done by the analyzer by means of electronic circuits, the technique and use of which are well known; the measurement consists in determining the delay between the main pulse and the echo pulse.
  • An essential advantage of this method is that the information consisting of the time interval between the two pulses is not modified, when the signal returns to the analyzer, by the characteristics of the line, whereas this information could be distorted in the systems previously recalled.
  • the return pulse must comply with security standards, and must therefore be sent, after the main pulse, within a period of less than 100 milliseconds which are generally recommended by security standards.
  • Several answering machines can be connected at different points on the closing circuit; discrimination by the analyzer between the responses of each responder will be easy if time slots are characteristics of each answering machine; for example, a first responder sends an echo in the 10 to 30 millisecond range, a second in the 40 to 60 millisecond range and a third in the 70 to 90 millisecond range.
  • Means allowing the responder to return a high voltage pulse may consist of the following arrangement.
  • step-down transformer whose primary has an impedance large enough to represent only negligible leaks between the two conductors.
  • the secondary of the step-down transformer collects a small portion (a few hundredths) of the incident energy, in a "recuperator” capacitor, by means of a rectifier circuit.
  • the “recuperator” capacitor is then discharged, after a delay characteristic of the charge it has reached, in the primary of a step-up transformer; a high impedance, itself connected between the "go" and “return” conductors of the fence, is collected at the secondary, a shaped pulse, very short but having sufficient voltage to be detected by the remote analyzer.
  • the delay can be obtained in a simple way by the charge, from the “recovery” capacitor, of a well-known delayed circuit resistance-capacitor and of an element with starting threshold, such as diac or unijunction transistor, which attacks the thyristor trigger.
  • This device consumes only energy from the "recuperator" capacitor.
  • the analyzer which processes the echo pulse or pulses can advantageously be incorporated into the main pulse generator which supplies the electric fence.
  • the current necessary for operation can be drawn directly from the main energy source by galvanic connections.
  • the analyzer is galvanically connected to the conductors of the fence, it is essential to provide a separation supporting high voltages of the order of 20,000 volts, between the power supply to analyzer circuits and network.
  • One solution to this problem is to use an additional winding of a few turns taken from the secondary of the output transformer of the energizer.
  • This winding recovers a small part of the energy of the incident pulses and charges, with each pulse, a buffer capacitor through a rectifier circuit and a resistor serving as ballast.
  • the capacitor whose charge circuit is very well isolated from the network by the main transformer, is used to supply the analyzer's circuits.
  • Another method for measuring and processing the time separating the main pulse and the echo pulse consists in exciting an electro-luminescent element by the current of these pulses.
  • the analyzer measures the interval between the light flashes produced by the two pulses by means of a detector located far enough from the secondary circuit so that there is no risk of ignition.
  • Such an analyzer can be supplied by a circuit directly connected to the network, or slightly isolated from the network. This device allows galvanic connections of the analyzer with elements which consume a lot of energy and which it is advantageous to supply directly by the network: siren, bells.
  • FIG. 1 represents an electric fence circuit comprising a pulse generator A, an analyzer B which can be incorporated in the box containing the generator A, a circuit of fence wires F supported by insulators I themselves fixed on poles P.
  • the energizer A is connected to the ground S by an earth ground T.
  • a transponder R is connected on the one hand at a point on the fence line, and on the other hand on the ground S by an earth ground T '.
  • FIG. 2 represents a possible embodiment of the responder R.
  • a transformer TRF1 has a winding E1 of several thousand turns. This winding represents a high impedance, of several thousand ohms, for the pulses sent by the generator A, pulses whose typical duration is a few hundred microseconds. The winding is connected to the conductors between which we find the pulse, generated by A, more or less weakened at the place where R.
  • the winding E2 has about 10 times less turns than the winding E1.
  • the winding E2 charges, at each incident pulse, a "recovery" capacitor C1 through a rectifier circuit D1 and a resistor R1.
  • C1 and R1 are chosen so that the time constant of circuit C1, R1 is a few microseconds, or even a few tens of microseconds, which eliminates, on reception, the very short voltage spikes that can appear on the boundary line and which are not significant in terms of physiological reactions.
  • values of C1, and of its maximum charge voltage are chosen so that the energy recovered by C1 represents at most only a few hundredths of the energy of the pulse incident; this allows the effectiveness of the incident pulse to be preserved by preventing its energy from being consumed by the responder.
  • the resulting charge of C1 is a compromise between the voltage of the incident pulse and its duration; this charge is well representative of the potential physiological effect of the incident pulse.
  • the capacitor C2 of much lower capacity than that of C1, is then charged from C1 through R2 until the voltage allows the triggering of the diac D2.
  • the diac D2 then initiates the thyristor TH1, which causes the discharge of C1 through the winding E'2 of the transformer TRF'1.
  • the winding E'1 then provides the echo pulse between the ground and the electrified line F.
  • the echo pulse is a short pulse because C1 and E'2 have relatively low impedances.
  • the echo pulse is delayed with respect to the incident pulse by a delay given by the fixed characteristics of the elements D2, R2, C2, but also by the voltage reached, during the incident pulse, by the capacitor C1.
  • Analyzer B measures the time between the incident pulse and the echo pulse; it actuates, for example, a decrement display circuit; this display indicates a high value (for example 99) if the echo occurs very quickly, for example within a delay of less than 10 milliseconds; on the other hand, the indication on the display decreases until it drops to a zero value if the echo pulse has not occurred within a delay which can be fixed for example at 80 milliseconds.
  • a decrement display circuit indicates a high value (for example 99) if the echo occurs very quickly, for example within a delay of less than 10 milliseconds; on the other hand, the indication on the display decreases until it drops to a zero value if the echo pulse has not occurred within a delay which can be fixed for example at 80 milliseconds.
  • Figure 3 shows a responder operating on the same principle as the responder of Figure 2, but where the output transformer TRF'1, step-up transformer intended to return the echo pulse on wire F, is confused with the input transformer TRF1.
  • the capacitor C1 discharges in TH1 and E2, instead of discharging in TH1 and E'2. This arrangement makes it possible to save on a high voltage transformer TRF'1.
  • FIG. 4 represents an embodiment of the responder R using a single transformer as in the case of FIG. 3.
  • the delay circuit D2, R2, C2 is replaced by an electronic circuit G3 which may include integrated circuits.
  • the use of integrated circuits allows better control of the trip delay as a function of the load reached by C1. It is for example easy for those skilled in the art to design a delay circuit, the delay of which separating the incident pulse from the trigger pulse of TH1, will be proportional to the voltage of C1.
  • the circuit of FIG. 4 can therefore give more exact information than that given by the circuit of FIG. 3.
  • Circuit G3 which includes active electronic circuits, must be supplied by a source of electrical energy.
  • This source can consist of a battery or an accumulator (possibly recharged by a photovoltaic panel).
  • these supplies pose maintenance problems.
  • One of the means of the invention consists in noting that the circuit G3 does not need to be supplied when the incident pulses are too weak or absent. Indeed the absence of echo pulse caused in these cases by the absence of operation of G3, is interpreted by B, rightly, as an absence of effectiveness of the closure at the point where is connected R.
  • G3 can therefore be supplied by the energy of the incident pulse, when the latter is sufficiently strong.
  • the supply of G3 can be achieved by means of a very low voltage winding E3 on the transformer TRF1, a rectifier circuit symbolized by the simple diode D3, a ballast resistor not shown because not always necessary, and d '' a high capacity capacitor C3 which supplies a low and regular current to G3.
  • FIG. 5 represents an improvement of the circuit of FIG. 4.
  • the charging of C3 is now done through a regulator which lets through the current which can be supplied by the winding E3, only within the limit where C3 has not reached some tension.
  • This system makes it possible to take, from each incident pulse, only the energy strictly necessary to supply the circuit G3.
  • This arrangement is particularly advantageous since the incident pulses, and therefore the energy which can be delivered by E3 in the absence of a regulator, can vary in very large proportions by a factor of 20 to 50 between lengths and insulations of wire of extreme closure, while the energy requirement for G3 is almost constant.
  • a transistor TRa is used.
  • the bridge of resistors Ra, Rb supplies the base Ba and makes the transistor TRa conductive.
  • the element Za (“adjustable voltage reference”) comprises two electrodes Ez1 and Ez2 which are short-circuited when the voltage on the electrode Ez3 exceeds a certain value. In this case, Ba being grounded, the transistor TRa is blocked, and C3 is no longer charged.
  • the voltage on Ez3 can be equal to the voltage reached on C3, if the threshold voltage of Za is sufficient to supply the circuit G3. If this is not the case, the regulation voltage on C3 can be increased by a divider bridge which is not shown in the diagram.
  • FIG. 6 represents the generator A and the analyzer B8, incorporated in the same box.
  • the main pulse generator is of a conventional type: a capacitor C9 is charged through the elements R9 and D9, and stores a few joules.
  • the trigger circuit Dc9 starts thyristor Th9 about forty times per minute, which causes as many discharges of C9 through the primary Ep9 of the transformer M9.
  • the outputs S8 and T8 which supply the conductors "go" and "return” of the fence, are connected to the secondary winding Es9.
  • the analyzer B8 collects the information, that is to say the delay between incident pulse and echo pulse, at the terminals of a divider bridge Rn, R6.
  • the analyzer B8 can comprise a greater or lesser number of electronic circuits according to the processing which it is desired to subject to the information.
  • a display symbolized by 88.8 displays a value at each pulse, which makes it possible to follow and understand what is happening on the fence wire.
  • the B8 analyzer can also integrate the values read on several pulses to trigger audible alarms when the average of the pulses is too low.
  • a relay system is shown diagrammatically by H8 to trigger audible alarms B9 or K9.
  • the supply of these alarms poses a problem in the case of energizers supplied by the network; indeed any element galvanically connected to the fence wire (B8, H8 ...) must be isolated from the network by transformers supporting voltages of several thousand volts, which makes it costly to supply B9, K9 ..
  • H8 can advantageously be an emitter, either of a light signal or of an electromagnetic signal; this signal can then be collected outside the housing, comprising if necessary a transparent window, by a circuit H7 which triggers the sound elements K7 or B7.
  • the assembly H7, K7, B7, completely decoupled from the closing circuit, can itself be directly supplied by the network.
  • the light or electromagnetic signal emitted by H8 can be of low amplitude insofar as H7 is sensitive and close to box A; consequently the energy consumed by H8 can be minimal and the supply of H8 can be confused with that of B8.
  • the supply of B8, and possibly of H8, can be done using a special output on the winding Es9 of the transformer with high insulation M9.
  • the energy taken from each pulse can be limited, by connecting in series with D8 a regulating circuit which limits the charge of C'8 to the only value necessary for the of B8 and H8.
  • Figure 7 shows schematically a circuit where the analyzer B8 is replaced by an analyzer B'8 placed on the primary side of the transformer M9.
  • the highly insulated connection between the secondary connected to the fence wire, and the primary which can be supplied by the sector, is obtained by an LD6 element, electro-luminous, which emits a light pulse. during the incident pulse and when the echo pulse returns.
  • B'8 includes a photo-detector L7 which receives the pulses emitted by LD6.
  • the information transmitted by the return signal being contained in the duration between the incident pulse and the echo pulse, this means is particularly well suited, because, in particular, it does not rely on the possible linearity of the photo-emitter elements and photo-detector. It makes it possible to analyze the information on the side supplied by the network, and no longer poses a supply problem either for the analyzer or for the elements K7, B7 which it controls.
  • an electromagnetic signal can be used as a means of communication of information between the secondary and B'8 connected to the network.
  • This signal can moreover simply be the radiation emitted by the transformer M9 during the incident and echo pulses.

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Claims (11)

  1. Verfahren zur Überwachung von elektrischen Zäunen, der Art mit einem Hauptpulsgenerator (A), einem Abtaster (B) und zumindest einem Antwortelement (R), das wenigstens an einer Stelle des Zaunes zwischen die Leiter geschaltet und dazu bestimmt ist, über den elektrischen Zustand an der Stelle, wo es liegt, zu unterrichten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Empfang eines Hauptpulses jedes Antwortgerät (R) einen Echoimpuls an den Abtaster (B) schickt, und die Information, die durch jedes Antwortsgerät (R) an den Abtaster (B) zurückgeschickt wird, nur in der Zeitdauer enthalten ist, die den Hauptpuls von besagtem Echopuls trennt.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Echopuls, der durch das Antwortgerät (R) zurückgeschickt wird, in einem mit besagtem Antwortgerät (R) verknüpften Zeitabschnitt innerhalb der Zeitdauer, die durch die Sicherheitsnormen erlaubt ist, enthalten ist, wobei die Information, die durch den Echopuls übermittelt wird, aus der Zeitdauer besteht, die diesen Echopuls vom Beginn des mit besagtem Antwortgerät verknüpften Zeitabschnittes trennt.
  3. Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines elektrischen Zaunes, der Art, die einen Generator (A), der geeignet ist, einen Hauptpuls zu erzeugen, der auf den Zaun gegeben wird, einen Abtaster (B), der in der Nähe des Generators angeordnet und geeignet ist, ein Alarmsignal abzugeben, und mindestens ein Antwortgerät (R) enthält, das vom Generator (A) entfernt zwischen den Leitern angeordnet ist und einen Echopuls zum Abtaster (B) zurückschickt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Antwortgerät (R) beim Empfang des Hauptpulses den Echopuls mit einer Verzögerung zurückschickt, die repräsentativ für den elektrischen Zustand des Zaunes ist, der durch das Antwortgerät festgestellt wird, wobei der Abtaster (B) besagte Verzögerung mißt und gegebenenfalls ein Alarmsignal abgibt.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Antwortgerät (R) einen Eingangstransformator enthält, dessen Primärwicklung (E1) eine hohe Impedanz für die Kennfrequenzen der Zeitdauer des Hauptpulses hat und dessen Sekundärwicklung (E2) aufgrund des Hauptpulses und nach einer Integration über der Zeit einen Kondensator (C1) lädt, dessen verzögerte Entladung den Echopuls erzeugt.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die verzögerte Entladung des Kondensators (C1) auf den Leitern des Zaunes mittels eines Aufspanntransformators (TRF'1) mit einer Sekundärwicklung (E'1) hoher Impedanz einen Echopuls erzeugt.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß besagter Aufspanntransformator der Eingangstransformator ist.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Antwortgerät (R) eine Gesamtheit von aktiven Schaltungen (G3) enthält, um die Verzögerung des Echopulses als Funktion der Ladung des Kondensators (C1) zu erzeugen, und daß besagter Transformator eine Hilfswicklung umfaßt, die eine Niederspannung (E3) erzeugt, um die Gesamtheit der aktiven Schaltungen (G3) mittels einer Gleichrichter- und Speicherschaltung (D3, C3) zu versorgen.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen Abtaster (B, B8) enthält, der in den Hauptpulsgenerator eingegliedert und geeignet ist, Anzeigegeräte oder Alarmsignale in Gang zu setzen, wobei der Abtaster (B) galvanisch mit den Komponenten des Zaunstromkreises verbunden ist, und daß die Versorgung des Abtasters (B) durch zumindest eine Wicklung (Es8) gewährleistet ist, die auf der vom Netz getrennten Hochspannungsseite aufgewickelt ist, während des Hauptpulses eine Niederspannung erzeugt und eine Gleichrichter- und Speicherschaltung versorgt.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Versorgung der aktiven Schaltungen (G3) oder des Abtasters (B8) über eine Wicklung, die Niederspannungen erzeugt, einen Ladungsbegrenzer umfaßt, der dem Puls nur die Energie entnimmt, die notwendig ist, um den Speicherkondensator, der die aktiven Schaltungen (G3) oder den Abtaster (B8) versorgt, wieder aufzuladen.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abtaster (B8) geeignet ist, durch die Wand des Generators (A) hindurch mittels elektromagnetischer Signale oder Lichtsignale externe Alarmsignale auszulösen .
  11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, die einen Abtaster (B, B'8) enthält, der in den Hauptpulsgenerator eingegliedert ist und dazu dient, nach elektronischer Verarbeitung der Verzögerungen der Echopulse, die durch das Anwortgerät (R) zurückgeschickt wurden. Anzeigegeräte oder Alarmsignale in Gang zu setzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abtaster (B'8) durch das Netz versorgt wird und die durch den Abtaster (B'8) verarbeitete Information mittels eines Detektors für Lichtsignale oder elektromagnetische Signale, die durch die mit dem Zaun verbundene Schaltung ausgesandt werden, gewonnen wird.
EP90400284A 1989-02-03 1990-02-02 Überwachungsanlage für elektrische Zäune Expired - Lifetime EP0381585B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90400284T ATE104105T1 (de) 1989-02-03 1990-02-02 Ueberwachungsanlage fuer elektrische zaeune.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8901783 1989-02-03
FR8901783A FR2642872B1 (fr) 1989-02-03 1989-02-03 Systeme de controle pour clotures electriques

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EP0381585A1 EP0381585A1 (de) 1990-08-08
EP0381585B1 true EP0381585B1 (de) 1994-04-06

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AT (1) ATE104105T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69007821T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2642872B1 (de)

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FR2711885B1 (fr) * 1993-10-27 1996-02-09 Valery Hamm Dispositif d'alimentation et de surveillance d'une clôture électrique.
FR2902276B1 (fr) * 2005-07-29 2008-07-18 Lacme Holding Sa Mecanisme de reglage d'une resistance de prise de terre

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AU506255B2 (en) * 1977-06-15 1979-12-20 R Laube Electric fence alarm
US4220949A (en) * 1978-05-03 1980-09-02 Diversified Manufacturing & Marketing Co., Inc. Electric fence monitor and alarm apparatus and method
FR2458078A1 (fr) * 1979-06-01 1980-12-26 Maingot Jean Claude Dispositif de detection de defauts de ligne dans une installation a cloture electrifiee
US4523187A (en) * 1980-08-29 1985-06-11 Norman W. Hutchinson & Sons Pty. Ltd. Alarm system for electric fences
FR2566916B1 (fr) * 1984-06-28 1986-08-08 Santerne Sa Procede de detection des defauts d'isolement d'au moins un fil d'une installation qui en fait application

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0381585A1 (de) 1990-08-08
DE69007821T2 (de) 1994-11-03
FR2642872A1 (fr) 1990-08-10
DE69007821D1 (de) 1994-05-11
FR2642872B1 (fr) 1994-04-01
ATE104105T1 (de) 1994-04-15

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