EP0381072B1 - Pistolet de pulvérisation à fort débit d'air basse pression - Google Patents

Pistolet de pulvérisation à fort débit d'air basse pression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0381072B1
EP0381072B1 EP90101583A EP90101583A EP0381072B1 EP 0381072 B1 EP0381072 B1 EP 0381072B1 EP 90101583 A EP90101583 A EP 90101583A EP 90101583 A EP90101583 A EP 90101583A EP 0381072 B1 EP0381072 B1 EP 0381072B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
spray head
restriction
orifices
passageway
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EP90101583A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0381072A2 (fr
EP0381072A3 (fr
Inventor
Robert R. Mellette
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Binks Sames Corp
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Binks Sames Corp
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Publication of EP0381072A3 publication Critical patent/EP0381072A3/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/0081—Apparatus supplied with low pressure gas, e.g. "hvlp"-guns; air supplied by a fan
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • B05B7/0807—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets
    • B05B7/0815—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets with at least one gas jet intersecting a jet constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid for controlling the shape of the latter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • B05B7/0807—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets
    • B05B7/0815—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets with at least one gas jet intersecting a jet constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid for controlling the shape of the latter
    • B05B7/0838—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets with at least one gas jet intersecting a jet constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid for controlling the shape of the latter comprising a single means controlling simultaneously the flow rates of shaping and spraying gas jets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
    • B05B7/2402—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device
    • B05B7/2405—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle
    • B05B7/2408—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle characterised by the container or its attachment means to the spray apparatus
    • B05B7/241—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle characterised by the container or its attachment means to the spray apparatus the container being pressurised

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high volume low pressure air spray gun, in which air having a relatively high flow rate and a relatively low delivery pressure is used to atomize liquid coating material into a conical spray and to selectively form the spray into a fan-shaped pattern.
  • Transfer efficiency is the amount of coating solids applied onto a target versus the amount of coating sprayed, expressed as a percentage.
  • the velocity of the coating particles should advantageously be fairly slow in order to avoid blow-by which occurs when spray particles miss the target, with excessive velocity of the particles actually causing some of them that strike the target to bounce off of it.
  • Greatest transfer efficiency is usually achieved in systems offering optimum atomization coupled with the lowest possible velocity of the particles.
  • Air delivered to their spray heads has relatively high pressure, and as it exits the spray head it atomizes a stream of liquid coating material into a conically-shaped spray, which usually is flattened into a fan-shaped pattern by opposed side port air jets.
  • the high pressure air exits the spray head it expands and imparts a relatively high velocity and fogging effect to the spray particles, causing a large percentage of the particles to miss the target.
  • Airless spray systems have a somewhat higher transfer efficiency. With such systems, coating liquid is hydraulically forced through a specially shaped orifice at pressures on the order of 34.5-310.5 bar (500-4500 psi), which causes the coating to be emitted in an unstable thin film that interacts with atmospheric air and breaks up into an atomized spray at its forward edge. These systems develop spray particles that have a lower velocity and exhibit less fogging than occurs with conventional air spray guns.
  • HVLP high volume low pressure
  • spray systems utilize air to atomize a stream of coating material, but at the spray head the air has a relatively high flow rate, usually well in excess of 8.5m3/h (5 CFM), and a relatively low delivery pressure, usually less than 1.03 bar (15 psi).
  • the high volume and low pressure of the air results in decreased fogging and an increased percentage of the spray particles striking and adhering to the target.
  • HVLP spray guns use a turbine to supply air at high volume and low pressure to an inlet to the gun, from which it passes through enlarged air passages to the spray head.
  • a significant disadvantage is that a separate turbine for supply of air is required, which increases the cost and complexity of the system.
  • HVLP spray guns such as the one disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,796,376 to Farnsteiner, receive high pressure factory air at their inlets. Such guns have a venturi in their handle air passage, downstream of the air inlet, to reduce the pressure and increase the volume flow of air into the gun body.
  • passages are in the handle for admitting atmospheric air by the action of the compressed air passing through the venturi. From the venturi air then passes, at a reduced pressure and increased volume, through passages in the gun body to the spray head.
  • Another HVLP spray gun is disclosed in patent No. 4,761,299 to Hufstetler.
  • HVLP spray guns it is desirable with HVLP spray guns to be able to control the shape of the spray pattern, i.e., so that the conically diverging atomized spray may selectively be shaped between conical and flat fan by means of controlling the flow rate of side port air emitted against opposite sides of the spray.
  • Control of side port (fan-shaping) air is also critical to producing the best atomization and "flow-out" of material on the coated surface to allow the best possible surface finish.
  • Many such guns do not provide for control over side port air, and in others that do no provision is made to prevent an undesirable increase in the pressure of air at the atomizing orifice as the air flow to the side ports is reduced.
  • HVLP spray guns when used with a paint cup, require pressure feed since they cannot siphon paint from the cup, but the various means heretofore used to pressurize the cups have generally been less than satisfactory.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an improved HVLP spray gun, which utilizes at its spray head air having a relatively low pressure and a relatively high volume flow rate to atomize liquid coating material.
  • a further object is to provide such a spray gun, which is adapted to be supplied with air at a pressure of up to about 6.9 bar (100 psi), yet limits the pressure of air at the spray head to 0.69 bar (10 psi) or less.
  • Another object is to provide such a spray gun, in which the flow rate of side port air at the spray head is adjustable to vary the spray pattern from round to flat fan.
  • a still further object is to provide such a spray gun in which, upon a reduction in the flow rate of side port air, there is a corresponding reduction in the overall flow rate of air to the spray head to prevent an increase in the pressure of atomizing air.
  • Yet another object is to provide such a spray gun, which is adapted for pressure cup operation without danger of overpressurizing the cup.
  • a method of spraying liquid coating material comprises the steps of providing liquid coating material to a fluid orifice in a spray head, supplying air to the spray head, and delivering air supplied to the spray head to an atomizing air orifice in the spray head to atomize coating material into a spray and to shaping air orifices in the spray head for impingement against and to shape the spray. Also included are the steps of adjusting the volume flow rate of air delivered to the side port orifices to vary the shape of the spray and, in response to and concurrently with performance of the adjusting step, adjustably controlling the volume flow rate of air supplied to the spray head in accordance with the volume flow rate of air delivered to the shaping air orifices.
  • the invention also contemplates an apparatus for spray coating, which comprises a spray head having a fluid orifice, and atomizing air orifice and an inlet thereto, and shaping air orifices and an inlet thereto. Included are means for providing liquid coating material to the fluid orifice, and means for supplying air to the spray head inlets for delivery to and flow through the atomizing air orifice to atomize coating liquid into a spray and for delivery to and flow through the shaping air orifices for impingement against and to shape the spray.
  • HVLP high volume low pressure
  • spray gun assembly which includes a spray gun body 22 having a handle 24 and a fitting 26 at the handle lower end for connection with a source of compressed air that may be at a pressure of up to about 6.9 bar (100 psi).
  • a spray head assembly indicated generally at 28, which includes an air nozzle 30 and a fluid nozzle 32 through which liquid coating material supplied to the gun through a fitting 34 flows to an outlet orifice 36 for being atomized into a spray by jets of air emitted from the air nozzle.
  • An air passage 38 extends through the handle, and is placed in communication with a gun barrel air passage 40 by opening an air valve means 42.
  • a fluid valve stem 44 is connected to the air valve means, and extends through the fluid nozzle 32 to a forward tapered end 46 that forms a valve with a seat 48 in the fluid nozzle behind the orifice 36.
  • the air valve means 42 is movable between closed and open positions to control a flow of pressurized air from the handle passage 38 and through the gun barrel air passage 40 to the air nozzle 30, and the fluid valve stem 44 is movable between closed and open positions to control a flow of fluid through the fluid nozzle orifice 36.
  • a manually manipulatable trigger 50 is operatively connected to the fluid valve stem and pivotally connected to the gun body. The trigger is movable between a gun off position away from the handle, at which the air valve means and fluid valve stem are in their closed positions, to a gun on position toward the handle, at which the air valve means and fluid valve stem are moved to their open positions for generating a spray of atomized coating material.
  • An air control knob 52 connects to an air valve stem 54 extending through the gun barrel air passage 40, and adjustment of the knob determines the flow rate of side port air emitted from opposite sides of the air nozzle 30 when the gun is on.
  • the spray head assembly 28 mounts on a downwardly depending annular extension 58 at a forward end of the spray gun body 22.
  • the spray head assembly comprises the air nozzle 30 and a fluid inlet fitting 60, together with the fluid nozzle 32, a fluid nozzle retainer 62 and an air nozzle retainer 64.
  • the fluid inlet fitting and fluid nozzle have respective fluid passages 66 and 68.
  • the inlet fitting 60 is generally L-shaped and the annular extension 58 has a passage longitudinally therethrough which has a relatively small diameter at its rearward end and increases in diameter toward its forward end where it defines two tapered annular shoulders 70 and 72.
  • the upper horizontal leg of the inlet fitting has external threads at its forward end and extends through the passage into threaded connection with internal threads in the fluid nozzle retainer 62 to mount the inlet fitting and fluid nozzle retainer on the forward end of the gun barrel.
  • the fluid nozzle 32 is threaded into the fluid nozzle retainer 62, until an outer tapered seat at a rearward end of the fluid nozzle moves against and seals with a tapered seat at the forward end of the inlet fitting passage 66.
  • This mounts the inlet fitting, fluid nozzle retainer and fluid nozzle on the annular extension 58 and establishes a leak-proof path through the fluid passages 66 and 68.
  • the air nozzle 30 is placed over the forward end of the fluid nozzle 32 to extend an outer end 74 of the fluid nozzle into a passage formed centrally through a front wall of the air nozzle and until an annular tapered shoulder 76 on the air nozzle seats against an associated annular tapered shoulder on the fluid nozzle.
  • the air nozzle retainer 64 is then placed around the air nozzle and threaded onto the fluid nozzle retainer 62, until a radially inwardly extending annular flange 78 on the air nozzle retainer engages a radially outwardly extending annular flange 80 on the air nozzle and moves the air nozzle tightly against the fluid nozzle.
  • the gun barrel passage 40 receives air from the handle passage 38 upon opening the air valve means 42.
  • the air valve stem 54 extends through the barrel passage to a forward tapered end 82 of the stem that is movable against and away from a side port air valve seat 84 at a forward end of the barrel passage. The position of the air valve stem with respect to its seat is determined by the setting of the side port air control knob 52.
  • the air valve stem When the air valve stem is retracted from its seat, it opens communication between the barrel passage 40 and an annular chamber 86 in the barrel extension 58, which chamber communicates with spray pattern forming shaping air orifices 88 in opposed ears 90 of the air nozzle 30 through passages 94 in the fluid nozzle retainer 62 and passages 96 in the air nozzle ears.
  • An annular atomizing air outlet orifice 92 is defined between the forward end 74 of the fluid nozzle 32 and the passage through the front face of the air nozzle.
  • passages 98 extend through the fluid nozzle between an annular chamber 99 and the orifice. Triggering the gun on therefore causes air to be emitted to atomize dispensed liquid coating material into a conical spray and to form the spray into a fan-shaped pattern.
  • the fluid valve stem 44 extends through the rearward end of the fluid inlet fitting 60 and then through the fluid passages 66 and 68 to its forward tapered end 46 at the fluid nozzle seat 48. Operation of the trigger 50 to turn on the gun retracts the tapered end from its seat for a flow of fluid from the orifice 36 in the fluid nozzle forward end 74, whereupon fluid is emitted in a cylindrical stream that is atomized into a spray by air emitted from the air nozzle 30.
  • the spray gun is substantially identical to the one in Culbertson et al patent No. 4,537,357, issued August 27, 1985 to the assignee of the present invention, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • a difference resides in the sizes or air flow areas of the air nozzle air passages 96, the fluid nozzle air passages 98, the shaping air outlet orifices 88, the annular atomizing air outlet orifice 92 and the air valve stem seat 84.
  • the present gun are relatively large in cross sectional flow area to accomodate emission of a high volume flow of air at a low pressure.
  • the one of the invention is particularly adapted to receive air from a conventional compressed air supply at pressures up to about 6.9 bar (100 psi).
  • the gun may therefore be incorporated into existing spraying systems where there already is a factory air supply, without need to purchase and install a separate air supply turbine.
  • a further advantage is that an air supply line from a turbine is necessarily large and bulky to accomodate the large volume flow of air at low pressure, which makes a spray gun to which it is connected unwieldy to handle, whereas the present gun retains its maneuverability when connected to a conventional high pressure air supply line.
  • the spray gun 20 is configured so that with about 6.9 bar (100 psi) of air at its inlet 26, when the gun is triggered on a high volume flow of air is delivered to the spray head assembly at a low pressure approximately equal to but no greater than 0.69 bar (10 psi).
  • a low pressure approximately equal to but no greater than 0.69 bar (10 psi).
  • the high volume air flow delivered to the spray head will be at a lower pressure, but because of the high air flow rate, coating material will be properly atomized.
  • the air control knob 52 controls the volume flow rate of air to the side port orifices 88, and to prevent excessive air pressure from being developed at the atomizing air orifice 92 as the flow rate of air to the shaping air orifices is decreased, means are provided to decrease the volume flow rate of air to the spray head assembly 28 in response to and in accordance with a decrease in the flow rate of air to the shaping air orifices.
  • the spray gun is adapted to receive coating material from a pressure cup carried by the gun, and its structure accommodates convenient pressurization of the cup, from air in the gun, without overpressurizing the cup.
  • the structure of the HVLP spray gun 20, that accommodates conversion of high pressure low volume air at the inlet fitting 26 to high volume low pressure air at the spray head assembly 28, includes a guide bushing 102 in the gun barrel air passage 40, through which the air valve stem 54 extends.
  • the air valve stem is longitudinally movable within the bushing by the air control knob 52, and a plurality of equally circumferentially spaced passages 104 extend longitudinally through the bushing.
  • the bushing divides the barrel passage into a rearward portion 106 upstream from and a middle portion 108 downstream from the bushing.
  • a restriction to the flow of air to the spray head assembly 28 is downstream from the bushing 102 and comprises a variable flow area restriction which, in the disclosed embodiment, is in the form of a variable flow area venturi 110 through which the air valve stem 54 extends.
  • the venturi which may be a sonic venturi, has a tapered converging rearward passage portion 112 and a tapered diverging forward passage portion 114.
  • a tapered shoulder 116 on the air valve stem is positioned within the venturi, and defines a juncture between a first diameter forward end 118 of the stem and a second and greater diameter rearward end 120.
  • the diameter of the forward end 118 is 6.35mm (.250")
  • the diameter of the rearward end 120 is 6.7mm (.264 ⁇ )
  • the shoulder 116 is tapered at about 15°, with respect to the stem axis, between the forward and rearward ends
  • the minimum necked down diameter of the venturi passage, between the passage portions 112 and 114 is 7.06mm (.278 inch).
  • the tapered shoulder 116 is rearwardly of and the forward reduced diameter end 118 of the stem extends through the necked down portion of the venturi passage, so the air flow area of and volume flow rate of air through the venturi are at a maximum.
  • the tapered end of the stem is moved toward and against its seat to reduce the volume flow of air to the side port orifices, the tapered shoulder 116 and the increased diameter rearward end 120 of the stem are moved into the necked down portion of the venturi passage, under which condition the air flow area of and volume flow rate of air through the venturi are at a minimum.
  • valve stem and venturi member 110 therefore define a variable flow area restriction or venturi, and air entering the venturi at a low volume and high pressure exits it at a high volume and low pressure.
  • the passage through the venturi-shaped restriction 110 has a maximum air flow area for delivery of a maximum volume flow of low pressure air to the spray head assembly 28, and the air in the spray head assembly, just upstream from the side port and atomizing air orifices, has a high volume flow rate of at least 8.5m3/h (5 CFM) and a low pressure of about, but no greater than, 0.69 bar (10 psi).
  • the conically shaped atomized coating spray formed by air from the atomizing air orifice is flattened into a fan-shaped pattern.
  • the spray pattern can be changed from a flat fan to round, and anywhere in between, by moving the tapered end 82 of the air valve stem toward and/or against its seat 84 to reduce the air flow to the side port orifices 88. If the air valve stem were of constant diameter, reducing the air flow to the shaping air orifices would result in an increasing portion of the air supplied to the spray head assembly being delivered to the atomizing air orifice, and there would be an increase in the pressure of air upstream from the atomizing air orifice, possibly beyond the desirable 0.69 bar (10 psi) maximum.
  • a plurality of air conveying longitudinal slots 122 are formed in and at circumferentially spaced intervals around the tapered end. Consequently, even when the air valve stem is fully closed, some air still flows to the side port orifices 88, but not enough to cause appreciable flattening of the spray.
  • the reason for limiting the pressure of air in the venturi passage portion 114 is because it is from there that air for pressurizing a paint cup 124 is obtained. Because of the relatively low velocity of the air flow on the downstream side of the venturi, paint cannot be delivered from the cup into the spray gun 20 by siphoning.
  • Paint must therefore be pressure fed into the gun, and for the purpose an air line 126 extends between the venturi passage portion 114 and an opening in a cup lid 128. Limiting the pressure developed in the venturi passage portion 114 thereby prevents overpressurization of the cup.
  • a check valve (not shown) in the cup lid opening prevents loss of cup pressure when the gun is turned off and provides for even flow of coating material to the fluid nozzle.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Claims (32)

  1. Procédé de pulvérisation d'un matériau liquide de revêtement, comprenant les étapes d'apporter du matériau liquide de revêtement à un orifice (36) de fluide dans une tête (28) de pulvérisation pour son émission à partir de celle-ci; d'amener de l'air à la tête de pulvérisation; de fournir de l'air amené à la tête de pulvérisation à un orifice (92) d'atomisation d'air dans la tête de pulvérisation pour atomiser le matériau de revêtement liquide émis en un nuage pulvérisé et à des orifices de mise en forme à air (88) dans la tête de pulvérisation pour rencontrer et mettre en forme le nuage pulvérisé; d'ajuster (110, 122, 114) le débit en volume d'air fourni aux orifices de mise en forme à air pour ajuster la forme du nuage pulvérisé; et, en fonction de et simultanément à la réalisation de ladite étape d'ajustage, de commander de manière ajustable (116, 118, 120) le débit en volume d'air amené à la tête de pulvérisation pour éviter que la pression d'air à la tête de pulvérisation ne dépasse une pression maximum choisie, par suite à des changements du débit en volume de l'air fourni aux orifices de mise en forme à air (88).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'étape de commande ajustable diminue et augmente le débit en volume de l'air amené à la tête de pulvérisation (28) dans des quantités qui correspondent aux diminutions et aux augmentations respectives du débit en volume de l'air fourni aux orifices de mise en forme à air (88).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les étapes d'amenée et de fourniture apportent de l'air à l'orifice d'atomisation d'air avec une pression qui n'est pas supérieure à environ 0,69 bar (10 psi), et dans lequel l'étape de commande ajustable diminue le débit en volume de l'air amené à la tête de pulvérisation afin d'éviter que la pression d'air à l'orifice d'atomisation d'air (92) ne dépasse 0,69 bar (10 psi) lors d'une diminution du débit en volume de l'air fourni aux orifices de formation de l'air (88).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la tête de pulvérisation présente un premier passage (98) qui s'étend vers l'orifice d'atomisation d'air (92) et un second passage (94) qui s'étend vers l'orifice de formation d'air (88), l'étape d'amenée amenant de l'air à la tête de pulvérisation à travers un passage commun (40), l'étape de fourniture fournissant l'air amenéà la tête de pulvérisation à travers le premier passage vers l'orifice d'atomisation de l'air et à travers le second passage vers l'orifice de formation de l'air, l'étape d'ajustage ajustant la section de l'écoulement d'air à travers le second passage pour commander le débit en volume de l'air fourni aux orifices de mise en forme à air, et l'étape de commande ajustable variant la section de l'écoulement d'air à travers le passage commun pour varier le débit en volume d'air amené à la tête de pulvérisation.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel l'étape de commande ajustable diminue ou augmente la section de l'écoulement d'air à travers le passage commun (40), dans des quantités qui correspondent aux abaissements ou aux augmentations respectives de la section d'écoulement d'air à travers le second passage.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel l'étape d'ajustage et l'étape de commande ajustable comprennent l'utilisation d'un seul élément de valve (52, 54) pour varier simultanément les sections d'écoulement d'air tant à travers le second passage (94) qu'à travers le passage commun (40).
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel l'étape d'amenée comprend l'amenée d'air à travers un étranglement (110) dans le passage commun (40) et dans lequel l'étape de commande ajustable comprend la variation de la section d'écoulement d'air à travers l'étranglement (110), d'une quantité qui est en corrélation avec une variation de la section d'écoulement d'air à travers le second passage (94).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, dans lequel l'étape d'ajustage et l'étape de commande ajustable comprennent l'utilisation d'un seul élément de valve (52, 54) pour varier simultanément les sections d'écoulement d'air tant à travers le second passage (94) qu'à travers l'étranglement (110).
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 7, dans lequel l'étape d'amenée comprend la fourniture d'air à une haute pression et à un faible débit au passage commun (40) en amont (114) de l'étranglement (110) et dans lequel l'étape de la commande ajustable comprend la variation de la section d'écoulement d'air à travers l'étranglement de telle manière que l'air sortant du côté aval (112) de l'étranglement (110), par rapport à l'air du côté amont (112), a un fort débit et une pression faible et que la pression de l'air à la tête de pulvérisation (28) n'est pas plus grande que la pression maximum choisie.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans laquelle l'étape de la fourniture du matériau de revêtement liquide comprend la mise sous pression d'un godet de peinture (124) par l'air obtenu en provenance du passage commun en aval (114) de l'étranglement (110) et l'écoulement de la peinture depuis le godet sous pression vers l'orifice de fluide.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 7, dans lequel l'étape d'amenée comprend la fourniture d'air sous une pression d'environ 6,9 bar (100 psi) au passage commun (40) en amont de l'étranglement (110) et dans lequel l'étape de commande ajustable comprend la variation de la section d'écoulement d'air à travers l'étranglement (110) de telle manière que la pression de l'air dans tête de pulvérisation (28), indépendamment du débit en volume de l'air fourni aux orifices de mise en forme à air (88), n'est pas supérieure à environ 0,69 bar (10 psi).
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la tête de pulvérisation (28) est portée par un corps (22) et dans lequel l'étape d'amenée comprend l'amenée d'air avec faible débit et haute pression par une entrée (26) vers un passage (38) dans le corps (22) et comprend la conversion de l'air à faible débit et haute pression à l'entrée (26) du passage du corps en air à fort débit et à basse pression à la sortie du passage (38) du corps pour l'amener à la tête de pulvérisation.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel l'étape de conversion comprend l'écoulement de l'air à faible débit et à haute pression à travers un étranglement (110) dans le passage (38) du corps (22) et dans lequel l'étape de commande ajustable comprend la variation de la section d'écoulement d'air à travers l'étranglement (110).
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel l'air amené à la tête de pulvérisation (28) est fourni aux orifices de mise en forme à air (88) par une voie d'écoulement d'air (40) et dans lequel les étapes d'ajustage et de commande ajustable sont effectuées en utilisant un seul élément de valve (52, 54) pour varier simultanément les sections d'écoulement d'air tant à travers la voie d'écoulement d'air qu'à travers le passage du corps.
  15. Dispositif (20) de pulvérisation de revêtements, comportant une tête de pulvérisation (28) présentant un orifice de fluide (36), un orifice d'atomisation de l'air (92) et des orifices de mise en forme à air (88); des moyens (44, 50) d'apport de matériau de revêtement liquide à l'orifice de fluide (36) pour leur émission partir de celui-ci; des moyens d'amenée de l'air à la tête de pulvérisation (28); des moyens (38, 40, 42) de fourniture de l'air amené à la tête de pulvérisation à un orifice (92) d'atomisation d'air pour atomiser le liquide de revêtement émis dans un nuage pulvérisé et à des orifices de mise en forme à air (88) pour rencontrer et mettre en forme le nuage pulvérisé; des moyens d'ajustage (110, 122, 114) du débit en volume d'air fourni aux orifices de mise en forme à air (88) pour ajuster la forme du nuage pulvérisé; et des moyens (116, 118, 120) qui, en fonction du fonctionnement des moyens d'ajustage (110, 112, 114), commandent de manière ajustable et simultanée le débit en volume d'air amené à la tête de pulvérisation (28) pour éviter que la pression d'air à la tête de pulvérisation (28) ne dépasse une pression maximum choisie, par suite à deschangements du débit en volume de l'air fourni aux orifices de mise en forme à air (88).
  16. Dispositif selon la revendication 15, dans lequel les moyens de commande ajustable (116, 118, 120) diminuent et augmentent le débit en volume d'air amené à la tête de pulvérisation (28), de quantités qui correspondent aux diminutions et aux augmentations respectives du débit en volume de l'air fourni aux orifices de mise en forme à air (88).
  17. Dispositif selon la revendication 15, dans lequel les moyens d'amenée et les moyens de fourniture fournissent de l'air à l'orifice d'atomisation de l'air (92) sous une pression qui n'est pas supérieure à environ 0,69 bar (10 psi) et dans lequel les moyens de commande ajustable diminuent le débit en volume de l'air fourni à la tête de pulvérisation (28) afin d'éviter que la pression d'air à l'orifice d'atomisation d'air ne dépasse pas 0,69 bar (10 psi), en fonction des moyens d'ajustage (110, 112, 114) diminuant le débit en volume de l'air fourni aux orifices de mise en forme à air (88).
  18. Dispositif selon la revendication 15, dans lequel la tête de pulvérisation (28) présente un premier passage (98) qui s'étend vers l'orifice d'atomisation d'air (92) et un second passage (94) qui s'étend vers l'orifice de formation d'air (88), les moyens d'amenée amenant de l'air à la tête de pulvérisation (28) à travers un passage commun (40), les moyens de fourniture contenant le premier passage (98) pour fournir de l'air à l'orifice d'atomisation de l'air (92) et le second passage (94) pour fournir de l'air à l'orifice de mise en forme à air (88), les moyens d'ajustage (110, 112, 114) ajustant la section de l'écoulement d'air à travers le second passage (94) pour commander le débit volume de l'air fourni aux orifices de mise en forme à air (88), et les moyens de commande ajustable (116, 118, 120) variant la section de l'écoulement d'air à travers le passage commun (40) pour varier le débit en volume de l'air amené à la tête de pulvérisation (28).
  19. Dispositif selon la revendication 18, dans lequel les moyens de commande ajustable (116, 118, 120) diminuent et augmentent la section d'écoulement d'air à travers le passage commun (40), de quantités qui correspondent aux diminutions et aux augmentations respectives de la section d'écoulement d'air à travers le second passage (44).
  20. Dispositif selon la revendication 18, comportant un étranglement (110) dans le passage commun (40), dans lequel les moyens d'amenée amènent de l'air à la la tête de pulvérisation (28) à travers l'étranglement (110) et dans lequel les moyens de commande ajustable (116, 118, 120) varient la section d'écoulement d'air à travers l'étranglement (102), d'une quantité qui est en corrélation avec une variation de la section d'écoulement d'air à travers le second passage (94).
  21. Dispositif selon la revendication 18, comportant des moyens de valve communs aux moyens d'ajustage (110, 112, 114) et aux moyens de commande ajustable pour varier simultanément les sections d'écoulement d'air tant à travers le second passage (94) qu'à travers le passage commun (40).
  22. Dispositif selon la revendication 20, dans lequel l'étranglement contient un venturi (110), les moyens d'amenée fournissant au passage commun (40) du côté amont (112) du venturi (110) de l'air à faible débit et haute pression et les moyens de commande ajustable (116, 118, 120) variant de telle manière la section d'écoulement d'air à travers le venturi (110) que l'air sortant du côté aval (114) du venturi (110) a, par rapport à l'air en amont (112), un fort débit et une basse pression et de sorte que la pression de l'air sur la tête de pulvérisation (28) n'est pas supérieure à la pression maximum choisie.
  23. Dispositif selon la revendication 20, dans lequel les moyens de fourniture comprennent un godet de peinture (124) et des moyens (126) pour relier l'air en aval (114) de l'étranglement (110) au godet de peinture (124), pour mettre le godet (124) sous pression afin de fournir sous pression le matériau de revêtement à l'orifice de fluide (36).
  24. Dispositif selon la revendication 20, dans lequel les moyens d'amenée (26) fournissent de l'air à une pression atteignant jusqu'à 6,9 bar (100 psi) au passage commun (40) en amont (112) de l'étranglement (110), et dans lequel les moyens (116, 118, 120) de commande ajustable varient la section d'écoulement d'air à travers l'étranglement de telle sorte que la pression d'air à la tête de pulvérisation (28) n'est pas supérieure à environ 0,69 bar (10 psi), indépendamment du débit en volume de l'air fourni aux orifices de mise en forme à air (88).
  25. Dispositif selon la revendication 15, comprenant en outre un corps (22) présentant un passage d'air (38) à travers celui-ci, dans lequel la tête de pulvérisation (28) est portée par le corps, la tête de pulvérisation étant reliée à une sortie du passage (38) du corps, dans lequel les moyens d'amenée (26) comprennent des moyens d'amenée d'air à faible débit et à haute pression par une entrée (26) au passage (38) du corps et comprennent des moyens de conversion de l'air à faible débit et à haute pression à l'entrée du passage du corps en air à fort débit et à basse pression à la sortie du passage du corps pour l'amener à la tête de pulvérisation (28).
  26. Dispositif selon la revendication 25, dans lequel les moyens de conversion comprennent un étranglement dans le passage du corps, l'air à faible débit et à haute pression amené à l'entrée du passage du corps s'écoulant à travers l'étranglement (110) étant converti en air à fort débit et basse pression, et dans lequel les moyens (116, 118, 120) de commande ajustable varient la section d'écoulement d'air à travers l'étranglement (110).
  27. Dispositif selon la revendication 25, comprenant des moyens de valve (52, 54) communs aux moyens (110, 112, 114) d'ajustage et aux moyens (116, 118, 120) de commande ajustable pour varier simultanément le débit en volume d'air fourni aux orifices de mise en forme à air (88) et amené à la tête de pulvérisation (28) à partir de la sortie du passage du corps.
  28. Dispositif selon la revendication 26, dans lequel la tête de pulvérisation (28) comprend des moyens d'entrée (86) aux orifices de mise en forme à air (88) et qui comprend une tubulure de valve (54) qui s'étend en déplacement longitudinal à travers le passage du corps et l'étranglement (110), la tubulure de valve (54) présentant une extrémité antérieure qui peut être déplacée en éloignement et en direction des moyens d'entrée (86) pour commander la section d'écoulement d'air à travers les moyens d'entrée (86), la tubulure de valve (54) présentant aussi un portion (116) de diamètre variable à l'intérieur de l'étranglement (110) et comprenant des moyens de déplacement de la tubulure de valve pour déplacer l'extrémité antérieure et en direction et en éloignement des moyens d'entrée (86) et pour simultanément déplacer la portion (116) de diamètre variable à l'intérieur de l'étranglement (110), ce par quoi la tubulure de valve (54) commande simultanément les sections d'écoulement d'air à travers les moyens d'entrée (86) vers les orifices de mise en forme à air (88) et à travers l'étranglement (110).
  29. Dispositif selon la revendication 15, ledit dispositif comprenant en outre un corps de pistolet de pulvérisation (22) comportant un passage d'air et une entrée dans le passage et une sortie du passage, la tête de pulvérisation (28) étant portée sur le corps en liaison avec la sortie du passage d'air du corps, et la tête de pulvérisation (28) présentant des moyens d'entrée (86) aux orifices de mise en forme à air (88); un étranglement (110) dans le passage du corps; et des moyens de valves (54) pour ajuster simultanément les sections d'écoulement d'air à travers l'étranglement (110) et les moyens d'entrée (86), dans lequel les moyens d'amenée (26) comprennent des moyens d'amenée d'air à faible débit et haute pression à l'entrée du passage (38) du corps pour que l'air s'écoule à travers l'étranglement (110) vers la sortie du passage du corps, l'étranglement convertissant l'air à faible débit et haute pression à l'entrée du passage du corps en air à fort débit et basse pression à la sortie du passage du corps, pour l'amener à la tête de pulvérisation (28) et le fournir à l'orifice d'atomisation d'air (92) et à travers les moyens d'entrée (86) vers les orifices de mise en forme d'air (88), et les moyens (110, 112, 114) d'ajustage et les moyens (116, 118, 120) de commande ajustable comprenant des moyens d'actionnement des moyens de valve (54) pour ajuster simultanément les sections d'écoulement d'air à travers l'étranglement (100) et les moyens d'entrée (86).
  30. Dispositif selon la revendication 29, dans lequel les moyens d'amenée (26) amènent à l'entrée (26) du passage du corps de l'air à une pression atteignant environ 6,9 bar (100 psi), et dans lequel l'étranglement (110) et les moyens de valve (54) limitent la pression de l'air à la tête de pulvérisation (28) pour qu'elle ne soit pas supérieure à environ 0,69 bar (10 psi), indépendamment des variations de sections d'écoulement d'air à travers les moyens d'entrée (86) vers les orifices de mise en forme à air (88).
  31. Dispositif selon la revendication 29, dans lequel les moyens de valve comprennent une tubulure de valve (54) dans le passage (40) d'air dans le corps, qui s'étend à travers l'étranglement (110), la tubulure de valve (54) présentant une extrémité antérieure (84) formant avec les moyens d'entrée une valve vers les orifices de mise en forme à air (88) et une portion (116, 118, 120) du corps de diamètre variable à l'intérieur de l'étranglement (110), et dans lequel les moyens d'actionnement comprennent des moyens (52) pour déplacer la tubulure de valve (54), afin de varier les sections d'écoulement d'air tant à travers l'étranglement (110) qu'à travers les moyens d'entrée (86).
  32. Dispositif selon la revendication 29, dans lequel les moyens de fourniture de matériau de revêtement comprennent un godet (124) de peinture et des moyens (126) pour relier au godet (124) l'air en aval de l'étranglement (110) dans le passage (40) du corps, pour mettre le godet (124) sous pression et fournir le matériau de revêtement sous pression à l'orifice de fluide (36).
EP90101583A 1989-02-03 1990-01-26 Pistolet de pulvérisation à fort débit d'air basse pression Expired - Lifetime EP0381072B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US30651789A 1989-02-03 1989-02-03
US306517 2002-11-27

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EP0381072A2 EP0381072A2 (fr) 1990-08-08
EP0381072A3 EP0381072A3 (fr) 1991-07-31
EP0381072B1 true EP0381072B1 (fr) 1994-06-01

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EP (1) EP0381072B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0741181B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE106282T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU618166B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2007963A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69009201T2 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2061840A1 (fr) * 1991-03-11 1992-09-12 D. William Medlock Pistolet pulverisateur a pression compensee de type hvlp
US5209405A (en) * 1991-04-19 1993-05-11 Ransburg Corporation Baffle for hvlp paint spray gun
GB9200605D0 (en) * 1992-01-13 1992-03-11 Itw Ltd Air valve
JPH07505568A (ja) * 1992-01-13 1995-06-22 アイティーダブリュ リミティド フィードバック空気圧検出装置
US5671888A (en) * 1994-07-06 1997-09-30 Smith; Paul Spray gun with barrel-mounted venturi
ES2115840T3 (es) * 1994-10-13 1998-07-01 Sata Farbspritztechnik Pistola pulverizadora accionada por aire comprimido.
ES2149057B1 (es) * 1996-10-31 2001-05-01 Sagola Sa Nueva pistola aerografica de baja presion.
ES2151778B1 (es) * 1997-04-04 2001-07-01 Sagola Sa Pistola aerografica perfeccionada de baja presion.
JP2016131907A (ja) * 2015-01-16 2016-07-25 アネスト岩田株式会社 スプレーガン

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB482020A (en) * 1937-03-23 1938-03-22 Alexander Frederick Jenkins Improvements in spraying devices
US2864649A (en) * 1956-11-26 1958-12-16 Cline Electric Mfg Co Spray gun
AU504469B2 (en) * 1976-08-27 1979-10-18 Tricentrol Manufacturing Pty. Limited Spraygun
JPS634520Y2 (fr) * 1981-06-10 1988-02-05
JPH039807Y2 (fr) * 1985-01-10 1991-03-12
JPS6247418A (ja) * 1985-08-28 1987-03-02 Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> 溶鋼中酸素濃度の推定方法
JPS638435U (fr) * 1986-06-25 1988-01-20
US4744518A (en) * 1986-11-12 1988-05-17 Can-Am Engineered Products, Inc. Fan adjustment for paint spray gun
US4817872A (en) * 1987-05-22 1989-04-04 Mattson Roy D Adjustable fluid spray gun
GB8802130D0 (en) * 1988-02-01 1988-03-02 Devilbiss Co Spraygun
DE8911932U1 (fr) * 1989-10-06 1990-01-18 Bersch & Fratscher Gmbh, 8757 Karlstein, De

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Publication number Publication date
AU4882590A (en) 1990-08-16
DE69009201D1 (de) 1994-07-07
CA2007963A1 (fr) 1990-08-03
ATE106282T1 (de) 1994-06-15
EP0381072A2 (fr) 1990-08-08
JPH03178355A (ja) 1991-08-02
DE69009201T2 (de) 1994-09-08
AU618166B2 (en) 1991-12-12
JPH0741181B2 (ja) 1995-05-10
EP0381072A3 (fr) 1991-07-31

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