EP0379403A1 - Elektronenstrahlerzeuger mit einer Magnetfelderzeugungsvorrichtung in der Nähe der Kathode - Google Patents

Elektronenstrahlerzeuger mit einer Magnetfelderzeugungsvorrichtung in der Nähe der Kathode Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0379403A1
EP0379403A1 EP90400089A EP90400089A EP0379403A1 EP 0379403 A1 EP0379403 A1 EP 0379403A1 EP 90400089 A EP90400089 A EP 90400089A EP 90400089 A EP90400089 A EP 90400089A EP 0379403 A1 EP0379403 A1 EP 0379403A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cathode
electron gun
solenoid
magnetic field
gun according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90400089A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Georges Faillon
Christophe Bastien
Christine Farvet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales Electron Devices SA
Original Assignee
Thomson Tubes Electroniques
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson Tubes Electroniques filed Critical Thomson Tubes Electroniques
Publication of EP0379403A1 publication Critical patent/EP0379403A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/08—Focusing arrangements, e.g. for concentrating stream of electrons, for preventing spreading of stream
    • H01J23/087—Magnetic focusing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/06—Electron or ion guns
    • H01J23/065—Electron or ion guns producing a solid cylindrical beam

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electron guns producing a cylindrical electron beam. It relates more particularly to cannons operating at high voltage. These guns are used, in particular in electron tubes with longitudinal interaction, these tubes are called "O" type. In this type of tube, the electron beam is focused by a magnetic field collinear with the trajectory of the electrons. The klystrons, the traveling wave tubes are type "O" tubes. These guns can also be used in other vacuum devices, such as particle accelerators.
  • An electron gun producing a long and fine electron beam is generally built around an axis of revolution. It comprises a cathode, generally made of thermoemissive material, heated, brought to a generally negative potential. It is surrounded by a focusing electrode known as the wehnelt, brought to the same potential as the cathode.
  • the cathode emits a beam of electrons to an anode.
  • the wehnelt converges the electron beam from the cathode.
  • These two electrodes are surrounded by the anode.
  • the anode and the wehnelt are open in their center to let pass the electron beam coming from the cathode. Grids can be inserted between the cathode and the wehnelt.
  • Ceramic elements serve to support the electrodes and electrically insulate them from each other.
  • the electron beam emitted by the cathode and focused by the wehnelt and the anode, then enters a room, in the form of a tunnel which is the body of the electron tube.
  • This body is generally grounded.
  • the anode can either be brought to a potential intermediate between that of the cathode and that of the body of the tube, or be brought to the same potential as the body of the tube.
  • the beam is focused using a solenoid, a permanent magnet or a series of alternating contiguous magnets.
  • the body of the tube ends in an electron collector.
  • the induction must be low so as not to disturb the emission of electrons. It is increased as one moves away from the cathode, in order to make the electron beam converge in the barrel; Finally, the induction is given a constant value outside the barrel, that is to say in the body of the tube.
  • a pole piece is generally placed between the barrel and the body of the tube; this piece shields from the large field present in the body of the tube.
  • pole piece can give a particular geometry to the pole piece. It is generally made of mild steel. It can be more or less open, more or less thick, more or less conical. But the pole piece acts mainly on the electron beam only at the exit of the barrel. It has little action at the cathode level.
  • the electrodes are brought to very high voltages, and a large space separates them, in order to avoid breakdowns. Consequently, the barrel has a large diameter and the armor will therefore also have a large diameter. It will be relatively far from the cathode and its influence on the magnetic field at the cathode will therefore be weak, even if a small complementary solenoid has been added.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks and proposes an electron gun fitted with a device producing a magnetic field in the vicinity of the cathode.
  • An electron gun comprising several electrodes including a cathode, and a device for producing a magnetic field, this device cooperating with an electrode other than the cathode and close to the cathode to establish a controlled magnetic field. in the immediate vicinity of the cathode.
  • an electrode will serve as a support for a solenoid; the power supply of the solenoid will be made from a generator whose potential is referenced with respect to the potential of this electrode or to a neighboring potential.
  • the electrode is the wehnelt or the anode; as these electrodes surround the front face of the cathode, they make it possible to create a well-controlled magnetic field in the immediate vicinity of the front face of the cathode.
  • an electrode other than the cathode may serve as a support for permanent magnets distributed in a ring around the cathode.
  • the electrode other than the cathode, which cooperates with the device for producing a magnetic field, can be made of magnetic material; the electrode itself then makes it possible to guide a magnetic flux (generated by magnets or a solenoid) around the front face of the cathode; as the electrode is close to the cathode, it is thus possible to control very effectively, and possibly adjust the magnetic field in the immediate vicinity of the cathode.
  • a magnetic flux generated by magnets or a solenoid
  • the magnets or the solenoid can then be carried by the electrode or simply be in contact with one end of this electrode, even if this end is far from the cathode: for example, the electrode, wehnelt or anode, is made of magnetic material and a solenoid is placed in magnetic contact with the electrode outside the barrel, where the electrode is supported by the outer wall of the barrel.
  • the barrel shown in Figure 1 is built around an axis YY ′ of revolution.
  • the barrel is integrated in a tube of type "O" of which only the body 5 has been shown.
  • the barrel comprises a cathode 1, made of thermoemissive material. It has the shape of a cup and is heated to around 1100 ° C by a filament not shown. This cathode is brought to a high potential - V0 of the order of 100 kV. It gives rise to an electron beam 4 converging thanks to the action of a focusing electrode or wehnelt 2 which surrounds the cathode 1.
  • the electron beam 4 has substantially the shape of a cylinder and is accelerated towards the body 5 of the tube.
  • the wehnelt is generally made of molybdenum, stainless steel or copper. It is brought to the same potential - V0 as the cathode 1.
  • An anode 3 surrounds the wehnelt 2. This anode 3 is brought to a potential -V A. It is generally made in whole or in part in molybdenum or copper. Grids can be inserted between the cathode 1 and the wehnelt 2. In FIG. 1, a grid has not been shown.
  • the barrel essentially comprises all the electrodes located between the cathode 1 and the anode 3.
  • the body of the tube generally made of copper, is brought to ground.
  • This focusing device is generally magnetic. Around the body of the tube, it can consist of permanent magnets, a solenoid or alternating adjoining magnets. A focusing device has not been shown.
  • the anode 3 is secured by one of its ends 11 to a first spacer 7 and a second insulating spacer 13, of cylindrical shape, which surround the barrel.
  • the spacer 7 holds the anode 3 in place and electrically isolates it from the body 5 of the tube.
  • Cathode 1 and wehnelt 2 are fixed on a circular insulating wall 8 which closes the bottom of the barrel.
  • the second insulating spacer 13 bears on one side at the periphery of the insulating wall 8 and on the other at the end 11 of the anode 3. It contributes to isolating the cathode 1 and the wehnelt 2 from the anode 3.
  • the other end 12 of the anode 3, placed near the cathode 1 converges the electron beam.
  • This end 12 of the anode 3 may be made of a material different from the rest of the anode.
  • the spacers 7 and 13 and the wall 8 are generally made of ceramic. They contribute with the body of the tube to define a sealed enclosure 14 surrounding the electrodes of the barrel. This enclosure 14 is subjected to vacuum.
  • the barrel is partially immersed in a magnetic field.
  • the induction on cathode 1 must be low and then it must increase in the interval between cathode 1 and body 5 of the tube.
  • the diameter of the spacers is large so as to leave a suitable isolation space between the different electrodes. This avoids the risks of breakdown by electric arcs between the electrodes and the body of the tube, or between electrodes brought to different potentials.
  • the geometry of this pole piece 6 makes it possible to vary the focus of the electron beam 4. It can be more or less open, more or less thick, more or less conical.
  • the pole piece 6 focuses the electron beam especially between the anode 3 and the inlet of the body of the tube. This part does not allow to adjust as it should be the magnetic field inside the barrel; it mainly serves as a screen against the fairly intense magnetic field which reigns in the body of the tube, so that this field remains sufficiently weak in the immediate vicinity of the cathode.
  • Another known structure has a magnetic shield 9, of cylindrical shape, made of mild steel for example, around the barrel, outside the spacers 7, 13.
  • This shield 9 is placed between the output of the cathode 1 and the pole piece 6.
  • the shield 9 can be fixed to the pole piece 6. It is even possible to add a solenoid 10 in this shielding 9, in order to be able to fine-tune the magnetic field settings during the tests.
  • the cylindrical shield 9 In barrels operating at high voltage, the cylindrical shield 9 has a large diameter because of the isolation spaces between electrodes. Its action on the focusing of the electron beam 4 is very weak even if the solenoid 10 has been added.
  • FIG. 2 represents, in section an electron gun, of axis YY ′, comparable to that of FIG. 1. But it is provided with a device producing a magnetic field in the vicinity of the cathode.
  • the magnetic field is adjustable since it is produced by a solenoid and we can act on the current passing through this solenoid.
  • the barrel is integrated in a tube of type "O" of which only part of the body 25 has been shown.
  • the barrel has an anode 23 brought to the same potential as the body 25. It is integral, by one of its ends 28 of the body 25 of the tube. Its other end 29 is integral with a spacer 15 comparable to the spacer 13 in Figure 1. This spacer 15 is supported on an insulating wall 16 which closes the barrel.
  • the body of the tube 25, the anode 23 as well as the spacer 15 and the wall 16 contribute to defining a sealed enclosure 17 subjected to vacuum.
  • Cathode 1 is cup-shaped. It is provided with a heating filament 20.
  • the cathode 1, heated to a high temperature of the order of 1100 ° C. produces an electron beam 4.
  • a thermal screen 21 is placed near the filament 20 in order to thermally stabilize the interior of the enclosure 17.
  • the cathode 1 is surrounded by a wehnelt 22.
  • the device producing the adjustable magnetic field is integrated into the wehnelt 22.
  • the wehnelt 22 comprises a cavity 24, at the interior of which a solenoid 27 has been placed. This solenoid 27 is located near the cathode 1 and its action is effective on the electron beam 4.
  • the solenoid 27 has the shape of a ring or a neighboring shape. It is mounted coaxially with the cathode 1.
  • the wehnelt has been thickened so as to be able to accommodate the solenoid 27.
  • the parts of the gun being generally thick, nothing prevents the introduction of the solenoid 27.
  • the cavity 24 does not communicate with the interior of the enclosure 17.
  • the cavity 24 opens to the exterior of the enclosure 17 by crossing the wall 16.
  • the cavity 24 can be closed by a tight plug 26 placed on the wall 16 so that the interior of the cavity 24 is not in contact with the atmosphere outside the enclosure 17.
  • the outside atmosphere is either air or oil, or sulfur fluoride SF6. These materials have an insulating role.
  • the wire used to make the solenoid 27 can be made of pure tungsten or of tungsten alloyed with rhenium for example.
  • the wire used to make this solenoid is insulated by ceramic pieces of suitable shape.
  • the solenoid 27 is brought overall to the potential of the wehnelt, therefore to the potential -V0 of the cathode 1.
  • the solenoid can be mounted in series with the heating filament 20 as shown in FIG. 2.
  • At least one sealed passage 18 placed in the wall 16 seals between the interior and the exterior of the enclosure 17 at the level of the wire connecting the solenoid to the heating filament.
  • the wehnelt will be made of a magnetic metallic material such as mild steel or mild iron. But it can also be made of non-magnetic material, the field then being directly that of the solenoid.
  • Figure 3 shows in section an electron gun comparable to that of Figure 1. It is provided with another variant of the device producing the adjustable magnetic field near the cathode 1.
  • This device is integrated into the anode 30 and not into the wehnelt.
  • the anode 30 which surrounds the wehnelt 2 comprises a cavity 32 inside which a solenoid 31 has been placed.
  • the anode 30 is in this case isolated from the body 5 of the tube as in FIG. 1. It is made partially or completely in a magnetic metallic material, such as soft iron or mild steel.
  • a first end 19 of the anode 30 is integral with the spacers 7 and 13.
  • the other end 33 of the anode 30, close to the cathode 1, is made of a material different from the rest of the anode.
  • This material can be molybdenum for example.
  • the part made of magnetic metallic material will be more or less long, more or less thick. It is also advisable that this part does not heat too much and does not lose permeability.
  • the material used will be manufactured under vacuum, so as to avoid any untimely degassing.
  • the solenoid 31 can be placed more or less close to the electron beam 4 according to the desired effect on the magnetic flux lines existing in the gun.
  • This solenoid 32 will be supplied by a supply 36 referenced with respect to the potential of the anode 30.
  • the current may be controlled during the tests by means of optical fibers, for example.
  • Reference 34 represents the supply of cathode 1 supplying the potential - V0.
  • the reference 35 represents the supply of the anode 30 supplying the potential -V A.
  • the supply 35 of the anode and the supply 36 of the solenoid will each be provided with an isolation transformer 37.
  • the solenoid 31 is connected to its supply 36 by means of a conductor 38 inserted in a conduit 39 which passes to the inside the anode 30 and which opens at its end 19 outside the enclosure 14 delimited by the spacers 7, 13.
  • Figure 4 shows in section a cannon comparable to that of Figure 1. It is provided with another variant of the device producing the adjustable magnetic field in the vicinity of the cathode.
  • the device producing the adjustable magnetic field consists of a solenoid 40 placed in contact with the anode 41.
  • a first end 42 of the anode 41 is integral with the spacers 7, 13. It is at this first end 42 that there is contact between the anode 41 and the solenoid 40.
  • the solenoid is placed outside the enclosure 14.
  • This device producing the adjustable magnetic field can be used in guns operating at lower voltage.
  • the diameter of the barrel is less important and it becomes more difficult to integrate a solenoid inside the anode or the whenelt.
  • the anode 41 will be made of a magnetic metallic material, either partially or completely, to guide the magnetic flux from the solenoid to a region in the immediate vicinity of the cathode. In the figure it is partially in a magnetic metallic material.
  • the second end 43, close to the cathode 1 and surrounding the electron beam, is made of another material, molybdenum for example.
  • the solenoid is supplied by a supply, not shown. This supply is referenced with respect to the potential of the anode 41 as in the previous case.
  • FIG. 5 represents in section, an electron gun comparable to that of FIG. 4. It is provided with a new variant of the device producing the magnetic field in the vicinity of the cathode.
  • the device producing the magnetic field consists of one or more magnets 50, magnetized beforehand.
  • magnets are placed in a ring outside the enclosure 14 and are in contact with the anode 51.
  • a first end 52 of the anode 51 is secured to the spacers 7, 13. It is at this first end 52 which makes contact between the anode 51 and the magnets 50.
  • the magnets 50 are arranged so that their induction lines are directed towards the inside of the anode 51.
  • the anode 51 is made wholly or partially in a magnetic metallic material.
  • Figure 5 there is shown the second end 53 of the anode 51, close to the cathode 1, in another material, molybdenum for example.
  • the magnets 50 are brought to the same potential as the anode 51.
  • the number of magnets 50 is arbitrary. It is possible to adjust the magnetic field relatively finely in the vicinity of the cathode 1 by modifying the number of magnets 50 placed in a ring around the anode 51 and their position.
  • the invention is not limited to the examples described. Many variants can occur in terms of the shape or position of the device producing a magnetic field near the cathode without departing from the scope of the invention. It suffices that one of the electrodes other than the cathode is provided with the device producing a magnetic field in the vicinity of the cathode.

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  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
EP90400089A 1989-01-17 1990-01-12 Elektronenstrahlerzeuger mit einer Magnetfelderzeugungsvorrichtung in der Nähe der Kathode Withdrawn EP0379403A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8900484A FR2641899A1 (fr) 1989-01-17 1989-01-17 Canon a electrons muni d'un dispositif actif produisant un champ magnetique au voisinage de la cathode
FR8900484 1989-01-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0379403A1 true EP0379403A1 (de) 1990-07-25

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EP90400089A Withdrawn EP0379403A1 (de) 1989-01-17 1990-01-12 Elektronenstrahlerzeuger mit einer Magnetfelderzeugungsvorrichtung in der Nähe der Kathode

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5109179A (de)
EP (1) EP0379403A1 (de)
JP (1) JPH02227950A (de)
FR (1) FR2641899A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0589606A2 (de) * 1992-09-24 1994-03-30 Eev Limited Elektronenstrahlerzeugungsvorrichtungen

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3325982B2 (ja) * 1993-12-27 2002-09-17 株式会社東芝 磁界界浸型電子銃
FR2737340B1 (fr) * 1995-07-28 1997-08-22 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube electronique multifaisceau a couplage cavite/faisceau ameliore
FR2756970B1 (fr) * 1996-12-10 2003-03-07 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube hyperfrequence a interaction longitudinale a cavite a sortie au dela du collecteur
FR2764730B1 (fr) * 1997-06-13 1999-09-17 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Canon electronique pour tube electronique multifaisceau et tube electronique multifaisceau equipe de ce canon
FR2780809B1 (fr) 1998-07-03 2003-11-07 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube electronique multifaisceau avec champ magnetique de correction de trajectoire des faisceaux
US6392333B1 (en) * 1999-03-05 2002-05-21 Applied Materials, Inc. Electron gun having magnetic collimator
FR2803454B1 (fr) * 1999-12-30 2003-05-16 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Generateur d'impulsions hyperfrequences integrant un compresseur d'impulsions
JP3996442B2 (ja) * 2002-05-27 2007-10-24 Ｎｅｃマイクロ波管株式会社 電子銃
JP5835822B1 (ja) * 2014-06-30 2015-12-24 Ｎｅｃネットワーク・センサ株式会社 高周波回路システム

Citations (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1067532B (de) * 1953-12-17 1959-10-22 Siemens Ag Einrichtung zum Justieren des gebuendelt gefuehrten Elektronenstrahls einer Laufzeitroehre, insbesondere Wanderfeldroehre
FR73213E (fr) * 1953-03-26 1960-09-23 Int Standard Electric Corp Structure d'amplificateurs à ondes progressives
US3052808A (en) * 1959-06-11 1962-09-04 Telefunken Gmbh Beam centering device for travelling wave tubes
DE1144405B (de) * 1930-07-02 1963-02-28 Philips Nv Elektronenstrahlroehre mit magnetischen Fokussierungsmitteln ausserhalb und innerhalb des Vakuumraumes, insbesondere Klystron oder Wanderwellen-roehre
FR1320596A (fr) * 1961-04-28 1963-03-08 Siemens Ag Dispositif de correction magnétique pour tubes à faisceau électronique, notammentà ondes progressives
DE1244967B (de) * 1961-08-16 1967-07-20 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag Verfahren zur Kompensation der Auswirkung herstellungsbedingter strahlerzeugerseitiger Unsymmetrien von in magnetischen Fokussierungseinrichtungen einer bestimmten, vorgegebenen Type zu betreibenden Laufzeitroehren
US3522469A (en) * 1968-04-12 1970-08-04 Varian Associates Magnetic beam focusing structure for a traveling wave tube employing magnetic shunts between the pole pieces and the emitter
US3832596A (en) * 1973-04-13 1974-08-27 Varian Associates Magnetic structure for focusing of linear beams
GB2107111A (en) * 1981-10-07 1983-04-20 Varian Associates Adjustable-beam permanent- magnet-focused linear beam microwave tube

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DE689388C (de) * 1934-07-30 1940-03-19 Lorenz Akt Ges C Anordnung zur Ablenkung des Kathodenstrahls in Braunschen Roehren
BE442068A (de) * 1940-07-03
US2785330A (en) * 1953-10-19 1957-03-12 Nat Video Corp Internal pole piece arrangement for a magnetically-focused cathode ray tube
US2934666A (en) * 1956-12-31 1960-04-26 Terry M Shrader Electron gun
DE1276217B (de) * 1958-06-25 1968-08-29 Siemens Ag Elektronenstrahlroehre mit Geschwindigkeitsmodulation, insbesondere Lauffeldroehre
NL255680A (de) * 1959-09-23
NL278366A (de) * 1961-05-27

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1144405B (de) * 1930-07-02 1963-02-28 Philips Nv Elektronenstrahlroehre mit magnetischen Fokussierungsmitteln ausserhalb und innerhalb des Vakuumraumes, insbesondere Klystron oder Wanderwellen-roehre
FR73213E (fr) * 1953-03-26 1960-09-23 Int Standard Electric Corp Structure d'amplificateurs à ondes progressives
DE1067532B (de) * 1953-12-17 1959-10-22 Siemens Ag Einrichtung zum Justieren des gebuendelt gefuehrten Elektronenstrahls einer Laufzeitroehre, insbesondere Wanderfeldroehre
US3052808A (en) * 1959-06-11 1962-09-04 Telefunken Gmbh Beam centering device for travelling wave tubes
FR1320596A (fr) * 1961-04-28 1963-03-08 Siemens Ag Dispositif de correction magnétique pour tubes à faisceau électronique, notammentà ondes progressives
DE1244967B (de) * 1961-08-16 1967-07-20 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag Verfahren zur Kompensation der Auswirkung herstellungsbedingter strahlerzeugerseitiger Unsymmetrien von in magnetischen Fokussierungseinrichtungen einer bestimmten, vorgegebenen Type zu betreibenden Laufzeitroehren
US3522469A (en) * 1968-04-12 1970-08-04 Varian Associates Magnetic beam focusing structure for a traveling wave tube employing magnetic shunts between the pole pieces and the emitter
US3832596A (en) * 1973-04-13 1974-08-27 Varian Associates Magnetic structure for focusing of linear beams
GB2107111A (en) * 1981-10-07 1983-04-20 Varian Associates Adjustable-beam permanent- magnet-focused linear beam microwave tube

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0589606A2 (de) * 1992-09-24 1994-03-30 Eev Limited Elektronenstrahlerzeugungsvorrichtungen
EP0589606A3 (de) * 1992-09-24 1995-02-01 Eev Ltd Elektronenstrahlerzeugungsvorrichtungen.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2641899A1 (fr) 1990-07-20
US5109179A (en) 1992-04-28
JPH02227950A (ja) 1990-09-11

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